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Background: Optic neuritis, myelitis, and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) have been associated with antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-immunoglobulin G (anti-MOG-IgG). Furthermore, patients with radiological and demographic features atypical for multiple sclerosis (MS) with optic neuritis and myelitis also demonstrate antibodies against aquaporin-4 and anti-MOG-IgG. However, data on the diagnosis, treatment, follow-up, and prognosis in patients with anti-MOG-IgG are limited. Aims: To evaluate the clinical, radiological, and demographic characteristics of patients with anti-MOG-IgG. Study Design: Multicenter, retrospective, observational study. Methods: Patients with blood samples demonstrating anti-MOG-IgG that had been evaluated at the Neuroimmunology laboratory at Ondokuz Mayıs University’s Faculty of Medicine were included in the study. Results: Of the 104 patients with anti-MOG-IgG, 56.7% were women and 43.3% were men. Approximately 2.4% of the patients were diagnosed with MS, 15.8% with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), 39.4% with NMOSD, 31.3% with isolated optic neuritis, and 11.1% with isolated myelitis. Approximately 53.1% of patients with spinal involvement at clinical onset demonstrated a clinical course of NMOSD. Thereafter, 8.8% of these patients demonstrated a clinical course similar to MS and ADEM, and 28.1% demonstrated a clinical course of isolated myelitis. The response to acute attack treatment was lower and the disability was higher in patients aged > 40 years than patients aged < 40 years at clinical onset. Oligoclonal band was detected in 15.5% of the patients. Conclusion: For patients with NMOSD and without anti-NMO antibodies, the diagnosis is supported by the presence of anti-MOG-IgG. Furthermore, advanced age at clinical onset, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score at clinical onset, spinal cord involvement, and number of attacks may be negative prognostic factors in patients with anti-MOG-IgG.

This study aims to analyse the relationship between foreign direct investments (FDI) and portfolio investments (PI) and interest rates. Firstly, ADF and PP unit root tests were applied to determine whether the variables were stationary or not. Since the series became stationary at different levels, the ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag Bound Test) test, one of the cointegration tests, was applied. Afterward, Toda-Yamamoto tests were utilized to determine whether there is causality between the variables and if there is a causality relationship, to determine its directions. According to the ARDL bound test results, it is concluded that there is no short-term asymmetric relationship between PI and other independent variables. In other words, there is no statistically significant relationship between PI and EUR, USD and TL interest rates. On the other hand, it is concluded that the FDI dependent variable and other independent variables are long-run cointegrated in the relevant period. According to the results of the Toda-Yamamoto causality test where FDI and TL, EUR, and USD are independent variables, it is concluded that there is a Granger causality relationship between FDI and TL and EUR interest rates.

Aim: The clinical picture of acute stoneless cholecystitis can be seen in a wide range from mild lesions to the size that threatens the patient’s life. In this study, we aimed to contribute to the literature by investigating the relationship between patients with acute stone-free cholecystitis and diabetes mellitus (DM). Materials and Methods: Patients were analyzed for age, sex, and blood tests. Descriptive statistics for numerical variables are presented as mean, standard deviation, min-max values. Non-parametric test procedures were performed on non-normally distributed data. In this context, dependent and independent sample t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to determine the relationships between the parameters. Spearman’s correlation analysis was used, and chi-square analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between categorical data. Results: The parameters measured by complete blood count and biochemistry were as follows: neutrophil: 56.72±23.17, C-reactive protein (CRP): 38.31±7.70, aspartate aminotransferase (AST): 78.86±25.80, alanine aminotransferase (ALT): 73.59±159.90, gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT): 142.99±236.08, urea: 37.14±24.41, creatinine: 0.90±0.50, glucose: 115.42±53.70, white blood cell: 8.49±6.66, percentage of neutrophils: 63.80±14.10, platelet: 245.63±84.62. There was a positive correlation between CRP and AST, CRP and ALT, CRP and GGT, and ALT and GGT in DM+ patients. Conclusion: It can be said that advanced age and the presence of DM increase the risk of stoneless cholecystitis, and blood parameters are used to show the presence of infection. In addition, deterioration in liver function tests increases more in patients with DM.

Obesity, which develops especially in childhood and adolescence, is an important health problem at all ages. Hormones that stimulate the hypothalamus about the body's energy stores prevent eating and keep body weight within certain physiological limits. Investigating obesity and the hormones associated with obesity is very important in this context. We believe that the functions of obesity-associated hormones that have been identified to date can guide further studies. In this review, obesity-related hormones and their mechanisms of action are discussed.

