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The article substantiates a comprehensive approach to defining the concept of ethnolinguistic bonds, characterizes the connection with the subject, the object of research within the framework of the problem posed, which is relevant for the anthropocentric paradigm of scientific knowledge. Taking into consideration the methodological principles developed in cultural-and-linguistic dialectology and ethnolinguistics, on the basis of the analysis carried out upon the facts extracted from the recordings of the Volgograd region inhabitants’ speech the author’s vision of the extralinguistic and intralinguistic foundations of the concept under consideration is presented; its definition is proposed. The integrative techniques of ethno-linguistic unity fixation are described. They are manifested by the Don and Ukrainian dialects speakers (and their descendants) in the means, which comprise the peculiarities of dialect speakers’ lexicon (monolingual and bilingual, monoethnors and biethnors) observed on the territories of mixed residence shared by the Don Cossacks and Ukrainian settlers and their descendants. These lexical bonds are classified. They are shown to reflect indirectly the universally significant realia of the surrounding world (people, objects, phenomena, processes and signs), as well as the traditions, represented in the collective cultural and historical heritage of the Slavic ethnic groups in the material and spiritual spheres of life on the territories of mixed residence. The peculiarities of interdialectal interaction in the formed speech continuum of the poly-Slavic society, who perceive themselves as Russian people, are determined.

The issues of interlingual Slavic homonymy are being examinedi n a multifaceted way on the material of the East, West and South Slavic languages. Given research problem is one of the most actual in comparative linguistics, translation studies, as well as in the practice of teaching Slavic languages. On specific examples cases of manifestation of homonymy are analysed, the causes of its occurrence are studied, the character, linguistic, as well as extralinguistic factors that accompany this semantic phenomenon are described. Among other things, unlike most scientific works devoted to this topic, the problem we touch on is considered at all basic levels of the language: phonetics, vocabulary, morphology, syntax, stylistics, and phraseology, a theoretical substantiation of the reasons for the appearance of homonyms in the language (resp. languages) is given. Special attention is paid to full and partial homonyms, which developed on the basis of both phonetic and etymological-semantic commonality of vocabulary or, conversely, accidentally coincided in pronunciation. It should be emphasized the relevance of this problem andi ts scientific and practical significance in the framework of the contrastive study of closely related languages, which is also of particular importance for the theoretical study and practical solution of linguistic and cultural issues of the Slavic community, which, in comparison with other Indo- European language groups, disintegrated relatively late (V-VI centuries AD). Despite the fact thatm uch attention is paid to this problem in Slavic studies, and many works are devoted to describing cases of interlingual Slavic homonymy, including dictionaries fixing homonyms in two or several languages, the importance of this study lies precisely in the fact that its main goal has become a broad linguistic review with the maximum possible coverage of all three groups of Slavic languages - starting with Russian and Ukrainian in the East, Polish, Czech and Slovak in the West, Serbian, Croatian, Bulgarian in the South of the Slavic World and ending with its “periphery” - Slovenian in its South West. As tertium comparationis for the authors of the proposed study is the genetic commonality, genetic relationship of the Slavic languages and, accordingly, the etymological relationship of their lexical structures. The article presents some of the most illustrative, commonand frequent homonyms, including that of representing the translation problem of the so-called “false friends of the translator”. Although the general list of examined homonyms is far from exhaustive, the materials of the article can serve as a solid theoretical and practical basis for creating a fundamental dictionary of interlingual Slavic homonyms.

Copyright of RILEX Revista Sobre Investigaciones Léxicas is the property of Editorial de la Universidad de Jaen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

onsidering the appreciated role that lexis plays in learning an additional language, research studies addressing vocabulary knowledge have attracted the attention of language teachers and researchers. The study of vocabulary learning strategies and how they relate to language learners’ vocabulary knowledge, therefore, is of immediate pedagogical as well as theoretical relevance. This study investigates the relationship between Iranian EFL learners' vocabulary learning strategies and their breadth (meaning recall and meaning recognition) and depth of vocabulary knowledge. To collect data, the Vocabulary Learning Strategies Survey, Depth of Vocabulary Knowledge Test, Meaning Recall Task and Vocabulary Level Test were given to two hundred and thirty (56 male and 144 female) English majors. Structural Equation Modeling was utilized to analyze the data and test the hypothesized model. Results indicated that strategies associated with direct individualized attempts (determination strategies) were significant predictors of both vocabulary breadth and depth knowledge and that mnemonic/memory strategies significantly predicted vocabulary breadth positively but depth negatively. Other strategies seemed to have different effects on various dimensions of vocabulary knowledge. The study has pedagogical implications for vocabulary learning and teaching.

