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This study explores the feasibility of precisely tuning the resistive switching behavior of Au/BiFeO 3 /Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si memristors through controlled modulation of laser energy density during pulsed laser deposition (PLD). By systematically reducing the laser energy density within the fabrication process, notable alterations in the properties of the BiFeO 3 (BFO) thin film are observed. As the laser energy density decreases, the grain size in the BFO film and the thickness of the film decrease. Furthermore, we obtain the minute structural variations in response to the diverse laser energy densities employed during the deposition process. Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis is employed to investigate the distribution of Ti 4 + ions within the BFO thin film. The reduction in the grain size and film thickness, along with the prominent nucleation of specifically oriented grains, and the diffusion of Ti 4 + ions, lead to the BFO memristor fabricated with a lower laser energy density having more grain boundaries and a shortened conduction path (grain boundary) in the thickness direction. Consequently, the enhanced movement of oxygen vacancies facilitates their preferential accumulation along the grain boundaries within the BFO layer, resulting in an augmented on/off ratio, rectification factor, and set current in the devices. Overall, our findings explain the significant influence of laser energy density in PLD on the microstructure and electrical properties of BFO thin films. Particularly, the lower energy densities are employed to improve electrical characteristics. This research not only enhances our fundamental understanding but also provides valuable insights into optimizing BFO memristors for reliable, robust, and practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accumulation of snow is one of the essential reasons for the significant decrease in the power generation efficiency of PV stations in winter. For this reason, this paper firstly provides a detailed review of the current research into the physical processes and shedding reasons for the natural melting of snow on PV module surfaces. Then, several common techniques to promote snow and ice melting on PV surfaces are discussed, and the feasibility and shortcoming of ultrasonic technology in removing high‐density snow and ice are analyzed in detail. Finally, this paper proposes two snow sensing technologies for PV modules, namely, image processing method and interdigital capacitance method. Among them, the image method based on fixed camera and UAV detection is more suitable for wide area PV power stations, while the interdigital capacitance method is helpful in obtaining snow characteristic parameters, such as icing type and LWC. The relevant research has certain reference significance for PV power stations to formulate a more reasonable snow removal plan and power generation forecast. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critical illness leads to millions of deaths worldwide each year, with a significant surge due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients with critical illness are frequently associated with systemic metabolic disorders and malnutrition. The idea of intervention for critically ill patients through enteral and parenteral nutrition has been paid more and more attention gradually. However, current nutritional therapies focus on evidence-based practice, and there have been lacking holistic approaches for nutritional support assessment. Metabolomics is a well-established omics technique in system biology that enables comprehensive profiling of metabolites in a biological system and thus provides the underlying information expressed and modulated by all other omics layers. In recent years, with the development of high-resolution and accurate mass spectrometry, metabolomics entered a new "generation", promoting its broader applications in critical care nutrition. In this review, we first described the technological development and milestones of next-generation metabolomics in the past 20 years. We then discussed the emerging roles of next-generation metabolomics in advancing our understanding of critical care nutrition, such as nutritional deficiency risk evaluation, metabolic mechanisms of nutritional therapies, and novel nutrition target identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is a change in the usual weather found in a place. The climate change has a major impact not only on natural disasters of the Earth but also on human health. The climate crisis is then no longer a future concern. It includes both the global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. Global warming can occur from a variety of causes, both natural and human induced. The primary GHG in Earth's atmosphere, listed in decreasing order of average global mole fraction, are: water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and ozone (O3). Today, scientists around the world continue to try and solve the puzzle of climate change. It is clear that to address climate change, the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere by industrial process has to be reduced because once it is added to the atmosphere, it can continue to affect climate for thousands of years. For such a purpose, an approach to intervention using expression vectors for any protein targeting to the cell plasma membrane via the glycosylphosphatidylinositol, GPI, anchor is suggested. The resulting GPI-anchored proteins would be useful for studying intermolecular interactions, especially gene-environment interactions, in investigating the potential impact of any chemical compounds on any genes of interest and could be used for carbonic anhydrase (CA)-based CO2-capture (environmental application). This approach would be crucial not only for capturing CO2via GPI and CA but also for the production of CA enzyme as well as its stabilization and therefore useful for combating the global warming of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of COVID-19, the research on various aspects of the venipuncture robot field has become increasingly hot, but there has been little research on robotic needle insertion angles, primarily performed at a rough angle. This will increase the rate of puncture failure. Furthermore, there is sometimes significant pain due to the patients' differences. This paper investigates the optimal needle entry angle decision for a dorsal hand intravenous injection robot. The dorsal plane of the hand was obtained by a linear structured light scan, which was used as a basis for calculating the needle entry angle. Simulation experiments were also designed to determine the optimal needle entry angle. Firstly, the linear structured optical system was calibrated and optimized, and the error function was constructed and solved iteratively by the optimization method to eliminate measurement error. Besides, the dorsal hand was scanned to obtain the spatial point clouds of the needle entry area, and the least squares method was used to fit it to obtain the dorsal hand plane. Then, the needle entry angle was calculated based on the needle entry area plane. Finally, the changes in the penetration force under different needle entry angles were analyzed to determine the optimal needle insertion angle. According to the experimental results, the average error of the optimized structured light plane position was about 0.1 mm, which meets the needs of the project, and a large angle should be properly selected for needle insertion during the intravenous injection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As green energy, the floating photovoltaic (FPV) system has many advantages. Taking Xiangjiaba reservoir as an example, a Ce-qual-W2 model was established to evaluate the potential impact of the FPV system on water temperature and its potential benefits. The result showed that: (1) FPV system could reduce the water temperature, water age, and relative water column stability of the reservoir; (2) the influence range of FPV on water temperature will not exceed 20% of reservoir length outside the coverage area in the flow direction. (3) FPV system would delay the reaching time of critical temperature threshold and accumulated temperature threshold for Coreius heterodon spawning, shorten the spawning period. The delay time of AT and CT under 100% coverage are 20.3 and 7 days respectively compared with no FPV condition; (4) FPV system can play a great role in power generation and emission reduction. Under 100% coverage, the power generation can reach 17.2 billion kW·h, reduce 14.4 million tons of carbon emissions and save 35.12 million m3 of water. This study can provide a reference for the impact assessment of the FPV project on the water environment and the formulation of the