Amaç: Bankaların temel amacı sürdürülebilir kârlılık politikası geliştirmek ve piyasa değerini artırmaktır. Bankaların sağlıklı bir yapı içerisinde olması ve kârlılıklarını sürekli olarak artırması faaliyet gösterdiği ekonomilerin gelişmesi açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, Türk bankacılık sektörü kârlılığına etki eden faktörlerin tespiti ve değişkenlerin birbirleri olan ilişkilerinin belirlemesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmada, 02/2011-11/2022 dönemine ait aylık veri seti kullanılmıştır. Değişkenler arasında herhangi bir nedenselliğin olup olmadığı, nedensellik mevcutsa bu ilişkinin yönünün ne olduğu “Toda Yamamoto Testi” ile ikili analiz şeklinde test edilmiştir. Bulgular: Test sonuçlarına göre, Türk bankacılık sektörünün aktif karlılığı ile “Ücret, Komisyon ve Bankacılık Hizmetleri Gelirleri/Ortalama Toplam Aktifler” ve “İşletme Giderleri/Ortalama Toplam Aktifler” rasyoları arasında Granger nedensellik ilişkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Özgünlük: Çalışmada, Türk bankacılık sektörü verilerinin literatürdeki çalışmalardan farklı dışsal bağımsız değişkenlerle analize tabi tutulması çalışmanın özgün yanını oluşturmaktadır.

Aim and Scope: Increasing physical activity level is important for public health. This study aims to investigate the relationship between regular physical activity level, body composition and perceived health levels of university students. Methods: Participants of this study were consisted of 331 university students including 158 females and 173 males. The mean ages were 21.85 years for females and 22.94 years for males, respectively. The Exercise Behavior Stages of Change Questionnaire was used to determine the physical activity level. Mann Whitney U test was used to compare two genders while Spearman rank order correlation was performed to test the relationship among variables. Findings: Results of our study showed that there are significant differences between males and females in all variables except age and exercise behavior stages. While the exercise behavior stages and perceived health level of those who exercise in females are significantly different from those of sedentary, height and exercise behavior level in males are more statistically significant in favor of those who exercise. While the health level in females is positively related to the age variable and negatively related to the BMI, there was no significant difference between the health and exercise level and other variables in males. Conclusion: As a result, it can be concluded that male and female university students do not engage in regular physical activity at a level that will affect their perceived health levels.

Abstract Protein fibril self-assembly is a universal transition implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. Although fibril structure/growth are well characterized, fibril nucleation is poorly understood. Here, we use a computational-experimental approach to resolve fibril nucleation. We show that monomer hairpin content quantified from molecular dynamics simulations is predictive of experimental fibril formation kinetics across a tau motif mutant library. Hairpin trimers are predicted to be fibril transition states; one hairpin spontaneously converts into the cross-beta conformation, templating subsequent fibril growth. We designed a disulfide-linked dimer mimicking the transition state that catalyzes fibril formation, measured by ThT fluorescence and TEM, of wild-type motif - which does not normally fibrillize. A dimer compatible with extended conformations but not the transition-state fails to nucleate fibril at any concentration. Tau repeat domain simulations show how long-range interactions sequester this motif in a mutation-dependent manner. This work implies that different fibril morphologies could arise from disease-dependent hairpin seeding from different loci.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases worldwide. Approximately 15% of PD patients have a family history of the disease in one or more first-degree relatives, and 5-10% of PD cases exhibit a classical Mendelian inheritance pattern. In 1997, the heritable transmission of PD was first documented. Recent studies have found 90 independent genome-wide signals at 78 loci that may be associated with PD. The identification of genes linked to PD and their functions has uncovered novel biological pathways and treatment options that play a role in the development of PD. In this article, it is aimed to review up-to-date information on the genetics of PD.

Abstract Objective Recall bias of patients and their relatives, low reliability of the history, changes in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms or compensatory behaviors, and various comorbidities may be associated with difficulties in diagnosing ADHD in adults. Barkley Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale-IV (BAARS-IV), a relatively new scale, needs to be studied for validity and reliability in different societies and cultures. In this study, we investigated whether the Turkish version of BAARS-IV: Present Symptoms Section is valid and reliable in the medical students who constituted the sample. Methods Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale and BAARS-IV: Present Symptoms Section were administered to 402 fifth- and sixth-year medical students. We performed exploratory and confirmatory factor analyzes. Cronbach’s alpha and inter-item correlation were evaluated. Pearson correlation test was used in inter-scale correlation analyses. Results For ADHD items, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) (0.882), Measuring of Sampling Adequacy MSA (0.819), chi-square (2512.455), and p (< 0.001) values showed that the data were suitable for factor analysis. A three-factor structure with an eigenvalue above 1 and explaining 53.14% of the total variance was obtained. In the correlation matrix reconstructed with eight Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) items, the determinant of the correlation matrix was 0.025, the KMO determinant was 0.852, the lowest MSA value was 0.750, and the residual rate was 14%. A two-factor structure was obtained explaining 67.451% of the variance. Cronbach’s alpha values of the inattention and impulsivity subscales were 0.839 and 0.752, respectively. Cronbach’s alpha value of 8 questions in the SCT scale was found to be 0.871. Conclusion The results of our study indicate that the BAARS-IV Self-report Present Symptoms scale is valid and reliable among medical students.

Evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the main components of the hydrological cycle and plays a crucial role for water resources. It is sensitive to climate change, and therefore, estimating ET under changing climatic conditions is essential in comprehending hydrological processes, particularly in agricultural water management. In this study, the impact of climate change on ET in the Central Anatolia region of Türkiye was assessed. For this purpose, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate change scenarios based on two Earth System Models, HadGEM2-ES and MPI-ESM-MR, were employed for three future time periods: 2025-2049, 2050-2074, and 2075-2098. As a baseline period for comparison, the time interval spanning 1980-2000 was considered. ET values were computed by using the Penman-Monteith equation, recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization, along with five widely utilized methods. The study revealed a consistent increase in ET depending on the employed methods for the future period in response to climate change. The average of the ET amounts for the region was determined as 1089 mm for the reference period 1980-2000. As the average of the six methods utilized, amounts estimated by HadGEM RCP4.5, HadGEM RCP8.5, MPI RCP4.5, and MPI RCP8.5 models for the future period were obtained as 1 199, 1 285, 1 166, and 1 248 mm, respectively. Considering the results, it is found that the ET amount in the Central Anatolia region of Türkiye will increase by up to 11% by the end of this century under the optimistic RCP 4.5 scenario and by up to 19% under the extreme RCP 8.5 scenario. These findings regarding increased evapotranspiration play a significant role in water resource management and agricultural production planning in the region, holding crucial implications for sustainable agriculture.

This study was conducted to measure and compare the financial performance of public, domestic private and foreign capital deposit bank groups operating in Turkey in 2020-2021 and 2022, covering the Covid-19 pandemic period. For this purpose, TOPSIS method, one of the multicriteria decision-making techniques, was used. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that domestic deposit banks with private capital performed the best in 2020 and 2021, while deposit banks with foreign capital performed better in 2022. It was concluded that state-owned banks performed worse than domestic private and foreign-owned banks during the pandemic period.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the serum biomarkers myeloperoxidase (MPO), paraoxonase (PON), and plasma asprosin in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diagnosis and assess their compatibility with routinely screened cardiac biomarkers. Methods: This study was conducted using a prospective cross-sectional design and included 90 patients, consisting of 60 patients diagnosed with AMI (30 with ST-segment elevation and 30 with non-ST-segment elevation on ECG) and 30 controls (without a diagnosis of AMI). Changes in the levels of cardiac biomarkers (Hs-cTnI, CK, CK-MB), lipid profile (TC, TG, LDL, HDL), MPO, PON, asprosin, and routine biochemical parameters of patients were evaluated. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed the diagnostic value of Hs-cTnI, MPO, PON, and asprosin in predicting AMI. Binary logistic regression analysis of cardiac marker concentrations was used to predict the presence of AMI. In contrast, multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to predict the type of AMI and the control group. Results: The median levels of MPO and plasma asprosin were found to be higher in the patient group (3.22 [interquartile range {IQR}: 2.4–4.4] ng/ml and 10.84 [IQR: 8.8–17.8] ng/ml, respectively) than in the control group (2.49 [IQR: 1.9–2.9] ng/ml and 4.82 [IQR: 4.6–8.0] ng/ml, respectively) (p = 0.001 and p

Objective:Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has emerged as an alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement and has become a popular treatment modality for inoperable or patients at high surgical risk with severe aortic stenosis. We aimed to evaluate our perioperative anaesthetic experiences with patients undergoing TAVI under sedation or general anaesthesia (GA).Methods:One hundred and fifty-nine patients who underwent TAVI procedures were enrolled. Effects on TAVI outcomes of sedation and GA were compared.Results:The duration of surgery and anaesthesia was significantly longer in patients who received GA. Insertion site complication and post-TAVI pacemaker implantation rates were similar between the groups, but the frequency of intraoperative complications (10% vs. 0.8%; P=0.015), intraoperative hypotension (35.3% vs. 70%; P < 0.001), and acute kidney injury (12.6% vs. 27.5%; P=0.028) was significantly higher in the GA group. Stroke occurred in seven patients, and all were in the sedation group.Conclusion:GA is related to increased procedure time and acute kidney injury; therefore, local anaesthesia and sedation may be the first option in patients undergoing TAVI.

