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3. Systematics and Plastome Evolution in Schizaeaceae.

Author

Ke, B-F, Wang, G-J, Labiak, PH, Rouhan, G, Chen, C-W, Shepherd, LD, Ohlsen, DJ, Renner, MAM, Karol, KG, Li, F-W, Kuo, L-Y, Ke, B-F, Wang, G-J, Labiak, PH, Rouhan, G, Chen, C-W, Shepherd, LD, Ohlsen, DJ, Renner, MAM, Karol, KG, Li, F-W, and Kuo, L-Y

Abstract

While the family Schizaeaceae (Schizaeales) represents only about 0.4% of the extant fern species diversity, it differs from other ferns greatly in gross morphologies, niche preferences, and life histories. One of the most notable features in this family is its mycoheterotrophic life style in the gametophytic stage, which appears to be associated with extensive losses of plastid genes. However, the limited number of sequenced plastomes, and the lack of a well-resolved phylogenetic framework of Schizaeaceae, makes it difficult to gain any further insight. Here, with a comprehensive sampling of ~77% of the species diversity of this family, we first inferred a plastid phylogeny of Schizaeaceae using three DNA regions. To resolve the deep relationships within this family, we then reconstructed a plastome-based phylogeny focusing on a selection of representatives that covered all the major clades. From this phylogenomic backbone, we traced the evolutionary histories of plastid genes and examined whether gene losses were associated with the evolution of gametophytic mycoheterotrophy. Our results reveal that extant Schizaeaceae is comprised of four major clades-Microschizaea, Actinostachys, Schizaea, and Schizaea pusilla. The loss of all plastid NADH-like dehydrogenase (ndh) genes was confirmed to have occurred in the ancestor of extant Schizaeaceae, which coincides with the evolution of mycoheterotrophy in this family. For chlorophyll biosynthesis genes (chl), the losses were interpreted as convergent in Schizaeaceae, and found not only in Actinostachys, a clade producing achlorophyllous gametophytes, but also in S. pusilla with chlorophyllous gametophytes. In addition, we discovered a previously undescribed but phylogenetically distinct species hidden in the Schizaea dichotoma complex and provided a taxonomic treatment and morphological diagnostics for this new species-Schizaea medusa. Finally, our phylogenetic results suggest that the current PPG I circumscription of Sc

