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48 results on '"Leung, G. -K"'

3. The value of values in climate science

Author

Pulkkinen, Karoliina, Undorf, S., Bender, F., Wikman-Svahn, Per, Doblas-Reyes, F., Flynn, C., Hegerl, G. C., Jönsson, A., Leung, G. -K, Roussos, J., Shepherd, T. G., Thompson, E., Pulkkinen, Karoliina, Undorf, S., Bender, F., Wikman-Svahn, Per, Doblas-Reyes, F., Flynn, C., Hegerl, G. C., Jönsson, A., Leung, G. -K, Roussos, J., Shepherd, T. G., and Thompson, E.

Abstract

QC 20220919

Published
2022
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9. Okur‐Chung neurodevelopmental syndrome: Eight additional cases with implications on phenotype and genotype expansion.

Author

Chiu, A. T. G., Pei, S. L. C., Mak, C. C. Y., Leung, G. K. C., Yu, M. H. C., Lee, S. L., Vreeburg, M., Pfundt, R., Van Der Burgt, I., Kleefstra, T., Frederic, T.M.‐t., Nambot, S., Faivre, L., Bruel, A.‐l., Rossi, M., Isidor, B., Küry, S., Cogne, B., Besnard, T., and Willems, M.

Subjects
NEURODEVELOPMENTAL treatment, MISSENSE mutation, FACIAL abnormalities
Abstract

Okur‐Chung syndrome is a neurodevelopmental condition attributed to germline CSNK2A1 pathogenic missense variants. We present 8 unreported subjects with the above syndrome, who have recognizable dysmorphism, varying degrees of developmental delay and multisystem involvement. Together with 6 previously reported cases, we present a case series of 7 female and 7 male subjects, highlighting the recognizable facial features of the syndrome (microcephaly, hypertelorism, epicanthic fold, ptosis, arched eyebrows, low set ears, ear fold abnormality, broad nasal bridge and round face) as well as frequently occurring clinical features including neurodevelopmental delay (93%), gastrointestinal (57%), musculoskeletal (57%) and immunological (43%) abnormalities. The variants reported in this study are evolutionary conserved and absent in the normal population. We observed that the CSNK2A1 gene is relatively intolerant to missense genetic changes, and most variants are within the protein kinase domain. All except 1 variant reported in this cohort are spatially located on the binding pocket of the holoenzyme. We further provide key recommendations on the management of Okur‐Chung syndrome. To conclude, this is the second case series on Okur‐Chung syndrome, and an in‐depth review of the phenotypic features and genomic findings of the condition with suggestions on clinical management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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12. CELL BIOLOGY AND SIGNALING

