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3. Assessment of long‐term outcomes post living liver donation highlights the importance of scientific integrity when presenting transplant registry data

Author

Emamaullee, Juliet, Heimbach, Julie K, Olthoff, Kim M, Pomfret, Elizabeth A, Roberts, John P, Selzner, Nazia, Testa, G, Gupta, A, Lee, S, Hashimoto, K, Kwon, D, Emond, J, Griesemer, A, Fox, A, Kaplan, A, Samstein, B, Halazun, K, Brown, R, Kubal, A, Gilroy, R, Davalos, M Rodriguez‐, King, E, Heimbach, J, Watt, K, Florman, S, Schiano, T, Caicedo, J, Dietch, Z, Ganger, D, Kirchner, V, Anderson, B, Shapiro, J, Roberts, J, Pillai, A, Maluf, D, Martins, PN, Sonnenday, C, Chinnakotla, S, Olthoff, K, Bittermann, T, Abt, P, Humar, A, Ganesh, S, Hernandez‐Alejandro, R, Tomiyama, K, Levstik, M, Emamaullee, J, Kaur, N, Genyk, Y, Klair, T, Yamaguchi, S, Baker, T, Kim, R, Goldaracena, N, Bambha, K, Biggins, S, Sturdevant, M, Garonzik‐Wang, J, Al‐Adra, D, Shingina, A, Alexopoulos, S, Mulligan, D, Emre, S, Liapakis, A, Rubman, S, Batra, R, Taner, T, Melcher, M, DiSabato, D, Pomfret, E, Jackson, W, Han, H, and Montenovo, M

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Immunology, Organ Transplantation, Digestive Diseases, Transplantation, Clinical Research, Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis, Rare Diseases, Liver Disease, Humans, Liver, Liver Transplantation, Living Donors, Registries, Transplants, living donation, living donor liver transplantation, NALLDIG Consortium*, Medical and Health Sciences, Surgery, Clinical sciences
Abstract

Living donor liver transplantation has expanded in recent years, particularly in North America. As experience with this procedure has matured over the last 25 years, centers are increasingly faced with potential living donors who are more medically complex. As donors move through the evaluation process, completing the informed consent process continues to be challenged by a paucity of granular data demonstrating long-term outcomes and overall safety specifically in the otherwise "healthy" living liver donor population. Two recently published studies examined long-term outcomes post-living liver donation using Korean registry data and reported similar results, with excellent overall survival when compared to appropriately matched controls. However, the authors of these studies were presented differently, with one reporting an alarmist view based on one aspect of a suboptimal analysis approach using an inappropriate comparator group. Herein, the North American Living Liver Donor Innovation Group (NALLDIG) consortium discusses these two studies and their potential impact on living liver donation in North America, ultimately highlighting the importance of scientific integrity in data presentation and dissemination when using transplant registry data.

Published
2022

5. Enhanced recovery for liver transplantation: recommendations from the 2022 International Liver Transplantation Society consensus conference

