Search

Abstract Data in the literature on the use of ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections (CRKP-BSIs) are limited especially in OXA-48 (Oxacillinase-48) predominant regions. Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of CAZ-AVI use on outcomes in CRKP-BSIs in Turkey, where OXA-48 is endemic. A multicenter retrospective observational study was conducted between January 2017 and September 2021. The effects of clinical and treatment characteristics on 30-day mortality and relapse in CRKP-BSIs were analyzed. Predictors of outcomes were detected using a Cox regression model. The study enrolled 106 adults with CAZ-AVI-sensitive CRKP-BSIs who received CAZ-AVI for at least 72 h. Patients who received CAZ-AVI as initial therapy had lower mortality rates when compared to those who switched from last resort regimens [14.3% (n = 3/21) vs. 37.7% (n = 32/85), p = 0.04]. In multivariate analysis, older age and severe neutropenia were detected to be associated with higher mortality, significantly. Initiation of CAZ-AVI on the day of blood culture was obtained, was found to be significantly associated with lower mortality (HR: 0.25, CI: 0.07–0.84, p = 0.025). CAZ-AVI monotherapy is an important treatment option for CRKP-BSIs in OXA-48 endemic areas. Early initiation of CAZ-AVI should be preferred rather than switching from a last-resort regimen as it profoundly improves the survival rates.

Objective: Pulmonary Thromboembolism (PTE) is one of the major cardiovascular diseases with high morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and accurate prognosis are essential in clinical management. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of serum Profilin-1(PFN1) in diagnosing and prognosis PTE. Materials and methods: This study was conducted on patients older than 18 diagnosed with PTE and healthy volunteers with similar sociodemographic characteristics who applied to the emergency department between March 2022 and March 2023. Results: In the study, 102 patients diagnosed with PTE were in the patient group, and 64 healthy volunteers were in the control group. The median PFN1 level of the patient group was 2878 (124–5001) pg/mL, while the median PFN1 level of the control group was 579 (125–5001) pg/mL. The PFN1 level of the patient group was significantly higher than the control group (p

Abstract Background Carbazole-based molecules containing thiosemicarbazide functional groups are recognized for their diverse biological activities, particularly in enhancing therapeutic anticancer effects through inhibiting crucial pathways. These derivatives also exhibit noteworthy antioxidant properties. Objectives This study aims to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate the antioxidant and anticancer activities of 18 novel carbazole derivatives. Methods The radical scavenging capabilities of the compounds were assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. Antiproliferative activities were evaluated on MCF-7 cancer cell lines through viability assays. Additionally, the modulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, apoptosis/necrosis induction, and cell cycle analysis were conducted for the most promising anticancer agents. Results nine compounds showed potent antioxidant activities with IC50 values lower than the positive control acarbose, with compounds 4 h and 4y exhibiting the highest potency (IC50 values of 0.73 and 0.38 µM, respectively). Furthermore, compounds 4o and 4r displayed significant anticancer effects, with IC50 values of 2.02 and 4.99 µM, respectively. Compound 4o, in particular, exhibited promising activity by targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, inhibiting tumor survival, inducing apoptosis, and causing cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 cell lines. Furthermore, compound 4o was showed significant antimicrobial activities against S. aureus and E. coli, and antifungal effect against C. albicans. Its potential to overcome drug resistance through this pathway inhibition highlights its promise as an anticancer agent. Molecular docking simulations supported these findings, revealing favorable binding profiles and interactions within the active sites of the enzymes PI3K, AKT1, and mTOR. Moreover, assessing the druggability of the newly synthesized thiosemicarbazide derivatives demonstrated optimal physicochemical properties, further endorsing their potential as drug candidates.

Abstract Stroke triggers a systemic inflammatory response over the ensuing days after the cerebral insult. The age and comorbidities of the stroke population make them a vulnerable population for low muscle mass and sarcopenia, the latter being another clinical condition that is closely associated with inflammation, as shown by increased levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). In this study, we evaluated the relationship between post-stroke NLR changes and muscle mass in a prospective cohort of acute ischemic stroke patients (n = 102) enrolled in the Muscle Assessment in Stroke Study Turkey (MASS-TR). Admission lumbar computed tomography images were used to determine the cross-sectional muscle area of skeletal muscles at L3 vertebra level and calculate the skeletal muscle index (SMI). The median (IQR) SMI was 44.7 (39.1–52.5) cm2/m2, and the NLR at admission and follow-up were 4.2 (3.0–10.5) and 9.4 (5.7–16.2), respectively. While there was no relationship between SMI and admission NLR, a significant inverse correlation was observed between SMI and follow-up NLR (r = − 0.26; P = 0.007). Lower SMI remained significantly associated (P = 0.036) with higher follow-up NLR levels in multivariate analysis. Our findings highlight the importance of muscle mass as a novel factor related to the level of post-stroke stress response.

Fransa’nın devrimci ve radikal geçmişiyle kontrast oluşturan ılımlı liberal geleneği, çeşitli alanlardaki akademik çalışmalarıyla üstlenen Raymond Aron, XX. yüzyılın önemli Fransız liberal entelektüellerinden biri olarak dikkatleri üzerine çekmektedir. Sosyoloji başta olmak üzere politika, tarih, felsefe ve uluslararası ilişkiler gibi oldukça derin ve geniş bir yelpaze içerisinde entelektüel zenginliğe sahip olan Aron’un düşünce dünyasına politika felsefesi üzerinden projeksiyon tutmayı amaçlayan bu çalışma, aynı zamanda çift katmanlı bir gayeyi de mahiyetinde barındırmaktadır. Politika felsefesi bağlamında, tarihin deterministik açımlamasına yönelik eleştirileriyle olumsallığın, bireylerin eylemlerindeki özgürlüğün ve politikanın özerkliğinin imkanını açığa çıkaran Aron, aksinin toplumsal ve politik çoğulculuğu tahrip eden totalitarizme nasıl kaynaklık ettiğini derinlemesine analiz etmektedir. Seküler dinler olarak karakterize ettiği ilgili ideolojik yaklaşımın, indirgeyici ve tek boyutlu anlam dünyasına alternatif olarak sunduğu anayasal-çoğulcu rejimler, onun Tocquevilleci geleneğin (negatif-pozitif özgürlüğün kabulü, politikanın önceliği, ılımlılık ve sağduyu) devamlılığını sağladığının kavramsal boyutunu kanıtlar bir niteliğe sahiptir. Çalışmanın ikinci katmanı ise bir ön kabulün reddiyesi niteliğindedir. Aron, sanayi toplumuyla birlikte ortaya çıkan zihniyet değişiminin yansımalarına yönelik sosyolojik analizlerini, tüm bu değişimlerin içerisindeki değişmeyen öze yönelik felsefi sorgulamalarla sentezlemesi entelektüel konumunun anlaşılması adına değerlidir. Çünkü, Kıta Avrupası’nın felsefesi düşünce mirasının bir mensubu olarak siyaset sosyolojisinde Anglo-Amerikan merkezli yaklaşımların felsefesi köklerini ve derinliğini yitirdiği eleştirisinin yoğun olduğu bir çağda, her iki geleneği de uhdesinde barınmasın açısından seçkin bir yere sahiptir.