Published
2022

9. One thousand plant transcriptomes and the phylogenomics of green plants

Author

Leebens, Mack J.H., Graham, S.W, Wong, G.K-S., DeGironimo, L., Edger, P.P., Jordon-Thaden, I.E., Joya, S., Melkonian, B., Miles, N.W., Pokorny Montero, L., Quigley, C., Thomas, P., Villarreal, J.C., Augustin, M.M., Barrett, M.D., Baucom, R.S., Beerling, D.J., Benstein, R.M., Biffin, E., Brockington, S.F., Burge, D.O., Burris, J.N., Burris, K.P., Burtet-Sarramegna, V., Caicedo, A.L., Cannon, S.B., Çebi, Z., Chang, Y., Chater, C., Cheeseman, J.M., Chen, T., Clarke, N.D., Clayton, H., Covshoff, S., Crandall-Stotler, B.J., Cross, H., Determann, R., Dickson, R.C., Di Stilio, V.S., Ellis, S., Fast, E., Feja, N., Field, K.J., Filatov, D.A., Finnegan, P.M., Floyd, S.K., Fogliani, B., GarcÍa, N., Gâteblé, G., Godden, G.T., Goh, Q., Greiner, S., Harkess, A., Heaney, Mike J., Helliwell, K.E., Heyduk, K., Hibberd, J.M., Hodel, R.G.J., Hollingsworth, P.M., Johnson, M.T.J., Jost, R., Joyce, B., Kapralov, M.V., Kazamia, E., Kellogg, E.A., Koch, M.A., Von Konrat, M., Könyves, K., Kutchan, T.M., Lam, V., Larsson, A., Leitch, A.R., Lentz, R., Li, F.-W., Lowe, A.J., Ludwig, M., Manos, P.S., Mavrodiev, E., McCormick, M.K., McKain, M, McLellan, T., McNeal, J., Miller, R., Nelson, M.N., Peng, Y., Ralph, P., Real, D., Riggins, C.W., Ruhsam, M., Sage, R.F., Sakai, A.K., Scascitella, M., Schilling, E.E., Schlösser, E., Sederoff, H., Servick, S., Shaw, A.J., Shaw, S.W., Sigel, E.M., Skema, C., Smith, A.G., Smithson, A., NeilStewart, C., Stinchcombe, J.R., Szövényi, P., Tate, J.A., Tiebel, H., Trapnell, D., Villegente, M., Wang, C., Weller, S.G., Wenzel, M., Weststrand, S., Westwood, J.H., Whigham, D.F., Wulff, A.S., Yang, Y., Zhu, D., Zhuang, C., Zuidof, J., Chase, M.W., Deyholos, M.K., Graham, S.W., Pires, J. Chris, Rothfels, C.J., Chen, C., Chen, L., Cheng, S., Li, J., Li, R., Li, X., Lu, H., Ou, Y., Tan, X., Tang, J., Tian, Z., Wang, F., Wang, J., Wei, X., Wong, G. K.-S., Xu, X., Yan, Z., Yang, F., Zhong, X., Zhou, F., Zhu, Y., Zhang, Y., Yu, J., Barkman, T. J., Carpenter, E. J., Liu, T., Sun, X., Wu, S., Mirarab, S., Nguyen, N., Gitzendanner, M. A., Ayyampalayam, S., Der, J., Matasci, N., Sayyari, E., Soltis, D. E., Soltis, P. S., Stevenson, D. W., Wafula, E. K., Walls, R., Wickett, N. J., De Pamphilis, C. W., Graham, S. W, Leebens-Mack, J. H., Warnow, T., Li, Z., An, H., Arrigo, N., Baniaga, A. E., Galuska, S., Jorgensen, S. A., Kidder, T. I., Kong, H., Lu-Irving, P., Marx, H. E., Qi, X., Reardon, C. R., Sessa, E. B., Sutherland, B. L., Tiley, G. P., Welles, S. R., Yu, R., Zhan, S., Barker, M. S., Porsch, M., Ullrich, K. K., Gramzow, L., Melkonian, M., Nelson, D. R., Theißen, G., Wong, G. K. S., Grosse, I., Rensing, S. A., Quint, M., Institut de sciences exactes et appliquées (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, National Key Research and Development Program (China), Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Filatov, D, One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative, and School of Plant and Environmental Sciences

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Genome evolution, Nuclear gene, 631/208/212/2306, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Viridiplantae, 01 natural sciences, Genome, Article, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Plant evolution, Phylogenomics, Databases, Genetic, Glaucophyta, 631/449/2669, 631/181/735, Plastid, Phylogeny, 45/90, 030304 developmental biology, 45/91, Adaptive radiation, 0303 health sciences, 631/181/759/2467, Multidisciplinary, biology, Archaeplastida, fungi, Botany, food and beverages, Botanik, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Biological Evolution, Evolutionary biology, Molecular evolution, Transcriptome, Genome, Plant, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Green plants (Viridiplantae) include around 450,000–500,000 species1,2 of great diversity and have important roles in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Here, as part of the One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative, we sequenced the vegetative transcriptomes of 1,124 species that span the diversity of plants in a broad sense (Archaeplastida), including green plants (Viridiplantae), glaucophytes (Glaucophyta) and red algae (Rhodophyta). Our analysis provides a robust phylogenomic framework for examining the evolution of green plants. Most inferred species relationships are well supported across multiple species tree and supermatrix analyses, but discordance among plastid and nuclear gene trees at a few important nodes highlights the complexity of plant genome evolution, including polyploidy, periods of rapid speciation, and extinction. Incomplete sorting of ancestral variation, polyploidization and massive expansions of gene families punctuate the evolutionary history of green plants. Notably, we find that large expansions of gene families preceded the origins of green plants, land plants and vascular plants, whereas whole-genome duplications are inferred to have occurred repeatedly throughout the evolution of flowering plants and ferns. The increasing availability of high-quality plant genome sequences and advances in functional genomics are enabling research on genome evolution across the green tree of life., The One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative provides a robust phylogenomic framework for examining green plant evolution that comprises the transcriptomes and genomes of diverse species of green plants.