Author

Mayr, Andreas, Dominguez, Beatriz, Muller, Elmi, Rando, Karina, Enoch, Mary Anne, Tamir, Noam, Healy, Pamela, Manser, Tanja, Briggs, Tim, Chaudhary, Abhideep, Humar, Abhinav, Jafarian, Ali, Soin, Arvinder Singh, Eghtesad, Bijan, Miller, Charles, Cherqui, Daniel, Samuel, Didier, Broering, Dieter, Pomfret, Elizabeth, Villamil, Federico, Durand, Francois, Berlakovich, Gabriela, McCaughan, Geoffrey, Auzinger, Georg, Testa, Giuliano, Klintmalm, Goran, Belghiti, Jacques, Findlay, James, Lai, Jennifer, Fung, John, Klinck, John, Roberts, John, Liu, Linda, Cattral, Mark, Ghobrial, Mark, Selzner, Markus, Ramsay, Michael, Rela, Mohamed, Ascher, Nancy, Man, Nancy Kwan, Selzner, Nazia, Burra, Patrizia, Friend, Peter, Busuttil, Ronald, Hwang, Shin, McCluskey, Stuart, Mas, Valeria, Vohra, Vijay, Vij, Vivek, Merritt, William, Tokat, Yaman, Kang, Yoogoo, Chan, Albert, Mazzola, Alessandra, Hessheimer, Amelia, Rammohan, Ashwin, Hogan, Brian, Vinaixa, Carmen, Nasralla, David, Victor, David, De Martin, Eleonora, Alconchel, Felipe, Roll, Garrett, Kabacam, Gokhan, Sapisochin, Gonzalo, Campos-Varela, Isabel, Liu, Jiang, Patel, Madhukar S., Izzy, Manhal, Kalisvaart, Marit, Adams, Megan, Goldaracena, Nicholas, Tinguely, Pascale, Hernandez-Alejandro, Roberto, Chadha, Ryan, Shaker, Tamer Mahmoud, Klair, Tarunjeet S., Pan, Terry, Tanaka, Tomohiro, Yoon, Uzung, Kirchner, Varvara, Hannon, Vivienne, Cheah, Yee Lee, Frola, Carlo, Morkane, Clare, Milliken, Don, Lurje, Georg, Potts, Jonathan, Fernandez, Thomas, Badenoch, Adam, Mukhtar, Ahmed, Zanetto, Alberto, Montano-Loza, Aldo, Chieh, Alfred Kow Wei, Shetty, Amol, DeWolf, Andre, Olmos, Andrea, Mrzljak, Anna, Blasi, Annabel, Berzigotti, Annalisa, Malik, Ashish, Rajakumar, Akila, Davidson, Brian, O'Farrell, Bryan, Kotton, Camille, Imber, Charles, Kwon, Choon Hyuck David, Wray, Christopher, Ahn, Chul-Soo, Krenn, Claus, Quintini, Cristiano, Maluf, Daniel, Mina, Daniel Santa, Sellers, Daniel, Balci, Deniz, Patel, Dhupal, Rudow, Dianne LaPointe, Monbaliu, Diethard, Bezinover, Dmitri, Krzanicki, Dominik, Kim, Dong-Sik, Brombosz, Elizabeth, Blumberg, Emily, Weiss, Emmanuel, Wey, Emmanuel, Kaldas, Fady, Saliba, Faouzi, Pittau, Gabriella, Wagener, Gebhard, Song, Gi-Won, Biancofiore, Gianni, Crespo, Gonzalo, Rodríguez, Gonzalo, Palli, Graciela Martinez, McKenna, Gregory, Petrowsky, Henrik, Egawa, Hiroto, Montasser, Iman, Pirenne, Jacques, Eason, James, Guarrera, James, Pomposelli, James, Lerut, Jan, Emond, Jean, Boehly, Jennifer, Towey, Jennifer, Hillingsø, Jens G, de Jonge, Jeroen, Caicedo, Juan, Heimbach, Julie, Emamaullee, Juliet Ann, Bartoszko, Justyna, Ma, Ka Wing, Kronish, Kate, Forkin, Katherine T., Chok, Kenneth Siu Ho, Olthoff, Kim, Reyntjens, Koen, Lee, Kwang-Woong, Suh, Kyung-Suk, Denehy, Linda, van der Laan, Luc J.W., McCormack, Lucas, Gorvin, Lucy, Ruffolo, Luis, Bhat, Mamatha, Ramírez, María Amalia Matamoros, Londoño, Maria-Carlota, Gitman, Marina, Levstik, Mark, de Santibañes, Martin, Lindsay, Martine, Parotto, Matteo, Armstrong, Matthew, Kasahara, Mureo, Schofield, Nick, Rizkalla, Nicole, Akamatsu, Nobuhisa, Scatton, Olivier, Keskin, Onur, Imventarza, Oscar, Andacoglu, Oya, Muiesan, Paolo, Giorgio, Patricia, Northup, Patrick, Matins, Paulo, Abt, Peter, Newsome, Philip N, Dutkowski, Philipp, Bhangui, Pooja, Bhangui, Prashant, Tandon, Puneeta, Brustia, Raffaele, Planinsic, Raymond, Brown, Robert, Porte, Robert, Barth, Rolf, Ciria, Rubén, Florman, Sander, Dharancy, Sebastien, Pai, Sher-Lu, Yagi, Shintaro, Nadalin, Silvio, Chinnakotla, Srinath, Forbes, Stuart J, Rahman, Suehana, Hong, Suk Kyun, Liying, Sun, Orloff, Susan, Rubman, Susan, Eguchi, Susumu, Ikegami, Toru, Reichman, Trevor, Settmacher, Utz, Aluvihare, Varuna, Xia, Victor, Yoon, Young-In, Soejima, Yuji, Genyk, Yuri, Jalal, Arif, Borakati, Aditya, Gustar, Adrian, Mohamed, Ahmed, Ramirez, Alejandro, Rothnie, Alex, Scott, Aneya, Sharma, Anika, Munro, Annalise, Mahay, Arun, Liew, Belle, Hidalgo, Camila, Crouch, Cara, Yan, Cheung Tsz, Tschuor, Christoph, Shaw, Conrad, Schizas, Dimitrios, Fritche, Dominic, Huda, Fabia Ferdousi, Wells, Gemma, Farrer, Giselle, Kwok, Hiu Tat, Kostakis, Ioannis, Mestre-Costa, Joao, Fan, Ka Hay, Fan, Ka Siu, Fraser, Kyra, Jeilani, Lelia, Pang, Li, Lenti, Lorenzo, Kathirvel, Manikandan, Zachiotis, Marinos, Vailas, Michail, Milan, Michele Mazza, Elnagar, Mohamed, Alradhawi, Mohammad, Dimitrokallis, Nikolaos, Machairas, Nikolaos, Morare, Nolitha, Yeung, Oscar, Khanal, Pragalva, Satish, Pranav, Ghani, Shahi Abdul, Makhdoom, Shahroo, Arulrajan, Sithhipratha, Bogan, Stephanie, Pericleous, Stephanos, Blakemore, Timon, Otti, Vanessa, Lam, Walter, Jackson, Whitney, Abdi, Zakee, Pollok, Joerg M, Berenguer, Marina, Niemann, Claus U, Raptis, Dimitri A, and Spiro, Michael

