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Oxadiazole is a five-membered heterocyclic compound containing two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The 1,3,4-oxadiazole and 1,2,4-oxadiazole have favourable physical, chemical, and pharmacokinetic properties, which significantly increase their pharmacological activity via hydrogen bond interactions with biomacromolecules. In recent years, oxadiazole has been demonstrated to be the biologically active unit in a number of compounds. Oxadiazole derivatives exhibit antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tuberculous, anti-fungal, anti-diabetic and anticancer activities. In this paper, we report a series of compounds containing oxadiazole rings that have been published in the last three years only (2020–2022) as there was no report or their activities described in any article in 2019, which will be useful to scientists in research fields of organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, and pharmacology.

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between processed food pattern and the risk of depression during pregnancy and the role of inflammation-related diseases on the association. MethodsTotally 6 313 pregnant women at 18 – 27 weeks of gestation were recruited in clinics of 3 hospitals in Hefei city, Anhui province from March 2015 through June 2020. An interview was conducted at the enrollment and two follow-up surveys were carried out at 32 – 36 weeks of gestation and at the delivery. A self-designed questionnaire, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)，and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) were used to collect information on demographics, frequency of food consumption, and diseases/depression. Exploratory factor analysis was adopted to discriminate dietary patterns and binary logistic regression models were used to analyze associations of processed food and inflammation-related diseases with depression risk in third trimester. Results Of all the pregnant women, 13.4% (n = 844) were assessed as having severe depression at the third trimester. The pregnant women with high scores ( ≥ 75th percentile) for processed diet pattern had an increased risk of gingival bleeding, oral ulcers, vaginitis and other inflammation-related diseases (all P < 0.050). The inflammation-related disease score was positively correlated with serum leukocyte count (r = 0.066, P < 0.001). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that (1) for the pregnant women with low scores (< 75th percentile) of processed diet pattern, those suffering from inflammation-related diseases were at a significantly increased risk of mild depression (odds ratio [OR] = 1.343, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.174 – 1.536) and severe depression (OR = 1.275, 95% CI: 1.062 – 1.531) in the third trimester of pregnancy compare with the pregnant women without the diseases; (2) the pregnant women with high processed diet pattern scores but without inflammation-related diseases were at an increased risk of mild depression in the third trimester (OR = 1.417, 95% CI: 1.156 – 1.736), while no significantly increased risk of severe depression was identified (P = 0.141); (3) and the pregnant women with both high processed diet pattern scores and inflammation-related diseases were at a significantly increased risk of mild depression (OR = 1.778, 95% CI: 1.490 – 2.123) and severe depression (OR = 2.209, 95% CI: 1.766 – 2.763). Mediation analysis revealed that inflammation-related disease exerted a mediation effect on the correlation between processed diet and depression in the third trimester and the mediation effect accounted for 7.54% of the total effect. Conclusion The pregnant women with both processed diet pattern and inflammation-related disease in the second trimester could have a significantly increased risk of depression in the third trimester and processed diet may increase depression risk through promoting the incidence of inflammation-related diseases.

BackgroundEmbryonic neural development is associated with intrauterine nutritional status. However, few cohort studies estimated the relationship between maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and offspring's early neurodevelopment.ObjectiveTo examine the impact of the Mediterranean diet (MD) during pregnancy on infant neurodevelopment, including the potential mediating role of cord blood metabolites.MethodsAmong 1,471 mother–child pairs in a prospective birth cohort study in Hefei, China, we investigated the associations between maternal MD score [calculated based on a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ)] and child neurodevelopment at infancy [assessed using Ages and Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition (ASQ-3)]. The cord blood metabolic markers (including C-peptide, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides) were measured.ResultsThe MD score was negatively associated with communication domain developmental delays in infants [relative risk (RR) with 95% CI: 0.34 (0.16, 0.72)]. Compared with girls, boys born from mothers with lower MD scores during pregnancy were inclined to the failure of the communication domain [RRs with 95% CI for boys: 0.34 (0.14, 0.84); for girls: 0.26 (0.06, 1.18)]. Mediation analysis showed that the association between the maternal MD score and failure of communication domain mediated by C-peptide was 19.4% in boys but not in girls.ConclusionAdhering to the MD during pregnancy was associated with a decreased risk of poor neurodevelopment, possibly mediated by lower levels of cord blood C-peptide.

