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19,994 results on '"Lewis, S."'

1. Dark Matter Axion Search with HAYSTAC Phase II

Author

HAYSTAC Collaboration, Bai, Xiran, Jewell, M. J., Echevers, J. M., van Bibber, K., Cahn, S. B., Droster, A., Esmat, Maryam H., Ghosh, Sumita, Graham, Eleanor, Jackson, H., Laffan, Claire, Lamoreaux, S. K., Leder, A. F., Lehnert, K. W., Lewis, S. M., Maruyama, R. H., Nath, R. D., Rapidis, N. M., Ruddy, E. P., Silva-Feaver, M., Simanovskaia, M., Singh, Sukhman, Speller, D. H., Zacarias, Sabrina, and Zhu, Yuqi

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

This Letter reports new results from the HAYSTAC experiment's search for dark matter axions in our galactic halo. It represents the widest search to date that utilizes squeezing to realize sub-quantum limited noise. The new results cover 1.71 $\mu$eV of newly scanned parameter space in the mass ranges 17.28--18.44 $\mu$eV and 18.71--19.46 $\mu$eV. No statistically significant evidence of an axion signal was observed, excluding couplings $|g_\gamma|\geq$ 2.75$\times$$|g_{\gamma}^{\text{KSVZ}}|$ and $|g_\gamma|\geq$ 2.96$\times$$|g_{\gamma}^{\text{KSVZ}}|$ at the 90$\%$ confidence level over the respective region. By combining this data with previously published results using HAYSTAC's squeezed state receiver, a total of 2.27 $\mu$eV of parameter space has now been scanned between 16.96--19.46 $\mu$eV, excluding $|g_\gamma|\geq$ 2.86$\times$$|g_{\gamma}^{\text{KSVZ}}|$ at the 90$\%$ confidence level. These results demonstrate the squeezed state receiver's ability to probe axion models over a significant mass range while achieving a scan rate enhancement relative to a quantum-limited experiment., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures

Published
2024

2. First demonstration of a TES based cryogenic Li$_2$MoO$_4$detector for neutrinoless double beta decay search

Author

Bratrud, G., Chang, C. L., Chen, R., Cudmore, E., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Hong, Z., Kennard, K. T., Lewis, S., Lisovenko, M., Mateo, L. O., Novati, V., Novosad, V., Oliveri, E., Ren, R., Scarpaci, J. A., Schmidt, B., Wang, G., Winslow, L., Yefremenko, V. G., Zhang, J., Baxter, D., Hollister, M., James, C., Lukens, P., and Temples, D. J.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Cryogenic calorimetric experiments to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) are highly competitive, scalable and versatile in isotope. The largest planned detector array, CUPID, is comprised of about 1500 individual Li$_2^{100}$MoO$_{4}$ detector modules with a further scale up envisioned for a follow up experiment (CUPID-1T). In this article, we present a novel detector concept targeting this second stage with a low impedance TES based readout for the Li$_2$MoO$_{4}$ absorber that is easily mass-produced and lends itself to a multiplexed readout. We present the detector design and results from a first prototype detector operated at the NEXUS shallow underground facility at Fermilab. The detector is a 2-cm-side cube with 21$\,$g mass that is strongly thermally coupled to its readout chip to allow rise-times of $\sim$0.5$\,$ms. This design is more than one order of magnitude faster than present NTD based detectors and is hence expected to effectively mitigate backgrounds generated through the pile-up of two independent two neutrino decay events coinciding close in time. Together with a baseline resolution of 1.95$\,$keV (FWHM) these performance parameters extrapolate to a background index from pile-up as low as $5\cdot 10^{-6}\,$counts/keV/kg/yr in CUPID size crystals. The detector was calibrated up to the MeV region showing sufficient dynamic range for $0\nu\beta\beta$ searches. In combination with a SuperCDMS HVeV detector this setup also allowed us to perform a precision measurement of the scintillation time constants of Li$_2$MoO$_{4}$. The crystal showed a significant fast scintillation emission with O(10$\,\mu$s) time-scale, more than an order below the detector response of presently considered light detectors suggesting the possibility of further progress in pile-up rejection through better light detectors in the future.