Translating the meanings of the Holy Qur’an, particularly the lexical terms, into English are one of the most challenging tasks. The present study aims to reveal the importance of translating the lexical terms and its challenges for translators and experts in the field by offering a 6-sample example to highlight the difficulties lying with Qur’anic Texts and the challenges its translation involves. The study attempts to answer three main research questions related to (i) the specificities of the Qur’anic Text and the lexical items challenges its translation poses; (ii) the difficulties and challenges and to overcome them; and (iii) the extent to which translators developed efficient approaches. These challenges are grounded within a body of corpora from the Holy Qur’an in the form of Ayat (verses) by offering a 6-sample example, which are translated into English according to Hilali & Khan and Haleem. Under this token, we scrutinize each translation and identify the challenges faced during their process. Our technique relies on back-translation to reveal these challenges. The study adopts an eclectic approach in its methodology. The findings revealed that translating the meanings of lexical items was an added value for the translators, who realized that awareness of Arabic rhetoric and Islamic exegetical works is crucial for a faithful translation to the meanings of the Holy Qur’an. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the appreciated role that lexis plays in learning an additional language, research studies addressing vocabulary knowledge have attracted the attention of language teachers and researchers. The study of vocabulary learning strategies and how they relate to language learners' vocabulary knowledge, therefore, is of immediate pedagogical as well as theoretical relevance. This study investigates the relationship between Iranian EFL learners' vocabulary learning strategies and their breadth (meaning recall and meaning recognition) and depth of vocabulary knowledge. To collect data, the Vocabulary Learning Strategies Survey, Depth of Vocabulary Knowledge Test, Meaning Recall Task, and Vocabulary Level Test were given to two hundred and thirty (56 male and 144 female) English majors. Structural Equation Modeling was utilized to analyze the data and test the hypothesized model. Results indicated that strategies associated with direct individualized attempts (determination strategies) were significant predictors of both vocabulary breadth and depth knowledge and that mnemonic/memory strategies significantly predicted vocabulary breadth positively but depth negatively. Other strategies seemed to have different effects on various dimensions of vocabulary knowledge. The study has pedagogical implications for vocabulary learning and teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates continuities and changes in abbreviation practices from late Middle English to twenty-first-century digital platforms. Adopting a diachronic perspective and lexicological framework, it quantitatively analyses frequency patterns across fifteenth-century memoranda, letters and administrative receipts, seventeenth-century letters and depositions, late nineteenth-century letters, early twentieth-century letters and a subcorpus of WhatsApp instant messages dating from 2018–19. It then presents analyses of the frequencies of various abbreviation forms, such as clippings, and abbreviated lexemes, such as their use for names, over time. The article then provides a qualitative analysis of these lexeme categories over the centuries, with a focus on specific examples. Major changes to overall abbreviation density across time are identified. The forms of abbreviation also go through major change, but the types of lexemes that are abbreviated stay more consistent over time. For example, abbreviations being used for closed-class function words such as the and that are dominant from the earliest data we have looked at to the present day. Overall, the study demonstrates how situating new media abbreviation practices within a historical continuum can enhance our understanding of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sleep, understood as a physiological need of man, accompanies him in accordance with the daily rhythm, the incidental disruption of which is not life-threatening. The important role of sleep is evidenced by the rich vocabulary assigned to it, as well as collections of sayings that interpret or use figuratively this aspect of physiology. An analysis of dictionary resources made it possible to extract from them more than 300 lexical units (nominalisms and verbalisms) denoting sleep neutrally (e.g.: nap, half-sleep, drowsiness; sleep away, sleep in, have a good sleep) and marked, including humorously (e.g.: snore, cop some Z’s, conk off, rack, wrap yourself like a pancake) or crudely. The image of sleep from a physiological perspective is also reflected in a total of over 240 proverbs of different origins and longevity in the Polish language. They interpret both the beneficial effects of sleep (e.g.: Sleep is your best friend; Get some sleep, tomorrow will be better) as well as its negative sides (e.g.: No one has made any money by sleeping; Those who sleep for a long time suffer from poverty). The dream motif is used in literature, mainly that intended for children, as a didactic aspect.

