213 results on '"Levallois"'
Search Results
2. The Contribution of 2D and 3D Geometric Morphometrics to Lithic Taxonomies: Testing Discrete Categories of Backed Flakes from Recurrent Centripetal Core Reduction
- Author
-
Bustos-Pérez, Guillermo, Gravina, Brad, Brenet, Michel, and Romagnoli, Francesca
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. The Submerged Palaeo-Yare: New Middle Palaeolithic Archaeological Finds from the Southern North Sea.
- Author
-
SHAW, ANDREW, YOUNG, DANIEL, and HAWKINS, HAYLEY
- Subjects
MIDDLE Paleolithic Period ,ARCHAEOLOGICAL finds ,BIFACES (Stone implements) ,WATERSHEDS ,ARCHAEOLOGY ,PALEOLITHIC Period ,PLEISTOCENE Epoch - Abstract
Copyright of Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The Evolution of Paleolithic Hunting Weapons: A Response to Declining Prey Size.
- Author
-
Ben-Dor, Miki and Barkai, Ran
- Subjects
MESOLITHIC Period ,MIDDLE Paleolithic Period ,PALEOLITHIC Period ,BOW & arrow ,WEAPONS - Abstract
This paper examines the hypothesis that changes in hunting weapons during the Paleolithic were a direct response to a progressive decline in prey size. The study builds upon a unified hypothesis that explains Paleolithic human evolutionary and behavioral/cultural phenomena, including improved cognitive capabilities, as adaptations to mitigate declined energetic returns due to a decline in prey size. Five selected case studies in Africa and Europe were analyzed to test this hypothesis, focusing on the relative presence of megaherbivores (>1000 kg) in the transition between the Acheulean/Early Stone Age and the Middle Paleolithic/Middle Stone Age. The findings indicate a decline in megaherbivores' presence and biomass contribution in the studied transition period associated with the introduction of Levallois technology. We review the evolution of hunting weapons, including wooden-tipped and stone-tipped spears and bows and arrows. Analysis of tip size and breakage patterns indicate a reduction in point size over time, aligning with the declining prey size. We propose that changes in hunting weapons and strategies were driven by the practical and ontological incentives presented by the availability and size of prey. Developing smaller, more precise weapons required increased cognitive capacities, leading to the parallel evolution of human cognitive abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Middle Palaeolithic occupation of the southern North Sea Basin: evidence from the Sandscaping sediments emplaced on the beach between Bacton and Walcott, Norfolk, UK.
- Author
-
Davis, Rob, Ashton, Nick, Bynoe, Rachel, Craven, John, Ferguson, Rob, Gardner, Ian, Grimmer, Tim, Harris, Claire, Hatch, Marcus, Johnson, Colin, Leonard, Joanne, Lewis, Simon, Nicholas, Darren, and Stevens, Matt
- Subjects
MIDDLE Paleolithic Period ,SEDIMENTS ,COASTAL zone management ,BIFACES (Stone implements) ,COMMUNITIES ,NEANDERTHALS ,BEACHES - Abstract
During the summer of 2019, the Bacton to Walcott Coastal Management Scheme involved the emplacement on to the foreshore of 1.8 million cubic metres of sand and gravel dredged from the submerged sediments of the Palaeo‐Yare in the southern North Sea 11 km off Great Yarmouth. During the following 2‐year period, an active group of collectors identified Palaeolithic artefacts eroding from these sediments, including Levallois cores and flakes, and cordiform handaxes. In this paper, we present an analysis of the lithic artefacts, and consider the relationships between the different elements of the assemblage. We discuss its significance in the context of the Middle Palaeolithic record of northwest Europe and the light it shines on the human occupation of the submerged landscape of the southern North Sea during the later Middle Pleistocene. Interrogation of beach survey data shows the reworking of these sediments to the southeast towards Happisburgh where archaeologically significant exposures of the Cromer Forest‐bed Formation are located. The implications of the introduction of a Middle Palaeolithic assemblage to this stretch of the North Norfolk Coast are considered, highlighting the importance of continuing dialogue between researchers, local authorities and local communities for capturing information and monitoring this critical Palaeolithic resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. What lies in between: Levallois, discoid and intermediate methods
- Author
-
Guillermo Bustos-Pérez, Javier Baena, and Manuel Vaquero
- Subjects
lithic technology ,experimental archaeology ,levallois ,discoid ,middle palaeolithic ,machine learning ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
Lithic artefacts are usually associated with the different knapping methods used in their production. Flakes exhibit metric and technological features representative of the flaking method used to detach them. However, lithic production is a dynamic process in which discrete methods can be blurred, and in which features can vary throughout the process. An intermediate knapping method between the discoid and Levallois is commonly referred to under an umbrella of terms (the present research uses the term hierarchical discoid), and is associated with a broad geographical and chronological distribution throughout the Early and Middle Palaeolithic. This intermediate knapping strategy exhibits features of both the discoid and Levallois knapping methods, raising the question of the extent to which flakes from the three knapping methods can be differentiated and, when one is mistaken for another, the direction of confusion. An experimental assemblage of flakes detached by means of the three methods was used along with an attribute analysis and machine learning models in an effort to identify the knapping methods employed. In general, our results were able to very effectively differentiate between the three knapping methods when a support vector machine with polynomial kernel was used. Our results also underscored the singularity of flakes detached by means of Levallois reduction sequences, which yielded outstanding identification values, and were rarely erroneously attributed to either of the other two knapping methods studied. Mistaking the products of the discoid and hierarchical discoid methods was the most common direction of confusion, although a good identification value was achieved for discoid flakes and an acceptable value for hierarchical discoid flakes. This shows the potential applicability of machine learning models in combination with attribute analysis for the identification of these knapping methods among flakes.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. RECONNAISSANCE ARCHAEOLOGY OF JABAL DHAYLAN, RED SEA, SAUDI ARABIA.
- Author
-
Clifton, Charles G.
