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Protein crosslinking plays an important role in cereal food processing. In recent years, many studies have been carried out on the crosslinking of cereal proteins. However, it is not clear about the principles and molecular mechanisms of crosslinking of cereal proteins. In this review, three kinds of different methods, including physical cross-linking, chemical cross-linking and enzymatic cross-linking, for enhancing the crosslinking of cereal proteins in cereal food processing were summarized, and their recent advances were discussed. Moreover, the effects of the three kinds of protein crosslinking methods on the structural properties of cereal proteins and related products were analyzed. Finally, the possible problems in these three kinds of protein crosslinking methods were discussed and prospected.

Objective To report a case of subdural hematoma (SDH) puncture and drainage combined with epidural blood patch (EBP) in the treatment of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) complicated with SDH and venous cerebral infarction, and summarize the diagnostic and treatment ideas. Methods and Results A male patient presented with sudden headache accompanied by hemiplegia, the headache was relieved in recumbent position and aggravated when standing or sitting for a long time. He was initially diagnosed as acute cerebral infarction before hospitalization and was given rt⁃PA intravenous thrombolysis. And then was diagnosed as cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), which was treated through dehydration and anticoagulation, during which bilateral SDH occurred and progressive aggravated, and sent to Department of Emergency of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University. He was diagnosed as bilateral frontotemporal parietal SDH and effusion, CVT with venous cerebral infarction, and SIH. Soft channel twist drill craniotomy was performed firstly, then targeted autologous EBP were performed when the condition came to steady. The patients' symptoms improved, and residual SDH absorbed gradually. Conclusions For CVT patients accompanied by focal nerve dysfunction and SDH showed postural headache, the possibility of SIH could be considered, and stereotactic soft channel SDH puncture and drainage combined with targeted autologous EBP can play a curative effect.

Carbonate cements formed at different stages in sandstone have different mineral compositions, structural characteristics and carbon and oxygen isotope compositions. Carbon stable isotope compositions in cements can be used to indicate the source of carbon in diagenetic fluids, while oxygen stable isotope can be used to estimate the temperature and the source of fluid at the time of crystallization. In order to obtain the carbon and oxygen isotope compositions of different kinds of carbonates in sandstone cements, off-line selective acid extraction method was usually used to extract and test the carbon and oxygen isotope compositions of each carbonate. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the off-line method such as cumbersome process and low efficiency, the temperature and time experiments of the reaction of the mixture sample with 100% phosphoric acid were carried out for the first time by using Gasbench-IRMS with different ratios of quartz, calcite and dolomite mixture samples in this study. When the particle size of the sample is mainly about 63-75 μm, the reaction temperature is 25 ℃ and the reaction time is 2 h, the generated CO2 represents the carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of calcite. When the reaction temperature is 25 ℃, there is almost no CO2 generated in reaction of dolomite with 100% phosphoric acid for 1 h, and the yield of CO2 is only about 3% for 2 h. The mixture experiment showed that this method is only suitable for the mixture samples with more calcite than dolomite. When the content of calcite is higher than that of dolomite, Gasbench-IRMS can be used to separate calcite and dolomite mixture samples online, and test C and O isotope compositions. The carbon dioxide produced at 25 ℃ for 2 h represents the C and O isotope compositions of calcite. The CO2 gas is removed after another 2 h of reaction, then the carbon dioxide produced at 50 ℃ for 18 h represents δ13C and δ18O of dolomite. The precision of δ13C and δ18O is better than 0.15‰ (1σ) and 0.20‰ (1σ), respectively.

The significant changes enabled by the fog computing had demonstrated that Internet of Things (IoT) urgently needs more evolutional reforms. Limited by the inflexible design philosophy; the traditional structure of a network is hard to meet the latest demands. However, Information-Centric Networking (ICN) is a promising option to bridge and cover these enormous gaps. In this paper, a Smart Collaborative Caching (SCC) scheme is established by leveraging high-level ICN principles for IoT within fog computing paradigm. The proposed solution is supposed to be utilized in resource pooling, content storing, node locating and other related situations. By investigating the available characteristics of ICN, some challenges of such combination are reviewed in depth. The details of building SCC, including basic model and advanced algorithms, are presented based on theoretical analysis and simplified examples. The validation focuses on two typical scenarios: simple status inquiry and complex content sharing. The number of clusters, packet loss probability and other parameters are also considered. The analytical results demonstrate that the performance of our scheme, regarding total packet number and average transmission latency, can outperform that of the original ones. We expect that the SCC will contribute an efficient solution to the related studies.

BACKGROUND The measurement of 40Ar content in K-Ar dilution method includes sample melting and releasing gas, gas purification and enrichment, mass spectrometry measurement. With the application of a newly designed double vacuum furnace and gas purification system, the experiment process gradually changes from manual operation to automatic program control, but the parameters are unclear. OBJECTIVES To determine the parameters by conditional experiments and establish a complete measurement method of 40Ar content in K-Ar dilution method. METHODS Parameters were determined by releasing and absorbing an air standard in activated carbon cold finger with different times, melting different types of samples with different temperatures of the double vacuum furnace. The method reliability was verified by K-Ar dating for SK01 sanidine standard. RESULTS The optimal heating release time for activated carbon cold finger was 500s, and the adsorption time was 200s. Using these conditions, the gas produced by the melting in the furnace can be completely transferred and released to avoid isotope fractionation. The corresponding melting temperature was used for different types of samples to ensure that the samples were completely melted and outgassed, the melting temperature of the furnace for clay minerals, biotite, and muscovite should be set to 1400℃, and 1500℃ for amphibole, 1550℃ for basic rock, and 1600℃for potassium feldspar. The K-Ar dating of 10 sets of SK01 sanidine standards showed that the results were consistent with 40Ar-39Ar dating ages. CONCLUSIONS The obtained condition parameters meet the accurate measurement of 40Ar content using the K-Ar dilution method.

C19H25N5O, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 16.0600(2) Å, b = 5.3992(1) Å, c = 19.8514(2) Å, β = 94.260(1)°, V = 1716.58(4) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt (F) = 0.0350, wRref(F2) = 0.0908, T = 100.00(10) K.