Search

In order to explore the failure behavior of heat-insulating and abradable seal coating，the effects of interface roughness and the abradable structure of the surface layer near the interface on the cracking of the composite coating were investigated.The cohesive zone model and the phase-field damage method were used to describe the overall peeling of cracks along the interface and the internal fracture behavior of abradable surface layer.Moreover，the peeling failure mechanism of coating was revealed.Results showed that the bonding strength and cracking tendency of the coating presented opposite change laws with the increase of interface roughness.On the one hand，the effective contact area of the non-damaging composite coating interface increased，and the bonding strength increased.On the other hand，with the increase of roughness，the internal fracture of the surface layer became easier.Therefore，the interface roughness should be optimized reasonably.In addition，the pore of surface layer near the interface could reduce the bonding strength at the interface.Based on this，an appropriate interface roughness was selected，and an anti-cracking compact transition layer was introduced between the thermal insulation layer and the abradable surface layer to eliminate the weakening effect of surface layer pores on the interface strength of composite coatings and design an anti-cracking coating.

The new generation of aero-engines has higher requirements for thrust-to-weight ratios，and the clearance between the blade-tip and the engine casing is one of the key factors affecting the efficiency of the engine.Preparing abradable seal coatings on the inner wall of the casing can effectively reduce airflow leakage and prevent the tip from rubbing against the casing，thus enable the engine to operate efficiently and safely.Abradable seal coatings usually have high porosity.However，high porosity tends to reduce the strength of the abradable layer/ceramic thermal barrier layer interface，leading to the overall spalling of the abradable coating.Therefore，the structure-matching design of abradable seal layer/ceramic thermal barrier layer interface was conducted.On the basis of ensuring the abradable seal function of the coating，while enhancing the spalling resistance at interface between the two.Firstly，numerical analysis showed that the increase in pores characteristic size and porosity at the interface of the abradable layer/ceramic layer would increase the spalling risk of the abradable layer along the interface.Secondly，a structure-matching design for the abradable seal coating was proposed，which involved adding a spalling-resistant transition layer near the interface.Finally，the combination of simulations and tests was carried out to optimize the thickness of the spalling-resistant transition layer，which confirmed that the transition layer could significantly improve the service life of the system.

Metformin is a drug which has been widely used in clinical practice. Multiple clinical trials have suggested that long-term use of metformin could result in serum vitamin B12 reduction even deficiency, while vitamin B12 deficiency might lead to peripheral neuropathy, megaloblastic anemia and aggravation of preexisting cardiovascular diseases in diabetic patients. Vitamin B12 deficiency-induced neuropathy is easily misdiagnosed as diabetic neuropathy. However, the incidence of vitamin B12 reduction induced by metformin intervention varies among different studies, and the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. In this paper, research progress on vitamin B12 reduction caused by metformin was reviewed and the possible reasons of differences in the incidence rate were analyzed, aiming to identify, prevent and treat vitamin B12 reduction caused by metformin.

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are deposited on metallic components to prevent heat flux due to their excellent thermal insulation function. Nowadays, TBCs have become the key core technology of the new generation gas turbines. TBCs prepared by plasma spraying method are more readily to be failed, which negatively affect the thermal insulation and may cause substrate erosion. Therefore, long life span is an important guarantee for TBCs to achieve thermal barrier function. This paper described the failure mechanism of plasma sprayed TBCs and crack-resistant designs. To begin with, the essential characteristics of plasma sprayed TBCs were revealed. Plasma sprayed TBCs appeared to be lamellar structure with connected 2D pores. As a result, the plasma sprayed TBCs have excellent thermal insulation and strain tolerance at as-deposited state. By thermal exposure, the density of 2D pores is decreased significantly, which dominantly account for the degradation of strain tolerance and thermal insulation. Subsequently, the failure mechanism of plasma sprayed TBCs is revealed. The degradation of strain tolerance leads to increase of driving force for cracking. Consequently, the micro-scale cracks are extended and connected to form large-scale cracks, which is responsible for the failure of plasma sprayed TBCs. Finally, cracking-resistant designs are reviewed from two aspects: decreasing driving force and increasing fracture toughness. It is worth noting that the current cracking-resistant design often has poor performance on thermal insulation. In future research, how to ensure high thermal insulation and long life of the coating while considering the economy is the key direction of the development of a new generation of high-performance thermal barrier coatings.