- Subjects
- *
PETROGLYPHS , *THERMOLUMINESCENCE dating , *ARCHAEOLOGY , *STONE , *QUARRIES & quarrying , *RADIOCARBON dating , *GRANITE - Abstract
Jabal Dhaylan is a small, isolated mountain on the coastal plain of the Red Sea surrounded by tens of kilometers of featureless sand. The mountain is composed of granitic rocks that were partially covered by limestone reefs during the opening of the Red Sea. The limestone is locally mineralized with deposits of high grade zinc that have attracted geologists since 1968. In the course of evaluating the deposits in 2005-2006, the author encountered many archaeological features, including petroglyphs containing tribal symbols (wusum), rock art depicting animal and human forms, burial cairns, and grinding stones. The finds also include a Paleolithic rock quarry with Levallois style cores, and evidence of silver smelting dating back to 3800 BC, based on dates obtained on a fragment of crucible (cupule) by thermoluminescence. A second period of mining that correlates with the expansion of the Arab empire in the late 7th century was identified from fragments of charcoal, which returned Carbon-14 dates of 692, 670, and 633 AD. It was determined that silver was not found at the mining location; it is probable that galena and calamine were extracted as trade items, possibly for medicinal applications. The tribal symbols were found to be the same symbols used by the Bedouins living in the area today. Family members who left the local clan in the distant past were traced to southern Spain, based on tribal symbols found on a stone stela near Cordoba. Historic accounts suggest this family entered Spain as part of the Arab conquest in 712 AD and settled there. The purpose of this report is to record what was observed for the archaeological record, and to connect these observations to present-day people and historical facts where possible. This paper describes what was found in the course of geologic work at Jabal Dhaylan; an exhaustive survey of archaeological sites was not undertaken and additional features are likely to be present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Kuzeybatı Anadolu’da Yeni Bir Paleolitik Dönem Buluntu Alanı: İnkaya Mağarası.
- Author
-
ÖZER, İsmail
- Abstract
Copyright of Colloquium Anatolicum is the property of Necmi Karul and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Orta Paleolitik Dönem İnsanlarının Akdeniz Kıyı Şeridine Adaptasyonu – Üçağızlı II Mağarası Kazısı / Hatay.
- Author
-
BAYKARA, İsmail, EREN-KURAL, Ece, TURAN, Didem, AÇIKKOL, Ayşen, Naoki MORİMOTO, Wataru MORİTA, and AGRAS, M. Kenan
- Abstract
Copyright of Colloquium Anatolicum is the property of Necmi Karul and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. MIS5-MIS3 Neanderthal occupations at Amalda III cave (Northern Iberian Peninsula)
- Author
-
Rios Garaizar, Joseba, Sanchez Romero, Laura, Arriolabengoa, Martín, Benito Calvo, Alfonso, Expósito, Isabel, Miren Del Val, Karambaglidis, T., Marín Arroyo, Ana B., Pérez Garrido, Carlos, Arenas Sorriqueta, Elene, Eixea, Aleix, Gómez Olivencia, Asier, Agudo Pérez, Lucía, San Emeterio, Aixa, Arkeologi Taldea,Antxieta, Rios Garaizar, Joseba, Sanchez Romero, Laura, Arriolabengoa, Martín, Benito Calvo, Alfonso, Expósito, Isabel, Miren Del Val, Karambaglidis, T., Marín Arroyo, Ana B., Pérez Garrido, Carlos, Arenas Sorriqueta, Elene, Eixea, Aleix, Gómez Olivencia, Asier, Agudo Pérez, Lucía, San Emeterio, Aixa, and Arkeologi Taldea,Antxieta
- Abstract
The arrival, occupation, and disappearance of Neanderthals in the Cantabrian region is the subject of a long-running debate that continues to this day. Knowledge of the evolution of Neanderthal societies since the end of the Middle Pleistocene in the north of the Iberian Peninsula is greatly impacted by the scarcity of a good chronological framework. This absence of good data creates difficulties in evaluating the cultural adaptations of these populations to environmental changes and their historical dynamics. The Amalda III cave, surveyed in 1983-84, contains a sequence of occupations ranging from the end of MIS5 (Levallois with Mousterian points and bifaces) to the beginning of MIS3 (Vasconian). It is possible to observe substantial changes in the environmental conditions and cultural responses of Neanderthal groups that inhabited the cave. Here we present the first results of the Amalda III sequence, which is currently being excavated by an interdisciplinary team. Our objective is to test, enrich and refine the regional environmental and Neanderthal cultural framework and the transformations that took place between the MIS5 and the MIS3. These new data are compared with the information available from several Middle Paleolithic sites in the region, advancing our understanding of the behavioural adaptations of Neanderthals to different ecological and socio-cultural situations between ca. 100 and 45 kyr BP in the Eastern Cantabrian region. In this way, we will be able to deepen our interpretation of the processes of cultural change of the last groups of Neanderthals that inhabited this region., Gipuzkoako Foru Aldundia, Ayuntamiento de Zestoa, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Next Generation European Funds, MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/and “FEDER, ERC Subsilience project, Depto. de Mineralogía y Petrología, Fac. de Ciencias Geológicas, TRUE, pub