Published
2024

3. First joint oscillation analysis of Super-Kamiokande atmospheric and T2K accelerator neutrino data

Author

Super-Kamiokande, collaborations, T2K, Abe, S., Abe, K., Akhlaq, N., Akutsu, R., Alarakia-Charles, H., Ali, A., Hakim, Y. I. Alj, Monsalve, S. Alonso, Amanai, S., Andreopoulos, C., Anthony, L. H. V., Antonova, M., Aoki, S., Apte, K. A., Arai, T., Arihara, T., Arimoto, S., Asada, Y., Asaka, R., Ashida, Y., Atkin, E. T., Babu, N., Barbi, M., Barker, G. J., Barr, G., Barrow, D., Bates, P., Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, M., Beauchêne, A., Berardi, V., Berns, L., Bhadra, S., Bhuiyan, N., Bian, J., Blanchet, A., Blondel, A., Bodur, B., Bolognesi, S., Bordoni, S., Boyd, S. B., Bravar, A., Bronner, C., Bubak, A., Avanzini, M. Buizza, Burton, G. T., Caballero, J. A., Calabria, N. F., Cao, S., Carabadjac, D., Carter, A. J., Cartwright, S. L., Casado, M. P., Catanesi, M. G., Cervera, A., Chakrani, J., Chalumeau, A., Chen, S., Cherdack, D., Choi, K., Chong, P. S., Chvirova, A., Cicerchia, M., Coleman, J., Collazuol, G., Cook, L., Cormier, F., Cudd, A., Dalmazzone, C., Daret, T., Dasgupta, P., Davis, C., Davydov, Yu. I., De Roeck, A., De Rosa, G., Dealtry, T., Delogu, C. C., Densham, C., Dergacheva, A., Dharmapal, R., Di Lodovico, F., Lopez, G. Diaz, Dolan, S., Douqa, D., Doyle, T. A., Drapier, O., Duffy, K. E., Dumarchez, J., Dunne, P., Dygnarowicz, K., D'ago, D., Edwards, R., Eguchi, A., Elias, J., Emery-Schrenk, S., Erofeev, G., Ershova, A., Eurin, G., Fannon, J. E. P., Fedorova, D., Fedotov, S., Feltre, M., Feng, J., Feng, L., Ferlewicz, D., Fernandez, P., Finch, A. J., Aguirre, G. A. Fiorentini, Fiorillo, G., Fitton, M. D., Patiño, J. M. Franco, Friend, M., Fujii, Y., Fujisawa, C., Fujita, S., Fukuda, Y., Furui, Y., Gao, J., Gaur, R., Giampaolo, A., Giannessi, L., Giganti, C., Glagolev, V., Goldsack, A., Gonin, M., Rosa, J. González, Goodman, E. A. G., Gorin, A., Gorshanov, K., Gousy-Leblanc, V., Grassi, M., Griskevich, N. J., Guigue, M., Hadley, D., Haigh, J. T., Han, S., Harada, M., Harris, D. A., Hartz, M., Hasegawa, T., Hassani, S., Hastings, N. C., Hayato, Y., Heitkamp, I., Henaff, D., Hill, J., Hino, Y., Hiraide, K., Hogan, M., Holeczek, J., Holin, A., Holvey, T., Van, N. T. Hong, Honjo, T., Horiuchi, S., Hosokawa, K., Hu, Z., Hu, J., Iacob, F., Ichikawa, A. K., Ieki, K., Ikeda, M., Iovine, N., Ishida, T., Ishino, H., Ishitsuka, M., Ishizuka, T., Ito, H., Itow, Y., Izmaylov, A., Izumiyama, S., Jakkapu, M., Jamieson, B., Jang, M. C., Jang, J. S., Jenkins, S. J., Jesús-Valls, C., Ji, J. Y., Jia, M., Jiang, J., Jonsson, P., Joshi, S., Jung, C. K., Jung, S., Kabirnezhad, M., Kaboth, A. C., Kajita, T., Kakuno, H., Kameda, J., Kanemura, Y., Kaneshima, R., Karpova, S., Kasetti, S. P., Kashiwagi, Y., Kasturi, V. S., Kataoka, Y., Katori, T., Kawamura, Y., Kawaue, M., Kearns, E., Khabibullin, M., Khotjantsev, A., Kikawa, T., Kim, S. B., King, S., Kiseeva, V., Kisiel, J., Kneale, L., Kobayashi, H., Kobayashi, T., Kobayashi, M., Koch, L., Kodama, S., Kolupanova, M., Konaka, A., Kormos, L. L., Koshio, Y., Koto, T., Kowalik, K., Kudenko, Y., Kudo, Y., Kuribayashi, S., Kurjata, R., Kurochka, V., Kutter, T., Kuze, M., Kwon, E., La Commara, M., Labarga, L., Lachat, M., Lachner, K., Lagoda, J., Lakshmi, S. M., LamersJames, M., Langella, A., Laporte, J. -F., Last, D., Latham, N., Laveder, M., Lavitola, L., Lawe, M., Learned, J. G., Lee, Y., Lee, S. H., Silverio, D. Leon, Levorato, S., Lewis, S., Li, X., Li, W., Lin, C., Litchfield, R. P., Liu, S. L., Liu, Y. M., Long, K. R., Longhin, A., Moreno, A. Lopez, Lu, X., Ludovici, L., Lux, T., Machado, L. N., Maekawa, Y., Magaletti, L., Mahn, K., Mahtani, K. K., Malek, M., Mandal, M., Manly, S., Marino, A. D., Martens, K., Marti, Ll., Martin, D. G. R., Martin, J. F., Martin, D., Martini, M., Maruyama, T., Matsubara, T., Matsumoto, R., Mattiazzi, M., Matveev, V., Mauger, C., Mavrokoridis, K., Mazzucato, E., McCauley, N., McElwee, J. M., McFarland, K. S., McGrew, C., McKean, J., Mefodiev, A., Megias, G. D., Mehta, P., Mellet, L., Menjo, H., Metelko, C., Mezzetto, M., Migenda, J., Mijakowski, P., Miki, S., Miller, E., Minamino, A., Mine, S., Mineev, O., Mirabito, J., Miura, M., Bueno, L. Molina, Moon, D. H., Mori, M., Moriyama, S., Morrison, P., Muñoz, A., Mueller, Th. A., Munford, D., Munteanu, L., Nagai, Y., Nagai, K., Nakadaira, T., Nakagiri, K., Nakahata, M., Nakajima, Y., Nakamura, A., Nakamura, K., Nakamura, K. D., Nakamura, T., Nakanishi, F., Nakano, Y., Nakaya, T., Nakayama, S., Nakayoshi, K., Naseby, C. E. R., Ngoc, T. V., Nguyen, V. Q., Nguyen, D. T., Nicholson, M., Niewczas, K., Ninomiya, K., Nishijima, K., Nishimori, S., Nishimura, Y., Noguchi, Y., Nosek, T., Nova, F., Novella, P., Nugent, J. C., Odagawa, T., Okazaki, R., Okazawa, H., Okinaga, W., Okumura, K., Okusawa, T., Ommura, Y., Onda, N., Ospina, N., Osu, L., Oyama, Y., O'Flaherty, M., O'Keeffe, H. M., O'Sullivan, L., Périssé, L., Paganini, P., Palladino, V., Paolone, V., Pari, M., Park, R. G., Parlone, J., Pasternak, J., Payne, D., Penn, G. C., de Perio, P., Pershey, D., Pfaff, M., Pickering, L., Pintaudi, G., Pistillo, C., Pointon, B. W., Popov, B., Yrey, A. Portocarrero, Porwit, K., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Prabhu, Y. S., Prasad, H., Pronost, G., Prouse, N. W., Pupilli, F., Quilain, B., Quyen, P. T., Raaf, J. L., Radermacher, T., Radicioni, E., Radics, B., Ramirez, M. A., Ramsden, R. M., Ratoff, P. N., Reh, M., Riccio, C., Richards, B., Rogly, R., Rondio, E., Roth, S., Roy, N., Rubbia, A., Russo, L., Rychter, A., Saenz, W., Sakai, S., Sakashita, K., Samani, S., Santos, A. D., Sato, Y., Sato, K., Schefke, T., Schloesser, C. M., Scholberg, K., Scott, M., Seiya, Y., Sekiguchi, T., Sekiya, H., Seo, J. W., Sgalaberna, D., Shaikhiev, A., Shi, W., Shiba, H., Shibayama, R., Shigeta, N., Shima, S., Shimamura, R., Shimizu, K., Shinoki, M., Shiozawa, M., Shiraishi, Y., Shvartsman, A., Skrobova, N., Skwarczynski, K., Smy, M. B., Smyczek, D., Sobczyk, J. T., Sobel, H. W., Soler, F. J. P., Sonoda, Y., Speers, A. J., Spina, R., Stroke, Y., Suslov, I. A., Suvorov, S., Suzuki, S., Suzuki, A., Suzuki, S. Y., Suzuki, Y., Sánchez, F., Tada, T., Tada, M., Tairafune, S., Takagi, Y., Takeda, A., Takemoto, Y., Takeuchi, Y., Takhistov, V., Takifuji, K., Tanaka, H., Tanaka, H. K., Tanigawa, H., Taniuchi, N., Tano, T., Tarrant, A., Tashiro, T., Teklu, A., Terada, K., Tereshchenko, V. V., Thamm, N., Thiesse, M. D., Thompson, L. F., Toki, W., Tomiya, T., Touramanis, C., Tsui, K. M., Tsukamoto, T., Tzanov, M., Uchida, Y., Vagins, M. R., Vargas, D., Varghese, M., Vasseur, G., Villa, E., Vinning, W. G. S., Virginet, U., Vladisavljevic, T., Wachala, T., Wakabayashi, D., Wallace, H. T., Walsh, J. G., Walter, C. W., Wan, L., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Wark, D., Wascko, M. O., Watanabe, E., Weber, A., Wendell, R. A., Wester, T., Wilking, M. J., Wilkinson, C., Wilson, S. T., Wilson, J. R., Wood, K., Wret, C., Wu, Y., Xia, J., Xie, Z., Xu, B. D., Xu, Y. -H., Yamamoto, K., Yamamoto, T., Yamauchi, K., Yanagisawa, C., Yang, G., Yang, B. S., Yang, J. Y., Yankelevich, A., Yano, T., Yasutome, K., Yershov, N., Yevarouskaya, U., Yokoyama, M., Yoo, J., Yoshida, T., Yoshida, S., Yoshimoto, Y., Yoshimura, N., Yoshioka, Y., Yu, M., Yu, I., Zaki, R., Zaldivar, B., Zalewska, A., Zalipska, J., Zaremba, K., Zarnecki, G., Zhang, J., Zhang, A. Q., Zhang, B., Zhao, X. Y., Zhong, H., Zhu, T., Ziembicki, M., Zimmerman, E. D., Zito, M., and Zsoldos, S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The Super-Kamiokande and T2K collaborations present a joint measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters from their atmospheric and beam neutrino data. It uses a common interaction model for events overlapping in neutrino energy and correlated detector systematic uncertainties between the two datasets, which are found to be compatible. Using 3244.4 days of atmospheric data and a beam exposure of $19.7(16.3) \times 10^{20}$ protons on target in (anti)neutrino mode, the analysis finds a 1.9$\sigma$ exclusion of CP-conservation (defined as $J_{CP}=0$) and a preference for the normal mass ordering., Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures

Published
2024

4. First Measurement of Correlated Charge Noise in Superconducting Qubits at an Underground Facility

Author

Bratrud, G., Lewis, S., Anyang, K., Cesaní, A. Colón, Dyson, T., Magoon, H., Sabhari, D., Spahn, G., Wagner, G., Gualtieri, R., Kurinsky, N. A., Linehan, R., McDermott, R., Sussman, S., Temples, D. J., Uemura, S., Bathurst, C., Cancelo, G., Chen, R., Chou, A., Hernandez, I., Hollister, M., Hsu, L., James, C., Kennard, K., Khatiwada, R., Lukens, P., Novati, V., Raha, N., Ray, S., Ren, R., Rodriguez, A., Schmidt, B., Stifter, K., Yu, J., Baxter, D., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., and Bowring, D.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We measure space- and time-correlated charge jumps on a four-qubit device, operating 107 meters below the Earth's surface in a low-radiation, cryogenic facility designed for the characterization of low-threshold particle detectors. The rock overburden of this facility reduces the cosmic ray muon flux by over 99% compared to laboratories at sea level. Combined with 4$\pi$ coverage of a movable lead shield, this facility enables quantifiable control over the flux of ionizing radiation on the qubit device. Long-time-series charge tomography measurements on these weakly charge-sensitive qubits capture discontinuous jumps in the induced charge on the qubit islands, corresponding to the interaction of ionizing radiation with the qubit substrate. The rate of these charge jumps scales with the flux of ionizing radiation on the qubit package, as characterized by a series of independent measurements on another energy-resolving detector operating simultaneously in the same cryostat with the qubits. Using lead shielding, we achieve a minimum charge jump rate of 0.19$^{+0.04}_{-0.03}$ mHz, almost an order of magnitude lower than that measured in surface tests, but a factor of roughly eight higher than expected based on reduction of ambient gammas alone. We operate four qubits for over 22 consecutive hours with zero correlated charge jumps at length scales above three millimeters., Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables. Minor update to the measured gamma flux ratio (Page 4 and Supplemental Section F) in the LMO detector, from 23 to 20. Typos corrected, references added. Extraneous .tex files have been removed that were causing errors with the "HTML (experimental)" arxiv feature

Published
2024

5. A dynamical measure of the black hole mass in a quasar 11 billion years ago

Author

Abuter, R., Allouche, F., Amorim, A., Bailet, C., Berdeu, A., Berger, J. -P., Berio, P., Bigioli, A., Boebion, O., Bolzer, M. -L., Bonnet, H., Bourdarot, G., Bourget, P., Brandner, W., Cao, Y., Conzelmann, R., Comin, M., Clénet, Y., Courtney-Barrer, B., Davies, R., Defrère, D., Delboulbé, A., Delplancke-Ströbele, F., Dembet, R., Dexter, J., de Zeeuw, P. T., Drescher, A., Eckart, A., Édouard, C., Eisenhauer, F., Fabricius, M., Feuchtgruber, H., Finger, G., Schreiber, N. M. Förster, Garcia, P., Lopez, R. Garcia, Gao, F., Gendron, E., Genzel, R., Gil, J. P., Gillessen, S., Gomes, T., Gonté, F., Gouvret, C., Guajardo, P., Guieu, S., Hackenberg, W., Haddad, N., Hartl, M., Haubois, X., Haußmann, F., Heißel, G., Henning, Th., Hippler, S., Hönig, S. F., Horrobin, M., Hubin, N., Jacqmart, E., Jocou, L., Kaufer, A., Kervella, P., Kolb, J., Korhonen, H., Lacour, S., Lagarde, S., Lai, O., Lapeyrère, V., Laugier, R., Bouquin, J. -B. Le, Leftley, J., Léna, P., Lewis, S., Liu, D., Lopez, B., Lutz, D., Magnard, Y., Mang, F., Marcotto, A., Maurel, D., Mérand, A., Millour, F., More, N., Netzer, H., Nowacki, H., Nowak, M., Oberti, S., Ott, T., Pallanca, L., Paumard, T., Perraut, K., Perrin, G., Petrov, R., Pfuhl, O., Pourré, N., Rabien, S., Rau, C., Riquelme, M., Robbe-Dubois, S., Rochat, S., Salman, M., Sanchez-Bermudez, J., Santos, D. J. D., Scheithauer, S., Schöller, M., Schubert, J., Schuhler, N., Shangguan, J., Shchekaturov, P., Shimizu, T. T., Sevin, A., Soulez, F., Spang, A., Stadler, E., Sternberg, A., Straubmeier, C., Sturm, E., Sykes, C., Tacconi, L. J., Tristram, K. R. W., Vincent, F., von Fellenberg, S., Uysal, S., Widmann, F., Wieprecht, E., Wiezorrek, E., Woillez, J., and Zins, G.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Tight relationships exist in the local universe between the central stellar properties of galaxies and the mass of their supermassive black hole. These suggest galaxies and black holes co-evolve, with the main regulation mechanism being energetic feedback from accretion onto the black hole during its quasar phase. A crucial question is how the relationship between black holes and galaxies evolves with time; a key epoch to probe this relationship is at the peaks of star formation and black hole growth 8-12 billion years ago (redshifts 1-3). Here we report a dynamical measurement of the mass of the black hole in a luminous quasar at a redshift of 2, with a look back time of 11 billion years, by spatially resolving the broad line region. We detect a 40 micro-arcsecond (0.31 pc) spatial offset between the red and blue photocenters of the H$\alpha$ line that traces the velocity gradient of a rotating broad line region. The flux and differential phase spectra are well reproduced by a thick, moderately inclined disk of gas clouds within the sphere of influence of a central black hole with a mass of 3.2x10$^{8}$ solar masses. Molecular gas data reveal a dynamical mass for the host galaxy of 6x10$^{11}$ solar masses, which indicates an under-massive black hole accreting at a super-Eddington rate. This suggests a host galaxy that grew faster than the supermassive black hole, indicating a delay between galaxy and black hole formation for some systems., Comment: 5 pages Main text, 8 figures, 2 tables, to be published in Nature, under embargo until 29 January 2024 16:00 (London)

Published
2024
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8. Time to blood pressure control and predictors among patients receiving integrated treatment for hypertension and HIV based on an adapted WHO HEARTS implementation strategy at a large urban HIV clinic in Uganda