The article is devoted to Henryk Sienkiewicz's statements about his own work, which have not been analyzed so far. Rich lexical material collected from the entire private correspondence of the writer, which consisted of single words, word combinations of various nature (continuous and discontinuous), heterogeneous in terms of meaning (literal and metaphorical) and structure (expressions, turns of phrases, phrases). A review of over 400 units proved that Sienkiewicz approached the issues discussed in the letters – related to his own creative work – in expressive manner. He also shared willingly his observations and feelings on these issues with all family members. In terms of language and style, the collected passages consist mainly of colloquial, expressive, and metaphorical expressions.

Given the role that word-formation plays in vocabulary organization, there seems to be a consensus that word-formation needs to be taken into account in some way within the lexicographic process. Thus, the present study is devoted to central issues of dealing with word-formation in the dictionary, which include its consideration in the so-called outer texts, the type of macrostructure, entries of word-forming elements, special word-formation sections of the entries, word-formation in the definitions, and the use of typography to highlight word-formation phenomena. The subject of the analysis is selected dictionaries of the German language primarily published before the year 1854, which represents an important caesura in German lexicography constituted by the publication of the first volume of the Deutsches Wörterbuch (German Dictionary) by the Brothers Grimm. Much more often than in the case of today's lexicographical works, the view of word-formation is linked to a more general conception of language and reflections on it, or even to a broader cultural context, including religion, or life in a pre-secular society, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents research on the usage of Lithuanian lexis and lexicographical works on the Lithuanian language from the beginning of the 20th century to the present day. It reveals how scientific research has been related to academic activity and lexicographic work (data gathering, analysis, dictionary development), and vice versa. Talking about the early and mid-20th century, the focus lies on the well-grounded articles on appropriate language use by Kazimieras Būga and on the preparation of the “Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language”, as well as on Jonas Jablonskis’ interest in the standard language, creation of new words, his work on the dictionary of Antanas Juška and his reviews of earlier dictionaries. Jablonskis’ own “Mūsų žodynėlis” [Our Dictionary] is also briefly discussed. Further on, the article talks about the work of Juozas Balčikonis and the beginnings of the academic “Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language”. Particular mention is made of Pranas Skardžius’ and Antanas Salys’ research on word structure and usage. In addition, various articles in language journals as well as the structure and editorial principles of the journal “Kalbos patarėjas” are reviewed. The research in the Soviet era is mainly associated with the lexicographical activities of Jonas Kruopas and Kazys Ulvydas and the editorial work on both the (historical) “Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language” and the “Dictionary of the Present Lithuanian Language”. The research interest of this period lies primarily in the analysis of lexical structure and systemic relations, whereas publication activity focuses on editing special dictionaries (such as dictionaries of synonyms, antonyms, valency, phraseology, and comparisons), and the publication of textbooks and monographs in the field of lexicology. The article gives an overview of studies that analyse the development and change of various lexical items, describe different semantic groups, language variation, and its phrasal components. Furthermore, lexical databases and the information system e.kalba are given an overview. The main focus here lies on reviewing lexical research and lexicographical projects carried out in the 1990s and the early 21st century, and on revealing lexicographical problems.

The subject of the research in the following article is the language of the hunters from the beginning of the 20th century depicted in memoirs “The Happy Days” by Stefan Badeni.The linguistic analysis proves that in accordance with the thesis by Bogdan Walczak, from the areas of historic sociolinguistics, the language used by the author constitutes a precious source for research connected with hunters’ sociolects, showing typical items as well as those rare in usage. The before mentioned linguist proves the balanced and regular usage and also variety in hunters’ sociolect. Moreover, there are also terms not recorded before in branch dictionaries but the usage in context shows the items were fixed in the hunters’ sociolect during the interwar period.The characteristic language for Badeni presents diminutive forms of sociolectal items as well as lexical and semantic innovations created due to modifications of dialectal names.

The article concerns the history of Polish criminal jargon. The author presented 13. names of thieves. He extracted linguistic material from 19th-century texts, but some of the collected units are much older. The author presented the provenance of the names (some comments are just suggestions, hypotheses). Among the names discussed are, for example: andrus, buchacz, labun, szawron, szemrany.