Published
2019
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10. The Physcomitrella patens chromosome‐scale assembly reveals moss genome structure and evolution

Author

Lang, D, Ullrich, KK, Murat, F, Fuchs, J, Jenkins, J, Haas, FB, Piednoel, M, Gundlach, H, Van Bel, M, Meyberg, R, Vives, C, Morata, J, Symeonidi, A, Hiss, M, Muchero, W, Kamisugi, Y, Saleh, O, Blanc, G, Decker, EL, Van Gessel, N, Grimwood, J, Hayes, RD, Graham, SW, Gunter, LE, McDaniel, SF, Hoernstein, SNW, Larsson, A, Li, F-W, Perroud, P-F, Phillips, J, Ranjan, P, Rokshar, DS, Rothfels, CJ, Schneider, L, Shu, S, Stevenson, DW, Thümmler, F, Tillich, M, Villarreal Aguilar, JC, Widiez, T, Wong, GK-S, Wymore, A, Zhang, YA, Zimmer, AD, Quatrano, RS, Mayer, KFX, Goodstein, D, Casacuberta, JM, Vandepoele, K, Reski, R, Cuming, AC, Tuskan, GA, Maumus, F, Salse, J, Schmutz, J, and Rensing, SA

Subjects
food and beverages
Abstract

The draft genome of the moss model, Physcomitrella patens, comprised approximately 2000 unordered scaffolds. In order to enable analyses of genome structure and evolution we generated a chromosome‐scale genome assembly using genetic linkage as well as (end) sequencing of long DNA fragments. We find that 57% of the genome comprises transposable elements (TEs), some of which may be actively transposing during the life cycle. Unlike in flowering plant genomes, gene‐ and TE‐rich regions show an overall even distribution along the chromosomes. However, the chromosomes are mono‐centric with peaks of a class of Copia elements potentially coinciding with centromeres. Gene body methylation is evident in 5.7% of the protein‐coding genes, typically coinciding with low GC and low expression. Some giant virus insertions are transcriptionally active and might protect gametes from viral infection via siRNA mediated silencing. Structure‐based detection methods show that the genome evolved via two rounds of whole genome duplications (WGDs), apparently common in mosses but not in liverworts and hornworts. Several hundred genes are present in colinear regions conserved since the last common ancestor of plants. These syntenic regions are enriched for functions related to plant‐specific cell growth and tissue organization. The P. patens genome lacks the TE‐rich pericentromeric and gene‐rich distal regions typical for most flowering plant genomes. More non‐seed plant genomes are needed to unravel how plant genomes evolve, and to understand whether the P. patens genome structure is typical for mosses or bryophytes.

Published
2018

12. Is there foul play in the leaf pocket? The metagenome of floating fern Azolla reveals endophytes that do not fix N2 but may denitrify

Author

Dijkhuizen, L.W., Brouwer, P., Bolhuis, H., Reichart, G.-J., Koppers, N., Huettel, B., Bolger, A.M., Li, F.-W., Cheng, S., Liu, X., Wong, G.K.-S., Pryer, K., Weber, A., Bräutigam, A., Schluepmann, H., Dijkhuizen, L.W., Brouwer, P., Bolhuis, H., Reichart, G.-J., Koppers, N., Huettel, B., Bolger, A.M., Li, F.-W., Cheng, S., Liu, X., Wong, G.K.-S., Pryer, K., Weber, A., Bräutigam, A., and Schluepmann, H.