Author

Amutuhaire, Willington, Semitala, Fred Collins, Kimera, Isaac Derick, Namugenyi, Christabellah, Mulindwa, Frank, Ssenyonjo, Rebecca, Katwesigye, Rodgers, Mugabe, Frank, Mutungi, Gerald, Ssinabulya, Isaac, Schwartz, Jeremy I., Katahoire, Anne R., Musoke, Lewis S., Yendewa, George A., Longenecker, Chris T., and Muddu, Martin

Published
2024
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14. New Results from HAYSTAC's Phase II Operation with a Squeezed State Receiver

Author

HAYSTAC Collaboration, Jewell, M. J., Leder, A. F., Backes, K. M., Bai, Xiran, van Bibber, K., Brubaker, B. M., Cahn, S. B., Droster, A., Esmat, Maryam H., Ghosh, Sumita, Graham, Eleanor, Hilton, Gene C., Jackson, H., Laffan, Claire, Lamoreaux, S. K., Lehnert, K. W., Lewis, S. M., Malnou, M., Maruyama, R. H., Palken, D. A., Rapidis, N. M., Ruddy, E. P., Simanovskaia, M., Singh, Sukhman, Speller, D. H., Vale, Leila R., Wang, H., and Zhu, Yuqi

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

A search for dark matter axions with masses $>10 \mu eV/c^{2}$ has been performed using the HAYSTAC experiment's squeezed state receiver to achieve sub-quantum limited noise. This report includes details of the design and operation of the experiment previously used to search for axions in the mass ranges $16.96-17.12$ and $17.14-17.28 \mu eV/c^{2}$($4.100-4.140$GHz) and $4.145-4.178$GHz) as well as upgrades to facilitate an extended search at higher masses. These upgrades include improvements to the data acquisition routine which have reduced the effective dead time by a factor of 5, allowing for the new region to be scanned $\sim$1.6 times faster with comparable sensitivity. No statistically significant evidence of an axion signal is found in the range $18.44-18.71\mu eV/c^{2}$($4.459-4.523$GHz), leading to an aggregate upper limit exclusion at the $90\%$ level on the axion-photon coupling of $2.06\times g_{\gamma}^{KSVZ}$., Comment: 20 pages, 16 figures

Published
2023

17. Contributors

Author

Adams, Axel, primary, Affun-Adegbulu, Clara, additional, Al-Rasheed, Rakan S., additional, Alaska, Yasser A., additional, Aldawas, Abdulaziz D., additional, Alesa, Saleh Ali, additional, Alexander, George A., additional, Alhadhira, Abdullah Ahmed, additional, Alhajjaj, Fahad Saleha, additional, Alhazmi, Hazem H., additional, Alhussaini, Zainab Abdullah, additional, Aljerian, Nawfal, additional, Aljohani, Majed, additional, AlKhaldi, Khaldoon H., additional, Alkhattabi, Eyad, additional, Allen, Bryant, additional, Almand, Austin, additional, Alnoaimi, Moza M., additional, Alotaibi, Mohammad, additional, Alpert, Evan Avraham, additional, Alrusayni, Yasir A., additional, Alshammari, Mai, additional, Alsulimani, Loui K., additional, Amanullah, Siraj, additional, Anderson, Arian, additional, Arastehmanesh, David, additional, Ardalan, Ali, additional, Argote-Araméndiz, Killiam A., additional, Artenstein, Andrew W., additional, Bailey, Olivia E., additional, Baker, Russell, additional, Balsari, Satchit, additional, Banner, Gregory T., additional, M, Fermin Barrueto, additional, Bartels, Susan A., additional, Baugh, Joshua J., additional, Berg, Frederic, additional, Bhola, Vijai, additional, Binder, William, additional, Bortolin, Michelangelo, additional, Bounes, Vincent, additional, Bouton, Michael, additional, Brown, Natasha, additional, Jr, Frederick M. Burkle,, additional, Burnett, Lynn Barkley, additional, Burns, Michele M., additional, Sr, Nicholas V. Cagliuso,, additional, Cahill, John, additional, Callaway, David W., additional, Caneva, Duane C., additional, Cattamanchi, Srihari, additional, Caycedo, Alejandra, additional, Cetaruk, Edward W., additional, Chacko, Sneha, additional, Chang, James C., additional, Chiang, Crystal, additional, Chiu, David T., additional, Ciottone, Gregory R., additional, Ciottone, Jonathan Peter, additional, Ciottone, Melissa A., additional, Ciottone, Robert A., additional, Ciottone, Robert G., additional, Ciottone, Vigen G., additional, Clark, Alexander, additional, Clark, Jonathan, additional, Conley, Sean P., additional, Cono, Joanne, additional, Cooper, Arthur, additional, Cormier, Scott B., additional, Court, Michael F., additional, Cunningham, Cord W., additional, Czarnecki, Fabrice, additional, Davis, Supriya, additional, Davis, Timothy E., additional, DeMers, Gerard, additional, Dilling, Sharon, additional, Djalali, Ahmadreza, additional, Donahoe, Timothy, additional, Donahue, Joseph, additional, Dresser, Caleb, additional, Dylik, Jason, additional, Easter, Benjamin, additional, Eastman, Alexander, additional, Ebbeling, Laura, additional, Emetarom, Chigozie, additional, Eyal, Nir, additional, Eyre, Andrew J., additional, Freeman, David J., additional, Friedman, Franklin D., additional, Fritz, Christie, additional, Fung, Frederick, additional, Gallahue, Fiona E., additional, Garbern, Stephanie Chow, additional, Gebhart, Mark E., additional, Gluckman, William A., additional, Goolsby, Craig, additional, Gougelet, Robert M., additional, Granholm, Fredrik, additional, Greenough, P. Gregg, additional, Grimes, Jennifer O., additional, Grosse, Steve, additional, Grossman, Shamai A., additional, Jr, John T. Groves, additional, Guidotti, Tee L., additional, Guo, George, additional, Haessler, Sarah, additional, Hall, Matthew M., additional, Hardin, John W., additional, Harrell, Mason, additional, Hart, MD, Alexander, additional, Harvey, Melissa, additional, Hertelendy, PhD, Attila J., additional, Hiremath, Nishanth S., additional, Hitchens, Jordan, additional, Holstege, Christopher P., additional, Horne, Simon T., additional, Horng, Steven, additional, Hosin, Amer, additional, House, Hans R., additional, Ingrassia, Pier Luigi, additional, Issa, Fadi S., additional, Jacoby, Irving “Jake”, additional, Jaiswal, Rajnish, additional, Jay, Gregory, additional, Jenkins, J. Lee, additional, Joseph, Josh W., additional, Kappler, Shane, additional, Keim, Mark E., additional, Kelman, Julie, additional, Ketterer, Andrew R., additional, Khan, Anas A., additional, Kharel, Ramu, additional, Kharod, Chetan U., additional, Kirsch, Thomas D., additional, Knopov, Anita, additional, Kravitz, Max, additional, Lee, J. Austin, additional, Lemery, Jay, additional, Leventhal, Evan L., additional, Loughlin, Jesse, additional, Ludy, Stephanie, additional, Maguire, Brian J., additional, Mahon, Selwyn E., additional, Maniscalco, Paul M., additional, Manners, Philip, additional, Marcus, Leonard Jay, additional, Margus, Colton, additional, Masri, Taha M., additional, Matthews, Jeff, additional, McKay, Sean D., additional, McKinney, Zeke J., additional, McLellan, Robert K., additional, McNulty, Eric J., additional, Mehkri, Faroukh, additional, Mehta, Mandana, additional, Mendelsohn, Rebecca A., additional, Merin, Ofer, additional, Milsten, Andrew, additional, Molé, Dale M., additional, Molloy, Michael Sean, additional, Morelli, Ilaria, additional, Mothershead, Jerry L., additional, Mulhern, John, additional, Mullendore, Nicole F., additional, Musisca, Nicholas J., additional, Naganathan, Sonya, additional, Nathanson, Larry A., additional, Nelson, Erica L., additional, Nelson, Lewis S., additional, Newbury, Bradford A., additional, Newbury, Kimberly, additional, O’Neill, Ansley, additional, Obernier, Robert, additional, Olagnero, Jacopo M., additional, Oostrom-Shah, Leonie, additional, Ordun, Catherine Y., additional, Parazynski, Scott, additional, Park, Andrew J., additional, Partridge, Robert, additional, S, Jeffrey, additional, Phillips, James P., additional, Pinter, Emily, additional, IV, David P. Polatty, additional, Popieluszko, Patrick, additional, Porcaro, William, additional, Proano, Lawrence, additional, Pruitt, Peter B., additional, Qureshi, Moiz, additional, Ragazzoni, Luca, additional, Rashid, Murtaza, additional, Rega, Paul Patrick, additional, Reilly, Michael J., additional, Restuccia, Marc C., additional, Rifino, James J., additional, Robben, Paul M., additional, Rosenblatt, Joy L., additional, Ryan, Kevin M., additional, Rybasack-Smith, Heather, additional, Salway, Richard James, additional, Samo, Daniel, additional, Sanchez, Leon D., additional, Sanford, Shawn M., additional, Sarin, Ritu R., additional, Sarma, Deesha, additional, Schacht, Jesse, additional, Schwind, Valarie, additional, Shapiro, Geoffrey L., additional, Sheehan, Joshua, additional, Shreve, Brian, additional, Simonyan, Grigor, additional, Smith, Devin M., additional, MD, E. Reed Smith,, additional, MA, Jack E. Smith,, additional, Smith, Montray, additional, Smulowitz, Peter B., additional, Snyder, Angela M., additional, Solano, Joshua J., additional, Stenson, Bryan A., additional, Stewart, Charles, additional, Stewart, M. Kathleen, additional, Sullivan, Patrick, additional, Supple, Jared S., additional, Tin, Derrick, additional, Valente, Jonathan Harris, additional, Vear, Kathryn M., additional, Vidyalakshmi, P.R., additional, Vilas, Faith, additional, Vilke, Gary M., additional, Villano, Janna H., additional, Voskanyan, Amalia, additional, Watson, C. James, additional, Weber, Nancy, additional, Weiner, Scott G., additional, Weinstein, Brielle, additional, Weinstein, Eric S., additional, Werner, Jordan R., additional, MD, Roy Karl Werner,, additional, Whitledge, James D., additional, Wiener, Sage W., additional, Wiesner, Lauren, additional, Williams, Kenneth A., additional, Wing, Robyn, additional, Wolfe, Richard E., additional, Wong, Wendy Hin-Wing, additional, Woolard, Robert, additional, Wuthisuthimethawee, Prasit, additional, and Youssef, Nadine A., additional