As can be witnessed in projects such as The Oxford Dictionary of Science Fiction (Prucher, Jeff. 2007. Brave new words: The Oxford dictionary of science fiction. Oxford: Oxford University Press), science fiction has been fertile ground for the creation of new words and concepts. Whereas the aforementioned dictionary was constructed by eliciting examples and citations from volunteers, this paper presents an initial foray into data-driven methods for uncovering lexis unique to science fiction. Words unique to science fiction texts are extracted by comparing a science fiction corpus against the British National Corpus (BNC Consortium. 2007. The British National Corpus, XML edition. Oxford Text Archive. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12024/2554 (accessed 29 June 2022)) to produce a list of 306 neologisms from 74 texts. In addition, this study seeks to examine the ways in which authors impart the meaning of such words to the reader, drawing on frameworks of semantic word relations and work in cognitive linguistics. This reveals the use of definitions and glosses by the authors, both in narration and direct speech, co-occurrence with synonyms, and the drip-feeding of attributes pertaining to the concept being referenced. In addition, characters can be shown to struggle with the concepts to which neologisms refer, allowing authors to explore themes of alienation and other-worldliness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stockwell and Minkova (2001: 34) state that 'the lexicon is the language layer most responsive to socio-political and cultural changes'. Despite this, lexis has been labelled as the 'Cinderella of sociolinguistics' (Beal 2010; Durkin 2012) due to the lack of focus on this level of linguistic structure by variationist sociolinguists. This article redresses the dearth of lexis-oriented sociolinguistic studies by considering the ways in which the lexicon is responsive to cultural changes in Cornwall, UK, by providing a case-study of the polysemous noun emmet ('ant' or 'tourist'). From a study of 80 speakers from Cornwall, I consider the variation and change of emmet from the perspectives of semasiological and onomasiological usage as well as its social meaning. I conclude that this article provides support for Stockwell & Minkova's (2001) claim and that lexical variation can provide unique insights to the sociolinguistic endeavour and enable sociolinguists to tell new stories about language and society. • Lexical changes can map onto social change. • Changing identities of place leads to changes in lexical usage and perception. • Usage and perception of emmet is indicative of broader identities of place in Cornwall. • Emmet exhibits change at the semasiological level. • Emmet is variable at the onomasiological level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the BBC Radio Four panel game Just a Minute (JaM), players must speak fluently for one minute without hesitation, deviation, or repetition. Other players challenge them and take over the remainder of the minute if successful. What impact do the JaM rules have on players' spoken output? Study 1 compares twelve unchallenged JaM minutes with twelve sample minutes from an interview by the same speaker, Paul Merton. Although lower, his repetition rate in JaM is still >34%. Study 2 asks why so many repeated words go unchallenged. Analysis of 97 JaM rounds (18,500 words) from 12 complete episodes reveals that word class, word frequency, and the distance between mentions all play a role. The parameters of challenges in the game are modeled and there is consideration of why and how repetition occurs in a language and how the wider priorities of JaM as entertainment shape the linguistic patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies the syntactic issues that have been the object of interest for writers of linguistic columns in the last decades of the 19th century and throught the 20th. I have examined about 750 columns written in this period by authors who are included in the METAPRES corpus and by some others prominent writers from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The study allows us to confirm that syntactic issues have not interested linguistic columns writers as much as those related to lexis and dictionary. It also made it possible to highlight the syntactic questions that have received the most attention in this type of text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While in general the theory of variability has meanwhile reached a high level of knowledge and variables and variants are comparatively established entities in Variational Linguistics, there are many ambiguities with regard to lexical variation in particular. Against this background, the present article develops a current synthesising research overview from a systematising perspective and analytically scrutinises lexical variation as a specific linguistic phenomenon from several perspectives. In doing so, both established research traditions and results as well as modern research approaches will be taken into account at the same time and some potentials will be illuminated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the research literature on regional dialect levelling is substantial (e.g. Williams and Kerswill 1999; Britain 2002; Watt 2002; Jansen 2019), this process is under-explored and under-theorised when it comes to patterns of lexical usage. Using maid as a case-study, in this article I provide a detailed account of processes of lexical levelling in Cornwall. I consider the usage of maid from two perspectives, that of onomasiology and semasiology. From an onomasiological perspective, maid, as a variant of the concept woman, exhibits socio-stylistic reallocation, with attested usages of maid in this study being limited to older speakers in careful speech styles. From a semasiological perspective, two senses of maid, 'woman' and 'female servant or attendant', have undergone structural reallocation in apparent-time with maid 'woman' being the prototypical sense for older speakers but a more peripheral sense for their younger counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is to measure the three lexical complexity factors, i.e., lexical density, lexical diversity, and lexical sophistication using spoken and written data in a large-scale learner corpus, so that the lexical complexity can be observed in multidimensional terms. The study goes beyond most previous work on lexical complexity in SLA by examining the effects of all three measures of lexical complexity on predicting speaking proficiency of Korean EFL learners. Logistic regression analysis reveals that the verbal element of the lexical density factor was the most appropriate predictor of English proficiency (odds ratio: 2.259). In other words, the more frequently English learners use verbal elements, the higher their English-speaking ability is likely to improve 2.259 times. The results of this study will help to understand the correlation and difference compared to the results of other literatures in this field. Also, it will help educators to understand that the relationship between lexical complexity factors and proficiency is different in English speaking and writing, and to select more useful indicators when evaluating L2 learners. In addition, it is expected that it will serve as an evaluation method that can be used as an alternative in the field of pedagogy because it provides L2 discriminant function to evaluate learners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Olfaction is one of the human senses which allows people to identify the surrounding reality, reacting to negative or positive smells and remaining indifferent to neutral ones. Their perception and reception are conditioned by individual conditions and experiences. The description of the odor measure and its intensity – due to the lack of an objective comparative value – is mostly based on stylistically marked and colloquial vocabulary. It applies to both pleasant and unpleasant sensory experiences in the olfactory area. The number of scent terms increases with its intensity. The sense of smell is also conceptualized by proverbs (about one hundred items), including those based on comparisons and ripe ones.