Time-Lapse Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) was employed to study used engine oil (UEO) contamination of sandy environment in laboratory setting. GPR is a near-surface geophysical method that uses electromagnetic field to provide image of the dielectric properties of earth materials to detect structures and changes in material properties within the subsurface. This research aimed to detect, monitor and map the migration of UEO contaminant in sand. The results of this study revealed that the migration of the UEO contamination in homogeneously laid sand is non-uniform. UEO plumes were identified as high amplitude signals with enhanced reflectivity. There was a progressive decrease in GPR signal amplitudes (reflection reduction) within the contaminated area of the tank with time. This decrease of GPR signal amplitudes was interpreted as caused by the evaporation of some portion of the UEO in the vadose zone as a result of temperature increase in time and also due to the occurrence of UEO biodegradation. The time-lapse GPR proved to be an effective technique for detecting, monitoring, and mapping UEO migration within sand tank in laboratory setting.

The use of machine learning in real estate is quite new. When the working area is large, the factors affecting the price may vary according to the geographical regions and socioeconomic factors. It is thought that the price prediction performance of a model that will reflect these differences will be more successful than a general model. Unsupervised learning methods can be used both to increase performance and to show the variation of different factors affecting the price according to regions. With this aim, a hybrid model of X-Means clustering and CART decision trees was established in this study. This model successfully learned the geographical and physical variables that affect the price. The prediction performance of the model was compared with the direct capitalization method, which is the gold standard in the domain. The hybrid model has a superior performance over direct capitalization in terms of mean square error, root mean square error and adjusted R-Squared metrics. The scores were 72.86, 0.0057 and 0.978, respectively. The effect of clustering was also examined. Clustering increased the prediction performance by 36%.

Precise control of the optical and electrical properties of mono-layer (ML) thin MoS2 is crucial for future applications in functional devices. Depending on the synthesis route and the post-deposition annealing protocols, the number of sulfur vacancies in the material is different, which has a profound impact on the properties of the 2D layer. Here, we show that the sulfur vacancy-rich ML MoS2 films oxidize already at room temperature, which changes the photoluminescence (PL) yield, the MoS2–Al2O3 substrate interaction, and the structural integrity of the films. We used x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to monitor the formation of MoO3 and possibly MoS3−xOx after exposure to air and to quantify the number of sulfur defects in the films. Atomic force microscopy measurements allow us to pinpoint the exact regions of oxidation and develop a dedicated low temperature heating procedure to remove oxidized species, leading to MoO3-free MoS2 films. AFM and Kelvin probe force microscopy show that the MoS2–Al2O3 substrate coupling is changed. The reduction in the MoS2–substrate coupling, combined with a preferential oxidation of sulfur vacancies, leads to a sevenfold increase in the PL intensity, and the ratio between trions and neutral excitons is changed. Our work highlights the importance of oxidized sulfur vacancies and provides useful methods to measure and manipulate their number in MoS2. Furthermore, changes in the MoS2–substrate interaction via sulfur vacancies and oxidation offer an elegant pathway to tune the optoelectronic properties of the two-dimensional films.

This paper presents methods for vehicle state estimation and prediction for autonomous driving. A round intersection is chosen for application of the methods and to illustrate the results as autonomous vehicles have difficulty in handling round intersections. State estimation based on the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is presented in the paper and then applied to state estimation of vehicles in a round intersection. The microscopic traffic simulator SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility) is used to generate realistic traffic in the round intersection for the simulation experiments. Change point detection-based driving behavior prediction using a multipolicy approach is then introduced and evaluated for the round intersection. Finally, these methods are combined for vehicle trajectory estimation based on UKF and policy prediction and demonstrated using the round intersection.

Amaç: Sağlık hizmetlerinde Toplam Kalite Yönetimi (TKY) ve Tedarik Zinciri Yönetim (TZY) süreçlerine dayalı bütünleştirici bir sistem, sağlık hizmetlerinin tüm süreçlerinin verimli bir şekilde ilerlemesine yardımcı olabilir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda bu çalışma, TKY’nin TZY üzerindeki etkisini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yöntem: Bu amaca ilişkin veri toplama aracı olarak anket yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini İstanbul ilinde faaliyet gösteren özel hastanelerde görev yapan sağlık çalışanları oluşturmaktadır. Kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle 211 veri elde edilmiştir. Bu araştırmada elde edilen veriler SPSS for Windows 22.00 ve AMOS 24.0 programı yardımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Değişkenler arasındaki farklılaşma ve ilişkiler yapısal eşitlik modeli ile ortaya konulmuştur. Bulgular: Bu araştırma sonucunda TKY’nin TZY ve alt boyutlarına, anlamlı ve pozitif yönde etkisi olduğu görülmüştür. TKY uygulamaları TZY’nin etkinliğini artırabilir. Ayrıca TKY’nin, TZY’ni oluşturan talep ve sipariş, planlama, satın alma, stok yönetimi, depo yönetimi, sevkiyat ve dağıtım, tedarikçilerle ilişkiler boyutlarında etkinliğini artırdığı görülmüştür. Özgünlük: Akademik literatürde sağlık kurumlarında TKY’nin TZY üzerinde etkisini inceleyen çalışmaların yeterli olmaması sebebi ile bu çalışma bir özgünlük sağlamaktadır.

The transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes commonly occurs via vertical and horizontal gene transfer, as such genes are often found on the same mobile genetic element. This occurrence can lead to the co-selection of resistance to antimicrobials without their application. Dairy cattle located in the south-western United States were enrolled in a matched-pair longitudinal study to evaluate the effects of a two-dose ceftiofur treatment for metritis on levels of third-generation cephalosporin resistance among faecal Escherichia coli temporally. Escherichia coli chosen for further investigation were isolated on selective media, harboured extended-spectrum beta-lactam, fluoroquinolone and macrolide resistance genes. This combination has previously been unreported; importantly, it included genes encoding for resistance to antibiotics that can only be used in dairy cattle less than 20 months of age. Fluoroquinolones, macrolides and third and higher generation cephalosporins are considered critically important and highest priority for human medicine by the World Health Organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaç: Bu çalışma Türkiye ekonomisinde 1971-2019 yıllarını kapsayan dönem için ekonomik büyüme ile toplam faktör verimliliği arasındaki ilişkiyi zaman serisi analiz yöntemleriyle araştırmaktadır.Yöntem: Birim kök test sonuçlarına göre durağan olmayan değişkenler arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişkiler ARDL sınır testi yaklaşımıyla incelenmektedir. Ayrıca çalışmada seriler arasındaki dinamik ilişkiler Toda-Yamamoto (1995) nedensellik testiyle sınanmaktadır. Bulgular: Eş bütünleşme test sonucuna göre değişkenlerin uzun dönemde eş bütünleşik olduğu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Uzun dönem katsayı sonuçlarına göre Türkiye ekonomisinde toplam faktör verimliliğindeki %1’lik artış büyümeyi %3 oranında arttırmaktadır. Nedensellik test sonuçları toplam faktör verimliliğinden büyümeye doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisini ortaya koymaktadır. Bulgular Türkiye ekonomisinde incelen dönem için toplam faktör verimliliğinin ekonomik büyüme üzerinde olumlu etkilerinin olduğunu göstermektedir. Özgünlük: İncelenen dönemde ortaya çıkan ekonomik ve politik krizlerin oluşturduğu yapısal kırılmalar, bu kırılmaları modelleyen ekonomik yöntemlerle incelenmiştir. Çalışma Türkiye ekonomisinde büyüme ve toplam faktör verimliliği arasındaki dinamik ilişkileri kapsamlı bir şekilde ele alarak literatüre katkı vermesi beklenmektedir.

Objective: Nutritional status assessment, dysphagia evaluation and enteral feeding decision are important determinants of prognosis in acute neurovascular diseases. Materials and Methods: NöroTek is a point prevalence study conducted with the participation of 87 hospitals spread across all health sub regions of Turkey conducted on 10-May-2018 (World Stroke Awareness Day). A total of 972 hospitalized neurovascular patients [female: 53%, age: 69+-14; acute ischemic stroke in 845; intracerebral hematoma (ICH) in 119 and post-resuscitation encephalopathy (PRE) in 8] with complete data were included in this sub-study. Results: Gastrostomy was inserted in 10.7% of the patients with ischemic stroke, 10.1% of the patients with ICH and in 50% of the patients with PRE. Independent predictors of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) administration were The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at admission [exp (β): 1.09 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-1.14, per point] in ischemic stroke; and mechanical ventilation in ischemic [exp (β): 6.18 (95% CI: 3.16-12.09)] and hemorrhagic strokes [exp (β): 26.48 (95% CI: 1.36-515.8)]. PEG was found to be a significant negative indicator of favorable (modified Rankin's scale score 0-2) functional outcome [exp (β): 0.032 (95% CI: 0.004-0.251)] but not of in-hospital mortality [exp (β): 1.731 (95% CI: 0.785-3.829)]. Nutritional and swallowing assessments were performed in approximately two-thirds of patients. Of the nutritional assessments 69% and 76% of dysphagia assessments were completed within the first 2 days. Tube feeding was performed in 39% of the patients. In 83.5% of them, tube was inserted in the first 2 days; 28% of the patients with feeding tube had PEG later. Conclusion: The NöroTek study provided the first reliable and large-scale data on key quality metrics of nutrition practice in acute stroke in Turkey. In terms of being economical and accurate it makes sense to use the point prevalence method.

In this paper, a comprehensive deterministic Eco-Driving strategy for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) is presented. In this setup, multiple driving modes calculate speed profiles that are ideal for their own set of constraints simultaneously to save fuel as much as possible, while a High-Level (HL) controller ensures smooth and safe transitions between the driving modes for Eco-Driving. This Eco-Driving deterministic controller for an ego CAV was equipped with Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) algorithms. This comprehensive Eco-Driving strategy and its individual components were tested by using simulations to quantify the fuel economy performance. Simulation results are used to show that the HL controller ensures significant fuel economy improvement as compared to baseline driving modes with no collisions between the ego CAV and traffic vehicles, while the driving mode of the ego CAV was set correctly under changing constraints. For the microscopic traffic simulations, a 6.41% fuel economy improvement was observed for the CAV that was controlled by this comprehensive Eco-Driving strategy.

Abstract Historical meteorological datasets are indispensable for forming climatic models and the generation of weather forecasts. Such data are core to the training phase of prediction models and may also be harnessed for hydrological and environmental models. GRIB is the most common data format used in meteorology and represents the de facto standard for storing historical weather data. However, GRIB datasets are complex and do not constitute analysis‐ready data without additional preprocessing. The MÉRA dataset of the Met Eireann, the Irish meteorological service, is archetypical of such datasets, emerging from a high‐resolution climatic reanalysis of Irish weather data between 1981 and 2019. This article describes the MÉRA Data Extractor toolkit. This toolkit enables the intuitive, fast extraction and preprocessing of data from this extensive dataset. The toolkit is available as open source and will be of interest to those researching climate modelling in Europe.

Abstract Micropatterning of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) ultrathin-films and monolayers has been demonstrated by various multi-step approaches. However, directly achieving a patterned growth of TMDC films is still considered to be challenging. Here, we report a solution-based approach for the synthesis of patterned MoS2 layers by dragging a precursor solution droplet with variable velocities across a substrate. Utilizing the pronounced shearing velocity dependence in a Landau-Levich deposition regime, MoS2 films with a spatially modulated thickness with alternating mono/bi- and few-layer regions are obtained after precursor annealing. Generally, the presented facile methodology allows for the direct preparation of micro-structured functional materials, extendable to other TMDC materials and even van der Waals heterostructures.

