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Shale oil of the Qingshankou Formation of the Gulong Sag, the northern Songliao Basin, represents the first attempt at large-scale development of pure-shale-type shale oil in China. By integrating the multiscale refined reservoir characterization with macro-micro-scale mechanical testing, it is clarified that the Gulong shale is characterized by high clay mineral content, high rock plasticity, highly-developed bedding, and prominent mechanical anisotropy. A three-dimensional (3D) fracture propagation model of hydraulic fracturing was built for the Gulong shale, which fully captures the hydraulic fracture distribution pattern affected by the high bedding density, in-situ stress, and fracturing treatment parameters. Our research showed that due to influences of bedding, hydraulic fracturing in the Gulong shale forms a complex fracture morphology featuring the main fracture with multiple perpendicular branches that have different lengths (like the outdoor directional TV antenna); however, the vertical propagation of fractures is inhibited, and the fracture height is commonly less than 10 m. The limited stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) is the main problem facing the fracturing stimulation of the Gulong shale oil. Bedding density has vital effects on fracture morphology, so case-specific fracturing designs shall be developed for shale intervals with different bedding development degrees. For reservoirs with welldeveloped bedding, it is suggested to properly increase the perforation cluster spacing and raise the volume and proportions of viscous fluids of the pad, so as to effectively promote vertical fracture propagation and improve reservoir stimulation performance. This study integrates multi-scale fine reservoir characterization and macro-micro-scale mechanical testing, as well as the construction and numerical simulation of hydraulic fracturing models for high-density layered shale reservoirs, providing a new approach and methodological framework for the fracturing research of high-density layered shale reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel nanofluid of modified carbon black (MCB) nanoparticles was initially developed for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in low permeability reservoirs. The MCB nanoparticles were obtained via a three-step reaction involving modification by oxidation, acyl chlorination, and activated grafting. MCB nanoparticles were spherically dispersed, with an average size of 72.3 nm. Compared with carbon black (CB) nanoparticles, dispersed MCB nanoparticles can effectively reduce the oil--water interfacial tension (IFT) to 10-2 mN/m and change the surface wettability of sand particles. Based on the results of core flooding experiments, the MCB nanoparticles exhibited a better EOR capacity than surfactants and CB nanoparticles, and the final oil recovery was significantly increased by 27.27%. The core scanning test showed that the MCB nanoparticles could plug high permeability channels by adsorbing onto the surfaces of sand particles and forming larger aggregates that bridge across pores or throats, resulting in a higher swept volume. The synergistic effects of improved swept volume and oil displacement efficiency were the EOR mechanisms of the MCB nanoparticles. The studies indicate that these MCB nanoparticles have excellent potential for EOR in low permeability reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of intelligent devices, Android smart device is widely used in daily life. Based on android smart device, this paper aims to implement a multifunctional GIS mobile terminal which integrates Internet communication, bar-code scanning, and LBS (Location Based Service) technologies. The GIS terminal, based on Android application designing, make it possible to optimize the management in tobacco distribution. At last, test results prove that the design of the application development can meet the expected functional requirements of the GIS system.

Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death that is linked with invading intracellular pathogens. Cardiac pyroptosis has a significant role in coronary microembolization (CME), thus causing myocardial injury. Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) has powerful cardioprotective effects. Hence, this study aimed to identify the effect of Tan IIA on CME and its underlying mechanism. Forty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly grouped into sham, CME, CME + low-dose Tan IIA, and CME + high-dose Tan IIA groups. Except for the sham group, polyethylene microspheres (42 μm) were injected to establish the CME model. The Tan-L and Tan-H groups received intraperitoneal Tan IIA for 7 days before CME. After CME, cardiac function, myocardial histopathology, and serum myocardial injury markers were assessed. The expression of pyroptosis-associated molecules and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB/NLRP3 cascade was evaluated by qRT-PCR, Western blotting, ELISA, and IHC. Relative to the sham group, CME group's cardiac functions were significantly reduced, with a high level of serum myocardial injury markers, and microinfarct area. Also, the levels of caspase-1 p20, GSDMD-N, IL-18, IL-1β, TLR4, MyD88, p-NF-κB p65, NLRP3, and ASC expression were increased. Relative to the CME group, the Tan-H and Tan-L groups had considerably improved cardiac functions, with a considerably low level of serum myocardial injury markers and microinfarct area. Tan IIA can reduce the levels of pyroptosis-associated mRNA and protein, which may be caused by inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB/NLRP3 cascade. In conclusion, Tanshinone IIA can suppress cardiomyocyte pyroptosis probably through modulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB/NLRP3 cascade, lowering cardiac dysfunction, and myocardial damage.

In the centrosymmetric title complex, [Ni(C(7)H(6)NO(2))(2)(H(2)O)(2)], the Ni(II )atom, located on an inversion center, is six-coordinated in a distorted octa-hedral geometry defined by two N and four O atoms from the two chelating 2-(2-pyrid-yl)acetate ligands and two aqua ligands. The mol-ecules form a three-dimensional framework by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and aromatic π-π stacking inter-actions, with a centroid-centroid distance of 3.506 (3) Å.