Abstract Purpose New perspectives on rehabilitation options for inner ear malformations have still been studied in the literature. This study investigated the cognitive, language, and motor skills of auditory brainstem implant (ABI) users in unimodal and bimodal groups. Methods The motor competency of the participants was assessed with Bruininks–Oseretsky Motor Proficiency Test‐2 Short Form (BOT2 SF). Language performance was evaluated by the test of Early Language Development‐3 and Speech Intelligibility Rating. Word identification, sentence recognition tests, and Categories of Auditory Performance were used to assess auditory perception skills. To examine the cognitive performance, Cancellation Test and Gesell Copy Form were administered. All the tests were conducted in a quiet environment without any distractions. Results The participants were divided into two groups: (1) 17 children in the unimodal group and (2) 11 children in the bimodal (who used a cochlear implant on one side and ABI on the other side) group. There were significant correlations between the chronological age of participants and BOT2 SF total score, cancellation tests, auditory perception tests, and language performance. Similarly, there were significant correlations between the duration of ABI use and auditory perception tests, language performance, cancellation test, and some BOT2 SF subtests (r = −0.47 to −0.60, p .05). However, there were moderate‐to‐strong correlations among the auditory perception tests, cancellation test, language test, and BOT2 SF total score and subtests (r = 0.40 to 0.55, p

Fragility can be defined in different ways depending on the economic unit studied, the risk factor and the perspective of the researcher. The common points of economic units, which are considered as fragile, are that they are mostly fragile due to events that develop against their will (for example, economic crises, internal and external shocks). In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between each other by examining the "Credit/GDP" ratios of "Brazil, India, Indonesia, South Africa and Turkey" grouped as the "Fragile Five" between 1996Q1-2022Q2. The series used in the study, Extended Dickey Fuller (ADF), Philips Perron (PP) unit root tests were used to investigate the degree of stationarity of the series. Whether there is a causal relationship between the series, and if there is causality, it was analyzed with the Toda-Yamamoto method to determine its directions. According to the results of the Toda-Yamamoto causality test, at the 5% significance level, a causality relationship was found between Brazil and India among the fragile five countries, while no causality relationship was found between the other countries in the reciprocal tests.

Konvansiyonel bankaların geleneksel işlevi, fon arz ve taleplerine aracılık etmektedir. Bu kapsamda bankaların en önemli gelir kaynağı faiz gelirleridir. Fakat 2000’li yılların başından itibaren teknoloji alanında yaşanan gelişmeler, bankalar arası artan rekabet ve buna paralel olarak net faiz ve kar marjlarındaki azalmalar, bankaları kredi ve mevduat işlemlerinden farklı hizmetler sunmalarına neden olmuştur. Hizmet çeşitliliğindeki bu artış, bankaların temel gelirleri arasında bulunan faiz gelirlerinin yanı sıra geleneksel olmayan faaliyetlerden elde edilen faiz dışı gelir kalemlerinde hızlı artışlar görülmüştür.Çalışmanın amacı, Türk bankacılık sektörü faiz dışı gelir oranlarının, aktif ve sermaye karlılığı oranları arasındaki ilişkinin ekonometrik olarak araştırılmasıdır. Çalışmada 2003-2022 arası dönemi kapsayan üçer aylık veriler kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada yöntem olarak zaman serisi analizlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi test edebilmek için serilere yapısal kırılmaları da dikkate alan “Lee Strazicich Birim Kök Testi” uygulanmıştır. Değişkenler arasında herhangi bir nedenselliğin olup olmadığı, nedensellik mevcutsa bu ilişkinin yönünün ne olduğu “Toda Yamamoto Testi” ile karşılıklı olarak test edilmiştir. Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik testi sonuçlarına göre, faiz dışı gelir serisinden aktif ve sermaye karlılığı serisine doğru karşılıklı olarak kurulan hipotezlerde istatistiksel olarak bir nedensellik ilişkisinin bulunmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır.

Ülke ekonomileri birçok makroekonomik sorunla karşı karşıya kalmaktadırlar. Sorunların çözüldüğü düşünüldüğü noktalarda, başka sorunlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Türkiye ekonomisi, enflasyon, cari açık, işsizlik, döviz kuru, ödemeler dengesi, tasarrufların yetersizliği, aşırı yükselen kredi hacmi gibi makroekonomik sorunlarla yıllardır mücadele etmektedir. Bu sorunların her biri ayrı ayrı ciddi düzeyde irdelenmesi muhakkak gereklidir. Ancak cari açık, uzun süredir çözülememiş, kronik hale gelmiş bir sorundur. Cari açığın en önemli belirleyicilerinden bir tanesi ise bankacılık kesimi tarafından kullandırılan kredileridir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de banka kredileri ile cari açık arasındaki ilişkiyi test etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada kullanılan seriler, Genişletilmiş Dickey Fuller (ADF), Philips Perron (PP) birim kök testlerinin yanı sıra yapısal kırılmaları da dikkate alan Zivot-Andrews birim kök testiyle serilerin durağanlık dereceleri araştırılmıştır. Seriler arasında bir nedensellik ilişkisi olup olmadığı, nedensellik varsa yönlerinin tespit edilmesi için karşılıklı olarak Toda-Yamamoto yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik testi sonuçlarına göre, %5 anlamlılık seviyesinde kredi hacmi ve cari açık değişkenleri arasında karşılıklı olarak nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir.

