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As one of the emerging hallmarks of tumorigenesis and tumor progression, metabolic remodeling is common in the tumor microenvironment. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of global tumor-related mortality, causing a series of metabolic alterations in response to nutrient availability and consumption to fulfill the demands of biosynthesis and carcinogenesis. Despite the efficacy of immunotherapy in treating HCC, the response rate remains unsatisfactory. Recently, research has focused on metabolic reprogramming and its effects on the immune state of the tumor microenvironment, and immune response rate. In this review, we delineate the metabolic reprogramming observed in HCC and its influence on the tumor immune microenvironment. We discuss strategies aimed at enhancing response rates and overcoming immune resistance through metabolic interventions, focusing on targeting glucose, lipid, or amino acid metabolism, as well as systemic regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractIn order to improve the utilization value of the erythritol mother liquor, the separation and purification of the erythritol mother liquor was selected in this study. The selected chromatographic separation programme for erythritol crystallizing mother liquor is as follows: Firstly, erythritol is resolved from mannitol and arabitol with DTF-01Ca (Suqing Group) resin and then mannitol is resolved from arabitol with 99Ca/320 (Dowex) resin. At the same time, the chromatographic conditions of the DTF-01Ca (Suqing Group) and 99Ca/320 (Dowex) resins were optimized, resulting in an optimal separation temperature and mobile phase flow rate of 70 °C, 10 ml/min. On this basis, a single-column chromatographic model was used to calculate the TD model parameter (N) and the mass transfer coefficient (km ) of the separation of erythritol mother liquor by DTF-01Ca (Suqing Group) and 99Ca/320 (Dowex) resins. The adsorption isotherms, TD model parameter (N) and the mass transfer coefficient (km ) provides data references for the design and operation of the simulated moving beds (SMB) separation system for the industrial-scale separation of erythritol crystallizing mother liquor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• K-doped MnO 2 was synthesized by different strategies. • K+ has structural promoting and electronic regulating effects in metal oxides. • Oxygen vacancies could be tuned by changing the preparation method and potassium source. • The MVK mechanism and the in situ DRIFT was used to study the reaction pathway. Alkali metal potassium was beneficial to the electronic regulation and structural stability of transition metal oxides. Herein, K ions were introduced into manganese oxides by different methods to improve the degradation efficiency of toluene. The results of activity experiments indicated that KMnO 4 -HT (HT: Hydrothermal method) exhibited outstanding low-temperature catalytic activity, and 90% conversion of toluene can be achieved at 243°C, which was 41°C and 43°C lower than that of KNO 3 -HT and Mn-HT, respectively. The largest specific surface area was observed on KMnO 4 -HT, facilitating the adsorption of toluene. The formation of cryptomelane structure over KMnO 4 -HT could contribute to higher content of Mn3+ and lattice oxygen (O latt), excellent low-temperature reducibility, and high oxygen mobility, which could increase the catalytic performance. Furthermore, two distinct degradation pathways were inferred. Pathway Ⅰ (KMnO 4 -HT): toluene → benzyl → benzoic acid → carbonate → CO 2 and H 2 O; Pathway ⅠⅠ (Mn-HT): toluene → benzyl alcohol → benzoic acid → phenol → maleic anhydride → CO 2 and H 2 O. Fewer intermediates were detected on KMnO 4 -HT, indicating its stronger oxidation capacity of toluene, which was originated from the doping of K+ and the interaction between K O Mn. More intermediates were observed on Mn-HT, which can be attributed to the weaker oxidation ability of pure Mn. The results indicated that the doping of K+ can improve the catalytic oxidation capacity of toluene, resulting in promoted degradation of intermediates during the oxidation of toluene. The doping of K+ had a certain influence on the morphology of MnO 2 , and the activity was significantly improved. In addition, KMnO 4 -HT possessed higher Mn3+ and O latt content, which accelerates the breaking speed of C C bonds and promotes the deep oxidation of toluene. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Molecular biology has been applied to the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of various diseases, and long noncoding RNA LINC00943 (lncRNA LINC00943; LINC00943) plays an important role in a variety of cancers. Therefore, this study explored the prognostic role of LINC00943 in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and understood its impact on the development of LUSC. Methods: There are 89 LUSC patients were involved in current assay. By detecting the expression of LINC00943 and miR-196b-5p in tissues and cells, LINC00943 and its correlation with the characteristics of clinical data were analyzed. The biological function of LINC00943 was studied by Transwell migration and invasion assays. In addition, Pearson correlation coefficient and luciferase activity experiments were chosen to characterize the relationship between LINC00943 and miR-196b-5p and explore the mechanism of LINC00943. Results: Compared with normal controls, LINC00943 expression in LUSC tissues and cells was significantly reduced, miR-196b-5p was markedly increased, there was a negative correlation between LINC00943 and miR-196b-5p. According to the in vitro cell experiments, migration and invasion of LUSC cells were suppressed by overexpression of LINC00943. Besides, LINC00943 was demonstrated to have prognostic power and targeting miR-196b-5p was involved in the progression of LUSC. Conclusions: Overexpression of LINC00943 was molecular sponge for miR-196b-5p that controlled the deterioration of LUSC, which had great potential as a prognostic biomarker for LUSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MnOx samples were prepared and applied to the catalytic combustion of toluene. The results indicated that the KMnO4 content was important to the catalytic performance. Cat‐0.2 (0.2 g KMnO4) possessed the best catalytic performance, and more than 90% of toluene conversion was 255°C. Moderate amounts of KMnO4 facilitated the generation of mixed crystalline phases and structural defects, which led to the generation of more oxygen vacancies. In addition, the Cat‐0.2 possessed high contents of Oads/(Oads + Olatt) and Mn3+/(Mn3+ + Mn4+), which promoted the emergence‐annihilation cycle of oxygen vacancies and facilitated the reaction process of toluene. The reaction pathway of toluene was investigated via in situ DRIFTS, in which the by‐products included benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, benzoate, maleic anhydride, and short‐chain carbonate. Among them, benzoate was the main intermediate in the catalytic oxidation process of toluene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enhance land use/cover change (LUCC) simulation accuracy, we introduced ViViT-ANN-CA, blending video vision transformer’s spatio-temporal features extraction ability, artificial neural network‘s (ANN) non-linearity computing ability, and CA’s spatial computing. Compared to 3DCNN-ANN-CA, ViViT-ANN-CA showed higher accuracy in simulating water bodies and vegetation, with overall improvements in Hailing District and Wuxi City. ViViT demonstrates comparable spatio-temporal feature extraction ability to three-dimensional convolutional neural network (3DCNN), promising for future ynamic LUCC simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2D perovskites have attracted wide attention for optoelectronic applications because of their unique layer structure and tunable outstanding optical/electrical properties. In addition, 2D Cs3Bi2Br9 nanoflakes possess large effective atomic number, high resistivity, high density as well as excellent stability, rendering it a promising material for X‐ray detection. Nevertheless, it is full of challenges to synthesize 2D Cs3Bi2Br9 nanoflakes by conventional inversion temperature crystallization (ITC) strategy due to the existence of Br‐ vacancies in the Cs3Bi2Br9 crystal nucleus. Herein, an Ag+ assisted ITC (SAITC) strategy to grow 2D Cs3Bi2Br9 nanoflakes is proposed. The synthesis mechanism revealed by both experiments and theoretical calculations can be mainly ascribed to the passivated Br− vacancies and enhanced structure stability by adding Ag+ which can effectively prevent the oxidation of 2D Cs3Bi2Br9 nanoflakes from growth of hybrid crystals. The synthesized high‐crystallinity 2D Cs3Bi2Br9 nanoflakes possess direct bandgap characteristic, and the mobility lifetime can reach 9.8 × 10−4 cm2 V−1. Excitingly, the fabricated device based on 2D Cs3Bi2Br9 nanoflakes demonstrates ultrahigh sensitivity of detecting X‐ray (1.9 CGyair−1cm−2) at very low driven voltage (0.5 V) due to the photoconductive gain mechanism. The 2D Cs3Bi2Br9 nanoflakes synthesized by SAITC method have great potential for developing highly sensitive optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We used proteomic sequencing and experimental verification to identify the potential ferroptosis-related proteins in ameloblastoma. Methods: Samples of ameloblastoma (n = 14) and normal gingival tissues (n = 5) were collected for proteomic sequencing to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in ameloblastoma. Ferroptosis-related genes were downloaded from FerrDb V2, which were then compared with DEPs to obtain ferroptosis-related DEPs (FR-DEPs). A functional enrichment analysis was performed, and a protein–protein interaction network was built. The hub proteins were screened using the Cytoscape software, and potential drugs targeting them were retrieved from the DrugBank database. A hub protein was selected for immunohistochemical validation, and its expression was assessed in ameloblastomas, odontogenic keratocysts, dentigerous cysts, and normal gingival tissues. The primary ameloblastoma cells were cultured to explore the effect of the protein on the migratory properties of the tumour cells. Results: A total of 58 FR-DEPs were screened, and six hub proteins were identified: mTOR, NFE2L2, PRKCA, STAT3, EGFR, and CDH1. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that mTOR expression was upregulated in ameloblastomas compared with that in odontogenic keratocysts, dentigerous cysts, and normal gingival tissues. p-mTOR was highly expressed in ameloblastomas, with a positivity rate of 83.3%. In addition, rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR, can inhibit the migratory capacity of primary cultured ameloblastoma cells. Conclusion: Our results revealed the ferroptosis-related proteins in ameloblastomas and their underlying biological processes. Additionally, mTOR was overexpressed and was found to be associated with the aggressiveness of ameloblastomas, which may be a potential target for future treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effects of confining pressure, strain rates, and temperatures on the mechanical properties of the Hydroxyl-terminated Polybutadiene (HTPB) propellant, uniaxial tensile tests were performed utilizing wide-temperature-confining pressure systems. The resulting damage was subsequently analyzed and characterized through scanning electron microscopy and mirco-ct. The results indicate that the stress–strain curves of HTPB at 20 and 70 °C are comparable, and the propellant damage is primarily attributed to de-wetting at 20 and 70 °C with respect to the mechanism. At −50 °C, the maximum tensile strength and ultimate tensile strain at 8 MPa surpass those at 0 and 2 MPa to a significant degree and the damage shifts from de-wetting and ductile fracture of particles to severe particle breakage with the elevated confining pressure. Ultimately, the primary curve of the HTPB propellant's maximum tensile strength was constructed by the curve fitting analysis based on the time–temperature equivalent superposition principle (TTSP) and time–pressure equivalent superposition principle (TPSP). Comparing to the properties of TPSP, TTSP exhibits a wider range of applicability and greater fitting precision in relation to the HTPB propellant. This study mainly serves to establish a fundamental theory and furnish data support for the enhancement of mechanical properties and structural integrity of solid rocket motors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing flood forecasting accuracy, promoting rational water resource utilization and management, and mitigating river disasters all hinge on the crucial role of improving the accuracy of daily flow prediction. The coupled model of Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN), Sample Entropy (SE), and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) demonstrates higher stability when faced with nonlinear and non-stationary data, stronger adaptability to various types and lengths of time series data by utilizing sample entropy, and significant advantages in processing sequential data through the BiLSTM network. In this study, in the context of predicting daily flow at the Huayuankou Hydrological Station in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, a coupled CEEMDAN–SE–BiLSTM model was developed and utilized. The results showed that the CEEMDAN–SE–BiLSTM coupled model achieved the utmost accuracy in prediction and optimal fitting performance. Compared with the CEEMDAN–SE–LSTM, CEEMDAN–BiLSTM, and BiLSTM coupled models, the root mean square error (RMSE) of this model is reduced by 42.77, 182.02, and 193.71, respectively; the mean absolute error (MAE) is reduced by 37.62, 118.60, and 126.67, respectively; and the coefficient of determination (R2) is increased by 0.0208, 0.1265, 0.1381. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Solar cells are modern inventions that use the photovoltaic effect to directly convert light energy into electricity, generating electrical charges that are free to move through semiconductors. The semiconductor is typically utilized as the raw material for solar cells. In order to convert energy, electron–hole pairs that are responsible for producing light (photon) energy must be absorbed in a semiconductor, followed by charge carrier separation. Enhancing solar cells’ stability is crucial in engineering because they are used in a variety of environments. Moreover, graphene nanoplatelets (GPLs) have a great deal of potential to enhance ceramic–GNP composites’ mechanical, tribological, electrical, thermal, and biological characteristics, all at once. Machine learning algorithms (MLA) are often used to forecast how various systems would behave. In an MLA network, hyperparameters like the number of hidden layers and learning rate are often selected manually as required. MLA is used in this work to examine spinning cylindrical constructions’ stability at the microscale. In this context, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to optimize the weights and biases of the network. The number of perceptions in the two hidden layers is optimized in a second parallel process using a genetic algorithm. The modified torque–stress theory (MCST) equation’s numerical solution for the dynamic behavior of GPL-reinforced perovskite solar cells was used to train the MLA. It is proposed to guide the spatial discretization of governing equations using the variational differential quadrature (VDQ) method as a direct discretization of the energy functional in the space domain. Lastly, the findings demonstrate that the stability of the current cantilevered solar cell reinforced by GPLs is significantly influenced by curvature, length scale, the shape of the solar cell, and mode number factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Photoperiod‐mediated flowering determines the phenological adaptability of crops including soybean (Glycine max). A genome‐wide association study (GWAS) identified a new flowering time locus, Time of flowering 13 (Tof13), which defined a gene encoding an AP2/ERF transcription factor. This new transcription factor, which we named TOE4b, is localized in the nucleus. TOE4b has been selected for soybean latitude adaptability. The existing natural variant TOE4bH4 was rare in wild soybean accessions but occurred more frequently in landraces and cultivars. Notably, TOE4bH4 improved high‐latitude adaptation of soybean to some extent. The gene‐edited TOE4b knockout mutant exhibited earlier flowering, conversely, TOE4b overexpression delayed flowering time. TOE4b is directly bound to the promoters and gene bodies of the key flowering integration factor genes FT2a