Bu araştırmada Wong ve Hodgins (2013) tarafından geliştirilen Yetişkin Oyun Bağımlılığı Ölçeği’nin Türk kültürüne uyarlanması, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmalarının yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Analizler 509 kişilik bir veri seti üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Ölçeğin geçerlik çalışmaları için birinci ve ikinci düzey doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmış, ayrıca uyum geçerliği bakımından benzer bir ölçekle gösterdiği korelasyon değerleri incelenmiştir. Yapılan birinci düzey doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda; χ2 /sd = 3,01; RMSEA=0,063; CFI=0,97; NFI=0,95; IFI=0,97; RFI=0,95; GFI=0,86; AGFI=0,84; SRMR=0,055; ikinci düzey doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda ise χ2=1466,23; sd=428; χ2 /sd=3,43; RMSEA=0,069; CFI=0,96; IFI=0,96; RFI=0,94; NFI=0,95; SRMR=0,060 gibi uyum indeksleri elde edilmiştir. Uyum geçerliği için Dijital Oyun Bağımlılığı Ölçeği – Kısa Formu ile elde edilen verilerle gösterdiği korelasyon incelenmiştir. Elde edilen korelasyon değerlerinin alt boyutlar için .44 ile .67 arasında olduğu, ölçeğin tümü için ise bu değerin .75 olduğu görülmüştür. Ölçeğin güvenirlik çalışmaları kapsamında Cronbach alfa değerleri hesaplanmış ve alt boyutlar için bu değerin .65 ile .86 arasında değiştiği, ölçeğin geneli için ise .92 olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca ölçeğin bileşik güvenirlik değerleri hesaplanmış ve bu değerlerin alt ölçekler için .66 ile .87 arasında; ölçeğin geneli için ise .94 olduğu görülmüştür. Güvenirlik çalışmaları kapsamında ölçekte yer alan maddelerin ayırt edicilik düzeylerini belirlemek ve toplam puanı yordama gücünü saptamak amacıyla düzeltilmiş madde-toplam test korelasyonu (rjx) hesaplanmış ve %27’lik alt-üst gruplar, bağımsız gruplar t testi ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu işlem sonucunda % 27’lik alt (n=137) ve üst (n=137) grupların madde puanlarındaki farklara ilişkin t değerlerinin 6,90 ile 21,51 arasında (sd=272; p

The current approach to connected and autonomous driving function development and evaluation uses model-in-the-loop simulation, hardware-in-the-loop simulation and limited proving ground use, followed by public road deployment of the beta version of software and technology. The rest of the road users are involuntarily forced into taking part in the development and evaluation of these connected and autonomous driving functions in this approach. This is an unsafe, costly and inefficient method. Motivated by these shortcomings, this paper introduces the Vehicle-in-Virtual-Environment (VVE) method of safe, efficient and low-cost connected and autonomous driving function development, evaluation and demonstration. The VVE method is compared to the existing state-of-the-art. Its basic implementation for a path-following task is used to explain the method where the actual autonomous vehicle operates in a large empty area with its sensor feeds being replaced by realistic sensor feeds corresponding to its location and pose in the virtual environment. It is possible to easily change the development virtual environment and inject rare and difficult events which can be tested very safely. Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P) communication-based pedestrian safety is chosen as the application use case for the VVE in this paper, and corresponding experimental results are presented and discussed. A no-line-of-sight pedestrian and vehicle moving towards each other on intersecting paths with different speeds are used in the experiments. Their time-to-collision risk zone values are compared for determining severity levels. The severity levels are used to slow down or brake the vehicle. The results show that V2P communication of pedestrian location and heading can be used successfully to avoid possible collisions. It is noted that actual pedestrians and other vulnerable road users can be used very safely in this approach.

This paper presents a multi-objective digital PID controller design method using the parameter space approach of robust control. Absolute stability is treated first by finding the digital PID controller gain parameter space corresponding to closed loop poles being inside the unit circle. Additionally, phase margin, gain margin and a mixed sensitivity bound are treated as frequency domain constraints. Determination of digital PID controller parameter space regions satisfying these constraints is presented. All of these regions are superimposed to obtain a multi-objective digital PID controller gain parameter space solution region. The path following controller design of an automated driving vehicle is used as an example to illustrate the method. This multi-objective parameter space design approach can be extended to other digital controller forms also.

Petrol ihracatçısı ülkelerde; petrol fiyatlarındaki beklenmedik artış, ihracat gelirlerinde önemli bir yükselişe neden olmaktadır. İhracat gelirlerindeki doğal kaynağa bağlı bu yükseliş ülkeye giren dövizi artırmakta ve yerel para birimin değerinde istenmeyen bir artışa neden olabilmektedir. Bu değerlenme ülkenin ekonomik performansını olumsuz etkileyebilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı petrol fiyatlarındaki değişimin, Rusya’nın para ve maliye politikaları üzerine direk etkisi olduğu bilinen döviz kuru kanalının kontrol edilmesi varsayımı altında petrol fiyatlarındaki değişimin ekonomik performans üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 1994-2018 yılları arası üçer aylık veriler ile Bernanke, Gertler ve Watson’un (1997) önerdiği modifiye Vektör Otoregresif model kullanılmaktadır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, rublenin aşırı değer kazanması engellendiğinde; petrol fiyatlarındaki beklenmedik artışın faiz oranını dalgalı kurun benimsendiği durumdan daha fazla düşürdüğü görülmektedir. Fiyatlar ise, dalgalı kurun benimsendiği durumdan başlangıçta daha yüksek olsa da ilerleyen dönemlerde daha düşük fiyatlarla sonuçlanmaktadır.

Abstract A parameter‐space‐based robust platooning controller for the event‐triggered heterogeneous platoon is presented. The novel heterogeneous platoon is established with different longitudinal vehicle dynamic and driving preferences and the event‐triggered communication scheme is designed to reduce the utilization of communication resources. To handle the stricter demand of the heterogeneous system and the disturbance caused by event‐triggered communication scheme, the parameter space approach is adopted to optimize the gains of a robust controller. The feasible region where internal stability and L2 string stability are satisfied is then visualized in the parameters space, by extending the parameter space approach to the D‐stability and frequency response magnitude specifications. Subsequently, the robust controller, which combines the feedforward loop and feedback loop, is developed by selecting the gain from the feasible solution area. The simulation results of the event‐triggered heterogeneous platoon are presented and evaluated to verify the efficiency of this control algorithm. It is seen that the internal stability and string stability of the event‐triggered heterogeneous platoon are guaranteed by this robust controller. Furthermore, 89.7% of communication resources are saved by the application of event‐triggered communication scheme, while the following performance is also favourable during the highway fuel economy cycle.

Accurate and reliable real-time urban traffic management can benefit urban citizens’ daily life by reducing stress, travel time and carbon footprint. The provision of reliable and accurate traffic information has however proven to be a major challenge in intelligent transportation systems. Citizens carrying smartphones can be exploited as an important provider of traffic information and the mobile crowd sensing paradigm can be used as a solution to this challenge. In this paper, an urban traffic monitoring system which exploits the power of participatory sensing and cloud messaging is proposed. Crowd intelligence which is used to estimate traffic congestion levels, arrival times, while average road speed is harvested from crowd sensed data. Traffic congestion control at route level is implemented with a route guidance system. Proactive warnings or recommendations to drivers in the vicinity of, or on the route to, reported events are provided. The drivers can also report short-term traffic events and physical road conditions for road monitoring. Real-world experiments have been conducted with a prototype implementation and the results demonstrate both system feasibility and traffic estimation accuracy.