- Published
- 2024
11. Back(s) to basics: The concept of backing in stone tool technologies for tracing hominins' technical innovations.
- Author
-
Delpiano D, Gravina B, and Peresani M
- Subjects
- Animals, Technology, Cultural Evolution, Fossils, Humans, History, Ancient, Biological Evolution, Europe, Anthropology, Physical, Hominidae physiology, Tool Use Behavior, Archaeology
- Abstract
The evolution of Paleolithic stone tool technologies is characterized by gradual increase in technical complexity along with changes in the composition of assemblages. In this respect, the emergence of retouched-backed tools is an important step and, for some, a proxy for "modern" behavior. However, backed tools emerge relatively early and develop together with major changes in Middle-Upper Pleistocene stone tool technologies. We provide an updated review of the emergence and development of the "backing" concept across multiple chrono-cultural contexts and discuss its relationship to both the emergence of hafting and major evolutionary steps in the ergonomics of stone tool use. Finally, we address potential mechanisms of context-specific re-invention of backing based primarily on data from the late Middle Paleolithic of Western Europe., (© 2024 The Author(s). Evolutionary Anthropology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Culture and Convergence: The Curious Case of the Nubian Complex
- Author
-
Groucutt, Huw S., Delson, Eric, Series Editor, Sargis, Eric J., Series Editor, and Groucutt, Huw S., editor
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Artekale 6 (Plentzia, Bizkaia). Un nuevo asentamiento al aire libre de corta duración del Paleolítico Medio en Uribe Kosta
- Author
-
Joseba Rios-Garaizar, José Ángel Lecanda, and Ander Ortega
- Subjects
tecnología lítica ,paleolítico medio ,neandertal ,levallois ,discoide ,asentamiento de corta duración ,lithic tecnology ,middle palaeolithic ,discoid ,short-term occupation ,Auxiliary sciences of history ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
En el transcurso de una intervención arqueológica en el solar nº 6 de la calle Artekale 6 de la villa de Plentzia (Bizkaia) se localizó un conjunto lítico sobre el sustrato rocoso y bajo un depósito de arcillas de 40 cm de espesor. En este trabajo se describe este conjunto de núcleos y lascas, y se propone una atribución del conjunto al Paleolítico Medio, probablemente reciente. Además, se discute el papel de estos breves asentamientos en las estrategias de asentamiento de los Neandertales en esta región. ABSTRACT: In the course of an archaeological intervention in the site of Artekale Street 6 in the town of Plentzia (Bizkaia), a lithic assemblage was found on the bedrock below 40 cm of clayey sediment. This paper describes the assemblage of cores and flakes, and proposes an attribution to the Middle Palaeolithic, probably recent. In addition, the role of these short-term occupations in regional Neanderthal settlement strategies is discussed.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. The Evolution of Paleolithic Hunting Weapons: A Response to Declining Prey Size
- Author
-
Miki Ben-Dor and Ran Barkai
- Subjects
human evolution ,hunting weapons ,Levallois ,prey size ,Paleolithic ,Human evolution ,GN281-289 ,Stratigraphy ,QE640-699 - Abstract
This paper examines the hypothesis that changes in hunting weapons during the Paleolithic were a direct response to a progressive decline in prey size. The study builds upon a unified hypothesis that explains Paleolithic human evolutionary and behavioral/cultural phenomena, including improved cognitive capabilities, as adaptations to mitigate declined energetic returns due to a decline in prey size. Five selected case studies in Africa and Europe were analyzed to test this hypothesis, focusing on the relative presence of megaherbivores (>1000 kg) in the transition between the Acheulean/Early Stone Age and the Middle Paleolithic/Middle Stone Age. The findings indicate a decline in megaherbivores’ presence and biomass contribution in the studied transition period associated with the introduction of Levallois technology. We review the evolution of hunting weapons, including wooden-tipped and stone-tipped spears and bows and arrows. Analysis of tip size and breakage patterns indicate a reduction in point size over time, aligning with the declining prey size. We propose that changes in hunting weapons and strategies were driven by the practical and ontological incentives presented by the availability and size of prey. Developing smaller, more precise weapons required increased cognitive capacities, leading to the parallel evolution of human cognitive abilities.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Otson Tsokhio and Zuun Shovkh: the Initial Upper Palaeolithic in Eastern Mongolia
- Author
-
Odsuren, Davaakhuu, Janz, Lisa, Fox, William, and Bukhchuluun, Dashzeveg
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Transition et temporalité
- Author
-
Cyrielle Mathias and Marie-Hélène Moncel
- Subjects
Transition ,Lower Palaeolithic ,Middle Palaeolithic ,technical innovation ,Levallois ,transition ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
The transition from the Lower to the Middle Palaeolithic is a key period in Prehistory, characterized by numerous changes in the subsistence and production patterns of human groups. It can be seen as a period of rupture or a phase of gradual transformation, depending on the framework and scale considered. In the first part, we will describe how this transition was perceived by prehistorian according to their perception of time and chronology. Then, our objective is to show how our view of this transition has been considerably renewed thanks to the increase in archaeological data and the building of an increasingly precise chronological framework. Finally, we will attempt to present a state of research on the transition between the Lower and Middle Palaeolithic in southern Europe with a focus on the behavioral and technological changes in the South of France between 350,000 and 130,000 years ago.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Lower Paleolithic Winds of Change: Prepared Core Technologies and the Onset of the Levallois Method in the Levantine Late Acheulian
- Author
-
T. Rosenberg-Yefet, M. Shemer, and R. Barkai
- Subjects
Levallois ,prepared cores ,Late Acheulian ,technological innovation ,core technology ,Science - Abstract
The life cycle of a successful technological innovation usually follows a well-known path: a slow inception, gradual assimilation of the technology, an increase in its frequency up to a certain peak, and then a decline. These different phases are characterized not only by varying frequency of use but also by degree of standardization and distinguishability. The Levallois method, a sophisticated Middle Paleolithic technology aimed at producing desired stone items of predetermined morphology, is one such innovation. It has been repeatedly suggested that the Levallois method originated within earlier Lower Paleolithic Acheulian industries, and this work contributes to this discussion. We analyze the reduction trajectory of prepared cores and predetermined blanks from the late Acheulian sites of Jaljulia and Revadim, adding important new evidence for the Lower Paleolithic origins of the Levallois method and its adoption and assimilation in the human stone-tool repertoire of this period in the Levant. Revadim and Jaljulia also provide a rare opportunity to study patterns in the early assimilation of technological innovations. These sites yielded rich lithic assemblages typical of the late Acheulian in the Levant. The assemblages include handaxes but are mostly dominated by flake production technologies and flake-tools. The early appearance of prepared cores at both sites signals, in our view, the inception of concepts related to the Levallois method, termed here proto-Levallois, in the late Acheulian Levant. Through a detailed analysis of prepared cores and their products, we are able to characterize the early stages of assimilation of this method, using it as a case study in a broader discussion of the adoption and assimilation of technological innovations during Lower Paleolithic times.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. The Early Middle Stone Age in South Africa
- Author
-
Wurz, Sarah
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. The Flint Component
- Author
-
Goren-Inbar, Naama, Alperson-Afil, Nira, Sharon, Gonen, Herzlinger, Gadi, Delson, Eric, Series Editor, Sargis, Eric J., Series Editor, Goren-Inbar, Naama, Alperson-Afil, Nira, Sharon, Gonen, and Herzlinger, Gadi
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Summary and Conclusions
- Author
-
Dibble, Harold L., McPherron, Shannon J. P., Goldberg, Paul, Sandgathe, Dennis M., LaMoreaux, James W., Series editor, Dibble, Harold L., editor, McPherron, Shannon J. P., editor, Goldberg, Paul, editor, and Sandgathe, Dennis M., editor
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Lithic technological choices of late Neandertals in a mountain environment south of the Ebro Valley, Iberian Peninsula (Peña Miel level e)
- Author
-
Rios-Garaizar, Joseba and Eixea, Aleix
- Abstract
In this paper, we present an updated technological analysis of the lithic collection excavated in the 1980s in a high-altitude site in the Ebro Basin, Peña Miel level e. This level represents one of the latest occurrences of Middle Palaeolithic technology in the Iberian Peninsula, so it is of special interest for understanding the trajectories of late Neandertals in this region. The results show the use of local lithic resources combined with few quantities of medium–long distance–transported raw materials. The technological choices in level e include a majority discoid production in quartzite and limestone, less abundant Levallois production in quartzite, limestone, lydite and flint, all of this combined with the production of macro-tools in limestone and quartzite. The objective of these productions is to obtain functional blanks, fundamentally outrepassing or pseudolevallois flakes, ready for direct use or for use after light edge configuration. These technological features are consistent with a short occupation in a remote and high-altitude area by groups that occasionally, and probably seasonally, roamed through the mountainous region where the site is located. Also, the technological features show links with the late Middle Palaeolithic of the Franco-Cantabrian region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. ИСТОРИЯ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ПАЛЕОЛИТА ВОСТОЧНОГО КАЗАХСТАНА В СОВЕТСКОЕ ВРЕМЯ.