Abstract

Dinitrogen fixation by Nostoc azollae residing in specialized leaf pockets supports prolific growth of the floating fern Azolla filiculoides. To evaluate contributions by further microorganisms, the A. filiculoides microbiome and nitrogen metabolism in bacteria persistently associated with Azolla ferns were characterized.A metagenomic approach was taken complemented by detection of N2O released and nitrogen isotope determinations of fern biomass. Ribosomal RNA genes in sequenced DNA of natural ferns, their enriched leaf pockets and water filtrate from the surrounding ditch established that bacteria of A. filiculoides differed entirely from surrounding water and revealed species of the order Rhizobiales. Analyses of seven cultivated Azolla species confirmed persistent association with Rhizobiales.Two distinct nearly full-length Rhizobiales genomes were identified in leaf-pocket-enriched samples from ditch grown A. filiculoides. Their annotation revealed genes for denitrification but not N2-fixation. 15N2 incorporation was active in ferns with N. azollaebut not in ferns without. N2O was not detectably released from surface-sterilized ferns with the Rhizobiales.N2-fixing N. azollae, we conclude, dominated the microbiome of Azolla ferns. The persistent but less abundant heterotrophic Rhizobiales bacteria possibly contributed to lowering O2 levels in leaf pockets but did not release detectable amounts of the strong greenhouse gas N2O.

Published
2018

14. Genetic Analysis of Physcomitrella patens Identifies ABSCISIC ACID NON-RESPONSIVE, a Regulator of ABA Responses Unique to Basal Land Plants and Required for Desiccation Tolerance

Author

Stevenson, SR, Kamisugi, Y, Trinh, CH, Schmutz, J, Jenkins, JW, Grimwood, J, Muchero, W, Tuskan, GA, Rensing, SA, Lang, D, Reski, R, Melkonian, M, Rothfels, CJ, Li, F-W, Larsson, A, Wong, GK-S, Edwards, TA, and Cuming, AC

Subjects
Protein Structure, Secondary, Crystallography, fungi, Plant Biology & Botany, food and beverages, Plant Biology, Plant, Bryopsida, Droughts, Gene Expression Regulation, Osmotic Pressure, Mutation, X-Ray, Genetics, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Desiccation, Phylogeny, Abscisic Acid, Plant Proteins
Abstract

The anatomically simple plants that first colonized land must have acquired molecular and biochemical adaptations to drought stress. Abscisic acid (ABA) coordinates responses leading to desiccation tolerance in all land plants. We identified ABA nonresponsive mutants in the model bryophyte Physcomitrella patens and genotyped a segregating population to map and identify the ABA NON-RESPONSIVE (ANR) gene encoding a modular protein kinase comprising an N-terminal PAS domain, a central EDR domain, and a C-terminal MAPKKK-like domain. anr mutants fail to accumulate dehydration tolerance-associated gene products in response to drought, ABA, or osmotic stress and do not acquire ABA-dependent desiccation tolerance. The crystal structure of the PAS domain, determined to 1.7-Å resolution, shows a conserved PAS-fold that dimerizes through a weak dimerization interface. Targeted mutagenesis of a conserved tryptophan residue within the PAS domain generates plants with ABA nonresponsive growth and strongly attenuated ABA-responsive gene expression, whereas deleting this domain retains a fully ABA-responsive phenotype. ANR orthologs are found in early-diverging land plant lineages and aquatic algae but are absent from more recently diverged vascular plants. We propose that ANR genes represent an ancestral adaptation that enabled drought stress survival of the first terrestrial colonizers but were lost during land plant evolution.

Published
2016

15. Between Two Fern Genomes

Author

Sessa, E. B., Banks, J. A., Barker, M. S., Der, J. P., Duffy, A. M., Graham, S. W., Hasebe, M., Langdale, J., Li, F. W., Marchant, D. B., Pryer, K. M., Rothfels, C. J., Roux, S. J., Salmi, M. L., Sigel, E. M., Soltis, D. E., Soltis, P. S., Stevenson, D. W., and Wolf, Paul G.

