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3. Differential diagnostic performance of radio frequency signal time series based on ultrasonic radio frequency flow for benign and malignant breast lesions

Author

Zhuang Shulian, Qiao Miao, Yuan Yuyan, Li Gangchao, Zhang Jianxing, Lin Qingguang, Li Anhua

Subjects
breast disease, ultrasound, ultrasonic radio frequency flow, radio frequency time series, microstructure, Medicine
Abstract

Objective To assess the differential diagnostic performance of spectral characteristic parameters of radio-frequency （RF） signal time series based on ultrasonic RF flow for benign and malignant breast lesions. Methods Two dimensional B-mode ultrasound images and RF data of 137 breast lesions were collected. All ultrasonic RF data were quantitatively analyzed with a software developed by our laboratory for ultrasonic RF time series analysis. Finally，nine spectral characteristic parameters were obtained，including SMR fractal dimension，Higuchi fractal dimension，slope，intercept，mid-band fit，S1，S2，S3，and S4. All of the 116 breast lesions were pathologically diagnosed. 86 lesions were confirmed to be malignant，30 lesions were benign and 21 lesions were diagnosed as benign after follow-up. The sensitivity，specificity，accuracy，positive and negative predictive values of individual parameter of RF time series spectral characteristic parameters and combined parameters of regression models were calculated，as well as Logistic regression model was established. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve and the area under ROC curve （AUC） were obtained to evaluate the differential diagnostic values of these parameters for benign and malignant breast lesions. Results Multivariate regression analysis showed that the parameters finally included into the Logistic model were Higuchi fractal dimension，S2，and S4. The highest sensitivity，specificity，accuracy，positive and negative predictive values of RF time series spectral characteristic parameters in the diagnosis of breast lesions were 90.7% （S2） and 92.2% （Higuchi fractal dimension，S4），86.1% （regression model），93.9% （S4） and 79.6% （regression model），respectively. The AUCs could reach up to 0.910 （S4） and 0.930 （regression model），and there was no statistical significance between them （P > 0.05）. Conclusions The characteristic parameters of RF signal time series based on ultrasonic RF flow provide quantitative data on the sub-resolution tissue microstructure in terms of physical properties，which yields high differential diagnostic efficiency for benign and malignant breast lesions.

Published
2024
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7. Interpretation of specification for breast cancer screening, early diagnosis, and treatment management in Chinese women

Author

Ma, Fei, Wu, Jiong, Fu, Li, Li, Anhua, Lan, Bo, Chen, Kexin, Di, Jiangli, Jiang, Yuxin, Li, Jing, Li, Ni, Li, Yexiong, Liu, Peifang, Lu, Jinsong, Niu, Lijuan, Peng, Weijun, Shen, Songjie, Shi, Jufang, Sun, Qiang, Tong, Zhongsheng, Wang, Jing, Wang, Yong, Wang, Shusen, Xie, Yuntao, Ying, Jianming, Zhang, Jin, Zhang, Kai, Zhang, Zhihui, Zheng, Ying, Zhu, Qingli, and Xu, Binghe

Published
2021
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8. Elevated temperature magnetic microstructures and demagnetization mechanism for grain boundary diffused dual-main-phase (Nd, Ce)-Fe-B magnets.

Author

Xiao, Yifei, Zhang, Lele, Yang, Wei, Liu, Tao, Sun, Qisong, Song, Xiaolong, Fang, Yikun, Li, Anhua, Zhu, Minggang, and Li, Wei

Subjects
MAGNETIC domain, MAGNETIC structure, KIRKENDALL effect, MAGNETIC materials, PERMANENT magnets
Abstract