The wild species Thinopyrum intermedium (genome JJJSJSStSt) serves as a valuable germplasm resource providing novel diseases resistance and agronomically important genes for wheat improvement. Two wheat-Th. intermedium partial amphiploids, TAI7045 (2n = 56) and 78784 (2n = 56), exhibit high resistance to stripe rust and powdery mildew, and their chromosome constitutions have been characterized. With the aim to transfer novel resistance genes from Th. intermedium, the crosses of common wheat line MY11 with TAI7045 and 78784 were produced, and their individual F2-F5 progenies were characterized using sequential non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (ND-FISH) and molecular markers. We identified a set of wheat-Th. intermedium addition lines, involving the chromosomes 1St-JS, 2St, 2St-JS, 3St, 4J, 4St, 5St, 5J.St, 6JS.J, and 7JS. Above all, the stable wheat-Th. intermedium small segmental translocation lines with chromosomes 4DS.4DL-4StL-4DL-4JL and 4DS.4DL-4StL-4DL were selected. Combining data from specific marker amplification and resistance evaluation, we mapped the gene(s) for resistance to powdery mildew and stripe rust in the 233.56–329.88 Mb region of the long arm of the 4St chromosome from the reference Th. intermedium genome. The new wheat-Th. intermedium introgressions will be used as novel germplasm for breeding purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The perennial species Dasypyrum breviaristatum (genome [V.sup.b]) contains many potentially valuable genes for the improvement of common wheat. Construction of a detailed karyotype of D. breviaristatum chromosomes will be useful for the detection of Dasypyrum chromatin in wheat background. We established the standard karyotype of 1[V.sup.b]-7[V.sup.b] chromosomes through nondenaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (ND-FISH) technique using 28 oligonucleotide probes from the wheat - D. breviaristatum partial amphiploid TDH-2 (AABB[V.sup.b][V.sup.b]) and newly identified wheat - D. breviaristatum disomic translocation and addition lines D2138 (6[V.sup.b]S.2[V.sup.b]L), D2547 (4[V.sup.b]), and D2532 (3[V.sup.b]S.6[V.sup.b]L) by comparative molecular marker analysis. The ND-FISH with multiple oligo probes was conducted on the durum wheat - D. villosum amphiploid TDV-1 and large karyotype differences between D. breviaristatum and D. villosum was revealed. These ND-FISH probes will be valuable for screening the wheat - Dasypyrum derivative lines for chromosome identification, and the newly developed wheat - D. breviaristatum addition lines may broaden the gene pool of wheat breeding. The differences between D. villosum and D. breviaristatum chromosomes revealed by ND-FISH will help us understand evolutionary divergence of repetitive sequences within the genus Dasypyrum. Key words: Dasypyrum breviaristatum, Dasypyrum villosum, oligo probes, chromosome identification, ND-FISH. L'espece perenne Dasypyrum breviaristatum (genome [V.sup.b]) contient plusieurs genes potentiellement utiles pour l'amelioration genetique du ble tendre. La production d'un caryotype detaille des chromosomes du D. breviaristatum sera utile pour detecter la chromatine du Dasypyrum au sein d'un fond genetique de ble. Les auteurs ont etabli un caryotype standard pour les chromosomes 1[V.sup.b]-7[V.sup.b] via hybridation in situ en fluorescence en conditions non-denaturantes (ND-FISH) a l'aide de 28 sondes oligonucleotidiques. Ces analyses ont ete realisees sur la lignee TDH-2, un amphiploide partiel ble - D. breviaristatum (AABB[V.sup.b][V.sup.b]), ainsi que sur des lignees disomiques de translocation et d'addition [D2138 (6[V.sup.b]S.2[V.sup.b]L), D2547 (4[V.sup.b]) et D2532 (3[V.sup.b]S.6[V.sup.b]L)] nouvellement identifiees par analyse avec des marqueurs moleculaires. L'analyse ND-FISH avec de nombreuses sondes a ete realisee sur TDV-1, un amphiploide ble dur - D. villosum, et de grandes differences caryotypiques entre D. breviaristatum et D. villosum ont ete revelees. Ces sondes ND-FISH seront utiles pour l'identification des chromosomes chez des lignees derivees de croisements ble - Dasypyrum. Les lignees d'addition ble - D. breviaristatum nouvellement produites permettront d'elargir l'assise genetique pour l'amelioration genetique du ble. Les differences revelees par analyse ND-FISH entre les chromosomes du D. villosum et du D. breviaristatum aideront a mieux connaitre la divergence evolutive des sequences repetees au sein du genre Dasypyrum. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: Dasypyrum breviaristatum, Dasypyrum villosum, sondes oligonucleotidiques, identification des chromosomes, ND-FISH., Introduction The genus Dasypyrum contains two species, namely the annual D. villosum (L.) P. Candargy (2x = 2n = 14) and the perennial D. breviaristatum (L.) Frederiksen (2x = 2n [...]

Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a group of clinical diseases based on pathology of atherosclerosis that is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. There is a bidirectional interaction between ASCVD and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. Alterations in circulating miRNAs levels are involved in the development of ASCVD in patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2, however, the correlation between ASCVD co‐infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 and alterations of cardiac‐specific miRNAs is not well understood. Hypothesis: The circulating miR‐146a and miR‐27a are involved in bidirectional interactions between ASCVD and SARS‐CoV‐2 infections. Methods: Circulating miR‐146a and miR‐27a levels were measured in serum and PBMCs deriving from ASCVD patients and controls after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection by qRT‐PCR analysis. The levels of neutralizing antibodies‐resistant SARS‐CoV‐2 in human serum was determined by competitive magnetic particle chemiluminescence method. Interleukin (IL)‐6 levels were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer using electrochemiluminescence. Results: Significant downregulation of circulating miR‐146a and upregulation of miR‐27a in ASCVD patients after infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 compared with controls were observed, among which the alterations were more evident in ASCVD patients comorbid with hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus. Consistently, correlation analysis revealed that serum miR‐146a and miR‐27a levels were associated with the levels of lipids and glucose, inflammatory response, and immune function in ASCVD patients. Remarkably, SARS‐CoV‐2 S protein RBD stimulation of PBMCs derived from both ASCVD and controls significantly downregulated miR‐146a, upregulated miR‐27a expression levels, and promoted IL‐6 release in vitro. Conclusions: The circulating miR‐146a and miR‐27a are involved in metabolism, inflammation, and immune levels in patients with ASCVD after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, laying the foundation for the development of strategies to prevent the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in ASCVD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wheat--Thinopyrum intermedium derived line Z4 has displayed novel and effective stripe rust resistance for over 40 years. This study aimed to precisely identify the chromosome constitution of line Z4 and determine the stripe rust resistance contribution using multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and molecular marker analysis. The results indicated that the Z4 line (2n = 44) contained two pairs of non-Robertsonian translocations without the 3A chromosomes of wheat. FISH karyotypes of [F.sub.3] progenies derived from crosses between Z4 and MY11 indicated that the transmission of the translocated chromosomes appeared normal and the number of wheat chromosomes 3A and 3D frequently varied. The FISH signal distribution of a new repetitive probe, named Oligo-3A1, confirmed the physical breakage points on chromosome 3AL incorporated into translocated chromosomes. PLUG markers revealed the breakage points on chromosomes 3A, 7[J.sup.S], and 3D invloved in the translocated chromosomes, and they were designated as T3DS-3AS.3AL-7[J.sup.S]S and T3AL-7[J.sup.S][S.7J.sup.S]L. Stripe rust resistances surveys indicated that the proximal region of 7[J.sup.S]S or 7[J.sup.S]L may confer the resistance at the adult plant stage. The precise characterization of the chromosome complements of wheat--Th. intermedium Z4 and derived progenies has demonstrated the importance of combining cytogenetic and molecular approaches in the genomics era for further wheat genetic manipulation and breeding purposes. Key words: Thinopyrum intermedium, wheat, rust resistance, chromosome translocation. La lignee Z4, derivee d'un hybride ble--Thinopyrum intermedium, presente une resistance nouvelle et efficace contre la rouille striee depuis plus de 40 ans. Cette etude visait a identifier precisement la constitution chromosomique de la lignee Z4 et de determiner la region chromosomique contribuant a la resistance a la rouille striee a l'aide de l'hybridation in situ a fluorescence (FISH) multicolore et de marqueurs moleculaires. Les resultats indiquent que la lignee Z4 (2n = 44) contient deux paires des translocations non-Robertsoniennes et qu'elle est depourvue des chromosomes 3A du ble. Les caryotypes FISH des progenitures [F.sub.3] derivees de croisements entre Z4 et MY11 indiquent que la transmission des translocations etait normale et que le nombre de chromosomes 3A et 3D variait frequemment. La distribution des signaux FISH d'une nouvelle sequence repetee, nommee Oligo-3A1, a confirme que les points de bris physiques sur le chromosome 3AL etaient incorpores au sein des translocations. Des marqueurs PLUG ont revele que des cassures sur les chromosomes 3A, 7[J.sup.S] et 3D etaient impliquees dans les translocations et celles-ci ont ete designees T3DS-3AS.3AL-7[J.sup.S]S et T3AL-7[J.sup.S][S.7J.sup.S]L. L'examen de la resistance a la rouille striee a suggere que la region proximale des chromosomes 7[J.sup.S]S ou 7[J.sup.S]L pourraient conferer la resistance a l'etat adulte. La caracterisation precise de la composition chromosomique de la lignee derivee Z4 (ble--Th. intermedium) et les progenitures derivees a demontre l'importance, en cette ere genomique, de combiner des approches cytogenetiques et moleculaires pour faire progresser l'ingenierie genetique et la selection chez le ble. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : Thinopyrum intermedium, ble, resistance a la rouille, translocation chromosomique., Introduction Stripe rust is one of the foliar diseases of common wheat, caused by Puccinia striiformis Eriks. f. sp. tritici (Pst) it can cause significant yield reductions in infected fields [...]