The aim of the following paper is to examine what range of vocabulary connected with handcrafting in wood in contemporary everyday Polish is used by amateurs creating in wood as well as by authors of texts depicting the beforementioned handicraftsmen.The source material has been excerpted from the website publications related to urban carpentry shop Wióry lecą. The Linguistic Field Theory has been applied to present 150 lexical items ( 557 used in total), where 132 items are noted in the selected Polish dictionaries and 18 names are neologisms.The analysis of the source material proves that the vocabulary connected with handicraft in internet publications is the lexical reflection of their work, creation in wood and also their emotional attitude towards raw material.

Copyright of Linguodidactica is the property of University of Bialystok and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article deals with the etymology of three Polish words: przyzwoity, wyśmienity and rubaszny. All three should probably be considered native formations. Przyzwoity (in the older version przywoity, also przyzwoisty) in genetic terms should probably be combined with the verb wić: *przy‑wić > *przy‑wój > *prz‑woj‑ity. Wyśmienity – according to A. Brückner's hypothesis – derives from the hypothetical preform of pol. *wyśmień ‘height’. Rubaszny, on the other hand, is also the result of native derivational processes and derives from the Polish adjective gruby in the sense of undelicate, simple, unsophisticated, uncouth, coarse, rude’: *(g)ruby > *(g)rubacha > *(g)rubaszny [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes changes over time (temporal variation) in the name of three old farming habits: pierzak, dożynki and szczeblik. The author analyzed the materials obtained today in terms of generational diversity and compared them with archival data – Adam Tomaszewski and Atlas of the language and folk culture of Greater Poland. The analyzes showed that the generational differentiation is insignificant among the surveyed informants, while the chronological changes of the surveyed names show a varying degree of transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the word rozgardiasz (hurly-burly) well-known in general Polish. Its chronology, semantic development, geography, and etymology are presented in a detailed and systematic way. It has been recognised as a Polish-Latin hybrid and a manifestation of the word-forming invention of Jan Mączyński, the author of the Latin-Polish Dictionary from 1564. The word’s forming structure and etymology are not entirely clear. In all probability, three constituent elements can be identified: *roz- + -gard- + -‘as(z), where the initial segment roz- should be interpreted as a prefix with the meaning ‘to break with something, to depart from something, to negate something’, the central segment -gard- can be referred, most likely, to garda [guard], gardość, gardać, gardzić [to despise], hardy [impertinent], hardość [impertinence] etc., with a lexical meaning ‘splendour, superfluity, debauchery, choosiness in eating and drinking’. Most problematic is the interpretation of the final component -‘as(z) which seems to be a nonnative element, probably Latin. This is indicated by the graphic combination -dia-, alien to the Polish language and characteristic of Latin, assimilated on Polish soil as -dyja-, i.e. rozgardyja(s), cf. dialectal rozgardyjo, ozgardyja, ṷozgardyjo, etc. In Latin, -as is the acc. ending of pl. of feminine nouns like discordia, lūxuria, pl. dēliciae, epulae, īnsidiae, cf. Latin discordias prōdūcere (discordia ‘discord, feud’), dēlicias facere (dēliciae pl. ‘sensual pleasures, amusements, amusements, superfluities, delights, enjoyments’), alicuie pulas dare, oculis epulas dare (epulae pl. ‘dishes, dishes; feast, feast’), īnsidias struere (īnsidiae’ intrigues, scheming, deceit’). In the phrase rozgardias(z) stroić, the noun occurs in the accusative. If we assume that this is a copy of the Latin acc. pl. of feminine nouns, then the literal meaning of the conjunction r. stroić should be interpreted as a repeated, recurring activity, i.e. ‘to arrange sensual delights, debauched amusements, games, frolics, luxuries, pleasures; to