• The magnetic domains of grain boundary diffused DMP (Nd, Ce)-Fe-B sintered magnets are revealed by MFM to construct the correlation of micromagnetic structure and magnetic properties. • After GBDP, more grains exhibit single-domain characteristics in the remanent state instead of the forked domain patterns of a non-diffused DMP magnet. • The grains in GBDP dual-main-phase magnets that undergo demagnetization first are Ce-rich and Nd-rich grains, which is different from that of non-diffused magnets. • GBDP could effectively complement the disadvantage of anisotropy of the Ce-rich grains of DMP (Nd, Ce)-Fe-B magnets, providing a good experimental case for the process preparation in the subsequent research. The combination of dual-main-phase (DMP) (Nd, Ce)-Fe-B magnets and grain boundary diffusion process (GBDP) is currently a research topic for obtaining high-cost performance materials in rare earth permanent magnet fields. The novel structural features of GBDP (Nd, Ce)-Fe-B magnets give a version of different domain reversal processes from those of non-diffused magnets. In this work, the in-situ magnetic domain evolution of the DMP magnets was observed at elevated temperatures, and the temperature demagnetization and coercivity mechanism of the GBDP dual-main-phase (Nd, Ce)-Fe-B magnets are discussed. The results show that the shell composition of different types of grains in DMP magnets is similar, while the magnetic microstructure results indicate the Ce-rich grains tend to demagnetize first. Dy-rich shell with a high anisotropic field caused by GBDP leads to an increase in the nucleation field, which enhances the coercivity. It is found that much more grains exhibit single domain characteristics in the remanent state for GBDP dual-main-phase (Nd, Ce)-Fe-B magnets. In addition, the grains that undergo demagnetization first are Ce-rich or Nd-rich grains, which is different from that of non-diffused magnets. These results were not found in previous studies but can be intuitively characterized from the perspective of magnetic domains in this work, providing a new perspective and understanding of the performance improvement of magnetic materials. The novel structural features of GBDP (Nd, Ce)-Fe-B magnets give a version of different domain reversal processes from those of non-diffused magnets. In this work, the in-situ magnetic domain evolution of the dual-main-phase magnets was observed at elevated temperatures, and the temperature demagnetization and coercivity mechanism of the GBDP dual-main-phase (Nd, Ce)-Fe-B magnets are discussed. The magnetic microstructure results indicate the Ce-rich grains tending to demagnetize first. Dy-rich shell with a high anisotropic field caused by GBDP leads to an increase in the nucleation field, which enhances the coercivity. The reflection in the magnetic domain is that more grains exhibit single-domain characteristics in the remanent state. In addition, the grains that undergo demagnetization first are Ce-rich and Nd-rich grains, which is different from that of non-diffused magnets. These results were not found in previous studies but can be intuitively characterized from the perspective of magnetic domains in this work, providing a new perspective and understanding of the performance improvement of magnetic materials. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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17. Densely Deep Supervised Networks with Threshold Loss for Cancer Detection in Automated Breast Ultrasound

Author

Wang, Na, Bian, Cheng, Wang, Yi, Xu, Min, Qin, Chenchen, Yang, Xin, Wang, Tianfu, Li, Anhua, Shen, Dinggang, Ni, Dong, Hutchison, David, Series Editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series Editor, Kittler, Josef, Series Editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series Editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series Editor, Mitchell, John C., Series Editor, Naor, Moni, Series Editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series Editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series Editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series Editor, Tygar, Doug, Series Editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series Editor, Frangi, Alejandro F., editor, Schnabel, Julia A., editor, Davatzikos, Christos, editor, Alberola-López, Carlos, editor, and Fichtinger, Gabor, editor

Published
2018
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18. Deep Learning-assisted Diagnosis of Breast Lesions on US Images: A Multivendor, Multicenter Study

Author

Xiang, Huiling, primary, Wang, Xi, additional, Xu, Min, additional, Zhang, Yuhua, additional, Zeng, Shue, additional, Li, Chunyan, additional, Liu, Lixian, additional, Deng, Tingting, additional, Tang, Guoxue, additional, Yan, Cuiju, additional, Ou, Jinjing, additional, Lin, Qingguang, additional, He, Jiehua, additional, Sun, Peng, additional, Li, Anhua, additional, Chen, Hao, additional, Heng, Pheng-Ann, additional, and Lin, Xi, additional

Published
2023
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23. Deep Learning-assisted Diagnosis of Breast Lesions on US Images: A Multivendor, Multicenter Study

Author

Xiang, Huiling, Wang, Xi, Xu, Min, Zhang, Yuhua, Zeng, Shue, Li, Chunyan, Liu, Lixian, Deng, Tingting, Tang, Guoxue, Yan, Cuiju, Ou, Jinjing, Lin, Qingguang, He, Jiehua, Sun, Peng, Li, Anhua, Chen, Hao, Heng, Pheng-Ann, Lin, Xi, Xiang, Huiling, Wang, Xi, Xu, Min, Zhang, Yuhua, Zeng, Shue, Li, Chunyan, Liu, Lixian, Deng, Tingting, Tang, Guoxue, Yan, Cuiju, Ou, Jinjing, Lin, Qingguang, He, Jiehua, Sun, Peng, Li, Anhua, Chen, Hao, Heng, Pheng-Ann, and Lin, Xi