BackgroundThe relationship between vitamin D status and gestational cardiovascular health (CVH) is inconsistent in previous studies. Emerging evidence shows that sleep behaviors are related to vitamin D metabolism. However, no studies evaluate the interaction of vitamin D and sleep behaviors on gestational CVH.ObjectiveWe aimed to estimate the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and gestational CVH, and whether the relationship was modified by sleep behaviors.MethodsThe data of this study was from a multicenter birth cohort study. A total of 9,209 pregnant women at 16–23 weeks of gestation were included. 25(OH)D concentrations were measured from collected blood. Sleep patterns consisted of major sleep behaviors including duration, chronotype, insomnia, snoring, and excessive daytime sleepiness. Data on poor CVH was based on four “clinical” CVH metrics, including body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and glucose levels.ResultsThe proportion of women with poor CVH was 25.0%. The relative risk (RR) (95%CI) of poor CVH was 0.67 (0.58–0.76) in women with 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L after multivariate adjustments. Lower 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly associated with poor CVH. Such association was also evident in subgroups analysis. We found a significant interaction of 25(OH)D (P for interaction = 0.01) with sleep patterns on the risk of poor CVH. A negative dose-response relation was observed between 25(OH)D concentrations and poor CVH risk in healthy or intermediate sleep, not poor sleep. 25(OH)D concentrations were lower and the risk of poor CVH was higher in pregnant women with poor sleep patterns (P < 0.05).ConclusionOur study suggests that sleep patterns modify the association of 25(OH)D concentrations with the CVH among pregnant women.

A photoactive covalent organic framework (COF) was built from metalloporphyrin and bipyridine monomers and single‐atomic Pt sites were subsequently installed. Integrating photosensitizing metalloporphyrin and substrate‐activating Pt(bpy) moieties in a single solid facilitates multielectron transfer and accelerates photocatalytic hydrogen evolution with a maximum production rate of 80.4 mmol h−1 gPt−1 and turnover frequency (TOF) of 15.7 h−1 observed. This work demonstrates that incorporation of single‐atomic metal sites with photoactive COFs greatly enhances photocatalytic activity and provides an effective strategy for the design and construction of novel photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundPro-inflammatory diets play an important role in developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Vitamin D has been demonstrated to have an anti-inflammatory effect and promote cardiovascular health (CVH). However, it is unclear whether adequate vitamin D during pregnancy protects against poor CVH caused by pro-inflammatory diets.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of pro-inflammatory diets with the cardiovascular risk (CVR) among pregnant women and whether such association was modified by vitamin D status.MethodsThe study was based on a prospective birth cohort that included 3,713 pregnant women between 16 and 23 gestational weeks. In total, 25(OH)D concentrations and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured from the collected blood. The dietary inflammatory potential was evaluated using the empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) score based on a validated food frequency questionnaire. Gestational CVR was evaluated using the CVR score based on five “clinical” CVR metrics, including body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, glucose levels, and smoking status.ResultsThe proportion of women with a CVR score >0 was 54.3%. We observed a positive association between the EDIP score and CVR score. Compared with the lowest quartile, the CVR score (β = −0.114, 95% CI, −0.217, −0.011) and hs-CRP levels (β = −0.280, 95% CI, −0.495, −0.065) were lower in the highest quartile (P for trend