hold feasts, debauched and sumptuous feasts, with an abundance of exquisite and fanciful food, an excess of the finest liquors and the presence of other carnal pleasures’. This corresponds semantically with the synonymous verbs używać, bonować cited by J. Mączyński. It would also have to be assumed that over time, the acc. pl. of a feminine noun abstracted from the substantive-verbal construction as a masculine noun and began to live its own life. This conception of the genesis of the lexeme in question, although very attractive and internally coherent, is, however, unable to transcend the limits of an academic hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to show Poznań bourgeois inventories as a source for studying lexis related to beer production. The excerpted vocabulary has been classified into lexical-semantic fields by means of textual and lexical meanings derived from the Dictionary of Polish Language of the 16th century. The possibility of supplementing the dictionary resources by lexical material obtained from the inventories has also been indicated – these are new meanings and numerous new attestations, especially relevant for lexemes recorded in the dictionary several times. The analysis was supplemented by a commentary on the origin of the lexica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article raises the issue of using fiction to present grammatical and lexical phenomena. The subject of the study is the most important Upper Sorbian grammars (Hinc Šewc Gramatika hornjoserbskeje rěče, 1968 and 1976; Helmut Faßke, Siegfried Michalk Grammatik der obersorbischen Schriftsprache der Gegenwart. Morphologie, 1981) and a phraseological dictionary (Anatolij Ivčenko, Sonja Wölke Hornjoserbski frazeologiski słownik, 2004). The aim of the study is to assess the usefulness of linguistic material taken from fiction for illustrating grammatical and lexical issues. The material contained in the mentioned grammars and dictionaries also says a lot about the language of the most frequently cited authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most scholarly research on conceptual metaphor has been concerned with measuring the breadth with which a given conceptual metaphor is used in language, while there has been a lack of literature on how such metaphors are formulated in the first place or what parts of speech are typically involved in their construction. This paper aims to research the influence of word class on metaphor recognition and construction. Results of the study show that high-frequency noun keywords, especially those that denote abstract ideas and concepts, tend to be employed as major target domains for conceptual metaphors in discourse. In addition, they indicate that linguistic expressions of conceptual metaphors tend to take the form of verbs. They also prove that using a corpus-based approach offers a reliable means for determining what constitutes a conceptual metaphor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article deals with the Polish lexis in the semantic field of DEATH and conceptualizations of death as represented in Orthodox hagiographies and miracula collections. The analysis includes the following three text collections: H. Denisowicz's Parergon cudów świętych [Parergon of the Miracles of the Saints] (1638), A. Kalnofojski's Teratourgēma lubo cuda... [Teratourgēma, that is Miracles...] (1638) and S. Kossow's Paterikon abo zywoty" [Patericon, that is the lives...] (1635). The lexical field under analysis was further divided in to subcategories addressing e.g. the cause of death (zabić [kill], zamordować [murder], obwiesić się [hang oneself]), the killer (bratomorderca [fratricide]), or the relationship between the killer and the victim (oycozaboystwo [patricide]). The article concentrates predominantly on conceptualizations of death, such as death as a road, farewell, crossing the borderline, salvation / condemnation, a dream. These are presented against the background of the Old Polish literary tradition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Artuklu Human & Social Science Journal is the property of Artuklu Human & Social Science Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