- Author
-
Duvanbekov, R. S.
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of History / Habaršy Tarihi Seriâsy is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. MIS5-MIS3 Neanderthal occupations at Amalda III cave (Northern Iberian Peninsula).
- Author
-
Rios-Garaizar, Joseba, Sánchez-Romero, Laura, Arriolabengoa, Martín, Benito-Calvo, Alfonso, Expósito, Isabel, Del Val, Miren, Karambaglidis, Theodoros, Marín-Arroyo, Ana B., Pérez-Garrido, Carlos, Arenas-Sorriqueta, Elene, Eixea, Aleix, Gómez-Olivencia, Asier, Agudo-Pérez, Lucía, San Emeterio, Aixa, and Antxieta Arkeologi Taldea
- Subjects
- *
NEANDERTHALS , *MIDDLE Paleolithic Period , *PALEOLITHIC Period , *CAVES , *CONDITIONED response , *PENINSULAS , *PHYSIOLOGICAL adaptation - Abstract
The arrival, occupation, and disappearance of Neanderthals in the Cantabrian region is the subject of a long-running debate that continues to this day. Knowledge of the evolution of Neanderthal societies since the end of the Middle Pleistocene in the north of the Iberian Peninsula is greatly impacted by the scarcity of a good chronological framework. This absence of good data creates difficulties in evaluating the cultural adaptations of these populations to environmental changes and their historical dynamics. The Amalda III cave, surveyed in 1983-84, contains a sequence of occupations ranging from the end of MIS5 (Levallois with Mousterian points and bifaces) to the beginning of MIS3 (Vasconian). It is possible to observe substantial changes in the environmental conditions and cultural responses of Neanderthal groups that inhabited the cave. Here we present the first results of the Amalda III sequence, which is currently being excavated by an interdisciplinary team. Our objective is to test, enrich and refine the regional environmental and Neanderthal cultural framework and the transformations that took place between the MIS5 and the MIS3. These new data are compared with the information available from several Middle Paleolithic sites in the region, advancing our understanding of the behavioural adaptations of Neanderthals to different ecological and socio-cultural situations between ca. 100 and 45 kyr BP in the Eastern Cantabrian region. In this way, we will be able to deepen our interpretation of the processes of cultural change of the last groups of Neanderthals that inhabited this region. • Chronology, environment and cultural data of a new Middle Palaeolithic (MIS5-MIS3) sequence in the Cantabrian region. • During a warm episode of the MIS5, short-term occupation with hunting weapon points and typical Levallois technology • During a warm episode of the MIS3, specialised occupations with heavy tools typical of the Vasconian. • Understanding the adaptation of Neanderthals to different ecological and socio-cultural situations between MIS5 and MIS3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Expedient behaviour and predetermination at the Ciota Ciara cave (north-western Italy) during Middle Palaeolithic.
- Author
-
Daffara, Sara, Berruti, Gabriele L.F., and Arzarello, Marta
- Subjects
- *
MIDDLE Paleolithic Period , *CAVES , *SEQUENCE stratigraphy , *ARCHAEOLOGICAL assemblages , *CAVING , *QUARTZ - Abstract
The Ciota Ciara cave is a Middle Palaeolithic site located in Piedmont (north-western Italy) and it is the only one systematically investigated in the region. It opens at 670 m a.s.l. on the west side of Monte Fenera and its archaeological deposit has a stratigraphic sequence documenting several and repeated human frequentations. Four archaeological layers have been identified (103, 13, 14 and 15) and are characterized by lithic assemblages where vein quartz is the main exploited raw material. The upper level (13) was already subject to technological and functional studies, but the enlargement of the excavated area made necessary a completion of the technological data. The aim of this work is to deal with a complete technological and functional study of the lithic assemblage of the four archaeological layers of the Ciota Ciara cave to face the issues of predetermination and adaptation of the reduction sequences to the raw materials features. The technological analysis is based on the concept of chaîne opératoire and refers to the classical definitions of the S.S.D.A., discoid and Levallois methods for the identification of the different exploitation strategies. The concepts of curated and expedient technology are also applied to the present study. We finally refer to the huge debate concerning the concept of predetermination related to cores that show reduced or none phases of core configuration for the analysis and interpretation of the considered lithic assemblage. The results obtained show that the general behaviour can be interpreted as expedient, both from a technological and a functional point of view. The Middle Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers of the Ciota Ciara cave adapted their "technological background" to the resources available and put into action flexible adaptation strategies. Even in the shortness or absence of phases of core configuration, predetermination can be observed in the adaptation of Levallois and discoid concepts to the natural constraints of the pebbles chosen as cores. The natural convexities are exploited to obtain Levallois and discoid flakes after an intentional choice made by the knappers. In order to deeply investigate the characteristics of the technological behaviour of the hunter-gatherers that inhabited the site, the use-wear analysis is a fundamental additional source of information and it is here aimed to understand if there is or not a differential use of the lithic artefacts according to their typology and/or to the knapping method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Kuzey Levant’tan Bir Orta Paleolitik Dönem Yerleşimi: Üçağızlı II Mağarası Buluntuları.
- Author
-
Baykara, İsmail, Kural, Ece Eren, Açıkkol, Ayşen, and Agras, Mustafa Kenan
- Abstract
Copyright of Anatolian Research / Anadolu Araştırmaları is the property of Anatolian Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Levallois
- Author
-
Kipfer, Barbara Ann
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Middle and Upper Paleolithic Levallois technology in eastern Central Asia.
- Author
-
Rybin, Evgeny P. and Khatsenovich, Arina M.