Published
2023
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20. Historical Thinking in the Early Years: The Power of Image and Narrative

Author

Arias-Ferrer, Laura, Egea-Vivancos, Alejandro, Levstik, Linda S., Renck Jalongo, Mary, Series Editor, Isenberg, Joan P., Series Editor, Siu, Kin Wai Michael, Series Editor, Andrews, Dr. Paul, Editorial Board Member, Boyer, Dr. Wanda, Editorial Board Member, Brendefur, Dr. Jonathan, Editorial Board Member, Caldarella, Dr. Paul, Editorial Board Member, Conrad Barnyak, Dr. Natalie K., Editorial Board Member, Ebbeck, Dr. Marjory, Editorial Board Member, Kennedy, Dr. Adam S., Editorial Board Member, Kirnan, Dr. Jean, Editorial Board Member, Lanigan, Dr. Jane D., Editorial Board Member, Narey, Dr. Marilyn J., Editorial Board Member, Pattnaik, Dr. Jyotsna, Editorial Board Member, Reutzel, Dr. D. Ray, Editorial Board Member, Swiniarski, Dr. Louise, Editorial Board Member, Szente, Dr. Judit, Editorial Board Member, Wasik, Dr. Barbara, Editorial Board Member, Kerry-Moran, Kelli Jo, editor, and Aerila, Juli-Anna, editor

Published
2019
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24. High-Temperature Dielectric Response of (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3: Does Burns Temperature Exist in Ferroelectric Relaxors?

Author

Bobnar, Vid, Filipic, Cene, Levstik, Adrijan, and Kutnjak, Zdravko

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

It has been considered that polar nanoregions in relaxors form at Burns temperature Td approx 600 K. High-temperature dielectric investigations of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN) and 0.7PMN-0.3PbTiO3 reveal, however, that the dielectric dispersion around 600 K appears due to the surface-layer contributions. The intrinsic response, analyzed in terms of the universal scaling, imply much higher Td or formation of polar nanoregions in a broad temperature range, while high dielectric constants manifest that polar order exists already at the highest measured temperatures of 800 K. The obtained critical exponents indicate critical behavior associated with universality classes typically found in spin glasses.

Published
2010
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25. The Well at the Bottom of the World: Positionality and New Zealand [Aotearoa] Adolescents' Conceptions of Historical Significance.

Author

Levstik, Linda S.

Abstract

A study investigated early adolescent Maori, Pacific Islander, and European New Zealanders' understanding of significance in New Zealand (Aotearoa) history through open-ended interviews with 49 11-13-year-old students. Participants understood history to have a dual purpose. First, history linked them to various national, racial, and ethnic heritages and second, it provided a window on the rest of the world. A framework of significance (fairness, coexistence, and instances where New Zealand served as a positive example to other nations) connected bits and pieces of the past into a somewhat cohesive whole, but the connections were tenuous. At the point at which these students were interviewed, their grasp of history was too insubstantial to support in-depth inquiry into the complexities of their own society or of its geoposition, though the latter was an important feature of their discussions of historical significance. Findings suggest that students' perceptions of their global and national position frame how they think and learn, and how they assign significance to what they learn just as surely as do the more "local" elements of race, class, gender, and ethnicity (among other things). Includes 13 notes; contains 35 references and four appendixes: a list of materials used in interview task; interview protocol; students interviewed; and interview responses by gender. (Author/BT)

Published
1999

26. Can we reduce ischemic cholangiopathy rates in donation after cardiac death liver transplantation after 10 years of practice? Canadian single-centre experience

Author

Tun-Abraham, Mauro Enrique, Wanis, Kerollos N., Garcia-Ochoa, Carlos, Sela, Nathalie, Sharma, Hemant, Hasan, Ibrahim Al, Quan, Douglas, Judaibi, Bandar Al-, Levstik, Mark, and Hernandez-Alejandro, Roberto

Subjects
International Business Machines Corp., Computer industry -- Analysis, Liver transplantation -- Analysis, Gifts -- Evaluation -- Analysis, Heart -- Analysis, Tissue donation -- Analysis, Organ transplant recipients -- Analysis, Purchasing, Death, Organ transplantation, Jewelry, Surgery, Ischemia, Brain death, Computer industry, Microcomputer industry, Health, Health care industry
Abstract

