Search

Accurate and high-resolution spatial soil information is crucial for efficient and sustainable land use, management, and conservation. Since the establishment of digital soil mapping (DSM) and the GlobalSoilMap working group, significant advances have been made in spatial soil information globally. However, accurately predicting soil variation over large and complex areas with limited samples remains a challenge, especially for China, which has diverse soil landscapes. To address this challenge, we utilized 11,209 representative multi-source legacy soil profiles (including the Second National Soil Survey of China, World Soil Information Service, First National Soil Survey of China, and regional databases) and high-resolution soil-forming environment characterization. Using advanced Quantile Regression Forest algorithms and a high-performance parallel computing strategy, we developed comprehensive maps of 23 soil physical, chemical and fertility properties at six standard depth layers from 0 to 2 meters in China with a 90 m spatial resolution (China dataset of soil properties for land surface modeling version 2, CSDLv2). Data-splitting and independent samples validation strategies were employed to evaluate the accuracy of the predicted maps quality. The results showed that the predicted maps were significantly more accurate and detailed compared to traditional soil type linkage methods (i.e., CSDLv1, the first version of the dataset), SoilGrids 2.0, and HWSD 2.0 products, effectively representing the spatial variation of soil properties across China. The prediction accuracy of most soil properties at the 0–5 cm depth interval ranged from good to moderate, with Model Efficiency Coefficients for most soil properties ranging from 0.75 to 0.32 during data-splitting validation and from 0.88 to 0.25 during independent sample validation. The wide range between the 5 % lower and 95 % upper prediction limits may indicate substantial room for improvement in current predictions. The relative importance of environmental covariates in predictions varied with soil properties and depth, indicating the complexity of interactions among multiple factors in the soil formation processes. As the soil profiles used in this study mainly originate from the Second National Soil Survey of China during 1970s and 1980s, they could provide new perspectives of soil changes together with existing maps based on 2010s soil profiles. The findings make important contributions to the GlobalSoilMap project and can also be used for regional Earth system modeling and land surface modeling to better represent the role of soil in hydrological and biogeochemical cycles in China. This dataset is freely available and can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.11888/Terre.tpdc.301235 (Shi et al, 2024). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migraine is a chronic episodic neurovascular disease with a distinct "episode-remission" feature. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, migraine belongs to the class of diseases including "Toutong" and "Toufeng". Disorder of qi and blood, especially blood stasis due to qi deficiency, lie at the basis of migraine pathogenesis. The physiological function of the neurovascular unit is strongly related to qi and blood. Focusing on the neurovascular unit, this paper expounds the physiological basis of the theory of qi and blood from the perspective of microenvironment homeostatic disorder and the interaction of various cell components, and discusses the scientific connotation of the pathogenesis of qi and blood in migraine. Disordered homeostasis of the neurovascular unit is involved in the pathology of migraine and tallies with the pathogenesis of qi and blood in migraine, which is mainly reflected in dysfunction of astringing, defending, and transforming due to qi deficiency, as well as pathogenic toxin accumulation and blood stasis. The explanation based on homeostasis of the neurovascular unit due to qi and blood pathogenesis in migraine is helpful to understand the development of migraine integrally and to provide guidance for traditional Chinese medicine treatment and research of migraine from the theory of qi and blood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experimental study was carried out on the tensile and bending behavior of multi-axial warp-knitted fabric composites. Five specimens reinforced with multi-axial warp-knitted fabric/epoxy were manufactured by a vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding method. Quasi-static tensile and three-point bending tests were carried out in a number of orientations relative to the stitching direction: quadriaxial, triaxial, biaxial (±45° and 0/90°) and unidirectional. The results of the tests revealed that the quadriaxial and biaxial (±45°) samples showed quasi-isotropic behavior, whereas the other laminates showed anisotropic behavior. The influence of fiber volume fraction and the orientation distribution of the constituent material on the tensile and bending behavior were also analyzed. The relationships between the stress and strain and the tensile and bending behavior of different multi-axial warp-knitted fabric composite were obtained by polynomial fitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of endoscopic radical mastectomy for breast cancer combined with total pectoral muscle reconstruction with breast implants., Methods: The clinical data of 138 female patients with breast cancer who met the selection criteria between April 2019 and December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 43.8 years (range, 27-61 years). The maximum diameter of the tumors ranged from 1.00 to 7.10 cm, with an average of 2.70 cm. Pathological examination showed that 108 cases were positive for both estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor, and 40 cases were positive for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. All patients underwent endoscopic radical mastectomy for breast cancer combined with total pectoral muscle reconstruction with breast implants. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, prosthesis size, and occurences of nipple-areola complex (NAC) ischemia, flap ischemia, infection, and capsular contracture were recorded. The Breast-Q2.0 score was used to evaluate breast aesthetics, patient satisfaction, and quality of life (including the social mental health score, breast satisfaction score, and chest pain score). Patients were divided into two groups based on the time of operation after the technique was implemented: group A (within 1 year, 25 cases) and group B (after 1 year, 113 cases). The above outcome indicators were compared between the two groups. Furthermore, based on the postoperative follow-up duration, patients were classified into a short-term group (follow-up time was less than 1 year) and a long-term group (follow-up time was more than 1 year). The baseline data and postoperative Breast-Q2.0 scores were compared between the two groups., Results: The average operation time was 120.76 minutes, the average intraoperative blood loss was 23.77 mL, and the average prosthesis size was 218.37 mL. Postoperative NAC ischemia occurred in 21 cases (15.22%), flap ischemia in 30 cases (21.74%), infection in 23 cases (16.67%), capsular contracture in 33 cases (23.91%), and prosthesis removal in 2 cases (1.45%). The operation time of group A was significantly longer than that of group B ( P <0.05), and there was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss, prosthesis size, and related complications between the two groups ( P >0.05). All patients were followed up 3-48 months (mean, 20 months). There were 33 cases in the short-term group and 105 cases in the long-term group. There was no significant difference in baseline data such as age, body mass index, number of menopause cases, number of neoadjuvant chemotherapy cases, number of axillary lymph node dissection cases, breast cup size, degree of breast ptosis, and postoperative radiotherapy constituent ratio between the two groups ( P >0.05). At last follow-up, the breast satisfaction score in the patients' Breast-Q2.0 score ranged from 33 to 100, with an average of 60.9; the social mental health score ranged from 38 to 100, with an average of 71.3; the chest pain score ranged from 20 to 80, with an average of 47.3. The social mental health score of the long-term group was significantly higher than that of the short-term group ( P <0.05); there was no significant difference in breast satisfaction scores and chest pain scores between the two groups ( P >0.05). No patient died during the follow-up, and 2 patients relapsed at 649 days and 689 days postoperatively, respectively. The recurrence-free survival rate was 98.62%., Conclusion: Endoscopic radical mastectomy for breast cancer combined with total pectoral muscle reconstruction with breast implants has fewer complications and less damage, and the aesthetic effect of reconstructed breast is better.

Introduction: A series of symptoms, including fever, widespread pain, fatigue, and even ageusia, have frequently been reported in the context of various infections, such as COVID-19. Although the pathogenic mechanisms underlying an infection causing fever and pain have been well established, the mechanisms of fatigue induced by infection in specific brain regions remain unclear., Methods: To elucidate whether and how the peripheral infection cause fatigue via regional neuroinflammation, we performed a brain-wide investigation of neuroinflammation in a peripheral pseudoinfection rat model using [ 18 F]DPA-714 positron emission tomography (PET) imaging analysis, in which the polyriboinosinic: polyribocytidylic acid (poly I:C) was intraperitoneally injected., Results: Transient fever lasting for several hours and subsequent suppression of spontaneous activity lasting a few days were induced by poly I:C treatment. Significant increase in plasma interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α were observed at 2 and 4 h following poly I:C treatment. PET imaging analysis revealed that the brain uptake of [ 18 F]DPA-714 was significantly increased in several brain regions one day after poly I:C treatment, such as the dorsal raphe (DR), parvicellular part of red nucleus (RPC), A5 and A7 noradrenergic nucleus, compared with the control group. The accumulation of [ 18 F]DPA-714 in the DR, RPC and A5 was positively correlated with subsequent fatigue-like behavior, and that in the A7 tended to positively correlate with fever., Discussion: These findings suggest that peripheral infection may trigger regional neuroinflammation, which may cause specific symptoms such as fatigue. A similar mechanism might be involved in COVID-19., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Li, Hu, Ochi, Arakaki, Mawatari, Shigeta, Wu, Hayashinaka, Neyama, Tahara, Wada, Li, Doi, Watanabe and Cui.)