Subjects
Land Plants, Comparative Analyses, Ferns, Azolla, Ceratopteris, Genomics, Biology
Abstract

Ferns are the only major lineage of vascular plants not represented by a sequenced nuclear genome. This lack of genome sequence information significantly impedes our ability to understand and reconstruct genome evolution not only in ferns, but across all land plants. Azolla and Ceratopteris are ideal and complementary candidates to be the first ferns to have their nuclear genomes sequenced. They differ dramatically in genome size, life history, and habit, and thus represent the immense diversity of extant ferns. Together, this pair of genomes will facilitate myriad large-scale comparative analyses across ferns and all land plants. Here we review the unique biological characteristics of ferns and describe a number of outstanding questions in plant biology that will benefit from the addition of ferns to the set of taxa with sequenced nuclear genomes. We explain why the fern clade is pivotal for understanding genome evolution across land plants, and we provide a rationale for how knowledge of fern genomes will enable progress in research beyond the ferns themselves.

Published
2014

19. Quantized H∞ control for uncertain networked system

Author

Wang, X. -C, Li, F. -W, Zhao, Chengxin, Wang, X. -C, Li, F. -W, and Zhao, Chengxin

Abstract

Network-induced delay, data packet drop-out and perturbation are common problems for networked system. The designing of quantized feedback H∞ controller, focusing on the above problem was studied. In this general model, two logarithms were quantized used for the quantizing of control signal and status signal, and the sufficient condition for the asymptotical stability of the network control systems and the design of quantized feedback controller was proposed according to the Lyapunov stability theory and linear matrix inequality. The quantized feedback controller can make the systems asymptotically stable and meet H∞ performance. The design is confirmed to be efficient by the simulation result., QC 20140909

Published
2011

25. Tissue-direct PCR, a rapid and extraction-free method for barcoding of ferns.

Author

LI, F. -W., KUO, L. -Y., HUANG, Y. -M., CHIOU, W. -L., and WANG, C. -N.

Subjects
*FERN gametophytes, *FERNS, *POLYMERASE chain reaction, *TISSUES, *BOTANY, *FOLIAGE plants
Abstract

Fern gametophytes and young sporophytes often provide too little material for DNA extraction and are particularly difficult to identify to genus. Here we developed an efficient procedure called ‘Tissue-direct PCR’, in which a slice of fern tissue is mixed with PCR reagents and primers, allowing certain genomic regions to be amplified directly in the thermal cycler. For these diminutive and featureless stages of ferns, Tissue-direct PCR combined with amplifying plant barcodes promises to make the identification of immature ferns easy and rapid. Tissue-direct PCR would also be very helpful for large-scale ecological studies surveying distribution and population structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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26. A Pilot Study on Psychological Interventions with Chinese Young Adults with Schizophrenia.

Author

Mak, G. K. L., Li, F. W. S., and Lee, P. W. H.

Subjects
*BEHAVIOR therapy, *COGNITIVE therapy, *PSYCHOTHERAPY, *SCHIZOPHRENIA, *PEOPLE with schizophrenia, *CHINESE people, *YOUNG adults, *HEALTH outcome assessment, *COMPARATIVE studies, *PSYCHOLOGY
Abstract

Objective: To Investigate the functional and clinical status of a group of Chinese schizophrenic patients after treatment with individually tailored psychological treatment over a 9-month period. Patients and Methods: Thirty six 15 to 32-year-old Chinese schizophrenic patients were recruited into the study from 2001 to 2002. The patients were randomly assigned into treatment and waitlist groups. At baseline their pre-treatment clinical status, social functioning, and other clinically relevant parameters were assessed. The psychological treatments were conducted by 2 experienced clincial psychologists and assessed by fact-to face interviews. Results: After the treatment period, outcome measures suported the use of adjuvant psychotherapy in the routine treatment programme for subjects with schizophrenia; both positive and negative symptoms improved compared to baseline status (p<0.001). Conclusions: The findings support the use of psychotherapeutic interventions to promote better adaptation to the psychotic disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007

28. Initial codebook method of vector quantisation in Hadamard domain.

Author

Chen, S. X. and Li, F. W.

Subjects
*HADAMARD transform spectroscopy, *VECTOR spaces, *ORDERED groups, *IMAGING systems, *VECTOR analysis
Abstract

To deal with the problem that the initialisation method based on random selection may provide a suboptimal codebook of vector quantisation (VQ); an improved method is proposed. In the proposed method, Hadamard transform is performed on training vectors, and then the transformed vectors are sorted according to their first elements. The ordered transformed vectors are partitioned into groups. The initial codebook is composed of the mid vector of each ordered group. This method has a better performance and can be used as the initialisation method of VQ to improve and speed up codebook design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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34. [Jinghuaweikang capsules combined with Quadruple therapy in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection:a multicenter,randomized,controlled,clinical study].

