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Due to the scarcity of rock samples, the Hadean Era predating 4 billion years ago (Ga) poses challenges in understanding geological processes like subaerial weathering and plate tectonics that are critical for the evolution of life. The Jack Hills zircon from Western Australia, the primary Hadean samples available, offer valuable insights into magma sources and tectonic genesis through trace element signatures. However, a consensus on these signatures has not been reached. To address this, we developed a machine learning classifier capable of deciphering the geochemical fingerprints of zircon. This allowed us to identify the oldest detrital zircon originating from sedimentary-derived S-type granites. Our results indicate the presence of S-type granites as early as 4.24 Ga, persisting throughout the Hadean into the Archean. Examining global detrital zircon across Earths history reveals consistent supercontinent-like cycles from the present back to the Hadean. These findings suggest that a significant amount of Hadean continental crust was exposed, weathered into sediments, and incorporated into the magma sources of Jack Hills zircon. Only the early operation of both subaerial weathering and plate subduction can account for the prevalence of S-type granites we observe. Additionally, the periodic evolution of S-type granite proportions implies that subduction-driven tectonic cycles were active during the Hadean, at least around 4.2 Ga. The evidence thus points toward an early Earth resembling the modern Earth in terms of active tectonics and habitable surface conditions. This suggests the potential for life to originate in environments like warm ponds rather than extreme hydrothermal settings.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH)--previously described as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)--is a major driver of liver fibrosis in humans, while liver fibrosis is a key determinant of all-cause mortality in liver disease independent of MASH occurrence. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein [alpha] (CEBPA), as a versatile ligandindependent transcriptional factor, has an important function in myeloid cells, and is under clinical evaluation for cancer therapy. CEBPA is also expressed in hepatocytes and regulates glucolipid homeostasis; however, the role of hepatocytespecific CEBPA in modulating liver fibrosis progression is largely unknown. Here, hepatic CEBPA expression was found to be decreased during MASH progression both in humans and mice, and hepatic CEBPA mRNA was negatively correlated with MASH fibrosis in the human liver. [Cebpa.sup.[DELTA]Hep] mice had markedly enhanced liver fibrosis induced by a high-fat, high-cholesterol, high-fructose diet or carbon tetrachloride. Temporal and spatial hepatocyte-specific CEBPA loss at the progressive stage of MASH in [Cebpa.sup.[DELTA]Hep,ERT2] mice functionally promoted liver fibrosis. Mechanistically, hepatocyte CEBPA directly repressed Spp1 transactivation to reduce the secretion of osteopontin, a fibrogenesis inducer of hepatic stellate cells. Forced hepatocyte-specific CEBPA expression reduced MASH-associated liver fibrosis. These results demonstrate an important role for hepatocyte-specific CEBPA in liver fibrosis progression, and may help guide the therapeutic discoveries targeting hepatocyte CEBPA for the treatment of liver fibrosis., Introduction Growing clinical evidence revealed that liver fibrosis is a main determinant of outcomes or all-cause mortality in liver disease (1-6). Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as [...]

Self-esteem has always been a hot research object in the field of adolescent mental health. But in longitudinal research, using a single slope to describe the trajectory of adolescent self-esteem is unrealistic. The piecewise growth mixture model (PGMM) was used to fit the data in this study. Selecting from China Family Panel Studies database, a total of 1,759 individuals were selected and their self-esteem (RSES) scores over the years were used as the tracking index. Based on the characteristics of the development trajectories of three latent classes, class 1 was referred to as "stable low level group," class 2 was named "rapidly rising group," and class 3 was referred to as "rapidly decrease group." And there were two stages in the development process of self-esteem in the adolescent group. The slope of the stable low level group showed a significant downward trend in the first stage and a significant upward trend in the second stage, with a relatively flat development trajectory and relatively low self-esteem on the whole. The slope of the rapidly rising group showed an insignificant upward trend in the first stage and a significant rapid upward trend in the second stage. The rapidly decrease group showed a significant and rapid downward trend in the first stage and a significant and rapid upward trend in the second stage. In the development of self-esteem in adolescence, there were three latent classes in which the characteristics of development trajectories were different. Age of 14 is the turning point between the two stages of development.

Objective·To investigate the insulin resistance in liver cirrhosis patients.Methods·Patients with liver cirrhosis from Xinhua Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine in 2013‒2017 were retrospectively assessed. Biochemical indexes, including fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting insulin and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), were collected. The complications of liver cirrhosis were recorded, including esophagogastric varices bleeding (EVB), ascites and hepatic encephalopathy (HE). According to HOMA-IR value, the liver cirrhosis patients were divided into non-insulin resistance group (IR≤1.64) and insulin resistance group (IR>1.64). Various indicators were compared between the two groups.Results·A total of 376 patients with liver cirrhosis were included in this study. The proportions of Child-Pugh A, Child-Pugh B and Child-Pugh C were 162 (43.09%), 148 (39.36%), and 66 (17.55%), respectively. The main cause of liver cirrhosis was hepatitis B virus infection 163 (43.35%). Fasting insulin levels were measured in 208 of 376 liver cirrhosis patients. Among them, 117 patients (56.25%) had no insulin resistance and 91 patients (43.75%) had insulin resistance. The body mass index (BMI) of liver cirrhosis patients in the insulin resistance group was significantly higher than that in the non-insulin resistance group (P=0.000), and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the former was also higher (P=0.001). The scores of Child-Pugh in patients with liver cirrhosis in the insulin resistance group were lower than those in the non-insulin resistance group, and the difference in Child-Pugh score was statistically significant (6.93±1.99 vs 7.63±2.20, P=0.020). The proportion of Child-Pugh C grade in the insulin resistance group was significantly lower than that in the patients without insulin resistance (P=0.028). The prevalence of ascites in cirrhotic patients with insulin resistance was significantly lower than that in cirrhotic patients without insulin resistance (36.26% vs 66.67%, P=0.000). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of EVB and HE between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion·Nearly half of patients with liver cirrhosis are associated with insulin resistance. Compared with no-insulin resistance patients, cirrhotic patients with insulin resistance have a higher BMI, lower percentage of Child-Pugh C, and fewer ascites prevalence.