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2. Coevolutionary patterns caused by prey selection

Author

Araujo, Sabrina B. L., Borges, Marcelo Eduardo, von Hartenthal, Francisco W., Jorge, Leonardo R., Lewinsohn, Thomas M., Guimaraes Jr., Paulo R., and van Baalen, Minus

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution
Abstract

Many theoretical models have been formulated to better understand the coevolutionary patterns that emerge from antagonistic interactions. These models usually assume that the attacks by the exploiters are random, so the effect of victim selection by exploiters on coevolutionary patterns remains unexplored. Here we analytically studied the payoff for predators and prey under coevolution assuming that every individual predator can attack only a small number of prey any given time, considering two scenarios: (i) predation occurs at random; (ii) predators select prey according to phenotype matching. We also develop an individual based model to verify the robustness of our analytical prediction. We show that both scenarios result in well known similar coevolutionary patterns if population sizes are sufficiently high: symmetrical coevolutionary branching and symmetrical coevolutionary cycling (Red Queen dynamics). However, for small population sizes, prey selection can cause unexpected coevolutionary patterns. One is the breaking of symmetry of the coevolutionary pattern, where the phenotypes evolve towards one of two evolutionarily stable patterns. As population size increases, the phenotypes oscillate between these two values in a novel form of Red Queen dynamics, the episodic reversal between the two stable patterns. Thus, prey selection causes prey phenotypes to evolve towards more extreme values, which reduces the fitness of both predators and prey, increasing the likelihood of extinction.

Published
2018
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11. Conservation in Brazil needs to include non-forest ecosystems

Author

Overbeck, Gerhard E., Vélez-Martin, Eduardo, Scarano, Fabio R., Lewinsohn, Thomas M., Fonseca, Carlos R., Meyer, Sebastian T., Müller, Sandra C., Ceotto, Paula, Dadalt, Letícia, Durigan, Giselda, Ganade, Gislene, Gossner, Martin M., Guadagnin, Demetrio L., Lorenzen, Katrin, Jacobi, Claudia M., Weisser, Wolfgang W., and Pillar, Valério D.

Published
2015

14. Ecological literacy and beyond: Problem-based learning for future professionals

Author

Lewinsohn, Thomas M., Attayde, José Luiz, Fonseca, Carlos Roberto, Ganade, Gislene, Jorge, Leonardo Ré, Kollmann, Johannes, Overbeck, Gerhard E., Prado, Paulo Inácio, Pillar, Valério D., Popp, Daniela, da Rocha, Pedro L. B., Silva, Wesley Rodrigues, Spiekermann, Annette, and Weisser, Wolfgang W.

Published
2015

25. Respondents to survey from Insect decline in Brazil: an appraisal of current evidence

Author

Lewinsohn, Thomas M., Agostini, Kayna, Lucci Freitas, André Victor, and Melo, Adriano S.

Abstract

Recent reviews of data on worldwide insect decline include almost no information on Brazil. We gathered evidence from the literature searches and a survey sent to researchers, to which 96 replied and 56 provided information and publications. We present 75 instances of trends recorded over an average span of 11 years for aquatic and 22 years for terrestrial insects. These include time-replicated samples and expert opinion based on long-term local collections. Most terrestrial data are for butterflies, bees and scarab beetles. Aquatic studies include several insect orders, usually sorted to genus or family. Terrestrial insects showed significantly more cases of declines than increases, both in abundance (17 : 3) and in diversity (11 : 1). In aquatic cases, no tendency was detected in abundance (2 : 2) or diversity (3 : 4), not counting cases with no trend. Differences of these results among habitats may be due to the shorter span and less change in environmental conditions in the aquatic surveys, which included sites already degraded before sampling. We offer guidelines for future long-term assessments, including resampling of legacy collection sites.

Published
2022
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27. Brazilian Law: Full Speed in Reverse?

Author

METZGER, JEAN PAUL, LEWINSOHN, THOMAS M., JOLY, CARLOS A., VERDADE, LUCIANO M., MARTINELLI, LUIZ ANTONIO, and RODRIGUES, RICARDO R.

Published
2010

28. Symposium 6: Mutualistic Networks

Author

Bascompte, Jordi, Aizen, Marcelo, Fontaine, Colin, Fortuna, Miguel A., Jordano, Pedro, Lewinsohn, Thomas M., Memmott, Jane, Olesen, Jens M., Petanidou, Theodora, Rico-Gray, Victor, and Thompson, John N.

Published
2010

43. Land-use intensification causes multitrophic homogenization of grassland communities

Author

Gossner, Martin M., Lewinsohn, Thomas M., Kahl, Tiemo, Grassein, Fabrice, Boch, Steffen, Prati, Daniel, Birkhofer, Klaus, Renner, Swen C., Sikorski, Johannes, Wubet, Tesfaye, Arndt, Hartmut, Baumgartner, Vanessa, Blaser, Stefan, Blthgen, Nico, Brschig, Carmen, Buscot, Francois, Diektter, Tim, Jorge, Leonardo R, Jung, Kirsten, Keyel, Alexander C., Klein, Alexandra-Maria, Klemmer, Sandra, Krauss, Jochen, Lange, Markus, Mller, Jrg, Overmann, Jrg, Paali, Esther, Penone, Caterina, Perovi, David J., Purschke, Oliver, Schall, Peter, Socher, Stephanie A., Sonnemann, Ilja, Tschapka, Marco, Tscharntke, Teja, Trke, Manfred, Venter, Paul Christiaan, Weiner, Christiane N., Werner, Michael, Wolters, Volkmar, Wurst, Susanne, Westphal, Catrin, Fischer, Markus, Weisser, Wolfgang W., and Allan, Eric

Subjects
Ecological research, Human-environment interactions -- Research, Land use -- Environmental aspects, Grasslands -- Environmental aspects, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): Martin M. Gossner (corresponding author) [1, 2, 3]; Thomas M. Lewinsohn [1, 4]; Tiemo Kahl [5, 6]; Fabrice Grassein [7]; Steffen Boch [7]; Daniel Prati [6]; Klaus Birkhofer [8, [...]