The banking sector is the largest part of the financial system in terms of both its function and size in a country's economy. The contraction or expansion that may occur in the sector due to this function it fulfills is important in terms of financial stability. The fact that sector-based vulnerabilities spread to the majority of the financial system and cause negative effects on the real sector makes it essential to make efforts to anticipate and prevent vulnerabilities. In this study, it is aimed to reveal the macroeconomic factors affecting the financial fragility of the Turkish banking sector. The Turkish banking sector “non-performing loans/total loans” ratio is taken as the indicator of financial fragility. Macroeconomic variables thought to be related to financial fragility; credit risk ratio, consumer price index, unemployment rate, BIST 100 Index and manufacturing industry production index. The study consists of monthly data between 10/2008 and 08/2022. Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips Perron (PP) unit root tests and Zivot-Andrews unit root tests with structural break have used to determine the stationarity levels of the variables. Whether or not there is causality between the variables, and if there is a causal relationship, the directions were analyzed using the "Toda-Yamamoto" method. According to the results of the TodaYamamoto causality test, a causal relationship was found from the manufacturing industry production index and BIST 100 index variables to the financial fragility variable at the 5% significance level. However, no causality relationship was found from country risk premium, unemployment rate and consumer price index variables to financial fragility variable. As a result of this analysis, it has been concluded that there is a relationship between financial fragility, manufacturing industry production index and BIST 100 index, that is, changes in these two indices affect financial fragility.

Aim: To analyse the validity of the mobile application (Athla Velocity) used to measure ball speed. Method: A total of 67 volunteer male tennis players with a mean age of 24.94 ± 4.91 years participated in the study. In all measurements, the successful 10 service strike velocity made by the athletes in the determined area were evaluated. Each service strike was measured concurrently using both the Stalker Solo 2 radar device and the Athla Velocity application. Bland-Altman and regression analyses were used to determine the validity. Results: A high positive correlation was found between the radar device and Athla Velocity Application measurements (ICC = 0.970, r2 = .989). In addition, according to the Bland-Altman analysis, the measurement results of the two methods were found to be within the calculated limited area to a large extent. Conclusion: It has been determined that the Athla Velocity application can measure 98% close to the Stalker Pro 2 device in ball velocity measurement. As a result, it can be said that the Athla Velocity application can be used validly in ball velocity measurements.

The most common neurological disease in the world and one of the leading reasons for mortality is stroke. In addition to its effect on many systems of the body, COVID-19 infection also affects the central nervous system and causes neurological involvement. In our study, we examined the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on stroke by comparing the pre-pandemic and pandemic times. Patients who presented to the emergency department with a stroke during the same time in two different years were included in the study. Patients with clinical conditions mimicking stroke in the differential diagnosis, those with a positive polymerase chain reaction test for COVID-19, and those with COVID-19 pneumonia were excluded from the sample. Patients diagnosed with stroke were examined using clinical, laboratory, and radiological imaging methods. Length of stay in hospital (service or intensive care unit) and mortality rates were recorded. There was no significant difference between the pre-pandemic and pandemic times in relation to the incidence of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, sex, and age. Although the number of patients presenting with an ischemic stroke increased during the pandemic time, the rate of acute ischemic stroke patients decreased. In addition, there was a decrease in the rates of patients who underwent intravenous thrombolytic and mechanical thrombectomy. Stroke cases increased during the pandemic time, but the rate of admission for acute ischemic stroke decreased. Because of this reason patients delaying their hospital visits because of pandemics lost their chance of acute treatment. [Med-Science 2022; 11(2.000): 836-40]

In this article, I will stop by an ancient source, De Rerum Natura, Lucretius’ unaccomplished two-thousand-year-old masterpiece, and try to delve into the centuries-old roots of ornamentation much older than from Gottfried Semper’s Bekleidung (dressing) principle of the nineteenth century. Lucretius’s approach, grounded on Epicurus’ atomism, discloses how nature embellishes and creates existences with this queer principle, starting from atoms, with deviation from end to end. (In the twentieth century, though, we are now aware of the divisibility of atoms and the existence of subatomic particles.) After including these passages, I will try to take a closer look at Adorno’s text, in which he sarcastically states that, the effort to purify has turned into a style itself. After a micro-investigation on the representation of nature, I will conclude my article with a discussion in which I expressed my concerns that the anti-ornamentalism sometimes haunts academic writing under the guise of being scientific.

