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Objective Making a reasonable train delay adjustment plan is one of the key tasks to ensure the safe and reliable operation of urban rail transit lines. For those lines with express and local trains running on, it is necessary to study the passengers′ train selection behavior during train delays, and analyze the influence of express and local trains overtaking on their choices as well. Method An analysis is conducted on passenger retention and their train selection behavior during express and local train operation on the line. A simulation algorithm that conforms to the rules of passenger boarding/alighting and their train selection behavior is designed, and a simulation and evaluation model for the operation plan adjustment due to express and local train delay is established. In consideration of the departure time and sequence of the express and local trains, and the overtaking trains and stations, different train delay adjustment plans are developed. The passenger′s travel process under the original operation plan and four delay adjustment plans on Shanghai Metro Line 16 is simulated, and the four delay adjustment plans are comprehensively evaluated. Result & Conclusion The simulation and evaluation model is effective and reliable, which can provide simulation means for urban rail transit operators to evaluate train operation plans, and also provide the basis for improving passenger service level, train capacity utilization rate and train operation plans.

Myostatin (MSTN) has long been recognized as a critical regulator of muscle mass. Recently, there has been increasing interest in its role in metabolism. In our study, we specifically knocked out MSTN in brown adipose tissue (BAT) from mice ([MSTN.sup.[DELTA]UCP1]) and found that the mice gained more weight than did controls when fed a high-fat diet, with progressive hepatosteatosis and impaired skeletal muscle activity. RNA-Seq analysis indicated signatures of mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in the MSTN-ablated BAT. Further studies demonstrated that Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) was responsible for the metabolic phenotypes observed, whereas fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) contributed to the microenvironment communication between adipocytes and macrophages induced by the loss of MSTN. Moreover, the MSTN/SMAD2/3-p38 signaling pathway mediated the expression of KLF4 and FGF21 in adipocytes. In summary, our findings suggest that brown adipocyte-derived MSTN regulated BAT thermogenesis via autocrine and paracrine effects on adipocytes or macrophages, ultimately regulating systemic energy homeostasis., Introduction Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a crucial role in whole-body energy balance and fuel metabolism, mediating nonshivering thermogenesis in mammals exposed to subthermoneutral temperatures (1). The abundance of mitochondria [...]

【Objective】 This study delves into the mechanisms underlying the damage and failure of concrete linings in hydraulic channels in cold regions in Northern China that are prone to freeze-thaw, wind and sand erosion. 【Method】 We prepared concrete samples, in line with canal system engineering standards, using solid waste fly ash and silicon powder sourced from Inner Mongolia. Our investigation focused on the freeze-thaw-wind-sand erosion of the concrete lining when it is laid in different directions and the consequential impact on its service life. 【Result】 ①Wind-sand erosion exacerbates freeze-thaw damage in the concrete lining within. The extent of slurry erosion on the channel concrete surface intensifies with the increase in erosion angle. The most severe surface damage occurs when the wind-sand erosion angle was 90°, accelerating surface slurry shedding and internal damage, which is twice as severe as when the angle was 30°. ②The degradation of the eroded surface showed a distinctive fractal pattern. The combined effects of freeze-thaw-wind-sand erosion initiated small pores which then propagated to larger pores. ③Based on material decay and grey theory, we proposed an GM (1,1) grey model to predict the relative dynamic elastic modulus and a model to predict of serve life of the concrete under cycled freeze-thaw erosion under various wind-sand erosion angles. 【Conclusion】 The service life of the hydraulic concrete lining diminishes as the wind-sand erosion angle increases, with a substantial reduction to 25.83 years when exposed to 90° wind-sand erosion.

Pulex simulans and Polygenis gwyni are vectors of many flea‐borne diseases. They were widely recorded in the United States and Mexico between 1970 and 2000. Maximum entropy models were used to explore the habitats of both fleas under different climate scenarios to provide the scientific basis for the surveillance and control of flea‐borne diseases. We screened climate variables by principal component analysis and Pearson's correlation test and evaluated model performance by ROC curve. ArcMap was used to visualize expressions. Under current climatic conditions, the medium and highly suitable areas for P. simulans are estimated to be 9.16 × 106 km2 and 4.97 × 106 km2, respectively. These regions are predominantly located in South America, along the Mediterranean coast of Europe, the southern part of the African continent, the Middle East, North China, and Australia. For P. gwyni, the medium and highly suitable areas under current climatic conditions are approximately 4.01 × 106 and 2.04 × 106 km2, respectively, with the primary distribution in North China extending to the Himalayas, near the Equator in Africa, and in a few areas of Europe. Under future climate scenarios, in the SSP3‐7.0 scenario for the years 2081–2100, the area of high suitability for P. simulans is projected to reach its maximum. Similarly, in the SSP2‐4.5 scenario for 2061–2080, the area of high suitability for P. gwyni is expected to reach its maximum. Under global climate change, there is a large range in the potential distribution for both fleas, with an overall upward trend in the area of habitat under future climate scenarios. Governments should develop scientific prevention and control measures to prevent the invasive alien species flea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]