Published
2016
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45. On the Perils of Ignoring Evolution in Networks

Author

Segar, Simon T., primary, Fayle, Tom M., additional, Srivastava, Diane S., additional, Lewinsohn, Thomas M., additional, Lewis, Owen T., additional, Novotny, Vojtech, additional, Kitching, Roger L., additional, and Maunsell, Sarah C., additional

Published
2020
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48. Towards an applied metaecology

Author

Schiesari, Luis, Matias, Miguel G., Prado, Paulo Inacio, Leibold, Mathew A., Albert, Cecile H., Howeth, Jennifer G., Leroux, Shawn J., Pardini, Renata, Siqueira, Tadeu, Brancalion, Pedro H. S., Cabeza, Mar, Coutinho, Renato Mendes, Felizola Diniz-Filho, Jose Alexandre, Fournier, Bertrand, Lahr, Daniel J. G., Lewinsohn, Thomas M., Martins, Ayana, Morsello, Carla, Peres-Neto, Pedro R., Pillar, Valerio D., Vazquez, Diego P., Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), National Science Foundation (US), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Academy of Finland, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Global Change and Conservation Lab, Mar Cabeza-Jaimejuan / Principal Investigator, Biosciences, and Arctic Microbial Ecology

Subjects
METACOMMUNITIES, META-ECOSYSTEMS, Ecology, Metaecosystem, CONSERVATION, Conservation, Metacommunity, DISPERSAL, CONNECTIVITY, Applied ecology, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, PATTERNS, STREAMS, BIODIVERSITY, Metapopulation, SCALE, RESTORATION
Abstract

The complexity of ecological systems is a major challenge for practitioners and decision-makers who work to avoid, mitigate and manage environmental change. Here, we illustrate how metaecology – the study of spatial interdependencies among ecological systems through fluxes of organisms, energy, and matter – can enhance understanding and improve managing environmental change at multiple spatial scales. We present several case studies illustrating how the framework has leveraged decision-making in conservation, restoration and risk management. Nevertheless, an explicit incorporation of metaecology is still uncommon in the applied ecology literature, and in action guidelines addressing environmental change. This is unfortunate because the many facets of environmental change can be framed as modifying spatial context, connectedness and dominant regulating processes - the defining features of metaecological systems. Narrowing the gap between theory and practice will require incorporating system-specific realism in otherwise predominantly conceptual studies, as well as deliberately studying scenarios of environmental change. We thank FAPESP (grants 2014/10470-7 to AM, 2013/04585-3 to DL, 2013/50424-1 to TS and 2015/18790-3to LS), CNPq (Productivity Fellowships 301656/2011-8 to JAFDF,308205/2014-6 to RP, 306183/2014-5 to PIP and 307689/2014-0 to VDP), the National Science Foundation (DEB 1645137 toJGH), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada (SJL,PPN), and the Academy of Finland (grants 257686 and 292765 toMC) for support. This work contributes to the Labex OT-Med (no.ANR-11-LABX-0061), funded by the French government throughthe A*MIDEX project (no. ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02).

Published
2019

49. Towards an applied metaecology

Author

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), National Science Foundation (US), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Academy of Finland, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Schiesari, L., Matias, Miguel G., Prado, Paulo I., Leibold, Mathew A., Albert, Cécile H., Howeth, Jennifer G., Leroux, Shawn, Pardini, Renata, Siqueira, Tadeu, Brancalion, Pedro H. S., Cabeza, Mar, Mendes Coutinho, Renato, Felizola Diniz-Filho, José Alexandre, Fournier, Bertrand, Lahr, Daniel J.G., Lewinsohn, Thomas M., Martins, Ayana, Morsello, Carla, Peres-Neto, Pedro R., Pillar, Valério D., Vázquez, Diego P., Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), National Science Foundation (US), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Academy of Finland, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Schiesari, L., Matias, Miguel G., Prado, Paulo I., Leibold, Mathew A., Albert, Cécile H., Howeth, Jennifer G., Leroux, Shawn, Pardini, Renata, Siqueira, Tadeu, Brancalion, Pedro H. S., Cabeza, Mar, Mendes Coutinho, Renato, Felizola Diniz-Filho, José Alexandre, Fournier, Bertrand, Lahr, Daniel J.G., Lewinsohn, Thomas M., Martins, Ayana, Morsello, Carla, Peres-Neto, Pedro R., Pillar, Valério D., and Vázquez, Diego P.

Abstract

The complexity of ecological systems is a major challenge for practitioners and decision-makers who work to avoid, mitigate and manage environmental change. Here, we illustrate how metaecology – the study of spatial interdependencies among ecological systems through fluxes of organisms, energy, and matter – can enhance understanding and improve managing environmental change at multiple spatial scales. We present several case studies illustrating how the framework has leveraged decision-making in conservation, restoration and risk management. Nevertheless, an explicit incorporation of metaecology is still uncommon in the applied ecology literature, and in action guidelines addressing environmental change. This is unfortunate because the many facets of environmental change can be framed as modifying spatial context, connectedness and dominant regulating processes - the defining features of metaecological systems. Narrowing the gap between theory and practice will require incorporating system-specific realism in otherwise predominantly conceptual studies, as well as deliberately studying scenarios of environmental change.

Published
2019

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