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Objective To evaluate the pelvic floor functional status of primiparous women undergoing different delivery modes within 2 years postpartum. Methods Primiparous women admitted to the Pelvic Floor Center of Department of Gynecology were enrolled in this study. All participants were divided into the vaginal delivery and cesarean section groups according to the delivery mode. General clinical data were collected. Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification （POP-Q），pelvic floor muscle strength and electromyographic analysis were performed. Chronic pelvic pain，urinary and bowel function were evaluated. The Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire -12 （PISQ-12），Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire （I-QOL），Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 （PFDI-20），and Self-Rating Depression Scale （SDS） were performed. The differences in pelvic floor anatomy and clinical symptoms in primiparous women were assessed between the vaginal delivery and cesarean section groups. Results A total of 521 primiparous women completed the survey，including 402 cases undergoing vaginal delivery and 119 receiving cesarean section. Primiparous women who underwent vaginal delivery had lower levels of anterior vaginal wall POP-Q，uterine/cervix POP-Q，ClassⅠmuscle strength，ClassⅡmuscle strength， pre-rest， ClassⅠelectromyography，ClassⅡelectromyography，and post-rest compared with those who underwent cesarean section （all P < 0.05）. Moreover，primiparous women who had vaginal delivery were more prone to experiencing stress urinary incontinence （SUI） and lower I-QOL score compared with those receiving cesarean section （both P < 0.05）. In terms of clinical manifestations such as chronic pelvic pain，bowel disorders，sexual dysfunction，and depressive status，there were no significant differences observed between two groups （all P > 0.05）. Conclusions Vaginal delivery may be a risk factor for the increased incidence of postpartum pelvic organ prolapse （POP） and SUI in primiparous women. In clinical practice， early postpartum pelvic floor rehabilitation exercises or interventions should be emphasized for primiparous women，especially for the changes in urinary function.

Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is common among postpartum women, but many do not seek medical help due to limited knowledge. Understanding the level of knowledge about UI in this population is essential for improving care‐seeking behaviors and implementing targeted interventions. Objective: The objective was to examine knowledge regarding UI among postpartum women with UI within 6 weeks to 1 year after delivery. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted at obstetric clinic in two level‐three grade A hospitals in Shenzhen, China, from January 2023 to June 2023. Women in their 6 weeks to 1 year after delivery with UI were asked to complete a questionnaire comprising three sections: (1) demographic variable; (2) International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ‐UI SF); and (3) The Urinary Incontinence Quiz (UIQ). Results: A total of 1228 women completed the questionnaire. Their mean UIQ score was 6.63 ± 3.51 (minimum = 2, maximum = 15), indicating the deficiency of UI knowledge among Chinese postpartum women. A total of 86.4% of participants experienced slight or moderate postpartum UI. The results of multivariate linear regression models for UIQ reveal significant independent associations between questionnaire scores and two variables: experience in pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) (p < 0.001) and UI treatment in the past (p < 0.001). The overall model fit was R2 = 0.559 (p < 0.001). The regression coefficients for the experience in PFMT and UI treatment in the past were 2.301 and 4.916, respectively. However, no other discernible factors were identified to distinguish between those with and without adequate knowledge. Conclusions: Postpartum women with UI within 6 weeks to 1 year after delivery had poor knowledge of UI. Targeted educational interventions focusing on PFMT and early treatment for UI are essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of the small ring strain of five/six-membered cyclic ethers, constructing complex molecules via ring-opening reactions has consistently been a highly challenging topic in organic synthesis. Induced by Lewis acids, the charge redistribution in cyclic ethers forms oxonium ylide intermediates, thereby activating the C–O bond and subsequently facilitating nucleophilic attack for ring opening. In recent years, a variety of novel Lewis acids, encompassing those with new metal centers and frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs), have been effectively utilized to induce the formation of oxonium ylides, offering a diverse array of methods for the ring opening of five/six-membered cyclic ethers. This review conveys the extensive application advancements of diverse Lewis acid types for cyclic ether ring-opening reactions over the past two decades, originating from the perspective of the classification of Lewis acids. Furthermore, the substrate applicability and chemical transformation efficiency of these Lewis acids in the ring-opening reactions of cyclic ethers have also been discussed herein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this short note, we elaborate on a synthetic method for a new terpyridine Schiff base-bearing vanillin motif. The structure of the product was confirmed via 1H and 13C-NMR spectroscopy and FT-IR spectroscopy. Due to the peculiar coordination nature and optical property of the synthesized compound, this work presents a promising colorimetric sensing molecular compound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is more likely to develop a state of chronicity in early life, particularly mother‐to‐child transmission (MTCT) of HBV in the fetus during pregnancy. Till now, little is known about the impact of chronic HBV infection