Author

Yang Q, Shang Q, Wei GQ, Guo QH, Ka SQ, Zhang ZY, Li FW, Shen XP, and Zhang DK

Subjects
Amoxicillin, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Capsules, Clarithromycin, Drug Therapy, Combination, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, Helicobacter Infections drug therapy, Helicobacter pylori
Abstract

Objective: To explore the efficacy of Jinghuaweikang capsules combined with Quadruple therapy in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori ( H.pylori )infection. Methods: Patients who were infected with H.pylori in 7 centers in Gansu Province were recruited in this prospective simple randomized study. All the patients are divided into four groups randomly: patients in Group A1 were treated with esomeprazole (20 mg, twice a day) + pectin bismuth (200 mg, three times a day) + amoxicillin (1 000 mg, twice a day) + clarithromycin (500 mg, twice a day), while Group A2 with Jinghuaweikang capsules(160 mg, three times a day) based on group A2, Group B1 with esomeprazole (20 mg, twice a day) + bismuth pectin (200 mg, three times a day) + amoxicillin (1 000 mg, twice a day) + furazolidone (100 mg, twice a day) and Group B2 with Jinghuaweikang capsules(160 mg, three times a day) based on group B2. The treatment time was 14 days for all 4 groups. In the course of treatment, abdominal pain, acid reflux, abdominal distension, belching, hiccups were observed at the time before treatment, 14 days and 30 days after treatment and were scored. Finally, all patients received (13)C or (14)C for H.pylori at the time of 30 days after the treatment. Result: A total of 455 patients were included in 7 hospitals from February 2016 to May 2017 in Gansu province, and there were 189 male patients. Group A1 included 129 cases, group A2 96 cases, group B1 112 cases and group B2 118 cases. The eradication rates that accorded with program data analysis (PP) were A1[46.9%(60/128)], A2[63.8%(60/94)], B1[60.7%(68/112)], B2[68.6%(81/118)] ( P< 0.004). Compared with group A1, the eradication rate of H.pylori in group B1 and group A2 increased ( P< 0.001, P= 0.032), there was no statistical difference between group B2 and group A2, group B1 and group B2 ( P= 0.208, P= 0.461). According to intentional analysis (ITT), the eradication rates of H.pylori in group A1 were 46.5% (60/129),group A2 were 62.5% (60/96),group B1 were 60.7% (68/112),and group B2 were 68.6% (81/118).The radical rate of A2 was higher than A1 ( P= 0.017), group B2 was not higher than group B1 ( P= 0.208), and there was no significant difference among the other groups. The symptoms of abdominal pain, abdominal distention, acid reflux, belching and hiccup in the group A2 and group B2 were improved than those in group A1 and group B1 ( P< 0.05). No serious adverse reactions occurred in all groups. Conclusion: Jinghuaweikang capsules can improve the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori , and improve the symptoms of patients.

Published
2019
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36. [Study of protective effect of leech, radix Salviae miltiorrhizae and its composite recipe on vascular endothelial cells in rats with blood stasis syndrome].

Author

Li FW, Zhang LS, Liu H, Cai YC, Pan JH, Jia XY, and Ding JX

Subjects
Animals, Cell Count, Drug Combinations, Drugs, Chinese Herbal isolation & purification, Endothelium, Vascular cytology, Female, Hemorheology drug effects, Male, Materia Medica isolation & purification, Materia Medica pharmacology, Plants, Medicinal chemistry, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Drugs, Chinese Herbal pharmacology, Endothelium, Vascular drug effects, Leeches chemistry, Medicine, Chinese Traditional, Salvia miltiorrhiza chemistry
Abstract