Process-based models have been widely used to simulate the CH4 budget in natural wetlands, but there are still large uncertainties in the simulation processes. Accuracy analysis of process-based models is important to evaluate the reliability of model estimates for different wetlands. In this study, we analyzed the three sources of the model bias from a process-based model (CH4MODwetland) when simulating CH4 emissions from different wetland sites and types in China. On a national scale, the root-mean-square error (RMSE) decreased from 70.6% at daily scale to 27.1% at annual/seasonal scale. On a national scale, more than 90% of the model errors were from random error. At most of the sites random error contributed more than 60% to the model errors, except the Guangzhou, Haikou, Wuliangsu lake and Yancheng Estuary sites, which showed lower RMSE values. The model simulated higher RMSE at the tidal marsh sites. The model had capability to simulate the daily and annual/seasonal CH4 emissions from all wetland types (model efficiency > 0), and performed better for coastal wetlands than peatlands and marshes, with model efficiency values of 0.75 and 0.99, respectively. When applied the model at annual/seasonal scale for peatlands, marshes, and coastal wetlands, the RMSE decreased a lot. The study indicated that CH4MODwetland is more accurate at annual/seasonal scale than daily scale for different wetland types across China. The non-stochastic portion of CH4 emissions from peatlands, marshes and coastal wetlands can be well predicted by the model.

Se realiza un análisis sobre la empleabilidad, la situación del empleo en los graduados universitarios en las diversas carreras y las problemáticas reales para encontrar empleo acorde con los estudios realizados, en aras de lograr un posicionamiento laboral estable, reconocido y valorado por la sociedad y el ser humano. Se concreta entonces la relación entre la empleabilidad de los graduados universitarios y la realidad socioeconómica imperante que dominan este aspecto social de tanto interés en nuestra sociedad.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the indirect effects on the properties of ZrO2 films deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) when an Mg-Ca alloy is modified through equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) following extrusion. The study aims to understand how the increase in CaO content in the native oxide layer of the Mg-Ca alloy influences the crystallinity and defect density of the ZrO2 film. Consequently, the corrosion protection performance of the ZrO2 film is enhanced by 1.2 to 1.5 times. A reduction in the anti-scratch property of the ZrO2 film was also observed, with a critical load reduction of 34 μN. This research provides a detailed analysis of the modifications induced by ECAP on the as-extruded Mg-Ca alloy and its subsequent impact on the properties of the ZrO2 film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fractional mapping equation method and fractional bi-function method are utilized to study a (2 + 1)-dimensional space-time fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation, and its exact traveling wave solutions are constructed using the Mittag–Leffler function. These exact traveling wave solutions are used to analyze dynamical evolution of fractional solitons. The width and amplitude of these solitons remain unchanged. However, the shape of distorted M-shaped solitons and one of the distorted bright solitons remains unchanged, while waves are compressed and their widths reduce during increases in fractional parameters. Another distorted bright soliton has the opposite property, namely, the wave is broadened and its width enlarges during fractional parameter increases.

BACKGROUND Elements As, Sb, Bi, Ag, Sn, W, Mo, Cu, Pb, Zn, Co, Cr, Ni, Ti, V, Mn, Sr and Ba in structural superimposed halo samples of gold deposits were of significance to the multi-phases and multi-stage mineralization of the gold deposits. This kind of sample is collected in the gold mine. The content of each element is very different and the distribution is uneven, from the ppm level to a few percent. OBJECTIVES To overcome the problems of conventional detection methods, such as difficult to eliminate inter-element interference and serious memory effects. METHODS The contents of 18 elements in structural superimposed haloes of gold ore were studied by pressed-powder pellets Wavelength Dispersive XRF. RESULTS By studying the angle scanning chart, the analysis line with least interference and high intensity is selected, and the segregation effect is eliminated by fully mixing the sample. The detection limits of this method are 0.14-2.23 μg/g, and the precision (RSD, n=12) is less than 4%. CONCLUSIONS The method can rapidly and accurately determine the contents of all elements in structural superimposed halo samples of gold deposits.