on the immune status of the maternal‐fetus interface, and the immune profile of placental lymphocytes in MTCT of HBV is poorly understood. Method of Study: Thirteen term pregnant women with chronic HBV infection (HBV‐PW) and thirteen normal pregnant women as healthy control (HC‐PW) were enrolled. The profile of placental immune cells and paired peripheral blood were analyzed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Results: Compared with HC‐PW, the frequency of CD8+ T cells from the term placenta of HBV‐PW was significantly reduced. These cells showed decreased expression of activation molecules CD69 and HLA‐DR; thus, decidual CD8+ T cells from HBV‐PW demonstrated hypofunctional signature as evidenced by significantly reduced production of IFN‐γ, as well as compromised ability of degranulation and proliferation. Conclusions: These findings supported that hypoactivated decidual CD8+ T cells might possess compromised ability in chronically HBV‐infected term pregnant women. Our study provides robust evidence for the necessity and importance of antiviral intervention in HBV‐PW to prevent MTCT of HBV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detection of transient changes in interaural correlation is based on the temporal precision of the central representations of acoustic signals. Whether schizophrenia impairs the temporal precision in the interaural correlation process is not clear. In both participants with schizophrenia and matched healthy‐control participants, this study examined the detection of a break in interaural correlation (BIC, a change in interaural correlation from 1 to 0 and back to 1), including the longest interaural delay at which a BIC was just audible, representing the temporal extent of the primitive auditory memory (PAM). Moreover, BIC‐induced electroencephalograms (EEGs) and the relationships between the early binaural psychoacoustic processing and higher cognitive functions, which were assessed by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), were examined. The results showed that compared to healthy controls, participants with schizophrenia exhibited poorer BIC detection, PAM and RBANS score. Both the BIC‐detection accuracy and the PAM extent were correlated with the RBANS score. Moreover, participants with schizophrenia showed weaker BIC‐induced N1‐P2 amplitude which was correlated with both theta‐band power and inter‐trial phase coherence. These results suggested that schizophrenia impairs the temporal precision of the central representations of acoustic signals, affecting both interaural correlation processing and higher‐order cognitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An iron-catalyzed selective N=S coupling of N -methoxy amides and sulfoxides has been developed and was found to be a highly efficient method for the synthesis of N -acyl sulfoximines. Electron-donating as well as electron-withdrawing groups on the phenyl ring are tolerated, and even sensitive substituents are compatible. The current catalytic transformation was conducted under an air atmosphere and can be easily scaled up to a gram scale with a catalyst loading of only 1 mol %. In this case, both coupling partners are used in their native forms, thus obviating prior functionalization and activation., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Problem: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is more likely to develop a state of chronicity in early life, particularly mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HBV in the fetus during pregnancy. Till now, little is known about the impact of chronic HBV infection on the immune status of the maternal-fetus interface, and the immune profile of placental lymphocytes in MTCT of HBV is poorly understood., Method of Study: Thirteen term pregnant women with chronic HBV infection (HBV-PW) and thirteen normal pregnant women as healthy control (HC-PW) were enrolled. The profile of placental immune cells and paired peripheral blood were analyzed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry., Results: Compared with HC-PW, the frequency of CD8 + T cells from the term placenta of HBV-PW was significantly reduced. These cells showed decreased expression of activation molecules CD69 and HLA-DR; thus, decidual CD8 + T cells from HBV-PW demonstrated hypofunctional signature as evidenced by significantly reduced production of IFN-γ, as well as compromised ability of degranulation and proliferation., Conclusions: These findings supported that hypoactivated decidual CD8 + T cells might possess compromised ability in chronically HBV-infected term pregnant women. Our study provides robust evidence for the necessity and importance of antiviral intervention in HBV-PW to prevent MTCT of HBV., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

A novel surface phosphate strategy was adopted to dramatically improve the charge transport, ion diffusion, electroactive sites, and cycle stability of mesoporous NiCo 2 O 4 nanowire arrays (NWAs), drastically boosting their electrochemical properties. Consequently, the as-prepared phosphated NiCo 2 O 4 NWA (P-NiCo 2 O 4 NWA) electrode achieved excellent energy storage performance as a bifunctional anode material for both lithium ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium ion batteries (SIBs). When evaluated as an anode for LIBs, this P-NiCo 2 O 4 NWA electrode showed a high reversible capacity up to 1156 mA h g -1 for 1500 cycles at 200 mA g -1 without appreciable capacity attenuation, while in SIBs, the electrode could also deliver an admirable initial capacity as high as 687 mA h g -1 and maintained 83.5% of this after 500 cycles at the same current density. Most important, when the current density increased from 100 to 1000 mA g -1 , the capacity retention was about 63% in LIBs and 54% in SIBs. This work may shed light on the engineering of efficient electrodes for multifunctional flexible energy storage device applications., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)