- Subjects
- *
POPULATION , *STONE implements , *CORRIDORS (Ecology) , *TECHNOLOGY , *SPECIES distribution - Abstract
Situated on the eastern periphery of Central Asia, Mongolia was a potentially important pathway for the migration of paleopopulations from the west to the east (and/or vice versa). Possible scenarios for the dispersal of ancient human populations in Mongolia are much more complicated than we initially supposed, due to the limited number of corridors penetrating natural barriers like the mountains of southern Siberia in the north and the arid mountain systems of the Mongolian and Gobi Altai ranges in the south. Nevertheless, we can detect several episodes during which those barriers were crossed by human migrants in the Upper Pleistocene based upon the geographic distribution of various species of Homo. These migration events can be detected by analyzing variability in lithic knapping technology and stone tool assemblages in Mongolia. The earliest two dispersal events we can identify – the Terminal Middle Paleolithic (TMP) and Initial Upper Paleolithic (IUP) are associated with an extremely complex and enigmatic question: who were the bearers of those cultural traits and did they successively replace one another, or did they co-exist, overlapping culturally? Both the TMP and IUP are associated with the Levallois reduction technology. Here, we attempt to analyze and interpret the entire spectrum of Levallois methods from chronological and technological perspectives, identified in Terminal Middle Paleolithic and Initial Upper Paleolithic assemblages from Mongolia. We identify four principal Levallois methods. The reduction strategies associated with them share features in common with lithic industries from the Russian Altai district in southern Siberia as well as northwestern and north-central China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. К вопросу эволюционной преемственности индустрий от среднего к верхнему палеолиту на территории Горного Алтая (критика гипотезы автохтонного развития).
- Author
-
Славинский, В. С. and Цыбанков, А. А.
- Subjects
POPULATION ,EVOLUTIONARY models ,MATERIALS analysis ,RADIOCARBON dating ,HOUSING ,HARBOR management - Abstract
Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
29. Stone Tools: Evidence of Something in Between Culture and Cumulative Culture?
- Author
-
Davidson, Iain, Delson, Eric, Series editor, Sargis, Eric J., Series editor, Haidle, Miriam N., editor, Conard, Nicholas J., editor, and Bolus, Michael, editor
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF A PROCESSED INCOMPLETE HORNY ROD OF THE MONGOLIAN GAZELLE PROCAPRA GUTTUROSA FROM THE FIFTH CULTURAL LAYER OF THE SUKHOTSKAYA WORKSHOP
- Subjects
Middle Paleolithic ,средний палеолит ,Sukhotinskaya workshop ,Procapra gutturosa ,обработанный роговой стержень ,Levallois ,Сухотинская мастерская ,леваллуа ,processed horny rod - Abstract
The article is devoted to the functional analysis of the tool of Procapra gutturosa Mongolian gazelle, made on an incomplete horn rod, found during excavations in 2019. The Sukhotinskaya workshop has been known since the 1970s. For the first time it is mentioned in the scientific reports of I.I. Kirillov as a place of collection of numerous lifting material. For the first time, a test pit at the site was laid in 2013, and in 2019 it was expanded. In the course of these works, at the base of the section, a processed horn rod of Procapra gutturosa of an average degree of preservation was found, which was subjected to functional analysis. In the course of studying the object under binocular and metallographic microscopes, five microsections were identified on the largely destroyed treated surface of the horn rod, which retained individual areas of focal micropolishing and thin linear traces directed along the axis of processing. The direction vector of these microtraces coincides with the visual profile of the horn rod processed into a wedge by cutting. These areas are preserved on the heights of the furrowed surface in places where the bone substance of the horn shaft has not undergone significant changes. Of particular interest are individual microchip of hornfels and micaceous rock/pyrite, which are stuck directly in the bone substance at an angle of about 30°, which clearly indicates the angle and direction of processing. Based on the results of the functional analysis of the tool, an extraordinary tool was determined, carrying two generations of trimming by cutting off the knocked-off edge., Статья посвящена функциональному анализу орудия, выполненного на неполном роговом стержне дзерена Procapr a gutturosa. найденного в ходе раскопок в 2019 г. Сухотинская мастерская известна с 70-х гг. XX в. Впервые она упоминается в научных отчетах И.И. Кириллова как место сбора многочисленного подъемного материала. Разведочный шурф на памятнике был заложен в 2013 г., а в 2019 г. он был расширен. В ходе работ в основании разреза обнаружен обработанный роговой стержень Procapra gutturosa средней степени сохранности, который был подвергнут функциональному анализу. При изучении предмета под бинокулярным и металло-графическим микроскопами на обработанной поверхности рогового стержня выявлены пять микроучастков, сохранивших отдельные зоны очаговой микрозаполировки и тонкие линейные следы, направленные вдоль оси обработки. Вектор направленности этих микроследов совпадает с визуальным профилем обработанного на клин срезанием рогового стержня. Данные участки сохранились на возвышенностях бороздчатой поверхности в местах, где костное вещество рогового стержня не подверглось значительным изменениям. Особый интерес представляют собой отдельные микрочешуйки роговика и слюдистой горной породы / пирита, которые застряли непосредственно в костном веществе под углом порядка 30°, что отчетливо свидетельствует об угле и направлении обработки. По итогам функционального анализа орудие определено как неординарное, несущее на себе две генерации подправки путем срезания сбитой кромки.
- Published
- 2023
31. Lithic Technology, typology and cross-regional comparison of Pleistocene lithic industries: Comment on the earliest evidence of Levallois in East Asia.
- Author
-
Li, Yinghua, Boëda, Eric, Forestier, Hubert, and Zhou, Yuduan
- Subjects
- *
TECHNOLOGY , *EVIDENCE - Abstract
During past decades the lack of sufficient clarification between typology and lithic technology has caused misapprehension and misuse of "lithic technology" and more than once generated two opposing views on characterization of the same lithic industry. Here the authors would like firstly to take issue with Hu et al.'s recently published paper claiming "the earliest evidence of Levallois at Guanyindong site of Southwest China" (Nature 565: 82–85), secondly to clarify the essential difference between these two methods which Hu et al. failed to do, with expectation for deeper discussion and larger application of lithic technology in East Asian Paleolithic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Evaluating prepared core assemblages with three-dimensional methods: a case study from the Middle Paleolithic at Skhūl (Israel).
- Author
-
Ranhorn, Kathryn L., Braun, David R., Biermann Gürbüz, Rebecca E., Greiner, Elliot, Wawrzyniak, Daniel, and Brooks, Alison S.