FPV coverage scheme. [Display omitted] • FPV system could reduce the water temperature, stratification stability of the reservoir. • The influence range of FPV on water temperature will not exceed 20% of reservoir length. • FPV system would delay the reaching time of CT and AT threshold for fish spawning. • FPV systems can play a great role in power generation and emission reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolomics has emerged as a powerful new tool in precision medicine. No studies have yet been published on the metabolomic changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) produced by acute endurance exercise. CSF and plasma were collected from 19 young active adults (13 males and 6 females) before and 60 min after a 90‐min monitored outdoor run. The median age, BMI, and VO2 max of subjects was 25 years (IQR 22–31), 23.2 kg/m2 (IQR 21.7–24.5), and 47 ml/kg/min (IQR 38–51), respectively. Targeted, broad‐spectrum metabolomics was performed by liquid chromatography, tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). In the CSF, purines and pyrimidines accounted for 32% of the metabolic impact after acute endurance exercise. Branch chain amino acids, amino acid neurotransmitters, fatty acid oxidation, phospholipids, and Krebs cycle metabolites traceable to mitochondrial function accounted for another 52% of the changes. A narrow but important channel of metabolic communication was identified between the brain and body by correlation network analysis. By comparing these results to previous work in experimental animal models, we found that over 80% of the changes in the CSF correlated with a cascade of mitochondrial and metabolic changes produced by ATP signaling. ATP is released as a co‐neurotransmitter and neuromodulator at every synapse studied to date. By regulating brain mitochondrial function, ATP release was identified as an early step in the kinetic cascade of layered benefits produced by endurance exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the improvement of the ability to acquire natural information, wireless sensor networks also need to transmit corresponding information in terms of collecting information. Wireless sensor nodes have great application prospects as a key component of wireless sensors. Therefore, different wireless sensors play an important decisive role in the operation of wireless network applications. With the continuous development of wireless sensor networks, existing wireless sensor network nodes exhibit limitations and shortcomings such as inflexible structure, low variability, and low versatility. Specifically, the learning and neural networks obtained by different artificial intelligence expert systems in computing technology are different. On the one hand, it can meet the needs of users for information systems to a certain extent, and on the other hand, it can also help accelerate the development of computer science. At present, the new generation of information technology industry is listed in the seven emerging strategic industries of the country. The new cloud computing technology has gradually expanded to important corporate governance capabilities in terms of information technology. The intelligent application of cloud computing technology replaces traditional enterprise management technology. Efficiency management and risk management can improve the quality and business capabilities of the entire enterprise, improve system applications according to the actual situation of the enterprise, improve system applications, and implement health and the sustainable development of the enterprise, thereby promoting the sustainable development of the computer technology industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Martial arts group showed higher d2 attention level than the other two groups. • Martial arts group showed higher working memory level than the other two groups. • The r-OFC and r-BA regions were activated by martial arts during 1-back tasks. • Martial arts decreased activation in l-FPA region under 2-back tasks. • Martial arts is more conducive to cognitive improvement with cognitive engagement. Interventions can improve working memory and attention in school-aged children, but little is known about how regional changes in brain activity promoted by exercise mediate this cognitive improvement. This study focused on the improved neurocognitive functions and intrinsic regional variation within the brain by comparing school-aged children in a martial arts group with those in free-play and rest groups. With a pretest–posttest design, the d2 attention test and N -back tasks were carried out. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was performed during the pre- and post-intervention N -back tasks and rest. Following the intervention, the d2 attention in all groups remarkably increased, and the attention level of the martial arts group was substantially higher than those of the other two groups. Free-play and martial arts shortened the 1- and 2-back task reaction time and increased the 2-back accuracy rate (AR), and the martial arts group exhibited a significantly higher AR than the other two groups. In addition, the martial arts group showed higher activations in the right orbitofrontal cortex and right Broca's area (r-BA) regions post-intervention 1-back tasks, whereas a strong correlation was observed between 1-back performance and the related brain region. However, under the 2-back task, although the cognitive control was improved, the martial arts group decreased activation in the left frontopolar area and free play decreased the activation in the r-BA and right somatosensory cortex. Together, our findings showed that martial arts could be more conducive to cognitive improvement than physical exercise that requires no cognitive skills and that performing interventions in the earlier stages of childhood may improve the regulation of neural networks involved in cognitive control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light–oxygen–voltage (LOV) proteins are ubiquitous photoreceptors that can interact with other regulatory proteins and then mediate their activities, which results in cellular adaptation and subsequent physiological changes. Upon blue-light irradiation, a conserved cysteine (Cys) residue in LOV covalently binds to flavin to form a flavin–Cys adduct, which triggers a subsequent cascade of signal transduction and reactions. We found a group of natural Cys-less LOV-like proteins in magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) and investigated its physiological functions by conducting research on one of these unusual LOV-like proteins, Amb2291, in Magnetospirillum magneticum. In-frame deletion of amb2291 or site-directive substitution of alanine-399 for Cys mutants impaired the protective responses against hydrogen peroxide, thereby causing stress and growth impairment. Consequently, gene expression and magnetosome formation were affected, which led to high sensitivity to oxidative damage and defective phototactic behaviour. The purified wild-type and A399C-mutated LOV-like proteins had similar LOV blue-light response spectra, but Amb2291A399C exhibited a faster reaction to blue light. We especially showed that LOV-like protein Amb2291 plays a role in magnetosome synthesis and resistance to oxidative stress of AMB-1 when this bacterium was exposed to red light and hydrogen peroxide. This finding expands our knowledge of the physiological function of this widely distributed group of photoreceptors and deepens our understanding of the photoresponse of MTB. Key Points: • We found a group of Cys-less light–oxygen–voltage (LOV) photoreceptors in magnetotactic bacteria, which prompted us to study the light-response and biological roles of these proteins in these non-photosynthetic bacteria. • The Cys-less LOV-like protein participates in the light-regulated signalling pathway and improves resistance to oxidative damage and magnetic crystal biogenesis in Magnetospirillum magneticum. • This result will contribute to our understanding of the structural and functional diversity of the LOV-like photoreceptor and help us understand the complexity of light-regulated model organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pretrained models in abstractive summarization enable the summarization model to generate coherent summaries flexibly, but it also introduces unfactual hallucinations when generating novel words. To circumvent this drawback, we propose A Guided Tensor Product framework for abstractive Summarization (GTPSum). GTPSum utilizes highlighted sentence guidance signal and role embedding in the form of guided tensor product representations (GTPRs) to enhance the generation capacity for short document text. The guidance signal assists the model in focusing on crucial information, while the role embedding aids GTPSum in capturing the