Objective:To determine the clinical characteristics of patients with cystic echinococcosis and the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches used.Methods:This is a multicentre, retrospective study. Patients from six centres who were diagnosed with hydatid cysts in the last five years were evaluated.Results:The mean age was 45.4±17.4 years, and 54.7% were female. The most common complaints were abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, and the most common physical examination finding was abdominal tenderness. Most patients were diagnosed within 2-6 months. Anaemia and eosinophilia were the most common laboratory findings. The liver was the most commonly involved organ (n=153, 90%). One hundred twenty-five (73.5%) patients underwent ultrasonography. The largest cyst was present in the liver at stage four, and its diameter was 160x170 mm. The rates of the negative, grey zone and positive results were 9.4%, 8.8% and 81.8%. Surgery was more common (n=72, 42.4%) than puncture, aspiration, injection, and re-aspiration treatments (n=14, 8.2%). Of the 47 patients who had a recurrence, 22 (46.8%) had a history of hydatid cyst treatment.Conclusion:Hydatid disease, which is endemic in our country, is diagnosed at a late stage. In terms of disease diagnosis, serological tests may be misleading. It was not possible to compare the success rates according to the treatment choices because of the lack of randomisation of stages and sizes of the lesions.

It is necessary to know the different properties of the wood material belonging to each tree species to be able to use it correctly and efficiently. This study was carried out to investigate the evaluation possibilities of persian silk (Albizia julibrissin) wood in UV system parquet industry. UV system parquet varnishes were applied to persian silk wood in 3 and 5 layers in a parquet factory according to industrial applications. The materials obtained later were exposed to accelerated UV aging processes using UVA-340 lamps for 252 and 504 hours. Color parameters (L*, a* and b*), glossiness values, könig pendulum hardness and surface adhesion resistance (MPa) tests were carried out before and after aging. It has been observed that these tests change with aging. As a result, persian silk (Albizia julibrissin) wood can be used in the parquet industry.

Online alışveriş sektörü üzerinde yapılan bu araştırmada lojistik hizmet kalitesi, müşteri güveni, müşteri memnuniyeti ve müşteri vatandaşlık davranışı arasındaki ilişkiler ele alınmıştır. Araştırmada lojistik hizmet kalitesinin müşteri güveni aracılığıyla müşteri memnuniyeti üzerindeki etkisine bakılmıştır. Çalışmada ayrıca müşteri memnuniyeti aracılığıyla lojistik hizmet kalitesinin müşteri vatandaşlık davranışı üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Literatürde değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri ele alan araştırmalar incelenerek araştırma modeli ve hipotezler oluşturulmuştur. Araştırma verilerinin elde edilmesinde anket tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır. Online anket formu ile elde edilen 575 tüketici anketi analize tabi tutulmuştur. Araştırma verilerinin analizinde SPSS ve AMOS paket programları kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda elde edilen bulgular ise şu şekildedir: Online alışverişlerde lojistik hizmet kalitesinin artmasıyla müşteri güveninin ve memnuniyetinin arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Müşteri güveninin müşteri memnuniyeti üzerindeki etkisinin ise olumlu yönde ve anlamlı düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür. Müşteri memnuniyetinin de müşteri vatandaşlık davranışını olumlu yönde ve anlamlı düzeyde etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca lojistik hizmet kalitesinin müşteri memnuniyeti üzerindeki etkisinde müşteri güveninin kısmi aracı rol üstlendiği bulgusu elde edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bir diğer bulgusu ise lojistik hizmet kalitesinin müşteri vatandaşlık davranışı üzerindeki etkisinde müşteri memnuniyetinin tam aracı rol üstlenmiş olmasıdır.

In the research of cooperative adaptive cruise control, the coupling relationship between the communication delay, the following time headway, and the string stability leads to a stringent limit on the minimum allowable following time headway. To deal with this limitation, this paper proposes the Disturbance Observer-Smith Predictor Compensation (DOB-SPC)-based Master-Slave architecture. The SPC is adopted to move the communication delays and actuator delays outside the feedback loop in the Master-Slave architecture. It theoretically realizes decoupling when parameters are estimated accurately and achieves zero-headway-string-stability for arbitrary values of communication delay. Subsequently, the robust performance of SPC with estimation deviation of vehicle model dynamic lag, actuator delay, and communication delay in practical application is discussed through the changing trend of the minimum string-stable time headway. To alleviate this problem, the DOB is designed to compensate for the interference caused by the perturbation of vehicle dynamic parameters and improve the estimation accuracy. The simulation results of a four-vehicular platoon show that the string stability and following accuracy are fully guaranteed by applying the proposed strategy, even with smaller headway in the presence of estimation deviation.

Connectivity between ground vehicles can be utilized and expanded to include aerial vehicles for coordinated missions. Using Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication technologies, a communication link can be established between Connected and Autonomous vehicles (CAVs) and Unmanned Aerial vehicles (UAVs). Hardware implementation and testing of a ground-to-air communication link are crucial for real-life applications. In this paper, the V2X communication and coordinated mission of a CAV & UAV are presented. Four methods were utilized to establish communication between the hardware and software components, namely Dedicated Short Range communication (DSRC), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), 4G internet-based WebSocket and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). These communication links were used together for a real-life use case scenario called Quick Clear demonstration. In this scenario, the first aim was to send the accident location information from the CAV to the UAV through DSRC communication. On the UAV side, the wired connection between the DSRC modem and Raspberry Pi companion computer was established through UDP to get the accident location from CAV to the companion computer. Raspberry Pi first connected to a traffic contingency management system (CMP) through TCP to send CAV and UAV location, as well as the accident location, information to the CMP. Raspberry Pi also utilized WebSocket communication to connect to a web server to send photos that were taken by the camera that was mounted on the UAV. The Quick Clear demonstration scenario was tested for both a stationary test and dynamic flight cases. The latency results show satisfactory performance in the data transfer speed between test components with UDP having the least latency. The package drop percentage analysis shows that the DSRC communication showed the best performance among the four methods studied here. All in all, the outcome of this experimentation study shows that this communication structure can be utilized for real-life scenarios for successful implementation.

Ride-hailed shared autonomous vehicles (SAV) have emerged recently as an economically feasible way of introducing autonomous driving technologies while serving the mobility needs of under-served communities. There has also been corresponding research work on optimization of the operation of these SAVs. However, the current state-of-the-art research in this area treats very simple networks, neglecting the effect of a realistic other traffic representation, and is not useful for planning deployments of SAV service. In contrast, this paper utilizes a recent autonomous shuttle deployment site in Columbus, Ohio, as a basis for mobility studies and the optimization of SAV fleet deployment. Furthermore, this paper creates an SAV dispatcher based on reinforcement learning (RL) to minimize passenger wait time and to maximize the number of passengers served. The created taxi-dispatcher is then simulated in a realistic scenario while avoiding generalization or over-fitting to the area. It is found that an RL-aided taxi dispatcher algorithm can greatly improve the performance of a deployment of SAVs by increasing the overall number of trips completed and passengers served while decreasing the wait time for passengers.