- Subjects
- *
MOUSTERIAN culture , *PHOTOGRAMMETRY , *STONE implements , *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations - Abstract
Levallois technology is a hallmark of many Middle and Late Pleistocene stone artifact assemblages, but its definition has been much debated. Here we use three-dimensional photogrammetry to investigate the geometric variation among Levallois and discoidal core technologies. We created models of experimental and archaeological stone artifact assemblages to quantitatively investigate the morphologies of Levallois and discoidal core technologies. Our results demonstrate that technological characteristics of Levallois technology can be distinguished from discoidal variants by analyzing the relative volumes and angles of the two flaking surfaces. We apply these methods to a random subset of Middle Paleolithic cores from Skhūl (Israel) and show that, overall, the Skhūl archaeological sample falls in range with the experimental Levallois sample. This study advocates the investigation of core technology on a spectrum to elucidate particular reduction trajectories while maintaining visible outliers and dispersion within an assemblage. Our quantified approach to studying centripetal core technology broadly is particularly applicable in studies related to forager mobility strategy and raw material use. Ultimately, the methods developed here can be used across temporal and geographic boundaries and facilitate attribute-based inter-site comparisons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Skhul lithic technology and the dispersal of Homo sapiens into Southwest Asia.
- Author
-
Groucutt, Huw S., Scerri, Eleanor M.L., Stringer, Chris, and Petraglia, Michael D.
- Subjects
- *
HUMAN beings , *STONE implements , *TABUN , *TECHNOLOGY , *FOSSILS - Abstract
The Levantine sites of Skhul and Qafzeh have been interpreted as indicating an early, short and unsuccessful expansion of Homo sapiens out of Africa. Chronometric age estimates, however, indicate a history of prolonged occupation, and suggest that Skhul (∼130–100 thousand years ago [ka]) may have been occupied earlier than Qafzeh (beginning ∼110–90 ka). Morphologically, the Skhul individuals can be described as somewhat more primitive in comparison to the Qafzeh fossils. Though the lithic assemblages of sites such as Skhul and Qafzeh are often described as being technologically similar, as part of the 'Tabun C' phase/industry, limited detailed information on the Skhul lithic assemblage has been published, and little comparative work has been conducted. Here, we present an analysis of the Skhul stone tool assemblage to describe its characteristics, to evaluate the lithic results against the fossil and chronological data, and for inter-site regional comparison. Our findings indicate that the Skhul lithic assemblage differs from other Levantine Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 sites, such as Qafzeh. For example, there was more of an emphasis on diverse methods of point production at Skhul, and the available samples indicate a greater emphasis on preferential rather than recurrent Levallois reduction at Skhul. The current findings suggest that neither the Levantine Middle Palaeolithic in general, nor MIS 5 assemblages in particular, were technologically homogeneous. These data are consistent with either a long occupation of the Levant by Homo sapiens in MIS 5, or at least two phases of occupation (early MIS 5 and mid to late MIS). Whatever the fate of the Skhul and Qafzeh population(s), their occupation of the Levant was neither short nor culturally uniform. Our findings add to the growing pool of evidence that the dispersal of our species 'Out of Africa' was more complex than hitherto thought. Further work on MIS 5e contexts in the Levant and elsewhere in Southwest Asia should be a research priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. New Middle Paleolithic Finds from the Lake District.
- Author
-
BECKS, Ralf and FINDIK, Betül
- Subjects
MIDDLE Paleolithic Period ,RESOURCE exploitation ,LAKES ,RAW materials - Abstract
Copyright of Adalya is the property of Koc University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
35. New chronology of the deposits from the inner chambers of the Guanyindong cave, southwestern China.
- Author
-
Hu, Yue, Zhang, Jiafu, Lu, Hongliang, Hou, Yamei, Huang, Weiwen, and Li, Bo
- Subjects
- *
THERMOLUMINESCENCE dating , *CAVES , *OPTICALLY stimulated luminescence dating , *INTERGLACIALS , *GLACIATION , *SEDIMENT sampling - Abstract
Guanyindong Cave is one of most important Palaeolithic sites in southwestern China, due to its presence of the earliest Levallois artifacts in East Asia, which was dated to two discrete periods at ∼160–170 thousand years ago (ka) and ∼70–80 ka, respectively, based on optical dating of the artifact-bearing sediments from the west entrance of the cave (Hu, et al., 2019a). There were five excavation pits at Guanyindong during the initial excavation seasons in 1960s, all of which have yielded abundant stone artifacts and fauna fossils. However, in contrast to the excavation pits at the west entrance whose chronology and lithic industry were intensively studied, the chronological frameworks of the excavation pits inside the cave chambers have not been established. Here we report optical dating results of sediment samples taken from two of the pits inside the cave (Profiles 2A and 3). We established Bayesian age models for the two profiles based on our new optical ages and the U-series ages obtained in previous studies. Our results indicate that the group B deposits in the main chambers of the cave accumulated between ∼200 ka and ∼100 ka. The chronology of the deposits from the inner chambers, together with those from the west entrance, provided a new age constraint for the Levallois artifacts from the site and suggested that hominins occupied the cave from ∼180 ka to ∼80 ka, spanning a full glacial and interglacial period (from MIS 6 to MIS 5). • Comprehensive luminescence dating results of accumulation and occupation of Guanyindong cave. • The Bayesian Hierarchical Age Model was applied for dating sediments with post-depositional disturbance. • The new dating results confirm the early utilization of the Levallois concept in East Asia from 180 to 80 ka. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. A Late Middle Palaeolithic assemblage containing Levallois and bifacial objects from Saône-et-Loire, France: GH 3 at Grotte de la Verpillière II à Germolles
- Author
-
Jens Axel Frick
- Subjects
middle palaeolithic ,eastern france ,levallois ,bifacial objects ,keilmessergruppen ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