syntactic structure relationships present in the sentences. By employing this approach, the framework can not only focus on the essential information from the source document but also grasp the inherent sentence structure, resulting in generated summaries that closely align with the original content. The experimental results demonstrate the strong performance of our approach on the CNN/Daily Mail (44.28/20.88/41.08 ROUGE-1/-2/-L) and performed well on the other three datasets. Moreover, the comparison between our model generated summaries and those generated by the baseline models through human evaluation shows that our summaries contain more critical information, have better readability, and still maintain succinctness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pain has shaped our evolutionary history, and pain-free experiences are critical for our health. There are, however, enormous individual differences in pain sensitivity, and the psychological consequences of this heterogeneity are only poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether individual differences in pain sensitivity predicted the experience of unfairness. We found that the magnitude of pain sensitivity correlated with the extent to which participants experienced unfairness. This association was due to the shared human alarm system of unfairness and pain sensitivity. This finding may elucidate mechanisms for producing a new and positive cycle of a healthy experience between fairness and feeling pain-free. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare autosomal-dominantly inherited skeletal dysplasia that is predominantly associated with heterozygous mutations of RUNX2. However, no information is available regarding metabolic changes associated with CCD at present. Materials and methods: We analyzed members of a CCD family and checked for mutations in the RUNX2 coding sequence using the nucleotide BLAST program. The 3D protein structure of mutant RUNX2 was predicted by I-TASSER. Finally, we analyzed metabolites extracted from plasma using LC-MS/MS. Results: We identified a novel mutation (c.1061insT) that generates a premature termination in the RUNX2 coding region, which, based on protein structure prediction models, likely alters the protein's function. Interestingly, metabolomics profiling indicated that 30 metabolites belonging to 13 metabolic pathways were significantly changed in the CCD patients compared to normal controls. Conclusions: The results highlight interesting correlations between a RUNX2 mutation, metabolic changes, and the clinical features in a family with CCD. The results also contribute to our understanding of the pathogenetic processes underlying this rare disorder. Clinical relevance: This study provides the first metabolomics profiling in CCD patients, expands our insights into the pathogenesis of the disorder, may help in diagnostics and its refinements, and may lead to novel therapeutic approaches to CCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging disease caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV) of the family Bunyaviridae . Since the virus was first isolated in 2009, it has become widespread in China, with an increasing number of cases year on year. Although the disease has been researched extensively in past years, there are still no effective measures to suppress the epidemic situation. This article reports a pilot study of comprehensive measures, including health education and risk communication, weed removal, livestock management, and tick control, to prevent this emerging disease in an endemic region of China. The density of ticks decreased dramatically month by month after acaricides were sprayed in the areas surrounding recreational and agricultural settings. The number of SFTS cases and villages involved declined in the years after the integrated measures were applied. Comprehensive measures, especially community-based tick control, may be a promising means of preventing SFTS in endemic regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most aggressive type of lung carcinoma with high metastatic potential and chemoresistance upon relapse. Cancer cells remodel the existing metabolic pathways for their benefits and the perturbations in cellular metabolism are the hallmark of cancer. However, the extent of these changes remains largely unknown for SCLC.Materials and methods: We characterized the metabolic perturbations in SCLC cells (SCLCC) by metabolomics. Large-scale correlation analysis was performed between metabolites. Targeted proteomics and gene expression analysis were employed to investigate the changes of key enzymes and genes in the disturbed pathways.Results: We found dramatic decrease of metabolite–metabolite correlations in SCLCC compared with normal control cells and non-small cell lung cancer cells. Pathway analysis revealed that the loss of correlations was associated with the alternations of fatty acid oxidation, urea cycle, and purine salvage pathway in SCLCC. Targeted proteomics and gene expression analysis confirmed significant changes of the expression for the key enzymes and genes in the pathways in SCLCC including the upregulation of carbamoyl phosphate synthase 1 (urea cycle) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (fatty acid oxidation), and the downregulation of hypoxanthine–guanine phosphoribosyltransferase and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase in purine salvage pathway.Conclusion: We demonstrated the loss of metabolite–metabolite correlations in SCLCC associated with the upregulation of fatty acid oxidation and urea cycle and the downregulation of purine salvage pathways. Our findings provide insights into the metabolic reprogramming in SCLCC and highlight the potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of SCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cross-teaching based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Transformer has been successful in semi-supervised learning; however, the information interaction between local and global relations ignores the semantic features of the medium scale, and at the same time, the information in the process of feature coding is not fully utilized. To solve these problems, we proposed a new semi-supervised segmentation network. Based on the principle of complementary modeling information of different kernel convolutions, we design a dual CNN cross-supervised network with different kernel sizes under cross-teaching. We introduce global feature contrastive learning and generate contrast samples with the help of dual CNN architecture to make efficient use of coding features. We conducted plenty of experiments on the Automated Cardiac Diagnosis Challenge (ACDC) dataset to evaluate our approach. Our method achieves an average Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) of 87.2% and Hausdorff distance ( H D 95 ) of 6.1 mm on 10% labeled data, which is significantly improved compared with many current popular models. Supervised learning is performed on the labeled data, and dual CNN cross-teaching supervised learning is performed on the unlabeled data. All data would be mapped by the two CNNs to generate features, which are used for contrastive learning to optimize the parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead (Pb) contamination of residential soils in United States is attributed to use of Pb based paints prior to 1978 and their deterioration and accumulation in surface soils. Exposure to Pb due to ingestion and inhalation of Pb laden soil and dust causes neurological disorders, renal disorders, developmental and behavioral problems, particularly in children under the age of six. Vetiver grass is one of the leading choices for Pb remediation due to its ability to hyperaccumulate Pb, in addition to high biomass. In order to understand the effect of Pb on vetiver metabolic pathways, we compared the global metabolic changes in vetiver with that of maize, a Pb susceptible plant under Pb stress. Vetiver showed massive increase in levels of key metabolites in response to Pb, including amino acids, organic acids and coenzymes. Maize showed very modest increase in some of the same metabolites, and no change in others. The results provide the first indication of the difference in metabolic response of the hyperaccumulator, vetiver to lead stress as compared to maize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitamins are essential molecules required for human metabolism such as energy production, immune system and cell formation. Accurate vitamin analysis is critical for disease diagnosis, nutrients assessment, as well as food and drug production. This review gives an overview of the recent developments in the use of capillary electrophoresis combined with different detection techniques for the analysis of vitamins. The period covers mid-2007 until mid-2017. Different