and FT5a to inhibit their transcription. Importantly, TOE4b overexpression lines in field trials not only showed late flowering but also altered plant architecture, including shorter internode length, more internodes, more branches and pod number per plant, and finally boosted grain yield per plant by 60% in Guangzhou and 87% in Shijiazhuang. Our findings therefore identified TOE4b as a pleiotropic gene to increase yield potential per plant in soybean, and these results provide a promising option for breeding a soybean variety with an idealized plant architecture that promotes high yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurately and efficiently predicting the fuel consumption of vehicles is the key to improving their fuel economy. This paper provides a comprehensive review of data-driven fuel consumption prediction models. Firstly, by classifying and summarizing relevant data that affect fuel consumption, it was pointed out that commonly used data currently involve three aspects: vehicle performance, driving behavior, and driving environment. Then, from the model structure, the predictive energy and the characteristics of the traditional machine learning model (support vector machine, random forest), the neural network model (artificial neural network and deep neural network), and this paper point out that: (1) the prediction model of fuel consumption based on neural networks has a higher data processing ability, higher training speed, and stable prediction ability; (2) by combining the advantages of different models to build a hybrid model for fuel consumption prediction, the prediction accuracy of fuel consumption can be greatly improved; (3) when comparing the relevant indicts, both the neural network method and the hybrid model consistently exhibit a coefficient of determination above 0.90 and a root mean square error below 0.40. Finally, the summary and prospect analysis are given based on various models' predictive performance and application status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Soybean (Glycine max) is a major source of protein and edible oil world‐wide and is cultivated in a wide range of latitudes. However, it is extremely sensitive to photoperiod, which influences flowering time, maturity, and yield, and severely limits soybean latitude adaptation.In this study, a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) identified a novel locus in accessions harboring the E1 allele, called Time of flowering 8 (Tof8), which promotes flowering and enhances adaptation to high latitude in cultivated soybean. Gene functional analyses showed that Tof8 is an ortholog of Arabidopsis FKF1.We identified two FKF1 homologs in the soybean genome. Both FKF1 homologs are genetically dependent on E1 by binding to E1 promoter to activate E1 transcription, thus repressing FLOWERING LOCUS T 2a (FT2a) and FT5a transcription, which modulate flowering and maturity through the E1 pathway.We also demonstrate that the natural allele FKF1bH3 facilitated adaptation of soybean to high‐latitude environments and was selected during domestication and improvement, leading to its rapid expansion in cultivated soybean. These findings provide novel insights into the roles of FKF1 in controlling flowering time and maturity in soybean and offer new means to fine‐tune adaptation to high latitudes and increase grain yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The identification of prognostic genes can help in the clinical management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there is little overlap in the prognostic genes identified in different NSCLC studies. One reason for this may be the inadequate sample size. Here, the effect of sample size on prognostic genes analysis was investigated based on 515 stage II/III NSCLC cases from two cohorts detected by whole-exome sequencing. Prognostic genes analysis was repeatedly performed 100 times for each sample size level using random resampling methods. In stage II lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) cases from the TCGA Pan-Lung Cancer cohort, the number of statistically significant prognostic genes first increased with sample size in a power law, then fluctuated steadily, and finally decreased slightly. The power law growth curves were also observed in stage III LUAD and LUSC cases from the TCGA Pan-Lung Cancer cohort and stage III Chinese LUAD cases from the OncoSG cohort. The correlation R2 of the fitted power law growth curves were all greater than 0.99. In addition, at the sample size level where the number of prognostic genes peaked, the mean proportion of true prognostic genes in patients with stage II LUAD and LUSC was 28.32% and 23.12%, which could partly explain the little overlap in prognostic genes between reports. In conclusion, the number of prognostic genes takes a power law growth with the sample size in NSCLC, independent of histopathological subtype, race, and stage. These results also show how sample size affects the reliability of prognostic genes and will aid trial design for genomic mutation-based prognostic studies in NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a typical photoperiod‐sensitive crop, such that photoperiod determines its flowering time, maturity, grain yield, and phenological adaptability. During evolution, the soybean genome has undergone two duplication events, resulting in about 75% of all genes being represented by multiple copies, which is associated with rampant gene redundancy. Among duplicated genes, the important soybean maturity gene E2 has two homologs, E2‐Like a (E2La) and E2‐Like b (E2Lb), which encode orthologs of Arabidopsis GIGANTEA (GI). Although E2 was cloned a decade ago, we still know very little about its contribution to flowering time and even less about the function of its homologs. Here, we generated single and double mutants in E2, E2La, and E2Lb by genome editing and determined that E2 plays major roles in the regulation of flowering time and yield, with the two E2 homologs depending on E2 function. At high latitude regions, e2 single mutants showed earlier flowering and high grain yield. Remarkably, in terms of genetic relationship, genes from the legume‐specific transcription factor family E1 were epistatic to E2. We established that E2 and E2‐like proteins form homodimers or heterodimers to regulate the transcription of E1 family genes, with the homodimer exerting a greater function than the heterodimers. In addition, we established that the H3 haplotype of E2 is the ancestral allele and is mainly restricted to low latitude regions, from which the loss‐of‐function alleles of the H1 and H2 haplotypes were derived. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the function of the H3 allele is stronger than that of the H1 haplotype in the regulation of flowering time, which has not been shown before. Our findings provide excellent allelic combinations for classical breeding and targeted gene disruption or editing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coverage analysis is an essential process when designing a satellite constellation, and the variations of global revisit characteristics are usually elusive in discontinuous coverage problems. In dealing with this, a general method for analyzing the global revisit characteristics of constellations with repeating ground track orbits is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a two-dimensional map based analytical model for the point coverage of constellations is introduced. Then, the variations of revisit characteristics along both the parallel and meridian are analyzed based on the presented analytical model. Finally, numerical examples are carried out. On the one hand, the proposed analytical model for point coverage is demonstrated to be of high precision. On the other hand, all possible positions where the discontinuous changes of revisit characteristics occur can be analytically obtained, which can reveal the discontinuous variations of revisit characteristics along both the parallel and meridian, and can also ensure that all possible global or regional revisit characteristics are counted for a given constellation. The proposed method can contribute to constellation design and coverage performance analysis. • An analytical model for the coverage calculation of satellite constellations is developed. • Conditions for the appearance of the discontinuous changes