Published
2024
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20. Prolonged infusion of flumazenil for the reversal of sedation from chlordiazepoxide: a case report

Author

Anthony Spadaro, Mehruba Parris, Paul Valestra, Howard A. Greller, Diane P. Calello, Lewis S. Nelson, and Christopher W. Meaden

Subjects
Flumazenil, alcohol use disorder, benzodiazepines, toxicology, sedation, case report, Toxicology. Poisons, RA1190-1270
Abstract

A continuous infusion of flumazenil may be needed to mitigate prolonged sedation from benzodiazepines. Some benzodiazepines have extended durations of action. We describe a cirrhotic patient who was on an infusion of flumazenil for 37 days due to prolonged sedation from chlordiazepoxide. An 80-year-old man with alcohol use disorder and cirrhosis presented to the emergency department for abdominal distention and was admitted for management of ascites. On hospital day (HD) 2, he developed alcohol withdrawal, for which he received 350 mg of chlordiazepoxide over 48 h. Without receiving further sedatives, the patient remained deeply sedated. A bolus dose of flumazenil on HD 18 improved his mental status, allowing him to follow commands. A flumazenil infusion was started on HD 18. Serum chlordiazepoxide and nordiazepam concentrations were 230 ng/mL and 265 ng/mL, respectively, on hospital day 21, despite no additional doses since HD 4. The infusion was stopped 37 days after initiation (HD 55) and the patient was discharged on HD 76 to subacute rehabilitation. Patients with cirrhosis may develop prolonged sedation from chlordiazepoxide. This patient had detectable metabolites of chlordiazepoxide weeks after his last dose, which was associated with prolonged sedation managed with flumazenil infusion.

Published
2024
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21. Differential activation of lateral parabrachial nuclei and their limbic projections during head compared with body pain: A 7-Tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Author

Rebecca V Robertson, Noemi Meylakh, Lewis S Crawford, Fernando A Tinoco Mendoza, Paul M Macey, Vaughan G Macefield, Kevin A Keay, and Luke A Henderson

Subjects
Brainstem, Parabrachial nucleus, Hypothalamus, Thalamus, Ultra-high field MRI, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Pain is a complex experience that involves sensory, emotional, and motivational components. It has been suggested that pain arising from the head and orofacial regions evokes stronger emotional responses than pain from the body. Indeed, recent work in rodents reports different patterns of activation in ascending pain pathways during noxious stimulation of the skin of the face when compared to noxious stimulation of the body. Such differences may dictate different activation patterns in higher brain regions, specifically in those areas processing the affective component of pain. We aimed to use ultra-high field functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI at 7-Tesla) to determine whether noxious thermal stimuli applied to the surface of the face and body evoke differential activation patterns within the ascending pain pathway in awake humans (n=16). Compared to the body, noxious heat stimulation to the face evoked more widespread signal changes in prefrontal cortical regions and numerous brainstem and subcortical limbic areas. Moreover, facial pain evoked significantly different signal changes in the lateral parabrachial nucleus, substantia nigra, paraventricular hypothalamus, and paraventricular thalamus, to those evoked by body pain. These results are consistent with recent preclinical findings of differential activation in the brainstem and subcortical limbic nuclei and associated cortices during cutaneous pain of the face when compared with the body. The findings suggest one potential mechanism by which facial pain could evoke a greater emotional impact than that evoked by body pain.