separation modes are discussed for the analysis of water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins. On-line sample concentration for sensitive analysis is also described. The applications include the analysis of pharmaceutical, dietary supplement and biological samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Metabolomics is a powerful emerging technology for studying the systems biology and chemistry of health and disease. Current targeted methods are often limited by the number of analytes that can be measured, and/or require multiple injections. Methods: We developed a single-injection, targeted broad-spectrum plasma metabolomic method on a SCIEX Qtrap 5500 LC-ESI-MS/MS platform. Analytical validation was conducted for the reproducibility, linearity, carryover and blood collection tube effects. The method was also clinically validated for its potential utility in the diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) using a cohort of 22 males CFS and 18 age- and sex-matched controls. Results: Optimization of LC conditions and MS/MS parameters enabled the measurement of 610 key metabolites from 63 biochemical pathways and 95 stable isotope standards in a 45-minute HILIC method using a single injection without sacrificing sensitivity. The total imprecision (CV) of peak area was 12% for both the control and CFS pools. The 8 metabolites selected in our previous study (PMID: 27573827) performed well in a clinical validation analysis even when the case and control samples were analyzed 1.5 years later on a different instrument by a different investigator, yielding a diagnostic accuracy of 95% (95% CI 85-100%) measured by the area under the ROC curve. Conclusions: A reliable and reproducible, broad-spectrum, targeted metabolomic method was developed, capable of measuring over 600 metabolites in plasma in a single injection. The method might be a useful tool in helping the diagnosis of CFS or other complex diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) demonstrate photoresponse. However, little is known about the biological significance of this behaviour. Magnetosomes exhibit peroxidase-like activity and can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). Magnetosomes extracted from the Magnetospirillum magneticum strain AMB-1 show enhanced peroxidase-like activity under illumination. The present study investigated the effects of light irradiation on nonmagnetic (without magnetosomes) and magnetic (with magnetosomes) AMB-1 cells. Results showed that light irradiation did not affect the growth of nonmagnetic and magnetic cells but significantly increased magnetosome synthesis and reduced intracellular ROS level in magnetic cells. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to analyse the expression level of magnetosome formation-associated genes ( mamA, mms6, mms13 and mmsF) and stress-related genes ( recA, oxyR, SOD, amb0664 and amb2684). Results showed that light irradiation upregulated the expression of mms6, mms13 and mmsF. Furthermore, light irradiation upregulated the expression of stress-related genes in nonmagnetic cells but downregulated them in magnetic cells. Additionally, magnetic cells exhibited stronger phototactic behaviour than nonmagnetic ones. These results suggested that light irradiation could heighten the ability of MTB to eliminate intracellular ROS and help them adapt to lighted environments. This phenomenon may be related to the enhanced peroxidase-like activity of magnetosomes under light irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schizothorax prenanti ( S. prenanti ) is a second-class provincial protected endemic fish within the upper reaches of the Min River. The spawning season of S. prenanti extends from March to April. Habitat alteration and the construction of multistage dams have resulted in a rapid decline of the S. prenanti population. To assess the potential effects of a reduced flow volume on the S. prenanti spawning habitat area in downstream of dams, we combined River 2D and a habitat similarity evaluation model through the following steps. First, we conducted surveys of S. prenanti and the substrate composition in a natural habitat reach and a hydropower-affected reach. Second, hydraulic simulations were performed over a range of flows using River 2D. Third, vague sets of habitat variables were individually defined based on multi-expert opinions. Fourth, we estimated the weighted similarity of the S. prenanti spawning habitat using input variables (water depth, velocity) from River 2D. Fifth, we verified the model with S. prenanti survey data. Hydraulic simulations for velocity and depth yielded accuracies of approximately 84–97% and 81–98%, respectively. The weighted similarity simulations showed that weighted similarity increased with the flow up to a threshold range of approximately 130–150 m 3 /s; beyond this range, the weighted similarity decreased. The weighted similarity in the natural habitat reach was higher than in the restored reach at the same flow volume due to geography. The habitat similarity model provides restoration targets and thresholds for decision makers to develop a proactive conservation strategy for wetland management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Total dissolved gas ( TDG) supersaturation generated in the river may result in gas bubble disease to Chinese sucker ( Myxocyprinus asiaticus Bleeker) and cause their mortality. To assess the effects of TDG supersaturation on Chinese suckers in laboratory, juvenile fish were exposed to different levels of TDG supersaturated water. All of the fish died when the TDG saturation reached and exceeded 125%, but none died at TDG of 120% saturation in 96 h. To evaluate the effects of intermittent exposure of TDG supersaturation, Chinese suckers were exposed to TDG of 130% for a specific duration and then provided a recovery period at 100% saturation. The results showed that some remission is possible for intermittent exposure. Because of the characteristics of natural rivers, experiments exploring the TDG supersaturation detection and avoidance abilities of Chinese suckers were conducted and demonstrated the fish can avoid TDG supersaturation in both the horizontal and vertical directions when higher TDG levels were available. The results indicate the tolerance threshold of juvenile Chinese suckers is a TDG level of 120% saturation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interleaved DC–DC converters have significant advantages in improving the capability of power converters, and coupling the filtering inductor of the converter could further increase the power density. However, existing modeling and controller designs are complex and require multiple sensors to be involved in the control, which is not conducive to engineering implementation and reducing production costs. In view of this problem, taking a two-phase interleaved boost converter with a coupled inductor as an example, the small-signal models of the converter are derived for the resistive load and constant voltage source load using the state averaging method. The total inductor current is engaged in the control as a feedback signal, avoiding the coupling effect of the inductor on increasing the complexity of the controller. Based on this, a double closed-loop controller is designed, and a prototype of the two-phase interleaved boost converter with coupled inductor is built. Only one current sensor and one voltage sensor are required to participate in the control. The effectiveness of the analysis and design in this paper are verified by experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetosomes are intracellular structures produced by magnetotactic bacteria and are magnetic nanoparticles surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Magnetosomes reportedly possess intrinsic enzyme mimetic activity similar to that found in horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and can scavenge reactive oxygen species depending on peroxidase activity. Our previous study has demonstrated the phototaxis characteristics of Magnetospirillum magneticum strain AMB-1 cells, but the mechanism is not well understood. Therefore, we studied the relationship between visible-light irradiation and peroxidase-like activity of magnetosomes extracted from M. magneticum strain AMB-1. We then compared this characteristic with that of HRP, iron ions, and naked magnetosomes using 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine as a peroxidase substrate in the presence of H 2 O 2 . Results showed that HRP and iron ions had different activities from those of magnetosomes and naked magnetosomes when exposed to visible-light irradiation. Magnetosomes and naked magnetosomes had enhanced peroxidase-like activities under visible-light irradiation, but magnetosomes showed less affinity toward substrates than naked