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The Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) is a multicycle survey of adult skills and competencies sponsored by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The survey examines a range of basic skills in the information age and assesses these adult skills consistently across participating countries. PIAAC is the sixth of a series of adult skills surveys, sponsored by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), that have been implemented in the United States. This third report describes the methodology used to produce the county-level estimates by age and education groups. [For the second report, "Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC): State-Level Estimation for Age and Education Groups Methodology Report. NCES 2022-050," see ED622835.]

The Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) is a multicycle international survey of adult skills and competencies sponsored by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The survey examines a range of basic skills in the information age and assesses these adult skills consistently across participating countries. The first cycle of PIAAC included three rounds: 24 countries participated in 2011-12 (round 1), 9 additional countries participated in 2014-15 (round 2), and 5 additional countries participated in 2017-18 (round 3). The United States participated in all three rounds of the first cycle of PIAAC. This is the second methodology report on the PIAAC Small Area Estimation (SAE). This report is a follow-up to the initial report and describes the methodology for creating model-based estimates for age and education groups. [For the first report, "Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC): State and County Estimation Methodology Report. NCES 2020-225," see ED622834.]

In this work, we demonstrate the performance of a silicon-compatible high-performance self-powered photodetector.A wide detection range from visible (405 nm) to near-infrared (1550 nm) light was enabled by the vertical p-n heterojunction between the p-type antimony telluride (Sb2Te3) thin film and the n-type silicon (Si) substrates. A Sb2Te3 film with a good crystal quality, low density of extended defects, proper stoichiometry, p-type nature, and excellent uniformity across a 4-inch wafer was achieved by atomic layer deposition at 80 {\deg}C using (Et3Si)2Te and SbCl3 as precursors. The processed photodetectors have a low dark current (~20 pA), a high responsivity of (~4.3 Ampere per Watt at 405 nm and ~150 milli-Ampere per Watt at ~1550 nm), a peak detectivity of ~1.65*10^14 Jones, and a quick rise time of ~98 us under zero bias voltage. Density functional theory calculations reveal a narrow, near-direct, type-II bandgap at the heterointerface that supports a strong built-in electric field leading to efficient separation of the photogenerated carriers. The devices have long-term air stability and efficient switching behavior even at elevated temperatures. These high-performance self-powered p-Sb2Te3/n-Si heterojunction photodetectors have immense potential to become reliable technological building blocks for a plethora of innovative applications in next-generation optoelectronics, silicon-photonics, chip-level sensing, and detection., Comment: 11 pages, 1 Table, 5 Figures, Supporting Information

The Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) is a multicycle survey of adult skills and competencies sponsored by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The survey examines a range of basic skills in the information age and assesses these adult skills consistently across participating countries. PIAAC is the sixth of a series of adult skills surveys, sponsored by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), that have been implemented in the United States. This report describes the statistical methodology used to produce estimates of average scores and high, middle, and low proficiency levels of adult skills for every state and county in the United States.

The Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) is a multicycle survey of adult skills and competencies sponsored by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The survey examines a range of basic skills in the information age and assesses these adult skills consistently across participating countries. The first cycle of PIAAC included three rounds: 24 countries participated in 2011-12 (round 1); 9 additional countries participated in 2014-15 (round 2); and 5 additional countries participated in 2017-18 (round 3). The United States has participated in all three rounds of the first cycle of PIAAC. This report describes the statistical methodology used to produce estimates of average scores and high, middle, and low proficiency levels of adult skills for every state and county in the United States.