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Biochar (BC) applications in soil has positive effects on plant performance, particularly for loose soil in agricultural context. However, how biochar types affect plant performance of non-crop species and soil–plant carbon relationships is not clear. We selected five different BC types and three plant species to investigate the responses of plant performance and the soil–plant carbon relationship to BC effects. The result demonstrated that peanut shell BC led to the death of both R. tomentosa and C. edithiae, due to a reduction in nutrient uptake caused by higher soil electricity conductivity (2001.7 and 976.3 µS cm−1). However, the carbon content of S. arboricola increased by 57% in peanut shell BC-amended soil, suggesting that S. arboricola has a higher tolerance for soil salinity. Wood BC-amended soil led to better stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf area index (LAI) of both R. tomentosa and C. edithiae due to the higher water retention in the soil (22.68% and 20.79%). This illustrated that a higher amount of water retention brought by wood BC with a great amount of pore volume might be the limited factor for plant growth. The relationship between gs and LAI suggested that gs would not increase when LAI reached beyond 3. Moreover, wood and peanut shell BC caused a negative relationship between soil organic carbon and plant carbon content, suggesting that plants consume more carbon from the soil to store it in the plant. Overall, wood BC is recommended for plant growth of R. tomentosa and C. edithiae, and peanut shell BC is suggested for S. arboricola carbon storage. Highlights: Peanut shell biochar enhanced soil salinity which causes the death of R. tomentosa and C. edithiae, while wood biochar is suitable for these plant species. Wood and peanut shell biochar caused a negative relationship between soil organic carbon and plant carbon content. The stomatal conductance will not increase when the leaf area reaches the limiting value 3. An empirical function is developed to correlate plant carbon content and leaf area index under different biochar applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly-developed porous carbon was prepared from biomass tar by using ZnCl2 as activator in carbonization process. The results revealed high surface nitrogen content was up to 5.22wt.%, whilst the pyridinic nitrogen accounted for nearly 71.86%. Moreover, their porosity and specific surface area can be easily tuned by controlling mass ratio of carbon source and activation agents. When applied for CO2 adsorption, a best performance was achieved with the product prepared at 800oC and tar/ZnCl2 ratio of 1:4, the CO2 adsorption capacity at 273 K and 298 K were 2.52 mmol/g and 1.64 mmol/g, respectively. Additionally, the corresponding CO2/N2 selectivity were 4.2 and 1.9, initial isosteric heat of adsorption was as high as 33.84 kJ/mol. This research enabled such hierarchically porous carbon as promising alternative absorbent for CO2 separation and storage, and opened up a new idea for the resource utilization of biomass tar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]