Gana’daki Twifo - Hemang Aşağı Denkyira Bölgeleri’nde yeraltı sularının araştırılması için Elektromanyetik Profil (EM) ve Düşey Elektrik Sondaj (DES) çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Bu iki jeofizik yöntem, Achiase, Mbaa Mpe Hia Kasabası ve Moseaso Kasabasının altındaki yeraltı suyu potansiyellerini araştırmak için kullanılmıştır. Bu makalede, lineer grafikler kullanarak olağan niteliksel yorumlama yöntemi yerine elektromanyetik verileri yorumlamak için inversiyon kullanımını ve ayrıca 1D inversiyon sonuçlarının yorumlanmasını desteklemek için 2D direnç haritaları olarak görünür direnç haritalarının kullanılmasını amaçlamaktadır. Bu teknikler elde edilen sonuçların geliştirilmesine yardımcı olur, belirsizliği azaltır ve karar vermede yardımcı olur. EM sonuçları şunu ortaya koymuştur: Her üç topluluğun altında iki katman bulunur, birinci katman 2 ile 10 m arasında bir kalınlık aralığına sahiptir ve ikinci katman yarım sonsuz olarak kabul edilmiştir. VES çalışmalarından elde edilen sonuçlar; Achiase Topluluğu ve Mbaa Mpe Hia No. 2 topluluğunun altında üç jeoelektrik katman ve Moseaso Topluluğu’nun altında dört jeoelektrik katman bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma temelinde, Moseaso Topluluğu, Achiase topluluğunun ve son olarak Mbaa Mpe Hia No.2 Topluluğu yeraltı suyu bakımından en yüksek potansiyele sahiptir. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar ışığında su temini için bazı sondaj lokasyonları önerilmiştir.

It is well known that alternative food additives are being researched following the prohibition of the addition of antibiotics to poultry feed as growth factors. Recently, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been considered as alternatives to antibiotics. AMPs, produced by bacteria, insects, amphibians and mammals, as well as by chemical synthesis. In particular, their natural antimicrobial properties and their low tendency to create resistance in micro-organisms suggest that they might be a good alternative to antibiotics. They are not only effective against bacteria, but are also known to be effective against fungi and viruses. In studies on pigs and broiler chickens, they have been shown to be beneficial effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, the immune system, intestinal morphology and gut microbiota. Antimicrobial peptides are small biological molecules formed from 12-60 amino acids. AMPs have been reported to kill bacteria, in particular those showing resistance to multiple antibiotics. AMPs block the development of harmful bacteria while encouraging the growth of beneficial bacteria. For instance, it has been reported that sublancin reduces the Clostridium perfringens count while increasing the numbers of Lactobacilli. Furthermore, they have been proved to have a strong effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Some of the AMPs used in broiler chicken feeding are sublancin, secropin, magainin, nisin and defensin. These peptides can be used by adding them to feed or to drinking water. This review has attempted to find an answer to the question of whether AMPs added to the feed of broiler chickens can be an alternative to antibiotics by examining previous studies.

Zaman gecikmesi kontrol sistemleri tasarımında dikkate alınması gereken sistemin performansını azaltan ve en kötü durumda da sistemi kararsız yapan etkenlerden birisidir. Zaman gecikmesi telafisi için literatürde pek çok yöntem önerilmiştir. Bunlardan en yaygın olarak kullanılanı Smith tahmincisidir. Smith tahmincisi kolaylıkla uygulanabilse de tahmincinin kullandığı zaman gecikmesi modeli ile sistemdeki gerçek zaman gecikmesi farklılaştıkça gecikme telafisi performansı düşmektedir. Bu metodun alternatifi olarak zaman gecikmesi gözleyicisi önerilmiş ve literatürde daha önce bilateral teleoperasyon sistemlerine, robotik manipülatörlere ve iletişim ağı tabanlı yürüyüş şekli rehabilitasyon cihazlarına uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışmada ise zaman gecikmesi gözleyicisinin taşıt savrulma dinamiği kontrolüne uygulanması ele alınmıştır. Zaman gecikmesi gözleyicisinin performansı zamanla değişen gecikmeler için çeşitli simülasyon çalışmalarıyla test edilmiş, ayrıca sonuçlar Smith tahmincisiyle karşılaştırılmıştır.

Bu çalışma kapsamında Samsun Sahilleri’nden toplanan midye kabukları kullanılarak, bu kabukların sentetik olarak hazırlanmış atıksulardan kurşun ve nikel gibi ağır metalleri giderme kapasitesi araştırılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalarda, midye kabukları iki ayrı şekilde kullanılmıştır. Bunlardan ilkinde, ham midye kabukları sadece öğütülmüştür. Diğerinde ise, kabuklar öğütüldükten sonra sülfürik asit kullanılarak ön arıtımdan geçirilmiştir. Deneysel çalışmalarda pH, zaman, midye kabuğu miktarı gibi çeşitli değişkenler kullanılarak midye kabuklarının ağır metal giderim potansiyeli incelenmiştir. Çalışmalar 25 °C sabit sıcaklık ve 150 devir/dk. çalkalama hızında yürütülmüştür. Deneylerde kullanılan midye kabuğu boyutu 45-125 µm olarak seçilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmalar neticesinde elde edilen sonuçlara göre, ham olarak kullanılan midye kabuklarıyla yapılan deneylerde, arıtım sonrası pH değerleri dikkate alınarak, kimyasal çöktürme mekanizmasının hâkim mekanizma olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Ön arıtımlı (asitle muamele edilmiş) midye kabuklarının arıtım performansı incelendiğinde ise, meydana gelen arıtım mekanizmasının adsorpsiyonu temsil ettiği anlaşılmıştır. Ham midye kabukları kullanılarak, kurşun ve nikel iyonu konsantrasyonları yaklaşık olarak 100 mg/L’den sırasıyla en düşük 3.9 mg/L ve 73.62 mg/L’ye indirilmiştir. Ön arıtımlı midye kabukları ile yapılan çalışmalarda ise sadece kurşun giderimi araştırılmış ve yaklaşık 100 mg/L olan başlangıç konsantrasyonu pH 2’de 9.22 mg/L’ye düşürülmüştür. Ön arıtımlı midye kabukları için adsorbent tutma kapasitesi (q) 0.4 g/L midye kabuğu dozajında 244.74 mg/g olarak bulunmuştur.