The site of Grotte de la Verpillière II, a rock shelter and corresponding cave tunnel, is situated in a cliff face of an Oxfordian massive, around 10 km West of Chalon-sur-Saône in Eastern France. The excavation at this site has recovered Middle Palaeolithic assemblages in three stratified sedimentological units. The richest of these assemblages derives from Geological Horizon (GH) 3 and is discussed here. It is preliminarily attributed to a Late Middle Palaeolithic context of OIS 3 to 4 using radiometric-dating techniques. The assemblage combines Levallois reduction, bifacial objects and diverse ‘opportunistic’ reduction strategies. The Levallois reduction shows a high level of raw-material economy in the use of raw pieces and blanks whose morphology is close to the shape of desired configured cores. Other reduction strategies show a wider range of approaches to blank production. Bifacial objects include but are not limited to Keilmesser with tranchet blows. The condition of objects from GH 3 range from unused raw pieces, tested raw pieces, configured and exhausted cores, correction and central flakes, as well as some heated objects, frost shards, and debris. The majority of raw materials derive from sources nearby, but were clearly transported to the site. Only some pieces show evidence for transport of up to 100 km from source to site. The presence of specific reduction strategies on bifacial objects and the existence of tranchet-blow modification provide support for the attribution of the assemblage to the Keilmessergruppen assemblages from Central Europe.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Stability in the Intermittence : A Spatio-Temporal Approach to Mousterian Behavior in the Near East Based on the Technological Analysis of Lithic Industries of Complex VI3 at Umm el Tlel (Central Syria)
- Author
-
Lourdeau, Antoine, Conard, Nicholas, Advisory editor, Fleagle, John G., Advisory editor, Hublin, Jean-Jacques, Advisory editor, MacPhee, Ross D. E., Advisory editor, Makovicky, Peter, Advisory editor, McBrearty, Sally, Advisory editor, Meng, Jin, Advisory editor, Plummer, Tom, Advisory editor, Silcox, Mary, Advisory editor, Conard, Nicholas J., editor, and Richter, Jürgen, editor
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. The Lithic Production System of the Middle Paleolithic Settlement of Le Fond des Blanchards at Gron (Yonne, France)
- Author
-
Lhomme, Vincent, Nicoud, Elisa, Pagli, Marina, Coudenneau, Aude, Rocca, Roxane, Conard, Nicholas, Advisory editor, Fleagle, John G., Advisory editor, Hublin, Jean-Jacques, Advisory editor, MacPhee, Ross D. E., Advisory editor, Makovicky, Peter, Advisory editor, McBrearty, Sally, Advisory editor, Meng, Jin, Advisory editor, Plummer, Tom, Advisory editor, Silcox, Mary, Advisory editor, Conard, Nicholas J., editor, and Richter, Jürgen, editor
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Neanderthal Occupation in the Verdon Valley (Haute-Provence, Southeastern France)
- Author
-
Gagnepain, Jean, Gaillard, Claire, Conard, Nicholas, Advisory editor, Fleagle, John G., Advisory editor, Hublin, Jean-Jacques, Advisory editor, MacPhee, Ross D. E., Advisory editor, Makovicky, Peter, Advisory editor, McBrearty, Sally, Advisory editor, Meng, Jin, Advisory editor, Plummer, Tom, Advisory editor, Silcox, Mary, Advisory editor, Conard, Nicholas J., editor, and Richter, Jürgen, editor
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Management of Paleoenvironmental Resources and Exploitation of Raw Materials at the Middle Paleolithic Site of Oscurusciuto (Ginosa, Southern Italy): Units 1 and 4
- Author
-
Boscato, Paolo, Gambassini, Paolo, Ranaldo, Filomena, Ronchitelli, Annamaria, Conard, Nicholas, Advisory editor, Fleagle, John G., Advisory editor, Hublin, Jean-Jacques, Advisory editor, MacPhee, Ross D. E., Advisory editor, Makovicky, Peter, Advisory editor, McBrearty, Sally, Advisory editor, Meng, Jin, Advisory editor, Plummer, Tom, Advisory editor, Silcox, Mary, Advisory editor, Conard, Nicholas J., editor, and Richter, Jürgen, editor
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. When Did the Middle Paleolithic Begin?
- Author
-
Richter, Jürgen, Conard, Nicholas, Advisory editor, Fleagle, John G., Advisory editor, Hublin, Jean-Jacques, Advisory editor, MacPhee, Ross D. E., Advisory editor, Makovicky, Peter, Advisory editor, McBrearty, Sally, Advisory editor, Meng, Jin, Advisory editor, Plummer, Tom, Advisory editor, Silcox, Mary, Advisory editor, Conard, Nicholas J., editor, and Richter, Jürgen, editor
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Combining quantitative approaches to differentiate between backed products from discoidal and Levallois reduction sequences
- Author
-
Bustos Pérez, Guillermo, Gravina, Brad, Brenet, Michel, Romagnoli, Francesca, and UAM. Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología
- Subjects
Archeology ,Geometric morphometrics ,Discoid ,Machine learning ,Deep learning ,Levallois ,Historia ,Lithic analysis ,Arqueología - Abstract
Backed flakes (core edge flakes and pseudo-Levallois points) represent special products of Middle Paleolithic centripetal flaking strategies. Their peculiarities are due to their roles as both a technological objective and in the management of core convexities to retain its geometric properties during reduction. In Middle Paleolithic contexts, these backed implements are commonly produced during Levallois and discoidal reduction sequences. Backed products from Levallois and discoidal reduction sequences often show common geometric and morphological features that complicate their attribution to one of these methods. This study examines the identification of experimentally produced discoidal and recurrent centripetal Levallois backed products (including all stages of reduction) based on their morphological features. 3D geometric morphometrics are employed to quantify morphological variability among the experimental sample. Dimensionality reduction though principal component analysis is combined with 11 machine learning models for the identification of knapping methods. A supported vector machine with polynomial kernel has been identified as the best model (with a general accuracy of 0.76 and an area under the curve [AUC] of 0.8). This indicates that combining geometric morphometrics, principal component analysis, and machine learning models succeeds in capturing the morphological differences of backed products according to the knapping method, This research has been supported by the project SI1/PJI/2019-00488 funded by Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid and Universidad Autonoma de Madrid. FR research studies are also supported by the project ID2019-103987GBC33 funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation
- Published
- 2022
43. Paleolithic Stone Tool Assemblages from Sharjah and Ras al Khaimah in the United Arab Emirates
- Author
-
Scott-Jackson, Julie, Scott-Jackson, William, Rose, Jeffrey I., Petraglia, Michael D., editor, and Rose, Jeffrey I., editor
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. The Middle Paleolithic of Arabia: The View from the Hadramawt Region, Yemen
- Author
-
Crassard, Rémy, Petraglia, Michael D., editor, and Rose, Jeffrey I., editor
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Palaeolithic occupation of the Anatolian High Plateau during a cold period: An MIS 6 aged artifact from the Avlamış Valley, Eskişehir, NW Turkey.
- Author
-
Ocakoğlu, Faruk, Dinçer, Berkay, Akkiraz, Mehmet Serkan, Şahiner, Eren, and Brook, George A.