of global revisit characteristics are deduced analytically. • Variations of the revisit characteristics of satellite constellations along both the parallel and meridian are revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore diabetes-related knowledge levels among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the influencing factors, correlations and paths of patients' mental and emotional status based on a structural equation model. A total of 1512 patients with T2DM in 18 tertiary general hospitals in Hunan Province. A descriptive correlational study. The study was conducted and surveyed with the general information questionnaires, including the Audit of Diabetes Knowledge (AD knowl), the Problem Areas in Diabetes 5 scale (PAID-5) and the World Health Organization Five-Item Well-Being Index (WHO-5). The structural equation model showed that PAID-5 and WHO-5 scores (P < 0.05) were affected by diabetes self-management, medical history/treatment and knowledge. According to the model, the common risk factors affecting the mental and emotional status of diabetic patients were general demographic characteristics (less exercise time and greater economic burden), medical history/treatment of diabetes (longer course of disease, more hospitalizations due to diabetes, and more acute or chronic complications), and lower levels of diabetes-related knowledge. In addition, solitude was also a risk factor for low levels of happiness. The diabetes-related knowledge levels of T2DM patients are very low, and these patients generally experience emotional disorders, which deserves close attention. The structural equation model can be used to explore the influencing factors and correlations of the psychological and emotional status of diabetic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) accounts for more than 90% of all renal cancers. The five-year survival rate of early-stage (TNM 1) ccRCC reaches 96%, while the advanced-stage (TNM 4) is only 23%. Therefore, early screening of patients with renal cancer is essential for the treatment of renal cancer and the long-term survival of patients. In this study, blood samples of patients were collected and a pre-defined set of blood indicators were measured. A random forest (RF) model was established to predict based on each indicator in the blood, and was trained with all relevant indicators for comprehensive predictions. In our study, we found that there was a high statistical significance (p < 0.001) for all indicators of healthy individuals and early cancer patients, except for uric acid (UA). At the same time, ccRCC also presented great differences in most blood indicators between males and females. In addition, patients with ccRCC had a higher probability of developing a low ratio of albumin (ALB) to globulin (GLB) (AGR < 1.2). Eight key indicators were used to classify and predict renal cell carcinoma. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of the eight-indicator model was as high as 0.932, the sensitivity was 88.2%, and the specificity was 86.3%, which are acceptable in many applications, thus realising early screening for renal cancer by blood indicators in a simple blood-draw physical examination. Furthermore, the composite indicator prediction method described in our study can be applied to other clinical conditions or diseases, where multiple blood indicators may be key to enhancing the diagnostic potential of screening strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A design model of hybrid constellations for Earth discontinuous coverage is established. • An analytical method for coverage analysis of hybrid constellations is proposed. • The superiority of hybrid constellations is demonstrated. This paper mainly deals with the configuration design of hybrid constellations for Earth discontinuous coverage. Firstly, a general design model of the hybrid constellation with synchronous orbital precession and multiple repeating ground tracks is developed. Then, to cope with the massive coverage calculation during the constellation design process, an analytical method for rapid coverage analysis of hybrid constellations is proposed. Finally, numerical examples are carried out, and several hybrid constellation design cases are proposed. Results indicate that the proposed coverage analysis method is demonstrated to be of high precision, and the designed hybrid constellations can achieve superior coverage performance compared with conventional Walker constellations. This research can be conducive to hybrid constellations design and Earth discontinuous coverage analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wireless sensor network (WSN), a communication system widely used in the Internet of Things, usually collects physical data in a natural environment and monitors abnormal events. Because of the redundancy of natural data, a compressed-sensing-based model offers energy-efficient data processing to overcome the energy shortages and uneven consumption problems of a WSN. However, the convex relaxation method, which is widely used for a compressed-sensing-based WSN, is not sufficient for reducing data processing energy consumption. In addition, when abnormal events occur, the redundancy of the original data is destroyed, which makes the traditional compressed sensing methods ineffective. In this paper, we use a non-convex fraction function as the surrogate function of the ℓ 0 -norm, which achieves lower energy consumption of the sensor nodes. Moreover, considering abnormal event monitoring in a WSN, we propose a new data construction model and apply an alternate direction iterative thresholding algorithm, which avoids extra measurements, unlike previous algorithms. The results showed that our models and algorithms reduced the WSN's energy consumption during abnormal events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with numerical solutions to Volterra integro-differential equations with weakly singular kernels. Making use of the transformed fractional Jacobi polynomials, we develop a class of piecewise fractional Galerkin methods for solving this kind of Volterra equation. Then, we study the existence, uniqueness and convergence properties of Galerkin solutions by exploiting the decaying rate of the coefficients of the transformed fractional Jacobi series. Finally, numerical experiments are carried out to illustrate the performance of the piecewise Galerkin solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The laser ultrasonic method using the characteristics of transmitted Rayleigh waves in the frequency domain to determine micro-crack depth is proposed. A low-pass filter model based on the interaction between Rayleigh waves and surface cracks is built and shows that the stop band, called the sensitive frequency range, is sensitive to the depth of surface cracks. The sum of transmission coefficients in the sensitive frequency range is defined as an evaluated parameter to determine crack depth. Moreover, the effects of the sensitive frequency range and measured distance on the evaluated results are analyzed by the finite-element method to validate the robustness of this depth-evaluating method. The estimated results of surface cracks with depths ranging from 0.08 mm to ~0.5 mm on the FEM models and aluminum-alloy samples demonstrate that the laser ultrasounds using the characteristics of Rayleigh waves in the frequency domain do work for quantitative crack depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the exciton dynamics due to the electron delocalization in InP‐based quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs), the exciton dynamics are systematically controlled in InP‐based QLEDs through varying the shell thicknesses of InP/ZnSe quantum dots (QDs) and the effective electrical field (E‐field) across the QDs. It is found that the field‐independent energy transfer is effectively suppressed as the shell thickness increases. However, InP/ZnSe QDs with thicker shells only have limited benefit for suppressing the exciton transfer due to field‐enhanced electron delocalization in films on electron transport layers or working devices. The field‐assisted exciton transfer is mainly driven by the large E‐field and field‐enhanced electron delocalization in InP/ZnSe QDs. External quantum efficiency of 22.56% is achieved in InP‐based QLEDs by reducing the effective E‐field (at 2 V bias). The breakthrough