Bu çalışma kapsamında Samsun Sahilleri’nden toplanan midye kabukları kullanılarak, bu kabukların sentetik olarak hazırlanmış atıksulardan kurşun ve nikel gibi ağır metalleri giderme kapasitesi araştırılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalarda, midye kabukları iki ayrı şekilde kullanılmıştır. Bunlardan ilkinde, ham midye kabukları sadece öğütülmüştür. Diğerinde ise, kabuklar öğütüldükten sonra sülfürik asit kullanılarak ön arıtımdan geçirilmiştir. Deneysel çalışmalarda pH, zaman, midye kabuğu miktarı gibi çeşitli değişkenler kullanılarak midye kabuklarının ağır metal giderim potansiyeli incelenmiştir. Çalışmalar 25 °C sabit sıcaklık ve 150 devir/dk. çalkalama hızında yürütülmüştür. Deneylerde kullanılan midye kabuğu boyutu 45-125 µm olarak seçilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmalar neticesinde elde edilen sonuçlara göre, ham olarak kullanılan midye kabuklarıyla yapılan deneylerde, arıtım sonrası pH değerleri dikkate alınarak, kimyasal çöktürme mekanizmasının hâkim mekanizma olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Ön arıtımlı (asitle muamele edilmiş) midye kabuklarının arıtım performansı incelendiğinde ise, meydana gelen arıtım mekanizmasının adsorpsiyonu temsil ettiği anlaşılmıştır. Ham midye kabukları kullanılarak, kurşun ve nikel iyonu konsantrasyonları yaklaşık olarak 100 mg/L’den sırasıyla en düşük 3.9 mg/L ve 73.62 mg/L’ye indirilmiştir. Ön arıtımlı midye kabukları ile yapılan çalışmalarda ise sadece kurşun giderimi araştırılmış ve yaklaşık 100 mg/L olan başlangıç konsantrasyonu pH 2’de 9.22 mg/L’ye düşürülmüştür. Ön arıtımlı midye kabukları için adsorbent tutma kapasitesi (q) 0.4 g/L midye kabuğu dozajında 244.74 mg/g olarak bulunmuştur.

Zaman gecikmesi kontrol sistemleri tasarımında dikkate alınması gereken sistemin performansını azaltan ve en kötü durumda da sistemi kararsız yapan etkenlerden birisidir. Zaman gecikmesi telafisi için literatürde pek çok yöntem önerilmiştir. Bunlardan en yaygın olarak kullanılanı Smith tahmincisidir. Smith tahmincisi kolaylıkla uygulanabilse de tahmincinin kullandığı zaman gecikmesi modeli ile sistemdeki gerçek zaman gecikmesi farklılaştıkça gecikme telafisi performansı düşmektedir. Bu metodun alternatifi olarak zaman gecikmesi gözleyicisi önerilmiş ve literatürde daha önce bilateral teleoperasyon sistemlerine, robotik manipülatörlere ve iletişim ağı tabanlı yürüyüş şekli rehabilitasyon cihazlarına uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışmada ise zaman gecikmesi gözleyicisinin taşıt savrulma dinamiği kontrolüne uygulanması ele alınmıştır. Zaman gecikmesi gözleyicisinin performansı zamanla değişen gecikmeler için çeşitli simülasyon çalışmalarıyla test edilmiş, ayrıca sonuçlar Smith tahmincisiyle karşılaştırılmıştır.

In this work, an atomic layer deposition approach for the synthesis of MoS2 monolayers is presented. Optical properties of the prepared large-area samples were characterized by Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies, yielding homogeneous optical properties in 5 × 5 mm2 areas. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy demonstrate closed films with grain sizes in the micrometer range. Crucial process parameters and their impact on the properties of the resulting layers are discussed, highlighting the resilience of the process with a broad parameter window for obtaining monolayer films with a high PL yield.

The formation of molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) is widely observed at the back-contact interface for copper zinc tin selenide (CZTSe) thin-film solar cells. Depending on individual selenium (Se) supply and thermal conditions for forming CZTSe absorbers on molybdenum (Mo) substrates, the thickness of MoSe2 can vary from a few hundreds of nanometers up to ≈ 1 μm, which is comparable to the commonly adopted thickness of 1 ~ 1.5 μm for CZTSe absorbers. In this study, for controlling the thickness of interfacial MoSe2, thin diffusion barrier layers of silicon oxynitride (SiOxNy) are deposited onto Mo layers prior to the growth of CZTSe absorbers in the fabrication process. As a result, a reduction in the thicknesses of MoSe2 layers is achieved. In terms of energy conversion efficiency (η), CZTSe solar cells grown on Mo/SiOxNy back contacts suffer a deterioration as the SiOxNy layers get thicker. CZTSe solar cells grown on Mo/SiOxNy/Mo back contacts preserve their efficiencies at ≈ 11% with thin 10 nm SiOxNy layers.

We report an approach to incorporate Ge into Cu2ZnSnSe4 using GeSe vapor during the selenization step of alloyed metallic precursors. The vapor incorporation slowly begins at T ≈ 480 °C and peaks at 530 °C, resulting in a Ge-based composition shift inside the previously formed kesterite layer. We initially observe the formation of a Ge-rich surface layer that merges into a homogeneous distribution of the incorporated element during the further dwelling stage of the annealing. This approach is very versatile and could be used in many similar fabrication processes for incorporating Ge into CZTSe-absorber layers. Because the vapor-based composition shift in the layer happens after the formation of the absorber film towards the end of the fabrication process, most process parameters and the precursor structure may not need any significant re-optimization. The careful integration of this step could help to reduce Sn-related deep defects and accompanying VOC losses. The best CZTGSe-power-conversion efficiency obtained in this series is 10.4 % (with EG = 1.22 eV, FF = 54%, JSC = 36 mA/cm2, VOC = 540 mV, VOCdef,SQ = 417 mV). These results demonstrate the potential of this approach for Ge incorporation into kesterite absorbers.

Cerebrovascular diseases comprise the most common category of inpatient cases taken care of by neurologists. Dysphagia and malnutrition are not rare after stroke. It is strongly recommended for neurologists to screen and treat swallowing disturbances and malnutrition in stroke patients. However, present scientific literature lacks clear evidence with regards to nutritional treatment strategies for stroke patients. This review and recommendation paper is written with the aim to standardize nutritional screening and treatment algorithms during acute and chronic phases of cerebrovascular diseases and guide neurologists in Turkey for their daily practice.