Background: Outcomes in liver transplantation with organs obtained via donation after cardiocirculatory death (DCD) have been suboptimal compared to donation after brain death, attributed mainly to the high incidence of ischemic cholangiopathy (IC). We evaluated the effect of a 10-year learning curve on IC rates among DCD liver graft recipients at a single centre.Methods: We analyzed all DCD liver transplantation procedures from July 2006 to July 2016. Patients were grouped into early (July 2006 to June 2011) and late (July 2011 to July 2016) eras. Those with less than 6 months of follow-up were excluded. Primary outcomes were IC incidence and IC-free survival rate.Results: Among the 73 DCD liver transplantation procedures performed, 70 recipients fulfilled the selection criteria, 32 in the early era and 38 in the late era. Biliary complications were diagnosed in 19 recipients (27%). Ischemic cholangiopathy was observed in 8 patients (25%) in the early era and 1 patient (3%) in the late era (p = 0.005). The IC-free survival rate was higher in the late era than the early era (98% v. 79%, p = 0.01). The warm ischemia time (27 v. 24 min, p = 0.049) and functional warm ischemia time (21 v. 17 min, p = 0.002) were significantly lower in the late era than the early era.Conclusion: We found a significant reduction in IC rates and improvement in IC-free survival among DCD liver transplantation recipients after a learning curve period that was marked by more judicious donor selection with shorter procurement times.Contexte : L'issue des greffes de foie suite a un don d'organe apres deces cardiocirculatoire (DDC) a ete sous-optimale comparativement aux dons suivant la mort cerebrale. Cela serait surtout attribuable a une forte incidence de cholangiopathie ischemique (CI). Nous avons evalue l'effet d'une courbe d'apprentissage echelonnee sur 10 ans sur les taux de CI chez des receveurs de greffe de foie apres DDC dans un seul centre.Methodes : Nous avons analyse toutes les greffes de foie consecutives a des DDC entre juillet 2006 et juillet 2016. Les patients ont ete regroupes en 2 epoques, la premiere, de juillet 2006 a juin 2011, et la seconde, de juillet 2011 a juillet 2016. Ceux pour lesquels on disposait de moins de 6 mois de suivi ont ete exclus. Les parametres principaux etaient l'incidence de CI et le taux de survie sans CI.Resultats : Parmi les 73 greffes de foie par suite de DDC, 70 receveurs repondaient aux criteres de selection, 32 pour la premiere epoque et 38 pour la seconde epoque. Des complications biliaires ont ete diagnostiquees chez 19 receveurs (27%). La cholangiopathie ischemique a ete observee chez 8 patients (25%) de la premiere epoque et 1 patient (3%) de la seconde (p = 0,005). Le taux de survie sans CI a ete plus eleve pendant la seconde epoque que pendant la premiere (98% c. 79%, p = 0,01). Le temps d'ischemie chaude (27 minutes c. 24, p = 0,049) et le temps d'ischemie chaude fonctionnelle (21 minutes c. 17, p = 0,002) ont ete significativement plus courts durant la seconde epoque que durant la premiere.Conclusion : Nous avons observe une reduction significative des taux de CI et une amelioration de la survie sans CI chez les receveurs de greffes de foie par DDC apres une courbe d'apprentissage qui a ete marquee par une selection plus judicieuse des donneurs et des delais d'obtention plus courts., Recommended strategies to expand the donor pool in liver transplantation and decrease waiting list mortality include using extended-criteria donors and living donation. Encompassed among extended-criteria donors is donation after cardiocirculatory [...]

Published
2019
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27. Middle Graders' Explanations of Historical Significance.

Author

Barton, Keith C. and Levstik, Linda S.

Abstract

This study investigates middle graders' understanding of significance in United States history through open-ended interviews with 48 students in grades 5-8. Students were presented with a set of captioned historical pictures and asked to choose the one important enough to include on a timeline of the last five hundred years, and to explain their choices. Students' choices focused primarily on the origin and development of the political and social structure of the United States, and their explanations pointed to steadily expanding rights and opportunities as a central theme in U.S. history. At the same time, students had difficulty incorporating some historical patterns and events into their image of progress, and their discussion of these issues indicated a familiarity with a"vernacular" view of history separate from "official" views justifying the contemporary social structure. This study suggests that students need experience with the complexities of the past within a context that provides some framework for making critical sense of both legitimating stories and alternative, vernacular histories. The paper suggests one way to help students build such a framework is by letting them grapple with exactly those issues--race, gender, and class, for example--that have not been so thoroughly digested that their meaning is firmly established in the historical canon. (Contains 36 references.) (Author/EH)

Published
1997

28. 'Back When God Was Around and Everything': Elementary Children's Understanding of Historical Time.

Author

Barton, Keith C. and Levstik, Linda S.

Abstract

In order to investigate elementary school students' understanding of historical time, this study conducted open-ended interviews with 58 children in kindergarten through sixth grade. The students were asked to place nine illustrations from various periods of American history in chronological order and to talk about the reasoning behind the order they chose. The paintings and photographs consisted of scenes broadly representative of a particular era, such as the colonial period, the 1920s, or the 1960s. The study found that even the youngest children made some basic distinctions in historical time and that those distinctions became increasingly differentiated with age. Dates, however, had little meaning for children before third grade; and although third- and fourth-graders understood the numerical basis of dates, only by fifth grade did students extensively connect particular dates with specific background knowledge. At all ages, children's placement of most pictures revealed substantial agreement with each other and with the correct order. Two appendixes contain copies of the illustrations used in the study and the interview protocol. (MDM)

Published
1994

29. They Still Use Some of Their Past: Historical Salience in Elementary Children's Chronological Thinking.

Author

Levstik, Linda S. and Barton, Keith C.