luminance of 136 090 cd/m−2 is achieved at a large bias of 7.2 V, due to the suppression of field‐enhanced electron delocalization by the ultra‐thick shell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Response of rhizosphere microbial community structure and co-occurrence patterns to liquid organic fertilizer in sunflower cropland was investigated. Moderate and severe saline-alkaline soils were treated with liquid organic fertilizer containing mainly small molecular organic compounds (450 g L–1) at a rate of 4500 L ha–1 year−1 over 2 years. Compared with the untreated soils, organic fertilizer treatment increased soil nutrient concentrations by 13.8–137.1% while reducing soil pH and salinity by 5.6% and 54.7%, respectively. Organic fertilizer treatment also improved sunflower yield, plant number, and plant height by 28.6–67.3%. Following organic fertilizer treatment, fungal α-diversity was increased, and the effects of salinity-alkalinity stress on rhizosphere microbial communities were alleviated. The relative abundances of some halotolerant microbes and phytopathogenic fungi were reduced in organic fertilizer-treated soils, in contrast to increases in the relative abundances of plant growth-promoting microbes and organic matter decomposers, such as Nocardioides, Rhizophagus, and Stachybotrys. Network analysis revealed that severe salinity-alkalinity stress stimulated cooperation among bacteria, while organic fertilizer treatment tended to stimulate the ecosystem functions of fungi with higher proportions of fungi-bacteria and fungi-fungi links. More keystone taxa (e.g., Amycolatopsis, Variovorax, and Gemmatimonas) were positively correlated with soil nutrient concentrations and crop yield-related traits in organic fertilizer-treated soils. Overall, liquid organic fertilizer amendment could attenuate the adverse effects of salinity-alkalinity stress on sunflower yield by improving soil quality and optimizing rhizosphere microbial community structure and co-occurrence patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel alkaline filler is developed for improving the efficiency of high temperature reduction of HgCl 2. • Cl species adsorption behaviors on earth metal oxides are predicted by DFT. • Frontier molecular orbital reveals the orbital energy level difference is intrinsic driving force of binding difference. • The optimal filler is calcium acetate monohydrate as precursor with 50% loading and SiC as carrier. • Field experimental validation demonstrates industrial feasibility of alkaline filler with an error below 7%. The reduction of Hg2+ to Hg0 through high temperature is a crucial technique for mercury monitoring. However, this application encounters two challenges: suboptimal thermal conditions in the reaction zone leading to incomplete decomposition of Hg2+ and the susceptibility of the decomposed Hg0 to re-oxidation by Cl species. This work proposes a novel alkaline filler with alkaline earth metal oxides (AEMOs) as the active component, which enhances the thermal conditions of the reaction while effectively removing Cl species. DFT reveals increased adsorption energies of AEMOs for HCl and Cl with the growing atomic period. Further comparison of the electronic structures and adsorption behaviors between AEMOs and Cl species indicates a similar trend in electron transfer and electron density at the bond critical points. The frontier molecular orbital analysis shows a positive correlation between orbital energy level difference and adsorption energy. Experimental validation of the DFT results, combined with a comparison of costs and de-HCl performance, identifies CaO as the optimal active component. Subsequently, the CaO is loaded onto SiC, and the impact of precursor and loading ratio on the composite performance is investigated through experiments and characterization. The optimal preparation method involves using calcium acetate monohydrate as the precursor with a loading rate of 50 %. Finally, the developed alkaline filler is tested in a Hg-CEMS for industrial application, it shows errors of below 7 % compared to the EPA Method 30B results, validating its industrial feasibility. This work offers a practical solution for Hg2+ high-temperature reduction in industrial settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoperiod sensitivity is crucial for soybean flowering, adaptation, and yield. In soybean, photoperiod sensitivity centers around the evening complex (EC) that regulates the transcriptional level of the core transcription factor E1, thereby regulating flowering. However, little is known about the regulation of the activity of EC. Our study identifies how E2/GIGANTEA (GI) and its homologs modulate photoperiod sensitivity through interactions with the EC. During long days, E2 interacts with the blue-light receptor flavin-binding, kelch repeat, F box 1 (FKF1), leading to the degradation of J/ELF3, an EC component. EC also suppresses E2 expression by binding to its promoter. This interplay forms a photoperiod regulatory loop, maintaining sensitivity to photoperiod. Disruption of this loop leads to losing sensitivity, affecting soybean's adaptability and yield. Understanding this loop's dynamics is vital for molecular breeding to reduce soybean's photoperiod sensitivity and develop cultivars with better adaptability and higher yields, potentially leading to the creation of photoperiod-insensitive varieties for broader agricultural applications. [Display omitted] • E2 and FKF1 form a complex to degrade evening complex component J • LUX and J bind to E2 gene body to inhibit its transcription • E2 and EC are crucial members in regulating photoperiod sensitivity Photoperiod sensitivity, essential for crop adaptation and productivity, is regulated in soybean by a feedback mechanism demonstrated by Zhao et al. where E2 and FKF1 degrade the evening complex, and the evening complex suppresses E2 transcription. This feedback loop is critical for establishing soybean's sensitivity to photoperiod. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new method was developed for rapid quality evaluation of Panax notoginseng powder (PNP). • In identifying PNP grade and adulteration, the highest accuracy reached 100 %. • The evaluation system for adulterated PNP (AD-PNP) was established. • We found a relationship between the AIS information and the saponin content of AD-PNP. • The electronic tongue was more suitable for the quality evaluation of AD-PNP. Panax notoginseng powder (PNP) has high medicinal value and is widely used in the medical and health food industries. However, the adulteration of PNP in the market has dramatically reduced its efficacy. Therefore, this study intends to use artificial intelligence sensory (AIS) and multi-source information fusion (MIF) technology to try to establish a quality evaluation system for different grades of PNP and adulterated Panax notoginseng powder (AD-PNP). The highest accuracy rate reached 100% in identifying PNP grade and adulteration. In the prediction of adulteration ratio and total saponin content, the optimal determination coefficients of the test set were 0.9965 and 0.9948, respectively, and the root mean square errors were 0.0109 and 0.0123, respectively. Therefore, the grade identification method of PNP and the evaluation system of AD-PNP based on AIS and MIF technology can rapidly and accurately evaluate the quality of PNP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cluster of Differentiation 44 (CD44) is considered an important biomarker for various cancers, and achieving highly sensitive detection of CD44 is crucial, which plays a significant role in tumor invasion and metastasis, providing essential information for clinical tumor diagnosis. Commonly used methods for analysis include fluorescence spectroscopy (FL), photoelectrochemical analysis (PEC), electrochemical analysis (EC), and commercial ELISA kits. Although these methods offer high sensitivity, they can be relatively complex to perform experimentally. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) has gained widespread research attention due to its high sensitivity, ease of operation, effective spatiotemporal control, and close to zero background signal. In this work, a sandwich-type ECL immunosensor for detecting CD44 was constructed using luminol as a luminophore. In this sensing platform, bimetallic MOFs (Pd@FeNi-MIL-88B) loaded with palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) were used as a novel enzyme mimic, exhibiting excellent catalytic performance towards the electroreduction of H 2 O 2. The hybrids provided a strong support platform for luminol and antibodies, significantly enhancing the initial ECL signal of luminol. Subsequently, core-shell Au@MnO 2 nanocomposites were synthesised by gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) encapsulated in manganese dioxide (MnO 2) thin layers, as labels. In the luminol/H 2 O 2 system, Au@MnO 2 exhibited strong light absorption in the broad UV–vis spectrum, similar to the black body effect, and the scavenging effect of Mn2+ on O 2 •−, which achieved the dual-quenching of ECL signal. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the immunosensor demonstrated a detection range of 0.1 pg mL−1 − 100 ng mL−1, with a detection limit of 0.069 pg mL−1. Based on Pd@FeNi-MIL-88B nanoenzymes and Au@MnO 2 nanocomposites, a dual-quenching sandwich-type ECL immunosensor for the detection of CD44 was constructed. The proposed immunosensor exhibited excellent reproducibility, stability, selectivity, and sensitivity, and provided a valuable analytical strategy and technical platform for the accurate detection of disease biomarkers, and opened up potential application prospects for early clinical treatment. [Display omitted] • FeNi-MIL-88B acted as peroxidase-like nanoenzymes, enhancing ECL signal of luminol. • Mn2+ released from the reduction of MnO 2 with GSH quenched ECL signal of luminol. • The dual-quenching mechanism was ascribed to consumption of O 2 •− and like-black body effect. • The immunosensor exhibited a low detection limit of 0.069 pg mL−1 for CD44 detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel g-C 3 N 4 is developed as efficient selective adsorbent for HgCl 2 and Hg0. • EDD and DOS reveals the binding of g-C 3 N 4 with HgCl 2 and Hg0 is not chemical interaction. • QTAIM and IRI prove the binding depends on van der Waals force. • COHP confirms polyatomic co-binding is responsible for the separation of HgCl 2 and Hg0. • g-C 3 N 4 possesses potential for thermal regeneration. The partitioning of Hg0 and HgCl 2 with selective adsorbent is an essential technology for the mercury continuous emission monitoring system (Hg-CEMS), but the existing adsorbents fail to satisfy the prolonged operational demands of Hg-CEMS due to the irreversible deactivation. This work proposed a novel regenerable selective adsorbent material, g-C 3 N 4 , and delved into the selective adsorption behaviors of Hg0 and HgCl 2 on the g-C 3 N 4 using DFT calculations and experiments. The results show that g-C 3 N 4 has a strong affinity for HgCl 2 , with the binding energy of −0.843 eV, whereas Hg0 is only weakly adsorbed. The electronic structure and weak interaction analysis reveal both Hg0 and HgCl 2 are coupled to g-C 3 N 4 via van der Waals. Further, COHP calculation demonstrates that the adsorption of Hg0 and HgCl 2 on g-C 3 N 4 is essentially the consequence of polyatomic co-binding and the parallel triatomic structure of HgCl 2 , which binds to more C/N atoms, thereby leading to the greater binding energy. The experiments confirmed the effective capability of g-C 3 N 4 in separating Hg0 and HgCl 2 , along with its thermal regeneration potential. It maintains a breakthrough rate of over 98 % for Hg0 and less than 1.6 % for HgCl 2. This work updates the conventional chemical adsorption-based methods for the separation of Hg0 and HgCl 2 , enhances the comprehension of separating both Hg0 and HgCl 2 while concurrently broadening the understanding of the interaction between g-C 3 N 4 and small molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To be investigated whether Th17/Treg cells regulated by Interleukin-6 in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Methods: The distributions of Th17 and Treg cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and tissues got from 46 CRSwNP patients and 14 controls were evaluated. Th17 and Treg cells and cells-related cytokines in serum were assessed in means of cytometric bead array (CBA) multiplex assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Spleen cells were isolated from spleen of 20 normal BALB/c mice (male), isolated and purified with CD4 antibody immunomagnetic bead kit. CD4+ cells were divided into three groups, including TGF-β1, TGF-β1+ IL-6 and control (PBS). Treg and Th17 cells and cells related cytokines were detected by flow cytometry (FCM) after collecting spleen cells. The level of IL‐10 and IL‐17 in supernatant was measured by ELISA. Results: Th17/Treg ratio and the level of IL-6 in both ECRSwNP (P < 0.05) and non-ECRSwNP (P < 0.05) were significantly increased when compared with control group, these were consistent with the previous findings. Experiments in vitro suggested that the level of Th17 cells in IL-6+ TGF-β1 group was significantly increased than TGF-β1 group and control group (P < 0.05). The ratio of cells expressed RoRγt in IL-6+ TGF-β1 group was much higher than TGF-β1 group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: IL-6 might regulate the function of Th17 and Treg cells and the Th17/Treg ratio and have a role in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of Earth-Moon transfer orbit, many parameters are involved and the degree of influence varies among the parameters. How to accurately distinguish the influence relationship between different parameters is of great significance to engineering missions. Based on Sobol sequence sampling method and Sobol global sensitivity analysis method, a calculation process of global sensitivity analysis is proposed in this paper for high-fidelity Earth-Moon transfer orbit. A numerical simulation method is used to verify that the Sobol sequence sampling method has better convergence and higher precision than other sampling methods and has better adaptability in global sensitivity analysis. The effects of different state parameters and the combination of different parameters on the perilune parameters of Earth-Moon transfer orbit are given by simulation examples, which verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of the calculation process proposed in this paper. Simulation results show that the radial position and tangential velocity at the trans-lunar injection point are the main sensitivity parameters, and the other parameters have little effect on the results. The sensitivity of the orbital elements at the trans-lunar injection point to the perilune parameters is different and needs to be determined according to the specific parameters. The results of this study can provide important reference for future Earth-Moon transfer orbit design and related engineering missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent progress in using real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning has motivated the exploration of its application due to its high accuracy and efficiency. However, poorly-observed satellite data will cause unfixed ambiguities and markedly biased solutions. A novel partial ambiguity resolution method, named the irrespective of integer ambiguity resolution (IIAR) model, is proposed and applied to improve the reliability of ambiguity resolution. The proposed method contains initial ambiguity resolution and irrespective of integer ambiguity processes. The initial ambiguity resolution process applies an iterative partial ambiguity resolution method to obtain an approximate solution. The irrespective of integer ambiguity process transforms the approximate solution to a high-precision solution. Experiments show that the approximate solution is unreliable when the initial ambiguity resolution process has small redundancy, and the proposed method can obtain better results for those cases. The IIAR method showed about a 40% improvement of multi-GNSS ambiguity success rate and about a 25% improvement of standard deviation. Therefore, these results show that the proposed IIAR method can improve the results of multi-GNSS RTK positioning significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near-infrared photothermal nanomaterial is expected to synergize chemotherapy and photothermal therapy, which provided a higher tumor therapeutic effect than single therapy. In this article, the hollow mesoporous polydopamine (HMPDA) microcapsules modified with gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared as nanodrug carriers using silica as the templates. The adsorption properties of HMPDA@AuNPs microcapsules for methylene blue (MB) dyes were studied, as well as the load and release properties for adriamycin hydrochloride (DOX) and in vitro cytotoxicity. Finally, the photothermal properties of the above microcapsules were investigated. The results showed that the HMPDA@AuNPs microcapsules had high photothermal conversion efficiency, the average DOX capacity of the carriers was 334.78 mg/g within 24 h, and the release rate was about 44.8% under photothermal conditions within 8 h. The preparation process of HMPDA@AuNPs microcapsules was simple and mild, with excellent drug loading capacity, pH-targeted release performance, good photothermal property and biocompatibility. The combination of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy made it valuable as a drug carrier in the application of tumor diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A direct abort orbit design method is presented for direct abort missions in the Earth-Moon transfer phase of crewed lunar exploration missions. First, according to the demand of an emergency rescue in the Earth-Moon transfer phase, two direct abort orbit schemes are introduced. Then, a serial orbit design method is proposed for a high-fidelity direct abort orbit. An analytical model is established for the calculation of initial values, and the optimization design is performed in the high-fidelity orbit model to determine a single-impulse abort orbit. A hybrid optimization design process is proposed to generate a two-impulse abort orbit. The results of simulation examples verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed direct abort orbit design method. Finally, extensive simulations are carried out to analyze the characteristics of abort impulse and abort return time and reveal the general rules of direct abort orbits. The research conclusions can provide a reference for the design of emergency rescue schemes in future crewed lunar exploration missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hemibiotrophic pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana causes root rot, leaf blotching, and black embryos in wheat and barley worldwide, resulting in significant yield and quality reductions. However, the mechanism underlying the host–pathogen interactions between B. sorokiniana and wheat or barley remains unknown. The B. sorokiniana genome encodes a large number of uncharacterized putative effector proteins. In this study, we identified a putative secreted protein, CsSp1, with a classic N‐terminal signal peptide, that is induced during early infection. A split‐marker approach was used to knock out CsSP1 in the Lankao 9‐3 strain. Compared with the wild type, the deletion mutant ∆Cssp1 displayed less radial growth on potato dextrose agar plates and produced fewer spores, and complementary transformation completely restored the phenotype of the deletion mutant to that of the wild type. The pathogenicity of the deletion mutant in wheat was attenuated even though appressoria still penetrated the host. Additionally, the infectious hyphae in the deletion mutant became swollen and exhibited reduced growth in plant cells. The signal peptide of CsSp1 was functionally verified through a yeast YTK12 secretion system. Transient expression of CsSp1 in Nicotiana benthamiana inhibited lesion formation caused by Phytophthora capsici. Moreover, CsSp1 localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm of plant cells. In B. sorokiniana‐infected wheat leaves, the salicylic acid‐regulated genes TaPAL, TaPR1, and TaPR2 were down‐regulated in the ∆Cssp1 strain compared with the wild‐type strain under the same conditions. Therefore, CsSp1 is a virulence effector and is involved in triggering host immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tensor completion(TC) problem has attracted wide attention due to its significant practical significance and broad application background. Various approaches have been used to solve this problem, including approximating the rank function through its convex envelope, the tensor nuclear norm. However, due to the gap between the rank function and its convex envelope, this approach often fails to achieve satisfactory recovery. Recent developments have highlighted that non-explicit non-convex functions, especially the one induced by the Smooth Hard(SH) shrinkage operator, can approximate the l 0 norm more effectively compared to other methods, and this function facilitates the reconstruction of noisy MRI data with minimal sampling rate requirements. In our paper, we implement the SH shrinkage operator within the TC framework, achieving accurate tensor data recovery at lower sampling rates. Moreover, we adopt a method that adaptively generates transformation matrices based on specific features of the data, which, compared to traditional TC models, can better exploit the inherent low-rank properties of tensor data. Additionally, our approach integrates a reweighting strategy to efficiently merge tensors recovered from various dimensions. Finally, a feasible minimization algorithm is proposed, which combines the non-explicit non-convex regularizer and self-adaptive transforms. It is proven that the constructed sequence of the proposed algorithm is a Cauchy sequence and can converge to a stable point. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our proposed approach can achieve accurate tensor recovery at lower sampling rates compared to other methods. • We apply the SAT method to each dimension. • We combine the SH shrinkage operator with the SAT method. • we reweight the recovered tensors obtained from each dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of Ce-M(Cu, Co and Fe) catalysts were synthesized via sol–gel methods. In situ DRIFTS was introduced to explored the process of toluene degradation, confirming oxygen vacancies played an important role. [Display omitted] • Ce-Cu sample exhibited best catalytic activity and stability for toluene oxidation. • Superb activity was attributed to high Ce3+/ Ce4+ and high O ads /O latt. • The oxygen vacancies were modulated by different metal doping. • Benzoic acid was key intermediates in toluene catalysis by in situ DRIFT analysis. A series of CeO 2 samples modified with various metals M (M = Cu, Co and Fe) were synthesized via a simple sol–gel approach. The experimental results showed that there were significant differences in the catalytic activities between different metal-doped Ce-based catalysts. The Ce-Cu sample possessed excellent catalytic activity at low temperatures, and 90 % conversion of toluene was at 255 ℃, which was due to the presence of ample oxygen vacancies (O v). Three degradation pathways for toluene oxidation were inferred based on the in situ DRIFTS. The Ce-Cu catalysts possessed abundant O v , which improved the conversion between O ads → O latt and the breakage of aromatic rings, thus reducing the production of intermediates. The Ce-Co and Ce-Fe catalysts owned few amounts of O v species, leading to an extensive amount of by-products. Furthermore, the loss of active sites inhibited the reaction rate, causing the inferior catalytic performance of the Ce-Co and Ce-Fe samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid urbanization poses the potential risk of overload and collapse for cities. Addressing the problems brought about by rapid urbanization to ensure urban safety and sustainable development has become particularly urgent and crucial, especially for regions with high ecological vulnerability and weak economic foundations. This study utilizes panel data spanning from 2013 to 2020 and applies the entropy weight-TOPSIS model to assess the urban resilience of 54 cities within the Yellow River Basin. It explores the temporal evolution, spatial distribution, and dynamics of urban resilience. Further, through the application of the Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression model, the research investigates the drivers of urban resilience, considering temporal and spatial variations. Findings indicate a consistent increase in urban resilience across the Yellow River Basin, albeit with widening regional disparities. The spatial pattern of urban resilience exhibits a gradient decline from downstream to midstream and then upstream. The impact of various factors on urban resilience differs