Aim: Our aim in this study is to consider the relationship between arterial blood gas (ABG) parameters and prognosis in severe head trauma in children. Material and Methods: Patients younger than 17 years of age with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 8 and below with a history of head trauma were retrospectively analyzed. The relation of ABG parameters taken at the time of admission with mortality was examined. Independent sample T-test was used for pH, PCO2 and base extract (BE) parameters in ABG, and Mann Whitney U test was used for PO2 and lactate parameters. Results: 48 patients were included in the study. Gender, age, admission blood pressure arterial values, GCS and Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) scores, length of stay in intensive care, and the surgical application did not differ statistically between the patient groups who died and survived (p> 0.05). Ph and PO2 values were lower, PCO2, lactate and BE values were found to be higher in the deceased patient group compared to the living patient group (p˂0.05). The presence of acidosis, hypercapnia, or hyperlactatemia according to ABG values in the patient group who died was statistically significantly higher (p˂0.05). Conclusion: In our study, we found that the presence of acidosis, hypercapnia, and hyperlactatemia in patients according to ABG values increased mortality. In addition, according to the results of ROC analysis, we found that high PCO2 and lactate values could be specific indicators indicating poor prognosis. We think that PCO2 and lactate measured in arterial blood may be biomarkers that can determine the prognosis.

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus outbreak spread rapidly all over the world. The virus is known to be neuroinvasive, but much is still unknown. In this study, we aimed to present the main neurologic symptoms in patients who were diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The study was conducted retrospectively by phoning 156 patients in Turkey diagnosed with COVID-19 through real-time polymerase chain reaction; only 100 patients could be reached. Data about their demographics, initial symptoms, neurological symptoms, and sleeping habits were collected. During the disease process, 66% had at least one neurological symptom, 55% had central nervous system symptoms, 42% had peripheral nervous system symptoms, and 64% had sleep disturbances and myalgia. Impaired consciousness, smell and taste impairments, and sleep disturbances were significantly higher in patients with positive chest computed tomography imaging (p < 0.05). Neurological symptoms were observed in COVID-19, as in other coronaviruses. Headache in particular was the most common symptom in our population. In patients with respiratory system findings, the detection of certain neurological symptoms such as smell-taste impairments, impaired consciousness, and sleep disorders were more common. We concluded that COVID-19 patients should be approached in a more holistic way, taking the nervous system into account.

PURPOSE:X-linked deafness (XLD) is a rare disease, characterized by typical cochlear incomplete partition type 3 anomaly (IP-III). Accompanying hypothalamic anomalies were also recently described. The purpose of this study was to document the temporal bone and intracranial imaging findings in a series of patients with XLD with a review of the literature, to better understand this anomaly.METHODS:The CT and MRI studied of 13 XLD patients were retrospectively evaluated. All structures of the otic capsule (OC) were subjectively and retrospectively assessed. The OC thickness and the size of the cochlea were measured and compared to the age-matched control group. Intracranial structures were also evaluated with specific attention to the hypothalamic region.RESULTS:All cases had bilateral IP-III anomaly, bulbous internal auditory canals (IACs), absent bony modiolus with preserved interscalar septa, intact cochleovestibular, and facial nerves. OC thickness was decreased in all cases compared to the control group (p

Inner ear malformations are one of the common causes of hearing loss. Common cavity is extremely rare among the types of inner ear anomalies. In this study, 8-years development period of a boy with common cavity is presented. In case of side effect such as facial nerve stimulation or insufficient hearing and language development with cochlear implant use, auditory brainstem implant may be indicated on the contralateral side. Our case had a re-implantation due to facial nerve stimulation after cochlear implant. After the second cochlear implant activation, everything seemed fine, facial nerve stimulation was seen again in the patient and the child refused to wear cochlear implant. This suddenly stopped his auditory perception and language development. Our patient started to regress. As a team, we decided that our case needed an auditory brainstem implant. Improvements in auditory perception and language development were observed in our patient after auditory brainstem implant.

In the study, using panel data analysis, the relationship between GDP and global iron, global cotton, global oil, and global copper prices were analyzed under the impoverishing growth hypothesis. The countries analyzed in this study are developing countries such as China, Chile, Czechia, Greece, Hungary, India, South Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Thailand, and Turkey. The data covers the period 2003-2018. The analysis results show that the increase in global cotton and oil prices decreases the GDP of these countries, and the increase in global iron and copper prices increases the GDPs of these countries. Therefore, policymakers should support investment in renewable energy, domestic agriculture, and mining sectors.