Abstract

This paper reports on a study that represents a new approach to understanding early and middle grade children's development of historical time awareness. The study sought to embed children's time awareness in a sociocultural framework, and to move beyond linguistic symbol systems to incorporate visual data sources. The researchers began with three assumptions: (1) people make sense of and to one another to the extent that they share ways of making meanings; (2) people from different communities tend to have different ways of making meaning so that historians, as a community, tend to make sense out of historical data differently than physicists might; and (3) if educators are to communicate with children about history, they need to understand children's sense making in this area. The paper argues, in conclusion, that history, especially for children, is not a single domain. Rather, history is made up of intersecting domains, each marked by semiotic practices that provide the context against which, history, whether written, oral, or visual, is recognizable and meaningful. In order to better understand children's thinking about time specific historical material, the study drew on a cross disciplinary framework, relating social semiotics, film, and media theory to the small body of work on children's historical/chronological thinking already extant. An appendix of nine historical photographs, and an appendix outlining interview protocol conclude the paper. (Contains 42 references.) (Author/DK)

Published
1994

30. Rimski steber z rdeče barvanim ometom iz Emone

Author

Andreja Maver, Bernarda Županek, Maja Gutman Levstik, Dragomir Skaberne, and Sabina Dolenec

Subjects
ljubljana, emona, poznorimsko obdobje, steber, lesena arhitektura, odtisi trstičja, podpeški apnenec, omet, pigmenti, Ancient history, D51-90
Abstract

Arheološka izkopavanja, ki so leta 1999 potekala v Ljubljani, v inzuli XXVII Emone, so odkrila ostanek trupa stebra z organskim jedrom, postavljenega na kamnito plinto. V prispevku predstavljamo najdbo, njen arheološki kontekst in morebitne analogije, mineraloško-petrografsko sestavo ometa, tip pigmenta ter analizo naravnega kamna, uporabljenega za plinto. Od trupa stebra je ostal le zunanji del iz ometa, nanesenega v štirih plasteh in barvanega z rdečo okro, v notranjosti pa se je ohranil odtis trstičja. Plinta je pravokotni blok, narejen iz lokalnega spodnjejurskega oolitskega apnenca, verjetno z območja Podpeči. Oblika stebra kaže, da bi bil lahko del portika ali peristila, arheološki kontekst pa nakazuje povezavo z bazenom oz. kopališčnim kompleksom v tem delu poznorimske Emone.

Published
2020
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31. 'I Prefer Success': Subject Specificity in a First Grade

Author

Levstik, Linda S. and Yessin, Ruby

Abstract

Research on restructuring domain-specific knowledge suggests that inferences made by a learner are based more on what and how concepts are structured and organized in particular domains than on the age of the learner. In this view, it is possible for children to operate more expertly in a particular area than could be explained by global stage or the "expanding environment" theories. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how domains are structured and organized in classrooms, and the ways in which children respond to those structures. This paper discusses the nature of history instruction in a nontraditional first grade classroom and is based primarily on classroom observation. The class operates from what the teacher identifies as a "whole language" perspective in which cross-disciplinary thematic units are the focus of instruction. The teacher teaches from what is labeled a "perspective of care." Historical content is specifically structured to emphasize personal response, ways of "finding out," and the development of ethical/moral sensibilities. Among the conclusions drawn are that history, can be shaped to particular forms and structures in the classroom based on the teacher's conception of history, and that even very young children can begin to develop the interest and understanding that lead to mature historical thinking. A list of references is included. (DB)

Published
1990

33. This Issue

Author

Levstik, Linda

Published
2001

34. Outside over There: 'My Book House' Divides the World, 1919-1954

Author

Levstik, Linda S.

Abstract

The rise of mass-marketed literature specifically targeting child readers is a significant if often overlooked piece of a larger historical pattern in which contending cultural groups attempt to control the words and worlds available to different groups within and between societies. The work of Olive Beaupré Miller, author/editor from 1919-1954 of "My Book House for Children," a series of books offering "children's classic literature graded from infancy to secondary school" (Taylor, 1986, p. 85), encapsulates this struggle in the early 20th century in the United States. Shunned by publishing elites for her mass-marketing techniques, Miller nonetheless shared their desire to preserve and pass on a classic Western literary canon. Her mass-marketing techniques, however, breached class boundaries, placing classic literature, along with evolutionary frameworks regarding human development, race, ethnicity and gender, in the homes of working class and immigrant families. Examining these books illuminates some of the challenges of educating for a tolerant, cosmopolitan world for children in a deeply intolerant society, then and now.