by region, with technological innovation emerging as the most influential. To foster a sustainable future, the Yellow River Basin should prioritize technological innovation, particularly in industrial cities, and advocate for the adoption of green technologies to diminish resource consumption and mitigate environmental pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon fibers reinforced hydroxyapatite-polymer composites (CHP) has greatly promising applications in the field of artificial joint replacement, where the integration of splendid biotribological properties and mechanical strength are demanded. Herein, silicon nitride nanowires (SN) with networked structure are introduced to CHP and used as reinforcement materials to form SN reinforced CHP (SN–CHP). The results show that SN with networked structure can provide more deposition sites for hydroxyapatite (HA), increase the cohesion of polymer matrix and strengthen the fiber/polymer interface bonding. With the introduction of SN, mechanical and biotribological properties of SN-CHP exhibit obvious promotion. The shear and compressive strengths of SN-CHP are increased by 28.1 % ± 8.7 % and 28.4 ± 3.8 % compared with CHP, respectively. Furthermore, the friction coefficient and wear rate are reduced by 23.9 % ± 4.3 % and 28.9 % ± 3.8 %, respectively. This work offers a perspective for the fabrication of composite materials with superior cohesion and interface bonding, showing promising applications in artificial joint. • SN formed a networked structure in the carbon fiber gaps. • Networked SN enhanced the mechanical and biotribological properties of SN-CHP. • The reinforcement mechanism of SN on SN-CHP was investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The re-oxidation of Hg0 by Cl, HCl, ClO, Cl 2 hinders the HTR reaction. • A novel alkaline dechlorination agent is developed for adsorbing Cl-related species. • Two-stage filling dechlorination agent can meet the requirements of Hg-CEMS. • DFT indicates dechlorination agent eliminate Cl, HCl, ClO at elevated temperatures but not Cl 2. The high temperature reduction (HTR) of flue gas divalent mercury to elemental mercury is the core technology for the mercury continuous emission monitoring system (Hg-CEMS). In this work, the high temperature reduction of HgCl 2 to Hg0 was systematically investigated. The results show that HgCl 2 can entirely decompose to Hg0 at 800 °C, but Cl, ClO, Cl 2 , and HCl can easily oxidize Hg0 at low temperature. A new efficient alkaline dechlorination agent for eliminating these Cl species was proposed firstly. The dechlorination agent can efficiently capture the HCl, Cl, and ClO but fail to completely adsorb Cl 2. Consequently, a scheme was created that a pair of dechlorination agents were filled in inlet and outlet of the HTR furnace respectively. It features that the upper layer removes HCl and prevents the generation of Cl 2 because HCl is the precursor of Cl 2 , and the lower layer adsorbs the Cl and ClO generated by the HTR process. The feasibility of the method was successfully verified in both a fixed-bed reactor and a Hg-CEMS pretreatment device. DFT calculation indicates that the adsorption of Cl, ClO, and HCl on CaO falls into the category of strong chemisorption while Cl 2 is weakly chemisorbed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intrauterine infection would harm a developing embryo/fetus, thereby increasing the risk of developmental malformation. But, whether or not the infection‐induced inflammation affects neural crest development still remains obscure. In this study, we employed meta‐analysis to demonstrate the potential correlation between infection‐induced inflammation and craniofacial anomalies, which was usually derived from the problems in neural crest cell development. The correlation was further verified by inflammatory cytokine release and the activation of nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain enhancer of activated B cells signaling in lipopolysaccharide‐treated HH10 chicken embryos. In such an inflammatory condition, AP‐2α‐ and Pax7‐labeled pre‐migratory and migratory neural crest cells in HH10 chicken embryos were significantly less than the ones in control. The bioinformatics analysis of RNA‐seq data demonstrated that the principal differential gene expression occurred in transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) signaling pathway, which was confirmed by the subsequent experimental results of quantitative PCR and immunofluorescent staining. Under this inflammatory circumstance, whole‐mount in situ hybridization, immunofluorescence, and quantitative PCR showed the gene expression changes of key EMT‐related transcription factors including upregulated Msx1, downregulated Slug, and FoxD3, as well as adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix protein including upregulated Cadherrin6B, E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin, and Laminin at the dorsal portion of neural tube of HH10 chicken embryos. Meanwhile, the bioinformatics analysis of RNA‐seq data also manifested the differential gene expressions relevant to cell proliferation, which was confirmed by proliferating cell nuclear antigen Western blot data and co‐immunofluorescence staining of human natural killer‐1 and phosphorylated histone H3. In brief, this study revealed for the first time that the double‐edged sword role of TGF‐β signaling pathway between intrauterine inflammation (protective role) and cranial neural crest development (harmful role). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the casting of large-size motors often adopts pressure cure. This technology can effectively reduce the risk of damage to the structural integrity of the grain in the case-bonded casting solid rocket motor. In this paper, ABAQUS is used to establish a finite element model of star-shaped grains. The whole process of pressure cure was simulated and modeled, and the Python script was redeveloped. The Evol evolutionary algorithm was used in ISIGHT to optimize the load parameters such as pressure value, attenuation coefficient of the relief curve, and the attenuation coefficient of the cooling curve. The effects of different pressure values and different cooling and depressurizing rates on the residual stress and strain were analyzed. The optimization results show that the closer the pressure value is to the theoretical pressure, the more significant the effect of pressure cure. However, the effect of stress and strain reduction in different directions is slightly different. The different cooling and pressure relief rates have a great influence on the process quantity. Pressure cure works best when the pressure attenuation coefficient is equal to 6850, and the temperature attenuation coefficient is equal to 8650. The optimization analysis of pressure curing provides a reference for engineering practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Pancreatic cancer (PC) has a poor prognosis and high mortality. Kruppel‐like factor 9 (KLF9), a transcription factor, is aberrantly expressed in various neoplasms. The current study sought to analyze the functional role of KLF9 in the proliferation, invasion, and migration of PC cells. Methods: The expression patterns of KLF9 and KIAA1522 in normal pancreatic cells (HPDE‐C7) and PC cells (Panc 03.27, BxPc3, SW1990) were determined by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assay. After treatment of KLF9 overexpression, proliferation, invasion, and migration were evaluated by cell counting kit‐8, 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine staining, and Transwell assays. The binding of KLF9 to the KIAA1522 promoter was analyzed by dual‐luciferase assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation. The rescue experiment was conducted to analyze the role of KIAA1522. Results: KLF9 was downregulated, while KIAA1522 was upregulated in PC cells. KLF9 overexpression mitigated the proliferation, invasion, and migration of PC cells. Enrichment of KLF9 led to inhibition of the KIAA1522 promoter and repressed KIAA1522 expression. KIAA1522 overexpression neutralized the inhibitory role of KLF9 in PC cell functions. Conclusion: KLF9 is enriched in the KIAA1522 promoter and negatively regulates KIAA1522 expression, thereby mitigating the proliferation, invasion, and migration of PC cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]