- Subjects
- *
PALEOLITHIC Period , *ANATOLIAN architecture , *PROTECTION of cultural property , *PALEOPEDOLOGY , *PLEISTOCENE paleogeography - Abstract
Abstract: In the Avlamış Valley, 10 km north of Eskişehir (NW Anatolia), an undamaged triangular Levallois flake was encountered in a paleosol, 430 cm beneath the ground surface. The artifact has a minimal dorsal retouch on the right margin, and there is a light beige partial patina on the ventral surface. Based on the technological investigations, this artifact was made using the centripetal recurrent Levallois technique. An observation of the trench walls revealed the triple nature of the stratigraphy: an upper gravelly sand (Unit‐1), an underlying reddish‐brown pebbly paleosol (Unit‐2), and a lowermost dominantly pink, finer‐grained deposit (Unit‐3) where the artifact was retrieved. Optically stimulated luminescence ages indicate a strong influence of global marine isotopic stages (MIS) on the trench stratigraphy, with the deposit hosting the artifact dating to 148 ± 20 ka (MIS 6 cold period). The available pollen data from the same stratigraphic level verified an open steppe landscape with some arboreal plant cover during deposition. This is the first stratigraphically dated Middle Palaeolithic artifact from NW Anatolia, and one of the few in the whole country, thus igniting further discussion about the ways Pleistocene hominins adapted to cold and arid environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. The onset of Late Paleolithic in North China: An integrative review of the Shuidonggou site complex, China.
- Author
-
Peng, Fei, Guo, Jialong, Lin, Sam, Wang, Huimin, and Gao, Xing
- Subjects
- *
ARCHAEOLOGY , *PALEOLITHIC Period , *FOSSIL animals , *ARCHAEOLOGICAL excavations , *ARCHAEOLOGICAL assemblages - Abstract
Shuidonggou (SDG) attracts scholars who are interested in Late Paleolithic of China, even east Asia, from generation to generation since 1923 when rich lithic artifacts and animal fossils were discovered at locality 1. During the past almost one century, many excavations have been conducted by different institutes at different localities of SDG. Numerous data has been obtained and tens of thousands of artifacts were yielded. The understanding of nature and context of SDG is increasing gradually with the repeated excavation and in-depth research. The present paper reviewed the formal excavations and achievements in SDG. Especially, a series investigations and excavations since 2002 have been emphasized. After this long-term fieldwork, the geographic range of SDG has extended far beyond the range suggested by previous findings. The presence of discrete cultural horizons at various SDG localities indicate repeated use and occupation of the area by early human groups between 50–10 kya with a gap in LGM. During the repeated occupations, diverse and complex behaviors including gathering various plants, heat treatment preparation for knapping, making ornaments, engraving were identified using different kinds of methods and techniques by scholars. Paleoenvironmental reconstruction based on pollen analysis suggests that late Pleistocene/early Holocene human utilization of the SDG area occurred primarily around 32–24 kya and 13–11 kya when climatic conditions were more favorable. Years of excavations and researches make progress with nature of SDG. However, the issues about Initial Upper Paleolithic assemblages in SDG, origin/disappearance of Levallois-like technology in China are still open to debate. Further excavation and research at SDG1 will clarify these issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Nuevos datos sobre el Paleolítico medio en el valle del Vinalopó: la ocupación musteriense de la Cova dels Calderons (La Romana, Alicante).
- Author
-
TORREGROSA GIMÉNEZ, Palmira, JOVER MAESTRE, Francisco Javier, and MOLINA HERNÁNDEZ, Francisco Javier
- Subjects
MIDDLE Paleolithic Period ,PLEISTOCENE Epoch - Abstract
Copyright of Archivo de Prehistoria Levantina is the property of Museu de Prehistoria de Valencia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
48. Quantifying Transitions: Morphometric Approaches to Palaeolithic Variability and Technological Change
- Author
-
Lycett, Stephen J., Camps, Marta, editor, and Chauhan, Parth, editor
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Between the flake and the blade: Associated systems of production at Riparo Tagliente (Veneto, northern Italy)
- Author
-
Leonardo Carmignani
- Subjects
blades ,Riparo Tagliente ,Middle Paleolithic ,Levallois ,reduction systems ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
The Riparo Tagliente site (Verona, Italy) shows three macro phases in which high technological variability can be observed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the specific role of the Middle Paleolithic blade production within this variability. Preliminary results show a complex scenario in which the role of the blade is strictly linked with flake production through mixed reduction systems. Two different approaches were used for analysing the lithic assemblages from the site. The first analysis focused on the identification of the reduction systems by determining the techniques, methods and concepts underlying the entire chaîne opératoire. The second approach concentrated on analysing blade production in order to identify its variability. Evidence of blade technology from the Middle Pleistocene (MIS 8-6) has been found in northern Europe (France, Belgium). Later, during MIS 5 blades can be found over a larger area, this time also including north-western Germany and the central-southern part of France. A third period (MIS 4-3) marks the appearance of laminar production in southern Europe, including in the Italian peninsula. Based on the present state of research these three phases appear to be on-and-off events without clear evolutionary continuity. By repositioning the sequence of Riparo Tagliente within the Italian context we can observe that at the end of the Mousterian period the technological patterns differ greatly, with laminar production being one of its most evident expressions. The origin of this fragmentation is questionable.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. The Victoria West: earliest prepared core technology in the Acheulean at Canteen Kopje and implications for the cognitive evolution of early hominids
- Author
-
Hao Li, Kathleen Kuman, Matt G. Lotter, George M. Leader, and Ryan J. Gibbon
- Subjects
victoria west ,levallois ,prepared core technology ,early acheulean ,cognitive evolution ,Science - Abstract
Prepared core technology illustrates in-depth planning and the presence of a mental template during the core reduction process. This technology is, therefore, a significant indicator in studying the evolution of abstract thought and the cognitive abilities of hominids. Here, we report on Victoria West cores excavated from the Canteen Kopje site in central South Africa, with a preliminary age estimate of approximately 1 Ma (million years ago) for these cores. Technological analysis shows that the Victoria West cores bear similarities to the ‘Volumetric Concept’ as defined for the Levallois, a popular and widely distributed prepared core technology from at least 200 ka (thousand years ago). Although these similarities are present, several notable differences also occur that make the Victoria West a unique and distinctive prepared core technology; these are: elongated and convergent core shapes, consistent blow directions for flake removal, a predominance of large side-struck flakes, and the use of these flakes to make Acheulean large cutting tools. This innovative core reduction strategy at Canteen Kopje extends the roots of prepared core technology to the latter part of the Early Acheulean and clearly demonstrates an increase in the cognitive abilities and complexities of hominids in this time period.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.