Aim: Fractures are a major source of disability in all age groups; however, little is known about their epidemiology despite being quite a few studies on this subject. The aim of this study was to identify the frequency, gender, and seasonal distributions of fractures in an emergency department.Materials and Methods: Patients who had been admitted to an emergency department because of extremity and spine problems were included in this study. Physical examinations, radiographs, ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance images were recorded. All demographic data such as age and gender, and other data, including season and history, were collected retrospectively. Diagnoses and treatment types (conservative or surgery) were evaluated.Results: Between January 2012 and January 2014, 190.986 patients (95.619 males and 95.367 females) with various complaints were admitted to an emergency ward. After assessment of 32.300 patients who had pain in an extremity or the spine, 4.036 of them were diagnosed with fractures, with a total of 4.301 fractures being diagnosed. The average age of the patients who presented symptoms in an extremity or the spine was 36.2 years, and the gender ratio (men/ women) was 60:40. The most common fractures were at the radius (15.6%), and the least common fractures were at the sesamoid bones (0.04%).Conclusion: This study showed that 17% of the patients admitted to the emergency ward had extremity or spinal complaints and 2.2% of the patients had fractures. These epidemiological data may be relevant for physicians working in emergency departments when evaluating trauma patients.

Gana’ nın merkez bölgesinde bulunan Twifo – Hemang Lower Denkyira ilçesindeki bazı topluluklardan yüksek yeraltı su potansiyeline sahip bölgeleri belirlemek ve belirlenen bu yerler doğrultusunda toplulukların su ihtiyacını karşılayabilecek uygun sondaj yerleri önermek için Elektromanyetik (EM) Profili ve Düşey Elektrik Sondajı (DES) verileri alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada, sırasıyla Esukese Ekyire, Kwanyarko ve Nyameyeadom kasabalarına ait etüd sonuçları tartışılacaktır. İlk olarak, EM ölçülerin alımı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Daha sonra EM verileri nitelik olarak yorumlanmış ve bunun sonucunda çatlak ve/veya kırık zonları tespit edilmiştir. Schlumberger elektrot dizilimi kullanılarak DES ölçümleri kayaç bozunması gözlenen noktalarda elektromanyetik ölçüm alınan yerlerde yapılmıştır. ZONDIP1D yazılımı, sondaj noktaları altındaki jeolojik yeraltı yapılarının 1D sondaj eğri modellerinin üretilmesinde kullanılmıştır. Modellemenin sonuçları bölgede üç veya dört jeolojik zon bulunduğunu göstermiştir. DES verilerinin 1D ters çözümü yorumlamaları katmanlarının özdirenç ve kalınlık değerlerini vermektedir. Su temini için gerekli olan sondaj kuyu yerleri 1D sondaj eğrisi modeli ve yeraltı katmanlarının kalınlıklarına göre önerilmiştir.

Although there is a significant increase in the detection of thyroid cancer because of the widespread utilization of ultrasound and fine needle aspiration biopsy, sometimes these techniques prove inefficient for diagnosis. Therefore, improved diagnostic tools are required. Increasing knowledge regarding thyroid cancer genetics has revived molecular testing. The possibility of thyroid malignancy can be considered or ruled out because of the high accuracy of results, such as 90% positive predictive value (PPV) and 96% negative predictive value (NPV), obtained from the molecular tests. Although the molecular biology of all thyroid cancers has not been completely understood, the remarkable progress done in this domain has widened the horizon of their diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.

A 77-year-old female patient was admitted to our hospital because of low back pain radiating to the right leg for one month. In her history, her abrupt back pain was started in July 2011 and she had been hospitalized in neurosurgery department and after the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar region, a lumbar disc herniation (LDH) at the L4-L5 level was observed. Serological tests were also performed and showed high levels of Brucella antigen (1/640). The patient was diagnosed as having Brucella infection and therapy consisting of doxycycline and streptomycin was commenced. After 14 days of this combination therapy, streptomycin was altered with rifampicin. Doxycycline and rifampicin were administered for 3 months. At the end of that therapy the patient was free of pain and his physical and neurological examination was found to be normal. In conclusion, brucellar discitis and spondylitis should also be considered in the differential diagnosis of long standing back pain in suspected cases particularly in regions where brucellosis is endemic. [Med-Science 2016; 5(1.000): 271-4]

Membranes are situated in the foreground among the considerably popular treatment systems in the last years. The use of membranes was become widespread in many fields such as drinking water treatment, wastewater treatment and obtaining drinking water from sea water. The predominance of membranes against the classical systems regarding the wastewater treatment, and the decreasing cost of membrane materials each day provided these systems to enter among the preferable options. There are considerably different types of membranes. Microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) are the processes drawing most attention. One of the most important considerations in membrane processes is the amount of constituents passing from the membrane and rejecting by the membrane. Mass transfer concept arises in this place. Mass transfer is a critically important case used in the design of treatment systems and the estimation of efficiency. In addition to the points mentioned above, investigation of mass transfer occurring in membranes is important in comparing of different membrane types. In this review article, general information about the membranes, membrane types, uses of membranes and module designs are given, concept of mass transfer is viewed and the mass transfer processes realizing in these treatment systems are assessed.

Membranlar, son yıllarda oldukça popüler arıtım sistemleri arasında ön planda yer almaktadır. İçme suyu arıtımı, atıksu arıtımı ve deniz suyundan içme suyu eldesi gibi birçok alanda membranların kullanımı yaygınlaşmıştır. Özellikle membranların atıksuların arıtımı konusunda klasik sistemlere karşı olan üstünlükleri ve gün geçtikçe düşüş gösteren membran materyali maliyetleri, bu sistemlerin tercih edilebilir seçenekler arasına girmesini sağlamıştır. Membranların oldukça farklı türleri bulunmaktadır. Bunlar arasında mikrofiltrasyon (MF), ultrafiltrasyon (UF), nanofiltrasyon (NF) ve ters osmoz (RO) en fazla ilgi çeken proseslerdir. Membran proseslerde en önemli hususlardan biri, membrandan geçen ve membranda tutulan bileşen miktarlarıdır. Burada kütle aktarımı kavramı ortaya çıkmaktadır. Kütle aktarımı, arıtım sistemlerinin projelendirilmesinde ve verimlilik hesaplarının yapılmasında oldukça büyük önem taşıyan bir olaydır. Membranlarda gerçekleşen kütle aktarımının incelenmesi, yukarıda söz edilen konulara ek olarak, farklı membran tiplerinin karşılaştırılması açısından da önem taşımaktadır. Bu derleme makalesi kapsamında, membranlar ile ilgili genel bilgilere, membranların türlerine, kullanım alanlarına ve modül tasarımlarına yer verilmiş, kütle aktarımı kavramı incelenmiş ve membran arıtım sistemlerinde gerçekleşen kütle aktarımı işlemleri değerlendirilmiştir.