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between infection-induced PV and inflammatory parameters levels, WBC, NLR, PLR and CRP in elderly patients. Material and Method: In our study, 122 patients with peripheral vertigo complaints were retrospectively evaluated. Their gender, age, the type of admission, emergency room discharge and hospitalization, hospital admission time, complaints, and physical examination findings rates were examined. Results: The mean age was 73.4 years.. 115 patients (94.3%) were discharged after follow-up in the emergency department, while 7 patients (5.7%) were hospitalized. Complaints were 75.4% dizziness, 18% nausea-vomiting and 6.4% headache, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in PLT, NEU, LYM, NEU / LYM and PLT / LYM values. Conclusion: In our study, WBC and CRP were significantly higher in patients. The results of our study showed that it can be used actively in the diagnosis of inflammatory causes in the pathogenesis of elderly patients with peripheral vertigo.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the physical, psychological and familial problems of the healthcare provider working in emergency health care services that develop due to their work and working conditions. METHODS: 297 people working in emergency health services in three different cities were included in the study. The study was carried out between November 15 and December 15, 2020 by conducting an online questionnaire. The participants in the study were asked questions about their physiological and psychological health conditions through the questionnaire. The answers received were evaluated statistically. RESULTS: In this study conducted with 297 people working in emergency health services (EHS), 189 (63.6%) people had health problems, 249 (83.8%) people worked even though they were ill, 186 (62.6%) people did not go to regular check-ups about their diseases, 282 (94.9%) were found to be under occupational stress and 141 (47.5%) of them needed psychological support. It has been determined that women have more health problems than men, are constantly using medication and need psychological support more (p=0.002, p=0.001, p=0.001). The health status of EHS employees who worked on duty was worse than those working overtime. This situation was statistically significant (p=0.002). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It is observed that emergency health care workers have some physical and mental problems. All stressful situations on healthcare provider should be identified and working conditions should be improved.

We hypothesized that dragon fruit extract (DFE) might be a protective agent in oxidative stress damage that develops against ischemia and reperfusion injury in the rat intestine. The rats used in the study were randomly divided into 8 groups, with 6 animals in each group. Groups 1 and 2 were not exposed to ischemia. Ischemia was induced for 1 h in groups 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8. The clamps were then removed to allow reperfusion for 45 min (Groups 6, 7 and 8). DFE was given to rats at doses of 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg 30 min before Ischemia (I) and Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) administration. At the end of the experiment, histopathological, biochemical and molecular analyses were performed on the intestinal tissues. While glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione levels increased significantly in the I+DFE500, I+DFE1000, I/R+DFE500 and I/R+DFE1000 groups compared to the I and I/R groups, there was a significant decrease in tumor necrosis factor -α, Caspase 3 and malondialdehyde (P

The current study aimed to design and synthesize a novel series of fluorophenyl-isoxazole-carboxamide derivatives and evaluate their antiproliferative activities. Anticancer activities of the novel compounds were evaluated by MTS assay against four cancer cell lines, including liver (Hep3B, HepG2), cervical (HeLa), and breast (MCF-7), and α-fetoprotein tumor marker, cell cycle analysis, and annexin V tests. Chemo-informatics analysis showed that all synthesized derivatives 2a–2f obeyed Lipinski’s rule. Compound 2f was the most potent compound against Hep3B and Hep-G2 cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 5.76 and 34.64 µg/mL, respectively. Moreover, compounds 2a–2c and 2e showed potent inhibitory activity against Hep3B with an IC50 value range of 7.66–11.60 µg/mL. Hep3B secretions of α-fetoprotein (α-FP) results showed that compound 2f reduced the secretion of Hep3B to 168.33 ng/mL and compound 2d reduced the secretion to value approximately 598.33 ng/mL, in comparison with untreated cells’ value of 1116.67 ng/mL. Furthermore, cell cycle analysis showed that the 2f compound induced arrest in the G2-M phase in 6.73% of the total cells and that was lower than the activity of the positive control doxorubicin (7.4%). Moreover, 2b and 2f compounds reduced the necrosis rate of Hep3B to 4-folds and shifted the cells to apoptosis.

Abstract We experimentally demonstrate the operation of a Rowland-type concave grating for spin waves, with potential application as a microwave spectrometer. In this device geometry, spin waves are coherently excited on a diffraction grating and form an interference pattern that focuses spin waves to a point corresponding to their frequency. The diffraction grating was created by focused-ion-beam irradiation, which was found to locally eliminate the ferrimagnetic properties of YIG, without removing the material. We found that in our experiments spin waves were created by an indirect excitation mechanism, by exploiting nonlinear resonance between the grating and the coplanar waveguide. Although our demonstration does not include separation of multiple frequency components, since this is not possible if the nonlinear excitation mechanism is used, we believe that using linear excitation the same device geometry could be used as a spectrometer. Our work paves the way for complex spin-wave optic devices—chips that replicate the functionality of integrated optical devices on a chip-scale.

