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9. By-Product from Livestock Waste Recovery System Used as Fertilizer: Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Tomato Fruit as Affected by Fertilization under Field and Greenhouse Conditions.

Author

Li, Faqinwei, Yuan, Yongheng, Han, Nanding, Li, Xiaojue, Bai, Ruijie, Magaña, Jorge, and Shimizu, Naoto

Subjects
WASTE recycling, ANIMAL waste, BIOACTIVE compounds, FERTILIZERS, TOMATOES, FERTILIZER application, COMPOSTING, MANURES
Abstract

Conversion of livestock manure into organic fertilizer is a sustainable strategy in crop production. In contrast to composted manure, the agronomic characteristics of an anaerobic digestion by-product, digestate, have not been well characterized. This study aimed to investigate the effects of digestate and compost, derived from a pilot-scale livestock waste recycling system, on bioactive compounds in tomato fruits. Both field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to compare the effects of these two organic fertilizers with the application of chemical fertilizer. These comparisons were made by evaluating their influence on tomato yield and bioactive compound contents and antioxidant activity of fruits. The experiment included a control (no fertilizer) and three fertilization treatments with the same nitrogen dose: chemical fertilizer, digestate, and compost. The results revealed that the application of digestate and compost yielded similar results in terms of tomato production, surpassing both the chemical fertilizer application and the control group under both field and greenhouse conditions. Fertilization exhibited a significant influence on the bioactive compound contents and antioxidant capacity of the fruits. Furthermore, the application of digestate and compost led to an increase in the concentration of sugars, phenolic compounds, and several organic acids in the fruits while simultaneously reducing the citric acid levels in comparison to the chemical fertilizer treatment. Moreover, the application of both organic fertilizers improved the total phenol and total flavonoid contents in tomato fruits, and the antioxidant capacity in fruits was significantly higher than that of the chemical fertilizer treatment. In conclusion, the application of digestate or compost derived from the livestock waste recycling system reduced use of chemical fertilizers and resulted in higher tomato yields and fruit with considerably superior bioactive compounds. The results suggested that using digestate or compost as an alternative to inorganic fertilizers for tomato cultivation could assist farmers in increasing productivity, improving the content of bioactive compounds in tomato fruit, and promoting agricultural waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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10. Effect of divalent manganese (Mn2+) concentration on the growth and nitrate nitrogen content of lettuce during aeroponic intercropping with cherry radish

Author

Haiye Yu, Xiao Fei, Li Faqinwei, Wang Linlin, and Lei Zhang

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Aeroponics, biology, Chemistry, Nitrogen assimilation, Intercropping, Plant Science, Horticulture, Nitrate reductase, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Nutrient, Dry weight, Transplanting, Nitrogen cycle, 010606 plant biology & botany, Biotechnology
Abstract

Manganese (Mn) plays an important role in regulating metabolism, especially nitrogen metabolism, in plants. Considering the desired levels required for plant growth and the most popular concentration in nutrient solutions in soilless cultures, lettuce plants were exposed to 4 µM, 10 µM, or 40 µM Mn2+ as MnSO4·4H2O during aeroponic intercropping with cherry radish plants with a 1:1 quantity ratio of lettuce/cherry radish. The effects of Mn2+ on plant growth, nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N), and metabolism of lettuce were investigated. The results showed that the fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) of lettuce increased by 20.9% and 24.7%, respectively, at 30 days after transplanting when the Mn2+ concentration ranged from 4 (treatment C1) to 40 µM (treatment C3). The NO3−-N content in the edible parts of lettuce decreased by 34.4% and 44.9% with increasing Mn2+ concentrations on the 10th day and the 20th day after transplanting, respectively, but the maximal reduction of the NO3−-N content was only 9% on the 30th day when the Mn2+ concentration ranged from 4 (treatment C1) to 40 µM (treatment C3). Additionally, our results showed that increased but not excess Mn2+ could markedly promote nitrate reductase (NR) activity instead of limiting the stomata, which was one reason why the NO3−-N content in edible parts decreased. During aeroponic intercropping with cherry radish plants, Mn2+ thresholds were found that improved organic biomass and nitrogen assimilation in the edible parts of lettuce. The Mn2+ thresholds could be similar or different, but both were within the range of 10 (treatment C2) –40 µM (treatment C3).

Published
2021
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11. Exploring the Valorization of Buckwheat Waste : A Two-Stage Thermo-Chemical Process for the Production of Saccharides and Biochar

Author

Yuan, Yongheng, Li, Faqinwei, Han, Nanding, Zeng, Bingyao, Imaizumi, Yoshiaki, Na, Risu, Shimizu, Naoto, Yuan, Yongheng, Li, Faqinwei, Han, Nanding, Zeng, Bingyao, Imaizumi, Yoshiaki, Na, Risu, and Shimizu, Naoto

Abstract

To realize the utilization of the valorization of buckwheat waste (BW), a two-stage thermal-chemical process was explored and evaluated to produce saccharides and biochar. During the first stage, BW underwent a hydrothermal extraction (HTE) of varying severity to explore the feasibility of saccharides production; then, the sum of saccharides yields in the liquid sample were compared. A higher sum of saccharides yields of 4.10% was obtained at a relatively lower severity factor (SF) of 3.24 with a byproducts yield of 1.92 %. During the second stage, the contents of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin were analyzed in the residue after HTE. Enzymatic hydrolysis from the residue of HTE was inhibited. Thus, enzymatic hydrolysis for saccharides is not suitable for utilizing the residue after HTE of BW. These residues with an SF of 3.24 were treated by pyrolysis to produce biochar, providing a higher biochar yield of 34.45 % and a higher adsorption ability (based on methyl orange) of 31.11 % compared with pyrolysis of the raw BW. Meanwhile, the surface morphology and biomass conversion were analyzed in this study. These results demonstrate that the two-stage thermal-chemical process is efficient for treating BW and producing saccharides and biochar. This work lays a foundation for the industrial application of BW, and for improving the economic benefits of buckwheat cultivation.

Published
2022

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