Published
2024
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22. A data-driven framework to inform sustainable management of animal manure in rural agricultural regions using emerging resource recovery technologies

Author

Mohammed T. Zaki, Lewis S. Rowles, Jeff Hallowell, and Kevin D. Orner

Subjects
Machine learning, Life cycle assessment, Techno-economic analysis, Pyrolysis, Hydrothermal carbonization, Carbon dioxide removal, Environmental effects of industries and plants, TD194-195
Abstract

Thermochemical conversion technologies are emerging as preferred resource recovery practices for managing animal manure in agricultural regions. Although the implementation of such technologies has been previously studied, difficulties exist in maintaining balance between high rate of resource recovery and low environmental, economic, and social impacts, particularly in rural regions with limited resources. We developed a data-driven framework by integrating machine learning with life cycle thinking that can be used as an open-source tool to help overcome these barriers. The framework was applied to compare two emerging technologies: pyrolysis versus hydrothermal carbonization for managing the excess poultry litter in a rural agricultural region. Among different machine learning models, random forest regression was the most successful to predict resource recovery of both technologies. Next, sustainability analysis indicated that the environmental (global warming), economic (annual worth), and social (system intrusiveness) impacts of pyrolysis was lower than hydrothermal carbonization. Finally, the framework revealed that implementation of pyrolysis at 600 °C for 1 h with the heating rate of 20 °C/min would result in the highest rate of resource recovery that corresponded to the lowest impacts. These results can be helpful in providing operational conditions for implementing emerging resource recovery technologies in rural agricultural regions.

Published
2024
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23. Axion Dark Matter

Author

Adams, C. B., Aggarwal, N., Agrawal, A., Balafendiev, R., Bartram, C., Baryakhtar, M., Bekker, H., Belov, P., Berggren, K. K., Berlin, A., Boutan, C., Bowring, D., Budker, D., Caldwell, A., Carenza, P., Carosi, G., Cervantes, R., Chakrabarty, S. S., Chaudhuri, S., Chen, T. Y., Cheong, S., Chou, A., Co, R. T., Conrad, J., Croon, D., D'Agnolo, R. T., Demarteau, M., DePorzio, N., Descalle, M., Desch, K., Di Luzio, L., Diaz-Morcillo, A., Dona, K., Drachnev, I. S., Droster, A., Du, N., Dunne, K., Döbrich, B., Ellis, S. A. R., Essig, R., Fan, J., Foster, J. W., Fry, J. T., Rosso, A. Gallo, Barceló, J. M. García, Irastorza, I. G., Gardner, S., Geraci, A. A., Ghosh, S., Giaccone, B., Giannotti, M., Gimeno, B., Grin, D., Grote, H., Guzzetti, M., Awida, M. H., Henning, R., Hoof, S., Hoshino, G., Irsic, V., Irwin, K. D., Jackson, H., Kimball, D. F. Jackson, Jaeckel, J., Jakovcic, K., Jewell, M. J., Kagan, M., Kahn, Y., Khatiwada, R., Knirck, S., Kovachy, T., Krueger, P., Kuenstner, S. E., Kurinsky, N. A., Leane, R. K., Leder, A. F., Lee, C., Lehnert, K. W., Lentz, E. W., Lewis, S. M., Liu, J., Lynn, M., Majorovits, B., Marsh, D. J. E., Maruyama, R. H., McAllister, B. T., Millar, A. J., Miller, D. W., Mitchell, J., Morampudi, S., Mueller, G., Nagaitsev, S., Nardi, E., Noroozian, O., O'Hare, C. A. J., Oblath, N. S., Ouellet, J. L., Pappas, K. M. W., Peiris, H. V., Perez, K., Phipps, A., Pivovaroff, M. J., Quílez, P., Rapidis, N. M., Robles, V. H., Rogers, K. K., Rudolph, J., Ruz, J., Rybka, G., Safdari, M., Safdi, B. R., Safronova, M. S., Salemi, C. P., Schuster, P., Schwartzman, A., Shu, J., Simanovskaia, M., Singh, J., Singh, S., Sinha, K., Sinnis, J. T., Siodlaczek, M., Smith, M. S., Snow, W. M., Sokolov, A. V., Sonnenschein, A., Speller, D. H., Stadnik, Y. V., Sun, C., Sushkov, A. O., Tait, T. M. P., Takhistov, V., Tanner, D. B., Tavecchio, F., Temples, D. J., Thomas, J. H., Tobar, M. E., Toro, N., Tsai, Y. -D., van Assendelft, E. C., van Bibber, K., Vandegar, M., Visinelli, L., Vitagliano, E., Vogel, J. K., Wang, Z., Wickenbrock, A., Winslow, L., Withington, S., Wooten, M., Yang, J., Young, B. A., Yu, F., Zhou, K., and Zhou, T.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Axions are well-motivated dark matter candidates with simple cosmological production mechanisms. They were originally introduced to solve the strong CP problem, but also arise in a wide range of extensions to the Standard Model. This Snowmass white paper summarizes axion phenomenology and outlines next-generation laboratory experiments proposed to detect axion dark matter. There are vibrant synergies with astrophysical searches and advances in instrumentation including quantum-enabled readout, high-Q resonators and cavities and large high-field magnets. This white paper outlines a clear roadmap to discovery, and shows that the US is well-positioned to be at the forefront of the search for axion dark matter in the coming decade., Comment: restore and expand author list

Published
2022

24. New Horizons: Scalar and Vector Ultralight Dark Matter

Author

Antypas, D., Banerjee, A., Bartram, C., Baryakhtar, M., Betz, J., Bollinger, J. J., Boutan, C., Bowring, D., Budker, D., Carney, D., Carosi, G., Chaudhuri, S., Cheong, S., Chou, A., Chowdhury, M. D., Co, R. T., López-Urrutia, J. R. Crespo, Demarteau, M., DePorzio, N., Derbin, A. V., Deshpande, T., Di Luzio, L., Diaz-Morcillo, A., Doyle, J. M., Drlica-Wagner, A., Droster, A., Du, N., Döbrich, B., Eby, J., Essig, R., Farren, G. S., Figueroa, N. L., Fry, J. T., Gardner, S., Geraci, A. A., Ghalsasi, A., Ghosh, S., Giannotti, M., Gimeno, B., Griffin, S. M., Grin, D., Grote, H., Gundlach, J. H., Guzzetti, M., Hanneke, D., Harnik, R., Henning, R., Irsic, V., Jackson, H., Kimball, D. F. Jackson, Jaeckel, J., Kagan, M., Kedar, D., Khatiwada, R., Knirck, S., Kolkowitz, S., Kovachy, T., Kuenstner, S. E., Lasner, Z., Leder, A. F., Lehnert, R., Leibrandt, D. R., Lentz, E., Lewis, S. M., Liu, Z., Manley, J., Maruyama, R. H., Millar, A. J., Muratova, V. N., Musoke, N., Nagaitsev, S., Noroozian, O., O'Hare, C. A. J., Ouellet, J. L., Pappas, K. M. W., Peik, E., Perez, G., Phipps, A., Rapidis, N. M., Robinson, J. M., Robles, V. H., Rogers, K. K., Rudolph, J., Rybka, G., Safdari, M., Safronova, M. S., Salemi, C. P., Schmidt, P. O., Schumm, T., Schwartzman, A., Shu, J., Simanovskaia, M., Singh, J., Singh, S., Smith, M. S., Snow, W. M., Stadnik, Y. V., Sun, C., Sushkov, A. O., Tait, T. M. P., Takhistov, V., Tanner, D. B., Temples, D. J., Thirolf, P. G., Thomas, J. H., Tobar, M. E., Tretiak, O., Tsai, Y. -D., Tyson, J. A., Vandegar, M., Vermeulen, S., Visinelli, L., Vitagliano, E., Wang, Z., Wilson, D. J., Winslow, L., Withington, S., Wooten, M., Yang, J., Ye, J., Young, B. A., Yu, F., Zaheer, M. H., Zelevinsky, T., Zhao, Y., and Zhou, K.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Quantum Physics
Abstract

