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Liquid-phase electron microscopy is highly desirable for observing biological samples in their native liquid state at high resolution. We developed liquid imaging approaches for biological cells using scanning electron microscopy. Novel approaches included scanning transmission electron imaging using a liquid-cell apparatus (LC-STEM), as well as correlative cathodoluminescence and electron microscopy (CCLEM) imaging. LC-STEM enabled imaging at a ∼2 nm resolution and excellent contrast for the precise recognition of localization, distribution, and configuration of individually labeled membrane proteins on the native cells in solution. CCLEM improved the resolution of fluorescent images down to 10 nm. Liquid SEM technologies will bring unique and wide applications to the study of the structure and function of cells and membrane proteins in their near-native states at the monomolecular level. • We developed liquid-phase SEM-STEM imaging for recognition of individually membrane proteins at a ∼2 nm resolution. • We developed liquid-phase cathodoluminescence for characterization of membrane proteins at a ∼ 10 nm resolution. • The liquid-cell correlative cathodoluminescence and electron microscopy (CCLEM) imaging was developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]