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of a deep learning (DL) model for breast US across four hospitals and assess its value to readers with different levels of experience. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, a dual attention–based convolutional neural network was built and validated to dis-criminate malignant tumors from benign tumors by using B-mode and color Doppler US images (n = 45 909, March 2011–August 2018), acquired with 42 types of US machines, of 9895 pathologic analysis–confirmed breast lesions in 8797 patients (27 men and 8770 women; mean age, 47 years ± 12 [SD]). With and without assistance from the DL model, three novice readers with less than 5 years of US experience and two experienced readers with 8 and 18 years of US experience, respectively, interpreted 1024 randomly se-lected lesions. Differences in the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were tested using the DeLong test. Results: The DL model using both B-mode and color Doppler US images demonstrated expert-level performance at the lesion level, with an AUC of 0.94 (95% CI: 0.92, 0.95) for the internal set. In external datasets, the AUCs were 0.92 (95% CI: 0.90, 0.94) for hospital 1, 0.91 (95% CI: 0.89, 0.94) for hospital 2, and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.94, 0.98) for hospital 3. DL assistance led to improved AUCs (P < .001) for one experienced and three novice radiologists and improved interobserver agreement. The average false-positive rate was reduced by 7.6% (P = .08). Conclusion: The DL model may help radiologists, especially novice readers, improve accuracy and interobserver agreement of breast tumor diagnosis using US. © RSNA, 2023.

Published
2023

37. Microstructure, microchemistry, and micro-magnetism of dysprosium grain boundary diffused (Nd, Ce)–Fe–B magnets

Author

Xiao, Yifei, Zhang, Lele, Liu, Tao, Sun, Qisong, Song, Xiaolong, Fang, Yikun, Li, Anhua, Zhu, Minggang, and Li, Wei

Abstract

The microstructure of (Nd, Ce)–Fe–B sintered magnets with different diffusion depths was characterized by a magnetic force microscope, and the relationship between the magnetic properties and the local structure of grain boundary diffused magnets is discussed. The domains perpendicular to the c-axis (easy magnetization direction) show a typical maze-like pattern, while those parallel to the c-axis show the characteristics of plate domains. The significant gradient change is shown in the concentration of Dy with the direction of diffusion from the surface to the interior. Dy diffuses along grain boundaries and (Dy, Nd)2Fe14B layer with a high anisotropy field formed around the grains. Through in-situelectron probe micro-analysis/magnetic force microscopy (EPMA/MFM), it is found that the average domain width decreases, and the proportion of single domain grains increases as diffusion depth increases. This is caused by both the change of concentration and distribution of Dy. The grain boundary diffusion process changes the microstructure and microchemistry inside the magnet, and these local magnetism differences can be reflected by the configuration of the magnetic domain structure.

Published
2025
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40. Anisotropic fracture behavior of sintered rare-earth permanent magnets

Author

Li, Wei, Li, Anhua, and Wang, Huijie

Subjects
Magnets, Permanent -- Research, Electromagnetism -- Research, Anisotropy -- Research, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

Sintered rare-earth permanent magnets (for example, [Sm.sub.2][Co.sub.17], Sm[Co.sub.5], and [Nd.sub.2][Fe.sub.14]B magnets) are quite brittle and easily crack in the course of fabrication, machining, and application. Here, we report on an investigation of fracture behavior and mechanical characteristics of sintered rare-earth permanent magnets and discuss the origin of rare-earth magnet brittleness. We studied three groups of bending specimens with different orientations, cut from the same block of magnet. The bending strength was measured. The fracture surfaces were carefully observed by scanning electron microscopy and showed that the fracture behavior and bending strength of sintered rare-earth permanent magnets obviously exhibit anisotropy. Sintered Sm-Co magnets tend to cleavage fracture in the close-packed (0001) plane or in the (10[bar.1]1) plane. The fracture mechanism of sintered [Nd.sub.2][Fe.sub.14]B magnet appears to be mainly intergranular fracture. Our analysis indicates that the anisotropy of fracture behavior and mechanical strength of sintered rare-earth magnets is caused by the strong crystal-structure anisotropy and grain texture created by magnetic field alignment during the fabrication process. Index Terms--Anisotropy, fracture behavior, mechanical strength, rare-earth permanent magnets.

Published
2005

45. The diagnostic performance of automated versus handheld breast ultrasound and mammography in symptomatic outpatient women: a multicenter, cross-sectional study in China

Author

Lin, Xi, primary, Jia, Mengmeng, additional, Zhou, Xiang, additional, Bao, Lingyun, additional, Chen, Yaqing, additional, Liu, Peifang, additional, Feng, Ruimei, additional, Zhang, Xi, additional, Zhu, Luoxi, additional, Wang, Hui, additional, Zhu, Ying, additional, Tang, Guoxue, additional, Feng, Wenqi, additional, Li, Anhua, additional, and Qiao, Youlin, additional

Published
2020
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49. The study on thermal expansion of sintered [Sm.sub.2][Co.sub.17] magnets

Author

Li, Anhua, Li, Wei, Wang, Huijie, Zhu, Minggang, Pan, Wei, and Lee, Dong

Subjects
Cobalt -- Analysis, Cobalt -- Thermal properties, Anisotropy -- Analysis, Anisotropy -- Thermal properties, Sintering -- Analysis, Sintering -- Thermal properties, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Published
2009

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