Published
2016
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35. Analiza pomena barv pri embalaži za čokolado

Author

Levstik Petrovska, Diana Ina and Bračko, Sabina

Subjects
embalaža za čokolado, packaging for chocolate, barva, packaging, color and taste, embalaža, barva in okus, color
Abstract

Barva predstavlja zaznavanje svetlobe, ki se zgodi v posameznikovih možganih. Obkroža nas povsod, zato ima tudi zelo pomemben vpliv na naš vsakdan. Vsaka barva v nas vzbuja neke občutke, bodisi zavestno bodisi nezavestno. Za oblikovanje embalaže je treba proučiti različne barve in analizirati občutke, ki jih bodo vzbujale v potencialnih kupcih. Zunanjost embalaže naj bi odražala notranjost embalaže. V teoretičnem delu so opisane barve ter njihov psihološki in fiziološki pomen. Barve so opisane tudi kot zelo pomemben element pri oblikovanju embalaže, saj imajo znaten vpliv na potrošnika na embalaži in tudi na podlagi embalaže vplivajo na okus. Na podlagi raziskav so postavljene in utemeljene hipoteze, ki so analizirane v eksperimentalnem delu. Rezultati ankete so pokazali, da imajo barve različen vpliv na vsakega posameznika, kljub temu pa je možno povzeti nekatere splošne ugotovitve. Izmed barv, uporabljenih za oblikovanje lastne barvne palete, so se izkazale za najprimernejše manj nasičene barvne palete. Nasičene barvne palete so vzbujale okus grenkosti. Za mlečno čokolado so se odtenki rdeče in roza barve izkazali kot ustrezni. V zadnjem delu ankete so prikazane asociacije različnih barvnih palet že obstoječih blagovnih znamk. Izkazalo se je, da so anketiranci razmeroma dobro povezali barve embalaže z določenim okusom čokolade. Color is perception of the light that occurs in every individuals brain. It surrounds us everywhere and it has an important influence on our everyday life. Each color evokes certain feelings in us either consciously or unconsciously. For package designing we have to study different colors and analyze the feelings they will evoke in potential buyers. The outside of the packaging has to reflect the inside of the packaging. The theoretical part describes colors and their psyhological and physiological significance. Colors are also described as one of the most important elements in the packaging deaign because they have a significant impact on the consumer. Colors also influence the taste based on the packaging.On the basis of the research hypotheses were established and sustained. They were analyzed in the experimental part. The results of the survey showeed that colors have a different effect on each individual but it is still possible to summarize some general conclusions. Among the colors used to create our own color palettes the less saturated color palletes proved to be the most suitable. Saturated color palletes evoked the taste of bitterness. For milk chocholate shades of red and pink turned out to be appropriate. The last part of the survey shows associations of differnet color palettes of already existing brands. It turned out that the respondents associated the colors of the packaging with a certain flavor relatively well.

Published
2023

37. Optimizing associated liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy outcomes: Surgical experience or appropriate patient selection?

Author

Al Hasan, Ibrahim, Tun-Abraham, Mauro Enrique, Wanis, Kerollos N., Garcia-Ochoa, Carlos, Levstik, Mark A., Al-Judaibi, Bandar, and Hernandez-Alejandro, Roberto

Subjects
Digestive system surgery -- Patient outcomes, Liver diseases -- Care and treatment, Health, Health care industry
Abstract

Background: Early reports of associated liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) outcomes have been suboptimal. The literature has confirmed that learning curves influence surgical outcomes. We [...]

Published
2017
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38. Enhanced recovery for liver transplantation: recommendations from the 2022 International Liver Transplantation Society consensus conference