magnetosomes under visible-light irradiation. These results suggested that the peroxidase-like activity of magnetosomes may follow an ordered ternary mechanism rather than a ping–pong mechanism. This finding may provide new insight into the function of magnetosomes in the phototaxis in magnetotactic bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emissions at 2.7 μm from telluride glasses with various Er 2 O 3 doping concentrations are investigated. The prepared glasses have excellent thermostability and high rare-earth solubility. Judd–Ofelt parameters are calculated based on the absorption spectra. A large emission cross section (1.12 × 10 −20 cm 2 ) and a high spontaneous radiative coefficient (57.8 s −1 ) are obtained at 2.7 μm. The fluorescence properties of glasses with different concentrations are analyzed and presented. An Er 3+ -doped fiber is fabricated via a rod-in-tube technique, and the loss at 1310 nm is ∼2.1 dB/m measured by using the cut-back method. Strong upconversion emission caused by intense pump absorption is observed from the Er 3+ doped fiber under excitation by a 980 nm laser diode (LD). Telluride glasses with high Er 3+ doping concentration and good thermal property are prepared. Energy transfer processes for 1.5 μm, and 2.7 μm, as well as visible emission are fully discussed. Enhanced 2.7 μm emission is achieved from the bulk glass. An Er 3+ doped fiber is successfully drawn, and strong upconversion emission is observed in the fiber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The Fe–6.5wt.%Si alloy powders were prepared by high-pressure gas atomization in which the nucleation ability of the melt varied with the different purities of the raw materials and experimental conditions. The results indicated that the number of heterogeneous cores has a substantial effect on the grain size of the larger atomized powder particles, i.e. the more heterogeneous cores that are contained in the melt, the smaller the grain size of the atomized powder particles will be. However, the above effect became less significant when the powder particle size decreased. When the particle size was less than a certain critical value, single-crystal particles were formed. In addition to this, it was seen that the effect of the heterogeneous core number on the secondary dendrite arm spacing was fairly insignificant. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background and purpose: Ki-67 labeling index (LI) is an important indicator of tumor cell proliferation in glioma, which can only be obtained by postoperative biopsy at present. This study aimed to explore the correlation between Ki-67 LI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) parameters and to predict the level of Ki-67 LI noninvasively before surgery by multiple MRI characteristics. Methods: Preoperative MRI data of 166 patients with pathologically confirmed glioma in our hospital from 2016 to 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The cut-off point of Ki-67 LI for glioma grading was defined. The differences in MRI characteristics were compared between the low and high Ki-67 LI groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to estimate the accuracy of each ADC parameter in predicting the Ki-67 level, and finally a multivariate logistic regression model was constructed based on the results of ROC analysis. Results: ADCmin, ADCmean, rADCmin, rADCmean and Ki-67 LI showed a negative correlation (r = − 0.478, r = − 0.369, r = − 0.488, r = − 0.388, all P < 0.001). The Ki-67 LI of low-grade gliomas (LGGs) was different from that of high-grade gliomas (HGGs), and the cut-off point of Ki-67 LI for distinguishing LGGs from HGGs was 9.5%, with an area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of 0.962 (95%CI 0.933–0.990). The ADC parameters in the high Ki-67 group were significantly lower than those in the low Ki-67 group (all P < 0.05). The peritumoral edema (PTE) of gliomas in the high Ki-67 LI group was higher than that in the low Ki-67 LI group (P < 0.05). The AUROC of Ki-67 LI level assessed by the multivariate logistic regression model was 0.800 (95%CI 0.721–0.879). Conclusions: There was a negative correlation between ADC parameters and Ki-67 LI, and the multivariate logistic regression model combined with peritumoral edema and ADC parameters could improve the prediction ability of Ki-67 LI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Tm2O3-doped multi-component silicate glasses without alkali ions are prepared using a conventional melt quenching method. The Judd–Ofelt theory is applied to calculate the intensity parameters of the resultant glass. The intensity parameters of silicate glasses without alkali ions are larger than those of silicate glasses with alkali ions. The spontaneous radiation probability of the transition from 3F4 to 3H6 of glasses without alkali ions is 191.89s−1, which is larger than that of glasses with alkali ions. Moreover, the measured lifetime of the 3F4 energy level of glasses is larger too. Emission cross section results show a maximum value 3.89×10−21 cm2 at 1882nm. These findings indicate that the glass in this study can be used to realize ~2μm lasers. The effect of variations in Tm2O2 concentration on the emission properties is also studied. Cross-relaxation and emission intensity enhance with increasing Tm2O3 content. However, the lifetime of the 3F4 level decreases because of concentration quenching. The influence of OH groups on the emission properties is also investigated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Pseudomonas sp. TLC6-6.5-4 is a multiple metal resistant plant growth-promoting bacteria isolated from copper-contaminated lake sediments. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of genes involved in copper resistance was performed by generating a library of transposon ( Tn5) mutants. Two copper-sensitive mutants with significant reduction in copper resistance were identified: CSM1, a mutant disrupted in trpA gene (tryptophan synthase alpha subunit), and CSM2, a mutant disrupted in clpA gene ( ATP-dependent Clp protease). Proteomic and metabolomic analyses were performed to identify biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in copper resistance using CSM2 due to its lower minimum inhibitory concentration compared with CSM1 and the wild type. Proteomic analysis revealed that disruption of Clp protease gene up-regulated molecular chaperones and down-regulated the expression of enzymes related to tRNA modification, whereas metabolomic analysis showed that amino acid and oligosaccharide transporters that are part of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters pathways were down-regulated. Further, copper stress altered metabolic pathways including the tricarboxylic acid cycle, protein absorption and glyoxylate metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the labeling cost of object detection for medical images is very high, semi-supervised learning methods for medical images are investigated. In this paper, semi-supervised fine-grained object detection framework with transformer module (SFOD-Trans) is proposed for hepatic portal vein detection. It adopts Sparse R-CNN as the backbone. In detection model, the transformer module is introduced and contrastive loss is added to improve the performance of fine-grained object detection. In order to complete the information transfer both of labeled and unlabeled pictures, a new fusion module named normalized ROI fusion (NRF) is designed based on the characteristics of hepatic portal vein. We run a large number of experiments on a dataset of 1000 real CT scans. The results show that Average Precision (AP) and Average Recall (AR) of the proposed method reach 0.773 and 0.831 respectively with the 300 labeled and 1500 unlabeled samples. An overview of semi-supervised fine-grained object detection framework with transformer module (SFOD-Trans). There are two parallel branches to train supervised loss and semi-supervised loss respectively [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Tm3+-doped and Tm3+/Yb3+-codoped TeO2–ZnO–Bi2O3 (TZB) glasses are prepared by melt-quenching method. The Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters (Ω t t =2, 4, 6), radiative transition rate, and radiative lifetime of Tm3+ are calculated based on the absorption spectra. The 1.8μm emission of the samples is investigated under 980nm laser excitation. The absorption, emission cross-sections, and gain coefficient of Tm3+:3F4 → 3H6 are calculated. The energy transfer processes of Yb3+–Yb3+ and Yb3+–Tm3+ are analyzed, the results show that the Yb3+ ions can transfer their energy to Tm3+ ions with large energy transfer coefficient, and a maximum efficiency of 79%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Naturally occurring bacteria play an important role in bioremediation of heavy metal pollutants in soil and