While stylistic variation in attention-based models has been foundational to sociolinguistic theory (Labov 1972a; Trudgill 1974), other studies (e.g. Coupland 1985; Eckert 1989; Drummond 2018; Snell 2018) conceptualise style as a resource used in the context of identity construction. I synthesise these two approaches to sociolinguistic style and consider social meaning in the context of variable attentional load. Informed by a study of lexical variation in Cornwall, I account for an inverted style pattern with recourse to local identity, social meaning and language ideology. In doing so, I introduce an attention-to-self model of style. This model posits that when speakers pay greater attention-to-self, they closer approximate a desired self, a target identity that they aspire to embody. For example, when speakers subvert the standard language ideology, their stylistic target may not be 'educated' or 'posh', but 'local'. In such cases, careful speech styles can be conducive to the production of local dialect forms as a performance of identity. I propose that the stylisation of local identity in careful speech styles in Cornwall should be interpreted in the context of an alternative linguistic market, a Cornish micro-market, which subverts the value system of the dominant linguistic market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Watching movies with subtitles is a significant tool when learning English, as it is as close as possible to the language reality. The video contains visual images and the necessary audio material, which makes the process of memorizing new vocabulary effective and easy. This work is aimed at identifying the features of using authentic films with subtitles, in particular, at acquiring and enriching the vocabulary of students. Aim of the study. The purpose of the study is to identify the specificity of using authentic films in English with subtitles when working with students in the process of learning new vocabulary. Methods. The research is based on the following methods: theoretical analysis of foreign sources, generalization, and systematization. The result of the study is a confirmation of the hypothesis that watching movies in English with subtitles can be a useful tool in the process of acquiring and enriching the vocabulary of students of higher institutions, provided that their level of language proficiency is taken into account, as well as the frequency of viewing audio material. Practical implications. The results obtained can be applied in teaching practice and used in foreign language classes in higher institutions.

This article aims to show the cognitive images encoded in the semantic structure of the lexemes: war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide, slaughter, pogrom, massacre, and macabre, used to describe atrocities against ethnic groups. The analysis was based on the example of the material related to the Ukrainian citizens during the war, which has been ongoing since 24 February 2022. The analysis is rooted in the theoretical framework of cognitive ethnolinguistics, including the profiling method, which is quite innovative in linguistics. The article proves that the lexemes under consideration, although of similar cognitive value, differ in terms of the ordering of the components of meaning, which makes them evoke a different image in the reader of the texts. Five different perspectives of the perception of war atrocities encoded in the words are distinguished, i.e., (1) the moral and penal aspect; (2) the collective subject of the actions and the minority nature of the victims; (3) the modus operandi of the perpetrator; (4) the totality of the destruction evident to the observer; and (5) the emotions that the effect of the perpetrator’s actions evokes in the witness, i.e., horror and disgust.

The aim of the article is the analysis of highly legitimized proper names of hunting associations, with compounds related to animal names. There is also the attempt to establish the reasons of the choices which may indicate the values appreciated by hunters. In total, 1.575 (out of 2.705 collected) names, with one of the compounds having a common animal name, were gathered and analyzed. The names belong to one of the most common types of compounds in the names of hunting associations. Out of 1.575 there are 138 unique ones. 52 compounds were used individually, while 86 were used twice or up to 119 times.The analyzed names not only differentiate the hunting clubs but also reflect passions and interests of hunters and conceptualize their appreciated values. Moreover, the names are the key element which forms the identity of members of hunting associations and builds their affiliations stronger.

The subject of the article is the role of Aleksander Pushkin in Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz’s drama Masquerade. The analysis covers mainly statements by Pushkin himself and other characters relating to the Russian poet. This allowed us to show what means and how the author of the play creates a psychologically profound portrait of a great artist.

Pamiętnik Wacławy by E. Orzeszkowa is a novel presenting the fate of a young woman in a twofold reality: at first, it is assigned to the drawing room and social life; then, in the second stage, to a study. An important role in the linguistic creation of Wacława’s fate is played by the parents: mother – the parlor lady, father – researcher, university professor. The construction of these characters reflects the two different worlds that a young woman explores in order to ultimately choose the latter. The language (style, lexis, syntax) corresponds with the creation of Wacława as a spoiled miss (in the first volume) and a mature young lady (in the second volume).