The last decade has seen unprecedented effort in dark matter model building at all mass scales coupled with the design of numerous new detection strategies. Transformative advances in quantum technologies have led to a plethora of new high-precision quantum sensors and dark matter detection strategies for ultralight ($<10\,$eV) bosonic dark matter that can be described by an oscillating classical, largely coherent field. This white paper focuses on searches for wavelike scalar and vector dark matter candidates., Comment: Snowmass 2021 White Paper

Published
2022

25. Exploration of Wire Array Metamaterials for the Plasma Axion Haloscope

Author

Wooten, M., Droster, A., Kenany, Al, Sun, D., Lewis, S. M., and van Bibber, K.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

A plasma haloscope has recently been proposed as a feasible approach to extend the search for dark matter axions above 10 GHz ($\sim$ 40 $\mu$eV), whereby the microwave cavity in a conventional axion haloscope is supplanted by a wire array metamaterial. As the plasma frequency of a metamaterial is determined by its unit cell, and is thus a bulk property, a metamaterial resonator of any frequency can be made arbitrarily large, in contrast to a microwave cavity which incurs a steep penalty in volume with increasing frequency. We have investigated the basic properties of wire array metamaterials through $S_{21}$ measurements in the 10 GHz range. Excellent agreement with theoretical models is found, by which we project achievable quality factors to be of order $10^{4}$ in an actual axion search. Furthermore, schemes for tuning the array over a usable dynamic range ($30\%$ in frequency) appear practical from an engineering perspective., Comment: Published in Annalen der Physik

Published
2022

26. QSDsan: An Integrated Platform for Quantitative Sustainable Design of Sanitation and Resource Recovery Systems

Author

Li, Yalin, Zhang, Xinyi, Morgan, Victoria L., Lohman, Hannah A. C., Rowles, Lewis S., Mittal, Smiti, Kogler, Anna, Cusick, Roland D., Tarpeh, William A., and Guest, Jeremy S.

Subjects
Computer Science - Computers and Society
Abstract

Sustainable sanitation and resource recovery technologies are needed to address rapid environmental and socioeconomic changes. Research prioritization is critical to expedite the development and deployment of such technologies across their vast system space (e.g., technology choices, design and operating decisions). In this study, we introduce QSDsan - an open-source tool written in Python (under the object-oriented programming paradigm) and developed for the quantitative sustainable design (QSD) of sanitation and resource recovery systems. As an integrated platform for system design, process modeling and simulation, techno-economic analysis (TEA), and life cycle assessment (LCA), QSDsan can be used to enumerate and investigate the opportunity space for emerging technologies under uncertainty, while considering contextual parameters that are critical to technology deployment. We illustrate the core capabilities of QSDsan through two distinct examples: (i) evaluation of a complete sanitation value chain that compares three alternative systems; and (ii) dynamic simulation of the wastewater treatment plant described in the benchmark simulation model no. 1 (BSM1). Through these examples, we show the utility of QSDsan to automate design, enable flexible process modeling, achieve rapid and reproducible simulations, and to perform advanced statistical analyses with integrated visualization. We strive to make QSDsan a community-led platform with online documentation, tutorials (explanatory notes, executable scripts, and video demonstrations), and a growing ecosystem of supporting packages (e.g., DMsan for decision-making). This platform can be freely accessed, used, and expanded by researchers, practitioners, and the public alike, ultimately contributing to the advancement of safe and affordable sanitation technologies around the globe.

Published
2022
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30. The expanding range of emerging tick-borne viruses in Eastern Europe and the Black Sea Region

Author

Koray Ergunay, Brian P. Bourke, Drew D. Reinbold-Wasson, Mikeljon P. Nikolich, Suppaluck P. Nelson, Laura Caicedo-Quiroga, Nataliya Vaydayko, Giorgi Kirkitadze, Tamar Chunashvili, Lewis S. Long, Jason K. Blackburn, Nora G. Cleary, Cynthia L. Tucker, and Yvonne-Marie Linton

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract We analysed both pooled and individual tick samples collected from four countries in Eastern Europe and the Black Sea region, using metagenome-based nanopore sequencing (NS) and targeted amplification. Initially, 1337 ticks, belonging to 11 species, were screened in 217 pools. Viruses (21 taxa) and human pathogens were detected in 46.5% and 7.3%, respectively. Tick-borne viral pathogens comprised Tacheng Tick Virus 2 (TTV2, 5.9%), Jingmen Tick Virus (JMTV, 0.9%) and Tacheng Tick Virus 1 (TTV1, 0.4%). An association of tick species with individual virus taxa was observed, with the exception of TTV2, which was observed in both Dermacentor and Haemaphysalis species. Individual ticks from pools with pathogen detection were then further screened by targeted amplification and then NS, which provided extensive genome data and revealed probable pathogen Haseki Tick Virus (HTV, 10.2%). Two distinct TTV2 clades were observed in phylogenetic analysis, one of which included closely related Dermacentor reticulatus Uukuviruses. JMTV detection indicated integrated virus sequences. Overall, we observed an expansion of newly documented pathogenic tick-borne viruses into Europe, with TTV1 being identified on the continent for the first time. These viruses should be included in the diagnostic assessment of symptomatic cases associated with tick bites and vector surveillance efforts. NS is shown as a useful tool for monitoring tick-associated pathogens in pooled or individual samples.

Published
2023
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43. Brainstem Mechanisms of Pain Modulation: A within-Subjects 7T fMRI Study of Placebo Analgesic and Nocebo Hyperalgesic Responses.

Author

Crawford, Lewis S, Mills, Emily P, Hanson, Theo, Macey, Paul M, Glarin, Rebecca, Macefield, Vaughan G, Keay, Kevin A, and Henderson, Luke A

Subjects
Neurosciences, Mind and Body, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Pain Research, Chronic Pain, Behavioral and Social Science, Clinical Research, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Aetiology, Underpinning research, Neurological, Adult, Analgesics, Brain Stem, Female, Humans, Hyperalgesia, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Nocebo Effect, Pain Perception, Placebos, analgesia, hyperalgesia, nocebo, nociception, pain modulation, placebo, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery
Abstract

Pain perception can be powerfully influenced by an individual's expectations and beliefs. Although the cortical circuitry responsible for pain modulation has been thoroughly investigated, the brainstem pathways involved in the modulatory phenomena of placebo analgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia remain to be directly addressed. This study used ultra-high-field 7 tesla functional MRI (fMRI) to accurately resolve differences in brainstem circuitry present during the generation of placebo analgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia in healthy human participants (N = 25, 12 male). Over 2 successive days, through blinded application of altered thermal stimuli, participants were deceptively conditioned to believe that two inert creams labeled lidocaine (placebo) and capsaicin (nocebo) were acting to modulate their pain relative to a third Vaseline (control) cream. In a subsequent test phase, fMRI image sets were collected while participants were given identical noxious stimuli to all three cream sites. Pain intensity ratings were collected and placebo and nocebo responses determined. Brainstem-specific fMRI analysis revealed altered activity in key pain modulatory nuclei, including a disparate recruitment of the periaqueductal gray (PAG)-rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) pathway when both greater placebo and nocebo effects were observed. Additionally, we found that placebo and nocebo responses differentially activated the parabrachial nucleus but overlapped in engagement of the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus. These data reveal that placebo and nocebo effects are generated through differential engagement of the PAG-RVM pathway, which in concert with other brainstem sites likely influences the experience of pain by modulating activity at the level of the dorsal horn.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Understanding endogenous pain modulatory mechanisms would support development of effective clinical treatment strategies for both acute and chronic pain. Specific brainstem nuclei have long been known to play a central role in nociceptive modulation; however, because of the small size and complex organization of the nuclei, previous neuroimaging efforts have been limited in directly identifying how these subcortical networks interact during the development of antinociceptive and pro-nociceptive effects. We used ultra-high-field fMRI to resolve brainstem structures and measure signal change during placebo analgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia. We define overlapping and disparate brainstem circuitry responsible for altering pain perception. These findings extend our understanding of the detailed organization and function of discrete brainstem nuclei involved in pain processing and modulation.

