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In the context of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality as well as the construction of a new energy system, the integrated development and intelligent regulation of fossil energy with new energy resources such as wind, solar, and geothermal energy has become a new pattern for the future energy system. The oil and gas industry is undergoing digital and intelligent transformation, and the development of smart oil and gas fields will reduce exploration and development costs and increase social and economic benefits. This study elucidates the concept and implications of smart oil and gas fields with multi-energy synergy and the critical role of new smart oil and gas fields in enhancing oil and gas reserves and production and in promoting the green, low-carbon, and intelligent transformation of the oil and gas industry. It reviews the current development status of the wind-solar-geothermal-energy storage multi-energy synergy system, the integration of oil and gas fields with the multi-energy synergy system, and the smart oil and gas fields. The study also identifies the challenges and key issues faced by the development of smart oil and gas fields in China. It summarizes future scenarios for smart oil and gas fields with multi-energy synergy: (1) utilization of green electricity, (2) new geothermal systems for thermal recovery of abandoned heavy oil reservoirs, (3) production optimization of oil well clusters based on wind/solar power microgrids, (4) in-situ conversion of natural gas and utilization of associated gas for power generation, (5) comprehensive energy management systems for efficient and low-carbon oil and gas production, and (6) intelligent collaboration and optimization of electricity, geothermal energy, and hydrogen energy storage. The core output of the construction of smart oil and gas fields with multi-energy synergy is low-carbon oil fields and super energy basins. Under the premise of ensuring oil and gas production, future development should focus on supplementing fundamental shortcomings, increasing technological advantages, strengthening application capabilities, and achieving independence, thereby achieving breakthroughs in key core technologies to form practical development solutions.

Green development and carbon neutrality in 2060 have become China's national development strategy. Land reclamation and ecological restoration in mining areas are the only way to green development of coal industry. It is found that in addition to restoring green and ecological functions, it also has a dual role in increasing carbon sinks, which not only prevents and suppresses carbon emissions due to land damage, but also increases carbon sinks due to vegetation and ecological restoration by analyzing the properties of land reclamation and ecological restoration in mining areas. Therefore, mining area ecological restoration is a green technology for increasing carbon sinks, which is in line with the national development strategy and will usher in new development opportunities. The incentive of the carbon neutral policy to the ecological restoration of the mining area is mainly embodied in seven aspects: guiding the scientific restoration, setting the leading standards, carrying out scientific and technological research, implementing the main responsibilities of enterprises, setting the project demonstration, strengthening financial support and establishing the market mechanism. Five major technical challenges will be faced by the ecological restoration of mining areas under the guidance of carbon neutrality: ① Carry out the research on the effect of reducing carbon and increasing sink of ecological restoration in mining areas from the four aspects of monitoring objectives, measurement parameters, parameter acquisition and calculation methods, and simultaneously carry out the assessment of reducing carbon and increasing sink of ecological restoration in mining areas; ② Leading role of the ecological restoration planning in the mining area in the increase of carbon sinks is played through the planning incorporating the concept of carbon neutrality, the planning measures and schemes for the increase of carbon sinks, and the optimization of restoration schemes based on carbon sink; ③ In addition to considering the function of water and soil conservation traditionally, increases the design and comparative analysis of increasing the carbon sink function in landform remodeling design; ④ Scientifically analyze and evaluate the sink increasing effect of different soil reconstructions, popularize sink increasing soil reconstruction technology, and simultaneously research the sink increasing reconstruction materials and soil profile; ⑤ Research and develop plant community selection and vegetation restoration technologies considering both ecological benefits and sink enhancement effects.