Author

Pollok, Joerg M, primary, Tinguely, Pascale, additional, Berenguer, Marina, additional, Niemann, Claus U, additional, Raptis, Dimitri A, additional, Spiro, Michael, additional, Mayr, Andreas, additional, Dominguez, Beatriz, additional, Muller, Elmi, additional, Rando, Karina, additional, Enoch, Mary Anne, additional, Tamir, Noam, additional, Healy, Pamela, additional, Manser, Tanja, additional, Briggs, Tim, additional, Chaudhary, Abhideep, additional, Humar, Abhinav, additional, Jafarian, Ali, additional, Soin, Arvinder Singh, additional, Eghtesad, Bijan, additional, Miller, Charles, additional, Cherqui, Daniel, additional, Samuel, Didier, additional, Broering, Dieter, additional, Pomfret, Elizabeth, additional, Villamil, Federico, additional, Durand, Francois, additional, Berlakovich, Gabriela, additional, McCaughan, Geoffrey, additional, Auzinger, Georg, additional, Testa, Giuliano, additional, Klintmalm, Goran, additional, Belghiti, Jacques, additional, Findlay, James, additional, Lai, Jennifer, additional, Fung, John, additional, Klinck, John, additional, Roberts, John, additional, Liu, Linda, additional, Cattral, Mark, additional, Ghobrial, Mark, additional, Selzner, Markus, additional, Ramsay, Michael, additional, Rela, Mohamed, additional, Ascher, Nancy, additional, Man, Nancy Kwan, additional, Selzner, Nazia, additional, Burra, Patrizia, additional, Friend, Peter, additional, Busuttil, Ronald, additional, Hwang, Shin, additional, McCluskey, Stuart, additional, Mas, Valeria, additional, Vohra, Vijay, additional, Vij, Vivek, additional, Merritt, William, additional, Tokat, Yaman, additional, Kang, Yoogoo, additional, Chan, Albert, additional, Mazzola, Alessandra, additional, Hessheimer, Amelia, additional, Rammohan, Ashwin, additional, Hogan, Brian, additional, Vinaixa, Carmen, additional, Nasralla, David, additional, Victor, David, additional, De Martin, Eleonora, additional, Alconchel, Felipe, additional, Roll, Garrett, additional, Kabacam, Gokhan, additional, Sapisochin, Gonzalo, additional, Campos-Varela, Isabel, additional, Liu, Jiang, additional, Patel, Madhukar S., additional, Izzy, Manhal, additional, Kalisvaart, Marit, additional, Adams, Megan, additional, Goldaracena, Nicholas, additional, Hernandez-Alejandro, Roberto, additional, Chadha, Ryan, additional, Shaker, Tamer Mahmoud, additional, Klair, Tarunjeet S., additional, Pan, Terry, additional, Tanaka, Tomohiro, additional, Yoon, Uzung, additional, Kirchner, Varvara, additional, Hannon, Vivienne, additional, Cheah, Yee Lee, additional, Frola, Carlo, additional, Morkane, Clare, additional, Milliken, Don, additional, Lurje, Georg, additional, Potts, Jonathan, additional, Fernandez, Thomas, additional, Badenoch, Adam, additional, Mukhtar, Ahmed, additional, Zanetto, Alberto, additional, Montano-Loza, Aldo, additional, Chieh, Alfred Kow Wei, additional, Shetty, Amol, additional, DeWolf, Andre, additional, Olmos, Andrea, additional, Mrzljak, Anna, additional, Blasi, Annabel, additional, Berzigotti, Annalisa, additional, Malik, Ashish, additional, Rajakumar, Akila, additional, Davidson, Brian, additional, O'Farrell, Bryan, additional, Kotton, Camille, additional, Imber, Charles, additional, Kwon, Choon Hyuck David, additional, Wray, Christopher, additional, Ahn, Chul-Soo, additional, Krenn, Claus, additional, Quintini, Cristiano, additional, Maluf, Daniel, additional, Mina, Daniel Santa, additional, Sellers, Daniel, additional, Balci, Deniz, additional, Patel, Dhupal, additional, Rudow, Dianne LaPointe, additional, Monbaliu, Diethard, additional, Bezinover, Dmitri, additional, Krzanicki, Dominik, additional, Kim, Dong-Sik, additional, Brombosz, Elizabeth, additional, Blumberg, Emily, additional, Weiss, Emmanuel, additional, Wey, Emmanuel, additional, Kaldas, Fady, additional, Saliba, Faouzi, additional, Pittau, Gabriella, additional, Wagener, Gebhard, additional, Song, Gi-Won, additional, Biancofiore, Gianni, additional, Crespo, Gonzalo, additional, Rodríguez, Gonzalo, additional, Palli, Graciela Martinez, additional, McKenna, Gregory, additional, Petrowsky, Henrik, additional, Egawa, Hiroto, additional, Montasser, Iman, additional, Pirenne, Jacques, additional, Eason, James, additional, Guarrera, James, additional, Pomposelli, James, additional, Lerut, Jan, additional, Emond, Jean, additional, Boehly, Jennifer, additional, Towey, Jennifer, additional, Hillingsø, Jens G, additional, de Jonge, Jeroen, additional, Caicedo, Juan, additional, Heimbach, Julie, additional, Emamaullee, Juliet Ann, additional, Bartoszko, Justyna, additional, Ma, Ka Wing, additional, Kronish, Kate, additional, Forkin, Katherine T., additional, Chok, Kenneth Siu Ho, additional, Olthoff, Kim, additional, Reyntjens, Koen, additional, Lee, Kwang-Woong, additional, Suh, Kyung-Suk, additional, Denehy, Linda, additional, van der Laan, Luc J.W., additional, McCormack, Lucas, additional, Gorvin, Lucy, additional, Ruffolo, Luis, additional, Bhat, Mamatha, additional, Ramírez, María Amalia Matamoros, additional, Londoño, Maria-Carlota, additional, Gitman, Marina, additional, Levstik, Mark, additional, de Santibañes, Martin, additional, Lindsay, Martine, additional, Parotto, Matteo, additional, Armstrong, Matthew, additional, Kasahara, Mureo, additional, Schofield, Nick, additional, Rizkalla, Nicole, additional, Akamatsu, Nobuhisa, additional, Scatton, Olivier, additional, Keskin, Onur, additional, Imventarza, Oscar, additional, Andacoglu, Oya, additional, Muiesan, Paolo, additional, Giorgio, Patricia, additional, Northup, Patrick, additional, Matins, Paulo, additional, Abt, Peter, additional, Newsome, Philip N, additional, Dutkowski, Philipp, additional, Bhangui, Pooja, additional, Bhangui, Prashant, additional, Tandon, Puneeta, additional, Brustia, Raffaele, additional, Planinsic, Raymond, additional, Brown, Robert, additional, Porte, Robert, additional, Barth, Rolf, additional, Ciria, Rubén, additional, Florman, Sander, additional, Dharancy, Sebastien, additional, Pai, Sher-Lu, additional, Yagi, Shintaro, additional, Nadalin, Silvio, additional, Chinnakotla, Srinath, additional, Forbes, Stuart J, additional, Rahman, Suehana, additional, Hong, Suk Kyun, additional, Liying, Sun, additional, Orloff, Susan, additional, Rubman, Susan, additional, Eguchi, Susumu, additional, Ikegami, Toru, additional, Reichman, Trevor, additional, Settmacher, Utz, additional, Aluvihare, Varuna, additional, Xia, Victor, additional, Yoon, Young-In, additional, Soejima, Yuji, additional, Genyk, Yuri, additional, Jalal, Arif, additional, Borakati, Aditya, additional, Gustar, Adrian, additional, Mohamed, Ahmed, additional, Ramirez, Alejandro, additional, Rothnie, Alex, additional, Scott, Aneya, additional, Sharma, Anika, additional, Munro, Annalise, additional, Mahay, Arun, additional, Liew, Belle, additional, Hidalgo, Camila, additional, Crouch, Cara, additional, Yan, Cheung Tsz, additional, Tschuor, Christoph, additional, Shaw, Conrad, additional, Schizas, Dimitrios, additional, Fritche, Dominic, additional, Huda, Fabia Ferdousi, additional, Wells, Gemma, additional, Farrer, Giselle, additional, Kwok, Hiu Tat, additional, Kostakis, Ioannis, additional, Mestre-Costa, Joao, additional, Fan, Ka Hay, additional, Fan, Ka Siu, additional, Fraser, Kyra, additional, Jeilani, Lelia, additional, Pang, Li, additional, Lenti, Lorenzo, additional, Kathirvel, Manikandan, additional, Zachiotis, Marinos, additional, Vailas, Michail, additional, Milan, Michele Mazza, additional, Elnagar, Mohamed, additional, Alradhawi, Mohammad, additional, Dimitrokallis, Nikolaos, additional, Machairas, Nikolaos, additional, Morare, Nolitha, additional, Yeung, Oscar, additional, Khanal, Pragalva, additional, Satish, Pranav, additional, Ghani, Shahi Abdul, additional, Makhdoom, Shahroo, additional, Arulrajan, Sithhipratha, additional, Bogan, Stephanie, additional, Pericleous, Stephanos, additional, Blakemore, Timon, additional, Otti, Vanessa, additional, Lam, Walter, additional, Jackson, Whitney, additional, and Abdi, Zakee, additional