wastewater. This study identified high levels of resistance to zinc, cesium, lead, arsenate and mercury in eight copper resistant Pseudomonas strains previously isolated from Torch Lake sediment. These strains showed variable susceptibility to different antibiotics. Furthermore, these metal resistant strains were capable of bioaccumulation of multiple metals and solubilization of copper. Bacterial strains TLC 3-3.5-1 and TLC 6-6.5-1 showed high bioaccumulation ability of Zn (up to 15.9mg/g dry cell) and Pb (80.7mg/g dry cell), respectively. All the strains produced plant growth promoting indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), iron chelating siderophore and solubilized mineral phosphate and metals. The effect of bacterial inoculation on plant growth and copper uptake by maize (Zea mays) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) was investigated using one of the isolates (Pseudomonas sp. TLC 6-6.5-4) with higher IAA production and phosphate and metal soubilization, which resulted in a significant increase in copper accumulation in maize and sunflower, and an increase in the total biomass of maize. The multiple metal-resistant bacterial isolates characterized in our study have potential applications for remediation of metal contaminated soils in combination with plants and metal contaminated water. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this work, we report near infrared emission spectra of Er3+–Tm3+ co-doped Bi2O3–GeO2–Na2O (BGN) glasses with the excitation of 800nm laser. A broad emission extending from 1300 to 1650nm with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of ∼160nm is obtained in a 1.0wt% Tm2O3 and 0.3wt% Er2O3 co-doped BGN glass. The energy transfer processes between Tm3+ and Er3+ in BGN glasses are analyzed in detail. The temperature dependence of the broadband emission spectra in Er3+–Tm3+ co-doped BGN glass is also studied. The present work indicates that Er3+–Tm3+ co-doped BGN glasses can be promising materials for broadband light sources and broadband amplifiers for WDM transmission systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Ho3+/Yb3+ codoped lanthanum–tungsten–tellurite (TWL) glasses are prepared by melt-quenching method. The Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters (Ωt t =2, 4, 6), radiative transition rates, radiative lifetimes, and branching ratios of Ho3+ are calculated based on the absorption spectrum to evaluate the spectroscopic properties of Ho3+ in TWL glass. The mid-infrared emission of the samples are investigated under the excitation of 980nm LD. The absorption, emission cross-sections and gain coefficient of Ho3+:5I7 → 5I8 are calculated. The energy transfer processes of Yb3+–Yb3+ and Yb3+–Ho3+ are analyzed, the results show that the Yb3+ ions can transfer their energy to Ho3+ ions with large energy transfer coefficient, and a maximum efficiency of 84%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this work, we report the infrared emission properties of Tm3+/Ho3+ co-doped TeO2–WO3–La2O3 (TWL) glass under 808 nm laser excitation. A broad and flat emission from 1600 to 2200 nm corresponding to the Tm3+ (3F4→3H6) and Ho3+ (5I7→5I8) emissions is observed. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of this broadband increases up to a value of ∼370 nm with an optimal [Tm3+]/[Ho3+] concentration ratio. The energy transfer processes of Tm3+↔Ho3+ are analyzed and the results show that energy transfer between Tm3+ and Ho3+ plays an important role in the luminescence mechanism. The OH− influence on the broadband emission is also discussed. These results indicate that Tm3+–Ho3+ co-doped TWL glass could be a promising material for widely tunable laser or broadband amplifier applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Tm3+/Yb3+-codoped lanthanum tungsten tellurite (TWL) glasses are prepared by melt-quenching method and the thermal stability of the glasses is analyzed. To evaluate the spectroscopic properties of Tm3+ in TWL glass, the Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters (Ω t t =2, 4, 6), radiative transition rates, radiative lifetimes, and branching ratios of Tm3+ are calculated based on the absorption spectrum. The 1.8μm emission of the samples are investigated under the excitation of 980nm LD. Large product of emission cross-section and lifetime (σ em τ R) of Tm3+: 3F4 → 3H6 is obtained, and the maximum gain coefficient at around 1835nm is 3.6cm−1. The energy transfer processes of Yb3+–Yb3+ and Yb3+–Tm3+ are analyzed, the results show that the Yb3+ ions can transfer their energy to Tm3+ ions with a large energy transfer coefficient, and a maximum efficiency of 89%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The survival of aquatic biota in different life history stages depends on food availability, water quantity and specific hydrological conditions, and is particularly susceptible in degraded rivers due to the development of hydropower or are sensitive to climate change. Habitats with limited food availability and restricted feeding opportunities can strongly affect the habitat carrying capacity and fish growth with consequences for spawning. Few environmental flow regime frameworks are available that closely link bait and feeding opportunities to fish foraging habitat. In addition, river restoration has been widely implemented to resolve the conflict between ecological demand and power generation benefits. Nevertheless, whether in-stream structures are still suitable for the joint operation of foraging and spawning habitats remains unclear. In this study, a framework to integrate the requirements of both spawning and foraging habitats into environmental flow regime assessments was proposed by coupling the bait supply, fish spawning and fish feeding opportunities. Here, we used the Batang Reservoir, located in the Tibetan Plateau, as an example to determine the environmental flow regimes. The environmental flow regimes during Periods I, II and III for the conservation of the life history stages of Schizothorax dolichonem were determined, which provided high-quality food and was beneficial for increasing the probability of restoration success. After the implementation of measures, the ecological base flow rate decreased from 171.80 m3/s, 206.00 m3/s and 257.70 m3/s to 138.00 m3/s, 206.00 m3/s and 206.00 m3/s in Periods I, II and III, respectively. We concluded that traditional river restoration with the use of in-stream structures is still suitable for the joint operation of spawning and foraging habitats, but the design selection and placement of in-stream structures should be preoptimized. The framework proposed will help managers evaluate habitat conservation to protect degraded rivers or help develop strategies to build resilience to climate change. Unlabelled Image • The demand for foraging habitat restoration was brought into the calculation of ecological base flow. • An environment flow assessment framework coupling the bait supply, fish spawning and fish feeding opportunities was developed. • River restoration with the use of in-stream structures is still suitable for the joint operation of spawning and foraging habitats. • The novel framework combined with in-stream structures improved restoration success and alleviated the conflicts of water resource benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared to the equiatomic or near-equiatomic NiTinol alloys, Ni-rich NiTi alloys are suitable to be employed in structural applications as they exhibit higher hardness and are dimensionally stable. This research aimed to process two different grades of Ni-rich NiTi alloys, 58NiTi and 60NiTi, from Ni–Ti powder mixtures having about 58 wt.% and 60 wt.