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Background Serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are common liver enzymes, but there are few studies on the correlation of these enzymes with the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MS) . Objective To explore the association of serum ALT and AST/ALT ratio with T2DM and MS in older physical examinees in the community. Methods From January to December, 2018, 30 060 elderly people (≥65 years) who underwent free physical examination in 19 community health centers of 6 districts in Wuhan were chosen as the subjects. Their demographic data, life style, previous medical history, and results of physical examination and biochemical test were collected. Subjects were divided into quartile groups of ALT〔Q1 (ALT≤11 U/L, n=8 116), Q2 (11 U/L19 U/L, n=7 498) 〕, or quartile groups of AST/ALT ratio〔q1 (AST/ALT≤1.06, n=7 386), q2 (1.061.62, n=7 447) 〕. Cochran χ2 test was used to compare the prevalence trend of T2DM, MS, abdominal obesity, hypertension, elevated triglycerides (TG) and lowered high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) with the change of ALT level and AST/ALT ratio. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the correlation of prevalence of T2DM and MS with ALT level and AST/ALT ratio. Results The age of 30 060 subjects (13 381 men and 16 679 women) was 65-99 years old, and the average age was (71.7±5.6) years old. The prevalence of T2DM and MS was 18.76% (5 488/30 060) and 29.73% (8 938/30 060), respectively. The regular exercise rate, BMI, waist circumference, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, ALT, TG and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were significantly higher and smoking rate, drinking rate, AST, AST/ALT ratio, total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly lower in T2DM subjects compared to non-T2DM subjects (P

A discontinuous cavitation model (DCM) containing the effects of ambient overpressure, incondensable gas, inertia, viscosity, surface tension, characteristic nuclei size, and characteristic surface speed of cavitation nuclei was proposed based on two approximate local first integrals of the Rayleigh–Plesset equation. Discontinuities caused by sudden cavitation bursting, heterogeneous nuclei distribution, and bubble-induced turbulence can, thus, be roughly represented. It was employed in simulating kinds of cavitation flows. It presented more physical reasonability than the Singhal model (SM) in capturing the vigorous vaporization in the water pool under strong negative ambient pressure. As for hydrodynamic cavitation around the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics hydrofoil NACA0015, not only large-scale features were obtained as well as the SM, but also, some small-scale structures in the cavitation cloud were presented. For instance, isolated bubbles and their dynamic behaviors, such as inception and collapse, expansion and shrinkage, and breakup and coalescence, were captured. Extra turbulence pulsation, which is correlated with the temporal–spatial distribution of vapor concentration, can also be observed in the cavitation cloud. Moreover, different from the vorticity field obtained by the SM, the surface of the cavitation cloud obtained by the DCM becomes a thick vortex sheet. Moreover, another simulation case with a cavitation number of 0.32 further confirmed its adaptivity in supercavitation flows. Furthermore, by adjusting the parameters (i.e., the fluid density in the phase change layer near the cavitation nucleus) in the DCM, oscillations and waves excited by fierce phase change can be observed in cavitation clouds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To collect permeability data and establish its database of fertilizer nutrients and water vapor through different polymer membranes for the development of polymer-coated fertilizer, the permeabilities of N-, P-, and K-nutrient from saturated aqueous of urea, NaH2PO4 and KCl solution and the permeability of water vapor through the membranes of poly lactic acid (PLA), its blends with polystyrene (PS), and its composites with humic acid (HA) particles were determined experimentally at the temperatures of 288, 298, and 308 K, respectively. The effects of the addition of PS and HA particles, temperature, and coating thickness on the permeability of fertilizer nutrient and water vapor were investigated. It was found that the addition of PS and HA increased the permeability for both the fertilizer nutrients and water vapor. The increase in temperature raised the permeability of N-, P-, and K-nutrient while decrease the permeability of water vapor in the range studied.