Published
2023
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39. GNPAT variant (D519G) is not associated with an elevated serum ferritin or iron removed by phlebotomy in patients referred for C282Y-linked hemochromatosis

Author

Alexander Levstik, Alan Stuart, and Paul C. Adams

Subjects
Iron overload, Haemochromatosis, Ferritin, Peroxisome, Iron, Specialties of internal medicine, RC581-951
Abstract

Background. Previous studies in high and low expressors has demonstrated that a variant in the GNPAT gene (D519G, Rs11558492, chromosome 1, exon 11) has been associated with severe iron overload in C282Y homozygotes for hemochromatosis. In this study, a GNPATvariant was assessed prospectively in patients referred for HFE testing over a range of serum ferritin levels.Material and methods. Consecutive patients sent for HFE testing were studied for the GNPAT variant using a TaqMan kit assay (Life Technologies, Burlington, ON). Serum ferritin and iron removed by phlebotomy was compared in C282Y homozygotes with and without the GNPATvariant. The frequency of the GNPATvariant in referred patients was compared to a control population of voluntary blood donors without HFE mutations.Results. There were 533 patients that had GNPATanalysis. The allele frequency for the GNPATvariant in C282Y homozygotes (n = 75) was 0.226 and in wild type control patients (n = 458) was 0.213 (p = .07). Forty-eight percent (of the C282Y homozygotes were heterozygous (n = 28) or homozygous (n = 8) for the GNPATvariant. The mean (log)ferritin and iron removed did not significantly differ between C282Y homozygous with GNPAT homozygotes, GNPAT heterozygotes, and without the GNPATvariant (p = 0.84).Conclusions. C282Y homozygotes referred for HFE testing commonly have a GNPATvariant. This GNPATvariant does not appear be a co-modifying gene affecting expression of HFE related hemochromatosis in this population. The GNPATvariant does not predict the severity of iron overload.

Published
2016
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41. When Should Employers Engage An External Investigator?

Author

Levstik, Andrea S.

Subjects
Business, international
Abstract

Increasingly, employers are faced with the challenging task of responding to a wide range of complaints in the workplace. When made aware of a workplace complaint, it is crucial that [...]

Published
2023

42. ONCA Rules: The Ship Has Sailed For Tall Ships

Author

Levstik, Andrea S.

Subjects
Commercial arbitration -- Laws, regulations and rules, Public-private sector cooperation -- Laws, regulations and rules, Waterfront development -- Laws, regulations and rules, Government regulation, Business, international, Ontario. Arbitration Act 1991
Abstract

In Tall Ships Development Inc. v Brockville (City)1, the Court of Appeal for Ontario recently considered the basis for setting aside arbitral awards under sections 45 or 46 of the [...]

Published
2023

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