% Ni, respectively. This was performed by a laser powder bed fusion technique. At the first stage of this research, the printability of the used powder mixtures was investigated by applying different sets of printing parameters. Two appropriate sets were then selected to print the samples. Microstructural study of the printed parts revealed the existence of inhomogeneity in the microstructures. In addition, depending on the applied set of parameters, some amounts of cracks and pores were also present in the microstructure of these parts. Postprinting hot isostatic pressing procedures, performed at different temperatures, were developed to cause the reaction of phases, homogenize the parts, and possibly eliminate the existing flaws from the samples. Effects of these applied treatments on the microstructure, phase composition, density, dimensional integrity, and hardness of parts were sequentially studied. In essence, 58NiTi and 60NiTi parts having phase compositions complying with those of the equilibrium phase diagram were obtained in this research. However, the mentioned cracks and pores, formed in the microstructure of as-printed parts, could not be fully removed by postprocessing treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classical metabolomic and new metabolic network methods were used to study the developmental features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in newborns (n = 205) and 5-year-old children (n = 53). Eighty percent of the metabolic impact in ASD was caused by 14 shared biochemical pathways that led to decreased anti-inflammatory and antioxidant defenses, and to increased physiologic stress molecules like lactate, glycerol, cholesterol, and ceramides. CIRCOS plots and a new metabolic network parameter, V ° net, revealed differences in both the kind and degree of network connectivity. Of 50 biochemical pathways and 450 polar and lipid metabolites examined, the developmental regulation of the purine network was most changed. Purine network hub analysis revealed a 17-fold reversal in typically developing children. This purine network reversal did not occur in ASD. These results revealed previously unknown metabolic phenotypes, identified new developmental states of the metabolic correlation network, and underscored the role of mitochondrial functional changes, purine metabolism, and purinergic signaling in autism spectrum disorder. Developmental changes from birth to 5-years in ASD were associated with a normal physiologic response to chronic excitatory, ATP-related signaling. An inhibitory reversal in this network occurred during typical development that did not occur in ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For shallow lakes, the water exchange process is a crucial factor that affects lake eutrophication, which can be solved by a water diversion project (WDP). However, the water exchange process in shallow lakes is complex and affected by hydrological characteristics (the water level and inflow stream) and external forcing (the wind field). It is of profound significance to evaluate the process of lake water exchange by combining dynamic and static methods. In this study, for hydrological characterization, a Morlet wavelet analysis was used for the periodic analysis of 24-year water level data. The monthly discharge of the main rivers over three hydrological years was calculated by a hydrological frequency curve and water balance theory. The external wind field was studied by the wind sheltering coefficient to simulate an uneven distribution. The water age model and particle tracking model were coupled to explore the water exchange process of Dianchi Lake with the influence of two major WDPs. The results show that in each scenario, the distribution of the water age presents a radial distribution and decreases in age from the centre of the lake to the shore, and the largest proportion of the oldest water occurs without exception at the centre of Dianchi Lake. Moreover, the water mass in Dianchi Lake generally circulates counter clockwise around a circle of a fixed size. When the Niulanjiang Water Diversion Project (NWDP) and the Dianzhong Water Diversion Project (DWDP) are combined for water diversion, the annual water diversion volume accounts for 76% of the lake water volume, which can reduce the water age of the lake centre by 38%–52%. Unlabelled Image • Time series rules of two hydrological characteristics were revealed in Dianchi Lake. • Wind field has an important influence on the shallow lake water exchange process. • The static water age and dynamic particle tracking complement one another. • WDPs effectively increase the shallow lake water exchange process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water resources in pinnate drainage patterns is a major problem worldwide. As scattered components of water conservancy projects, systems of canals and groups of reservoirs in a basin can redistribute water resources in time and space to solve problems. This redistribution effectively avoids the environmental impact inherent in centralized water conservancy projects. In this study, we focused on a network of 88 reservoirs and 675 km of canals in a basin with a pinnate drainage pattern. The discharge of the trunk stream in the basin was calculated in natural, present and forecasted conditions based on the hydrological frequency curve. Then, the hydrodynamics of the trunk stream were simulated by the HEC-RAS model. Furthermore, we analysed the temporal and spatial distribution of water resources in five zones in the basin by Morlet wavelet analysis to determine the balance between water supply and demand. The results demonstrated that the river catchment in the basin changed periodically over periods of 1 year, 8 years and 18 years, as affected by the reservoir groups. The canal system played a major role in water resource transport in the five zones in the basin. The joint action of the reservoir group and canal system reduced the gap between the supply and demand water balance from 27.11% to 0.89%. This study focused on the influence of decentralized water conservancy projects on the spatial and temporal distribution of water resources and provides ideas for solving the problem of water resource allocation in the studied basin. Unlabelled Image • Study the water resources in different zones of pinnate drainage pattern • Reflect hydrodynamic characteristics of the trunk stream of pinnate drainage pattern • Reveal spatial redistribution of water resources affected by canal system • Reveal temporal redistribution of water resources affected by reservoir group [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co–Cr based alloys are recognized as one of the most widely used category of alloys amongst the biomedical materials. This is because these alloys show a high strength, corrosion resistance and good biocompatibility suitable for biomedical applications. Many researchers have been focused on the processing of these alloys using a selective laser melting process. The effects of different processing parameters on the obtained microstructural and mechanical properties of the processed parts have been investigated in these studies. However, the effect of powder distribution size (powder granulometry), as a primary processing parameter, on the microstructural and mechanical properties of Co–Cr alloys is not well investigated and studied so far. This study investigated the influence of this parameter, by using powders with the same composition and morphology but a different particle size of coarse and fine, on the microstructural and mechanical properties of as-built, homogenizing heat treated and homogenizing heat treated followed by subsequent aging treatment SLM fabricated Co28Cr9W1.5Si (wt.%) samples. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize and identify the microstructure, phase composition and crystallographic information of the manufactured samples. Besides, the mechanical properties of samples, processed using powders having different size distributions, were measured using a tensile test machine and results were correlated to the microstructure of the samples. It was concluded that the powder granulometry has a negligible effect on the microstructural and mechanical properties of the as-built SLM Co–Cr–W–Si parts but a remarkable influence on those of the heat-treated ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a sulfuric discharge containing metals and particulates that can spread to nearby water sources, imposing toxicity and physical stress to living things. We have shown that vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides) is capable of tolerating and treating AMD-impacted water from the abandoned Tab-Simco mining site from southern Illinois, though little is known about its tolerance mechanisms. We conducted metabolomic analyses of vetiver shoots and roots after relatively short- and long-term periods of exposure to Tab-Simco AMD. The metabolic shift of vetiver shoots was dramatic with longer-term AMD exposure, including upregulation of amino acid and glutathione metabolism, cellular respiration and photosynthesis pathways, with downregulation of phosphorylated metabolites. Meanwhile, the roots demonstrated drastic downregulation of phospholipids and phosphorylated metabolites, cellular respiration, glyoxylate metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. Vetiver accumulated ornithine and oxaloacetate in the shoots, which could function for nitrogen storage and various intracellular functions, respectively. Organic acids and glutathione were secreted from the roots for rhizospheric metal-chelation, whereas phosphorylated metabolites were recycled for phosphorus. These findings reveal AMD-induced metabolic shifts in vetiver grass, which are seemingly unique in comparison to independent abiotic stresses reported previously. Image 1 • Exposure to AMD lead to differential metabolic shift in vetiver root and shoot. • Combined abiotic stress from AMD lead to nutrient derivation and oxidative stress. • Shoot displayed