Published
2021

44. Interplay of crystal thickness and in-plane anisotropy and evolution of quasi-one dimensional electronic character in ReSe$_{2}$

Author

Hart, Lewis S., Gunasekera, Surani M., Webb, James L., Mucha-Kruczynski, Marcin, Avila, José, Asensio, María C., and Wolverson, Daniel

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We study the valence band structure of ReSe$_{2}$ crystals with varying thickness down to a single layer using nanoscale angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory. The width of the top valence band in the direction perpendicular to the rhenium chains decreases with decreasing number of layers, from 280 meV for the bulk to 61 meV for monolayer. This demonstrates increase of in-plane anisotropy induced by changes in the interlayer coupling and suggests progressively more one-dimensional character of electronic states in few-layer rhenium dichalcogenides.

Published
2020
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46. Stimulus-independent and stimulus-dependent neural networks underpin placebo analgesia responsiveness in humans

Author

Lewis S. Crawford, Noemi Meylakh, Paul M. Macey, Vaughan G. Macefield, Kevin A. Keay, and Luke A. Henderson

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Abstract The neural circuits that regulate placebo analgesia responsivity are unknown, although engagement of brainstem pain modulatory regions is likely critical. Here we show in 47 participants that differences are present in neural circuit connectivity’s in placebo responders versus non-responders. We distinguish stimulus-independent and stimulus-dependent neural networks that display altered connections between the hypothalamus, anterior cingulate cortex and midbrain periaqueductal gray matter. This dual regulatory system underpins an individual’s ability to mount placebo analgesia.

Published
2023
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47. A quantum-enhanced search for dark matter axions

Author

Backes, K. M., Palken, D. A., Kenany, S. Al, Brubaker, B. M., Cahn, S. B., Droster, A., Hilton, Gene C., Ghosh, Sumita, Jackson, H., Lamoreaux, S. K., Leder, A. F., Lehnert, K. W., Lewis, S. M., Malnou, M., Maruyama, R. H., Rapidis, N. M., Simanovskaia, M., Singh, Sukhman, Speller, D. H., Urdinaran, I., Vale, Leila R., van Assendelft, E. C., van Bibber, K., and Wang, H.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

In dark matter axion searches, quantum uncertainty manifests as a fundamental noise source, limiting the measurement of the quadrature observables used for detection. We use vacuum squeezing to circumvent the quantum limit in a search for a new particle. By preparing a microwave-frequency electromagnetic field in a squeezed state and near-noiselessly reading out only the squeezed quadrature, we double the search rate for axions over a mass range favored by recent theoretical projections. We observe no signature of dark matter axions in the combined $16.96-17.12$ and $17.14-17.28\space\mu\text{eV}/c^2$ mass window for axion-photon couplings above $g_{\gamma} = 1.38\times g_{\gamma}^\text{KSVZ}$, reporting exclusion at the 90% level., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures

Published
2020
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48. Measuring Mars Atmospheric Winds From Orbit

Author

Baker, Scott Guzewich J. B. Abshire. M. M., Battalio, J. M., Bertrand, T., Brown, A. J., Colaprete, A., Cook, A. M., Cremons, D. R., Crismani, M. M., Dave, A. I., Day, M., Desjean, M. -C., Elrod, M., Fenton, L. K., Fisher, J., Gordley, L. L., Hayne, P. O., Heavens, N. G., Hollingsworth, J. L., Jha, D., Jha, V., Kahre, M. A., Khayat, A. SJ., Kling, A. M., Lewis, S. R., Marshall, B. T., Martínez, G., Montabone, L., Mischna, M. A., Newman, C. E., Pankine, A., Riris, H., Shirley, J., Smith, M. D., Spiga, A., Sun, X., Tamppari, L. K., Young, R. M. B., Viúdez-Moreiras, D., Villaneuva, G. L., Wolff, M. J., and Wilson, R. J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Wind is the process that connects Mars' climate system. Measurements of Mars atmospheric winds from orbit would dramatically advance our understanding of Mars and help prepare for human exploration of the Red Planet. Multiple instrument candidates are in development and will be ready for flight in the next decade. We urge the Decadal Survey to make these measurements a priority for 2023-2032., Comment: A White Paper submitted to the Planetary Science and Astrobiology Decadal Survey 2023-2032

Published
2020

49. Dark-field signal extraction in propagation-based phase-contrast imaging

Author

Gureyev, T. E., Paganin, D. M., Arhatari, B., Taba, S. T., Lewis, S., Brennan, P. C., and Quiney, H. M.

Subjects
Physics - Medical Physics, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Physics - Optics
Abstract

A method for extracting the dark-field signal in propagation-based phase-contrast imaging is proposed. In the case of objects consisting predominantly of a single material, or several different materials with similar ratios of the real decrement to the imaginary part of the complex refractive index, the proposed method requires a single image for extraction of the dark-field signal in two-dimensional projection imaging. In the case of three-dimensional tomographic imaging, the method needs only one image to be collected at each projection angle. A preliminary example demonstrates that this method can improve the visualization of microcalcifications in propagation-based X-ray breast cancer imaging. It is suggested that the proposed approach may be useful in other forms of biomedical imaging, where it can help one to obtain additional small-angle scattering information without increasing the radiation dose to the sample.

Published
2020
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50. An improved analysis framework for axion dark matter searches

Author

Palken, D. A., Brubaker, B. M., Malnou, M., Kenany, S. Al, Backes, K. M., Cahn, S. B., Gurevich, Y. V., Lamoreaux, S. K., Lewis, S. M., Maruyama, R. H., Rapidis, N. M., Root, J. R., Simanovskaia, M., Shokair, T. M., Singh, Sukhman, Speller, D. H., Urdinaran, I., van Bibber, K., Zhong, L., and Lehnert, K. W.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Abstract

In experiments searching for axionic dark matter, the use of the standard threshold-based data analysis discards valuable information. We present a Bayesian analysis framework that builds on an existing processing protocol to extract more information from the data of coherent axion detectors such as operating haloscopes. The analysis avoids logical subtleties that accompany the standard analysis framework and enables greater experimental flexibility on future data runs. Performing this analysis on the existing data from the HAYSTAC experiment, we find improved constraints on the axion-photon coupling $g_\gamma$ while also identifying the most promising regions of parameter space within the $23.15$--$24.0$ $\mu$eV mass range. A comparison with the standard threshold analysis suggests a $36\%$ improvement in scan rate from our analysis, demonstrating the utility of this framework for future axion haloscope analyses., Comment: 22 pages, 5 figures

Published
2020
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