Objective: To study the protective effect for Chinese medicine of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis (PBCRBS) on vascular endothelial cells (VEC) in rats, aiming at further research on the mechanism of blood stasis syndrome and PBCRBS., Method: Establishing a model of blood stasis with endothelial damage by means of giving rats an injection of adrenalin and making it swim in ice-cold water, then measuring the number of circulating endothelial cells (CEC) in whole blood and rheology. Moreover observing the change of the above indexes after the rats have taken Leech, Radix salviae miltrorrhizae (RSM) and its composite recipe for 5 days or 10 days., Result: It could increase the number of CEC accompanied by whole blood viscosity, fibrinogen and hematocrit in rats with blood stasis. But for groups taking Chinese medicine, the number of CEC was decreased distinctively and blood rheology was improved., Conclusion: The rat with blood stasis syndrome suffered from obvious injury of VEC. The Leech, RSM and its composite recipe could protect VEC.

Published
2001

37. [Studies on the components of trace elements and macro elements in hemolymph of Anopheles anthropophagus].

Author

Chen PH, Bian YH, Li FW, Zeng ZH, and Tian Q

Subjects
Aedes chemistry, Animals, Calcium blood, Magnesium blood, Potassium blood, Species Specificity, Anopheles chemistry, Hemolymph chemistry, Trace Elements blood
Abstract

The elements in hemolymph of An. anthropophagus were determined by ICAP. There were 18 kinds of trace elements such as Fe,Zn,Cu,Mn,Cr,Mo,Co,Ni,V,Sr,B,Al,Ba,Zr, Cd,Pb,Ga,Li and 6 kinds of macro elements such as Ca,Mg,K,Na,S,P in the hemolymph of the mosquito. The contents of the macro elements and Fe in hemolymph of newly emerged mosquitoes were significantly higher than those of mosquitoes after taking blood meal, whereas Zn and Al were lower. Comparing elements in hemolymph of An. anthropophagus and An. sinensis, there were 14 kinds of elements in newly emerged mosquitoes with striking significant difference, while there were 13 kinds of elements with striking significant difference in the mosquitoes after taking blood meal. Comparing elements in the hemolymph of An. anthropophagus and Ae. albopictus, there were 13 kinds of elements with striking significant difference in the hemolymph of newly emerged mosquitoes and the mosquitoes after taking blood meal. The results suggested that the components of elements in hemolymph were relevant to the nutritional metabolism and development of mosquitoes, and that mosquitoes of different species and with different sensibilities to malaria parasites also showed difference in the contents of elements in their hemolymph.

Published
1994

38. [Study on free amino acids and protein in hemolymph of Anopheles stephensi].

Author

Li FW, Chen PH, and Bian YH

Subjects
Animals, Female, Plasmodium yoelii, Amino Acids analysis, Anopheles chemistry, Hemolymph chemistry, Proteins analysis
Abstract

The changes in the contents of free amino acids in hemolymph of Anopheles stephensi were determined by automatic amino acid analyzer. The changes in hemolymph protein were determined by ultraviolet absorption method. Free amino acids in hemolymph of infected mosquitoes were compared with those in noninfected mosquitoes. At 4 days after blood meal, 6 kinds of amino acids decreased markedly, and 5 kinds of amino acids increased markedly; at 7 days after blood meal, 4 kinds of amino decreased markedly, while 7 kinds of amino acids increased markedly; at 11 days after acids blood meal, 9 kinds of amino acids decreased markedly, and 4 kinds of amino acids increased remarkably. The protein concentration of infected mosquitoes was higher than that of noninfected ones.

Published
1992

43. GRANULOMAS OF THE LARGE BOWEL SIMULATING MALIGNANT DISEASE.

Author

STOCK FE and LI FW

Subjects
Female, Humans, Amebiasis, Colonic Diseases, Colonic Neoplasms, Diagnosis, Differential, Endometriosis, Foreign Bodies, Geriatrics, Granuloma, Intestinal Perforation, Lymphogranuloma Venereum, Neoplasms diagnosis, Rectal Neoplasms, Schistosomiasis, Surgical Procedures, Operative, Tuberculosis, Tuberculosis, Gastrointestinal
Published
1964
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