increased amino acid, glutathione, TCA and urea cycle metabolism. • Root showed downregulation of amino acid, nucleic acid and glyoxylate metabolism. • Downregulation of phosphorylated metabolites was observed in both root and shoot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the interfacial bond performances between ordinary Portland cement concrete (OPCC) and self-compacting geopolymer concrete (SCGC). The studied factors include nano-SiO 2 , repair material type, curing time, casting direction, and interface pretreatment method. The interfacial bond performances were assessed by Bi-surface shear and drying shrinkage tests. The evolutions in elemental compositions, hydration products, and microstructure in the matrix and interface were verified by BSE/EDS, XRD, and FTIR tests, respectively. ANOVA analysis was conducted to quantitatively analyze the influences of each factor from a statistical approach. The results demonstrated that the bond strength of SCGC increased by 24.5% to 31.7% compared to conventional OPCC. Meanwhile, geopolymers exhibited more compact microstructures but higher drying shrinkage (ε sh,u =891 µε). While nanofillers significantly amplified the cracking potential of geopolymers, which was attributed to the higher early-stage autogenous shrinkage instead of drying shrinkage. The SCGC showed a high enrichment degree of calcium at the interface, indicating that more calcium-rich products were formed. In contrast, the use of nano-SiO 2 in SCGC caused the enrichment of Na, Al, and Si at the interfacial regions, which provided extra nucleation sites for the polymerization of (C, N)-A-S-H gels. The nano-SiO 2 enhanced the intensity of the hydroxide ion and Si-O-T band and promoted the formation of (C, N)-A-S-H gels. The ANOVA analysis proved that the repair material, nano-SiO 2 , and interface treatment were significant factors to affect the interfacial bond strength. In addition, geopolymer-based repair materials were less sensitive to the casting direction, which differed from the conventional self-compacting OPCC. [Display omitted] • Geopolymer concrete at the same strength grade has 25-30% higher bond strength than conventional OPCC. • Nanofillers amplified the cracking potential of geopolymers due to higher early-stage autogenous shrinkage. • nano-SiO 2 in SCGC caused the enrichment of Na, Al, and Si at the interfacial regions. • geopolymer-based repair materials were less sensitive to the casting direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A vehicle detection algorithm is an indispensable component of intelligent traffic management and control systems, influencing the efficiency and functionality of the system. In this paper, we propose a lightweight improvement method for the YOLOv5 algorithm based on integrated perceptual attention, with few parameters and high detection accuracy. First, we propose a lightweight module IPA with a Transformer encoder based on integrated perceptual attention, which leads to a reduction in the number of parameters while capturing global dependencies for richer contextual information. Second, we propose a lightweight and efficient multiscale spatial channel reconstruction (MSCCR) module that does not increase parameter and computational complexity and facilitates representative feature learning. Finally, we incorporate the IPA module and the MSCCR module into the YOLOv5s backbone network to reduce model parameters and improve accuracy. The test results show that, compared with the original model, the model parameters decrease by about 9%, the average accuracy (mAP@50) increases by 3.1%, and the FLOPS does not increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• IL-35 release in clinical ARDS but reduced in non-survivor, suggesting anti-inflammatory potential of IL-35 in clinical ARDS. • Recombinant IL-35 treatment could improve survival in experimental ARDS. • Its protective effect is promoting differentiation of Helios+Foxp3+Tregs to improve uncontrolled inflammation in ARDS. • IL-35 could be a novel cytokine-targeted for the regulation of T cell differentiation in ARDS development. Regulatory T lymphocytes are important targets for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). IL-35 is a newly identified IL-12 cytokine family member that plays an important protective role in a variety of immune system diseases by regulating Treg cell differentiation; however, the role of IL-35 in the pathogenesis of ARDS is still unclear. Here, we found that IL-35 was significantly elevated in adult patients with ARDS compared to controls. Additionally, IL-35 was positively and significantly correlated with IL-6, IL-10 and the oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2 ratio) but negatively correlated with TNF-α, IL-1β and APACHE II score during ARDS. Moreover, the proportion of Treg/CD4+ cells in the peripheral blood of ARDS patients and the expression of NF-κB in PMBCs were significantly higher than in healthy individuals. Recombinant IL-35 improved survival in a murine model of CLP-induced ARDS. Additionally, IL-35 administration decreased the inflammatory response, as reflected by lower levels of cytokines (including IL-2, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and less lung damage in CLP-induced ARDS. Furthermore, recombinant IL-35 reduced the apoptosis of lung tissue and the expression of NF-κB signalling in a CLP-induced ARDS model and increased the proportion of Treg cells in spleen and peripheral blood. In vitro experiments revealed that IL-35 can affect the phosphorylation of STAT5 during differentiation of naïve CD4+ T lymphocytes into Foxp3+Helios+ Tregs. Our findings suggest that IL-35 attenuates ARDS by promoting the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into Foxp3+Helios+ Tregs, thereby providing a novel tool for anti-ARDS therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the pose change of the face test sample is the main reason that affects the accuracy of face recognition, and the design of cross-pose recognition algorithm is a technical problem to be solved. In this paper, a cross-pose face recognition algorithm which integrates the regression iterative method and the interactive subspace method was proposed, and through the regression iteration, the target function converges rapidly and important characteristics of the sample were extracted. Then, the posture of cross-pose face image was estimated, and finally, the interactive subspace method was applied to judge the similarity of the human face. The experimental results of FERET face database (± 45°and ± 90° posture) and MIT-CBCL face database (N-fold cross-validation) showed that the proposed RIM-ISM algorithm had a higher recognition rate and robustness, and it could effectively solve the difficulty of cross-pose face recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to identify the specimen type that has high positivity and its proper sampling time for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing to promote diagnostic efficiency. All SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis in Zhoushan City were followed up for viral shedding in respiratory tract specimens and faecal samples. Positivity was analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively by proper statistical approaches with strong testing power. Viral shedding in respiratory tract and faecal specimens was prolonged to 45 and 40 days after the last exposure, respectively. The overall positive rate in respiratory tract specimens was low and relatively unstable, being higher in the early-to-mid stage than in the mid-to-late stage of the disease course. Compared with respiratory tract specimens, faecal samples had a higher viral load, higher overall positive rate, and more stable positivity in different disease courses and varied symptomatic status. Faecal specimens have the potential ability to surpass respiratory tract specimens in virus detection. Testing of faecal specimens in diagnosis, especially for identifying asymptomatic carriers, is recommended. Simultaneously, testing respiratory tract specimens at the early-to-mid stage is better than testing at the mid-to-late stage of the disease course. A relatively small sample size was noted, and statistical approaches were used to address it. Information was missing for both specimen types at different stages of the disease course due to censored data. Our research extends the observed viral shedding in both specimen types and highlights the importance of faecal specimen testing in SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. Healthcare workers, patients, and the general public may all benefit from our study findings. Disposal of sewage from hospitals and residential areas should be performed cautiously because the virus sheds in faeces and can last for a long time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]