Objective:Some inner ear malformations may cause recurrent meningitis, which may be fatal. The etiology is usually a stapes footplate fistula which enables microorganisms to pass into the inner ear containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), causing repeated attacks of meningitis. Radiological signs of the fistula are not obvious and are not reported in detail in the literature. The aim of the study is to investigate the radiological features of stapes footplate fistula in inner ear malformations.Methods:Radiological findings were analyzed for seventeen patients with inner ear malformations (IEMs) operated on because of recurrent meningitis. Using this information, images of 1,010 patients with IEMs were retrospectively reviewed to investigate the radiological findings of stapes footplate fistula and their relationship to IEMs. They were classified according to the Sennaroglu classification system, and according to different stages of stapes footplate fistula.Results:In the case of a stapes footplate cyst, computerized tomography shows an opacity at the oval window. On magnetic resonance imaging, a fluid filled cystic structure continuous with and having similar signal characteristics to the CSF in the inner ear is a pathognomonic finding of a stapes footplate cyst. It is most commonly found in common cavity anomaly (18.2%); the second most frequent finding is incomplete partition type I (15%). And it can even be seen in cases of cochlear aplasia where only the vestibule is present.Conclusion:If the history reveals recurrent meningitis, particular attention should be given to the oval window area, where an opacity, cyst or a leaking lesion should be looked for on the imaging. It is the responsibility of the otolaryngologist to notice these findings, and to operate on the patient to prevent further attacks of meningitis.

Objective While greater body mass index (BMI) is associated with increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF), the impact of BMI on outcomes in newly diagnosed AF is unclear. We examine the influence of BMI on outcomes and whether this is modified by sex and evaluate the effect of non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in patients with high BMI.Methods GARFIELD-AF is a prospective registry of 52 057 newly diagnosed AF patients. The study population comprised 40 482 participants: 703 underweight (BMI

Synaptic vesicles are primed into a state that is ready for fast neurotransmitter release upon Ca2+-binding to Synaptotagmin-1. This state likely includes trans-SNARE complexes between the vesicle and plasma membranes that are bound to Synaptotagmin-1 and complexins. However, the nature of this state and the steps leading to membrane fusion are unclear, in part because of the difficulty of studying this dynamic process experimentally. To shed light into these questions, we performed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of systems containing trans-SNARE complexes between two flat bilayers or a vesicle and a flat bilayer with or without fragments of Synaptotagmin-1 and/or complexin-1. Our results need to be interpreted with caution because of the limited simulation times and the absence of key components, but suggest mechanistic features that may control release and help visualize potential states of the primed Synaptotagmin-1-SNARE-complexin-1 complex. The simulations suggest that SNAREs alone induce formation of extended membrane-membrane contact interfaces that may fuse slowly, and that the primed state contains macromolecular assemblies of trans-SNARE complexes bound to the Synaptotagmin-1 C2B domain and complexin-1 in a spring-loaded configuration that prevents premature membrane merger and formation of extended interfaces, but keeps the system ready for fast fusion upon Ca2+ influx.

Abstract We study $$Z^{\prime }$$ Z ′ phenomenology at hadron colliders in an $$U(1)^{\prime }$$ U ( 1 ) ′ extended MSSM. We choose a $$U(1)^{\prime }$$ U ( 1 ) ′ model with a secluded sector, where the tension between the electroweak scale and developing a large enough mass for $$Z^{\prime }$$ Z ′ is resolved by incorporating three additional singlet superfields into the model. We perform a detailed analysis of the production, followed by decays, including into supersymmetric particles, of a $$Z^{\prime }$$ Z ′ boson with mass between 4 and 5.2 TeV, with particular emphasis on its possible discovery. We select three different scenarios consistent with the latest available experimental data and relic density constraints, and concentrate on final signals with $$2\ell +\not \! \! E_{T}$$ 2 ℓ + ⧸ E T , $$4\ell +\not \! \! E_{T}$$ 4 ℓ + ⧸ E T and $$6\ell +\not \! \! E_{T}$$ 6 ℓ + ⧸ E T . Including the SM background from processes with two, three or four vector bosons, we show the likelihood of observing a $$Z^\prime $$ Z ′ boson is not promising for the HL-LHC at 14 TeV. While at 27 and 100 TeV, the situation is more optimistic, and we devise specific benchmark scenarios which could be observed.

The purpose of this research is to give an insight into the Turkish real estate investment funds (T-REIFs) by comparing their risk-return performances with the main benchmark investment tool Istanbul Stock Exchange-100 (BIST-100) Index. This study evaluated the performance of T-REIFs in four different periods between January 2017 and December 2020 (2017m1–2017m12, 2018m1–2018m12, 2019m1–2019m12 and 2020m1–2020m12) including the Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) period by applying the Sharpe and Treynor ratios. In a well-diversified portfolio both ratios give the same results, but in the presence of non-systematic risk and the portfolio is poorly diversified, the Treynor ratio is a better indicator than the Sharpe ratio. The findings of this study show that rankings of Sharpe and Treynor ratios may differ for each period. These results also support the fact that the portfolios of funds in the Turkish real estate market are not well diversified. By providing corporate tax exemptions, and by enabling the investors to diversify their investments and reduce their risks, real estate investment funds are important alternatives to direct real estate investments in Turkey. In that context, being one of the pioneer studies in this niche and a new topic in emerging markets, analyzing the return performances of T-REIFs and comparing them with the returns of the BIST-100 index is aimed to contribute to literature as well as provide insight to investors who may consider investing in the Turkish real estate capital market instruments.