In this study, the potential influence of resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) in signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling of medulloblastoma cells was evaluated by checking the status of STAT3 signaling and its downstream gene expression in two medulloblastoma cell lines (UW228-2 and UW228-3) with and without resveratrol treatment. The results revealed that resveratrol induced neuronal differentiation of medulloblastoma cells. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 expression and phosphorylation were detected in normally cultured UW228-2 and UW228-3 cells that were apparently attenuated after resveratrol treatment. The expression of STAT3 downstream genes, survivin, cyclin D1, Cox-2, and c-Myc, was suppressed but Bcl-2 was enhanced by resveratrol. Meanwhile, the production and secretion of leukemia inhibitory factor, a STAT3 activator, became active in resveratrol-treated cells. To further ascertain the significance of STAT3 signaling for medulloblastoma cells, AG490, a selective inhibitor of STAT3 phosphorylation, was used to treat UW228-3 cells. Phosphorylation of STAT3 was inhibited by AG490 accompanied with growth suppression, differentiation-like changes, and down-regulation of survivin, cyclin D1, Cox-2, and c-Myc. Our data thus suggest the importance of STAT3 signaling in maintenance and survival of medulloblastoma cells. This signaling may be the major target of resveratrol. Enhanced leukemia inhibitory factor and Bcl-2 expressions in resveratrol-treated cells might reflect a compensatory response to the loss of STAT3 function.

Soil bacteria play a key role in the ecological and evolutionary responses of agricultural ecosystems. Domestic herbivore grazing is known to influence soil bacterial community. However, the effects of grazing and its major driving factors on soil bacterial community remain unknown for different plant community compositions under increasing grazing intensity. Thus, to investigate soil bacterial community diversity under five plant community compositions (Grass; Leymus chinensis; Forb; L. chinensis & Forb; and Legume), we performed a four-year field experiment with different grazing intensity treatments (no grazing; light grazing, 4 sheep·ha-1; and heavy grazing, 6 sheep·ha-1) in a grassland in China. Total DNA was obtained from soil samples collected from the plots in August, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting were used to investigate soil bacterial community. The results showed that light grazing significantly increased indices of soil bacterial community diversity for the Forb and Legume groups but not the Grass and L. chinensis groups. Heavy grazing significantly reduced these soil bacterial diversity indices, except for the Pielou evenness index in the Legume group. Further analyses revealed that the soil N/P ratio, electrical conductivity (EC), total nitrogen (TN) and pH were the major environmental factors affecting the soil bacterial community. Our study suggests that the soil bacterial community diversity was influenced by grazing intensity and plant community composition in a meadow steppe. The present study provides a baseline assessment of the soil bacterial community diversity in a temperate meadow steppe.

Conventional adjuvant chemotherapies for bladder transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) may cause strong systemic toxicity and local irritation. Non-toxic resveratrol inhibits TCC cell growth but its feasibility in clinical management of TCCs remains obscure. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and anti-TCC efficacy of resveratrol, using the experimental models closer to the clinical treatment condition. Human TCC EJ cells were exposed to 100 µM, 150 µM and 200 µM resveratrol respectively for 1 hour and 2 hours to mimic intravesical drug instillation and the cell responses were analyzed by multiple experimental approaches. An orthotopic TCC nude mouse model was established by injecting EJ cells into the sub-urothelial layer and used for short-term intravesical resveratrol instillation. The safety of resveratrol instillation was evaluated and compared with that of MCC. The results revealed that 2 h 150 µM or 200 µM resveratrol treatment leaded to remarkable S phase arrest and apoptosis at 72 h time-point, accompanied with attenuated phosphorylation, nuclear translocation and transcription of STAT3, down-regulation of STAT3 downstream genes (survivin, cyclinD1, c-Myc and VEGF) and nuclear translocations of Sirt1 and p53. The importance of STAT3 signaling in cell growth was confirmed by treating EJ cells with JAK2 inhibitor tyrphostin AG490. The efficacy and safety of resveratrol instillation were proved by the findings from nude mouse orthotopic xenograft models, because this treatment caused growth suppression, distinctive apoptosis and STAT3 inactivation of the transplanted tumors without affecting normal urothelium. Our results thus suggest for the first time the practical values of resveratrol as a safe and effective agent in the post-operative treatment of TCCs.