Author

Agarwal, M., primary, Nitta, R., additional, Dovat, S., additional, Li, G., additional, Arita, H., additional, Narita, Y., additional, Fukushima, S., additional, Tateishi, K., additional, Matsushita, Y., additional, Yoshida, A., additional, Miyakita, Y., additional, Ohno, M., additional, Collins, V. P., additional, Kawahara, N., additional, Shibui, S., additional, Ichimura, K., additional, Kahn, S. A., additional, Gholamin, S., additional, Junier, M.-P., additional, Chneiweiss, H., additional, Weissman, I., additional, Mitra, S., additional, Cheshier, S., additional, Avril, T., additional, Hamlat, A., additional, Le Reste, P.-J., additional, Mosser, J., additional, Quillien, V., additional, Carrato, C., additional, Munoz-Marmol, A., additional, Serrano, L., additional, Pijuan, L., additional, Hostalot, C., additional, Villa, S. l., additional, Ariza, A., additional, Etxaniz, O., additional, Balana, C., additional, Benveniste, E. T., additional, Zheng, Y., additional, McFarland, B., additional, Drygin, D., additional, Bellis, S., additional, Bredel, M., additional, Lotsch, D., additional, Engelmaier, C., additional, Allerstorfer, S., additional, Grusch, M., additional, Pichler, J., additional, Weis, S., additional, Hainfellner, J., additional, Marosi, C., additional, Spiegl-Kreinecker, S., additional, Berger, W., additional, Bronisz, A., additional, Nowicki, M. O., additional, Wang, Y., additional, Ansari, K., additional, Chiocca, E. A., additional, Godlewski, J., additional, Brown, K., additional, Kwatra, M., additional, Bui, T., additional, Zhu, S., additional, Kozono, D., additional, Li, J., additional, Kushwaha, D., additional, Carter, B., additional, Chen, C., additional, Schulte, J., additional, Srikanth, M., additional, Das, S., additional, Zhang, J., additional, Lathia, J., additional, Yin, L., additional, Rich, J., additional, Olson, E., additional, Kessler, J., additional, Chenn, A., additional, Cherry, A., additional, Haas, B., additional, Lin, Y. H., additional, Ong, S.-E., additional, Stella, N., additional, Cifarelli, C. P., additional, Griffin, R. J., additional, Cong, D., additional, Zhu, W., additional, Shi, Y., additional, Clark, P., additional, Kuo, J., additional, Hu, S., additional, Sun, D., additional, Bookland, M., additional, Darbinian, N., additional, Dey, A., additional, Robitaille, M., additional, Remke, M., additional, Faury, D., additional, Maier, C., additional, Malhotra, A., additional, Jabado, N., additional, Taylor, M., additional, Angers, S., additional, Kenney, A., additional, Ren, X., additional, Zhou, H., additional, Schur, M., additional, Baweja, A., additional, Singh, M., additional, Erdreich-Epstein, A., additional, Fu, J., additional, Koul, D., additional, Yao, J., additional, Saito, N., additional, Zheng, S., additional, Verhaak, R., additional, Lu, Z., additional, Yung, W. K. A., additional, Gomez, G., additional, Volinia, S., additional, Croce, C., additional, Brennan, C., additional, Cavenee, W., additional, Furnari, F., additional, Lopez, S. G., additional, Qu, D., additional, Petritsch, C., additional, Gonzalez-Huarriz, M., additional, Aldave, G., additional, Ravi, D., additional, Rubio, A., additional, Diez-Valle, R., additional, Marigil, M., additional, Jauregi, P., additional, Vera, B., additional, Rocha, A. A. d. l., additional, Tejada-Solis, S., additional, Alonso, M. M., additional, Gopal, U., additional, Isaacs, J., additional, Gruber-Olipitz, M., additional, Dabral, S., additional, Ramkissoon, S., additional, Kung, A., additional, Pak, E., additional, Chung, J., additional, Theisen, M., additional, Sun, Y., additional, Monrose, V., additional, Franchetti, Y., additional, Shulman, D., additional, Redjal, N., additional, Tabak, B., additional, Beroukhim, R., additional, Zhao, J., additional, Buonamici, S., additional, Ligon, K., additional, Kelleher, J., additional, Segal, R., additional, Canton, D., additional, Diaz, P., additional, Scott, J., additional, Hara, K., additional, Kageji, T., additional, Mizobuchi, Y., additional, Kitazato, K., additional, Okazaki, T., additional, Fujihara, T., additional, Nakajima, K., additional, Mure, H., additional, Kuwayama, K., additional, Hara, T., additional, Nagahiro, S., additional, Hill, L., additional, Botfield, H., additional, Hossain-Ibrahim, K., additional, Logan, A., additional, Cruickshank, G., additional, Liu, Y., additional, Gilbert, M., additional, Kyprianou, N., additional, Rangnekar, V., additional, Horbinski, C., additional, Hu, Y., additional, Vo, C., additional, Li, Z., additional, Ke, C., additional, Ru, N., additional, Hess, K. R., additional, Linskey, M. E., additional, Zhou, Y.-a. H., additional, Hu, F., additional, Vinnakota, K., additional, Wolf, S., additional, Kettenmann, H., additional, Jackson, P. J., additional, Larson, J. D., additional, Beckmann, D. A., additional, Moriarity, B. S., additional, Largaespada, D. A., additional, Jalali, S., additional, Agnihotri, S., additional, Singh, S., additional, Burrell, K., additional, Croul, S., additional, Zadeh, G., additional, Kang, S.-H., additional, Yu, M. O., additional, Song, N.-H., additional, Park, K.-J., additional, Chi, S.-G., additional, Chung, Y.-G., additional, Kim, S. K., additional, Kim, J. W., additional, Kim, J. Y., additional, Kim, J. E., additional, Choi, S. H., additional, Kim, T. M., additional, Lee, S.-H., additional, Kim, S.-K., additional, Park, S.-H., additional, Kim, I. H., additional, Park, C.-K., additional, Jung, H.-W., additional, Koldobskiy, M., additional, Ahmed, I., additional, Ho, G., additional, Snowman, A., additional, Raabe, E., additional, Eberhart, C., additional, Snyder, S., additional, Gugel, I., additional, Bornemann, A., additional, Pantazis, G., additional, Mack, S., additional, Shih, D., additional, Sabha, N., additional, Tatagiba, M., additional, Krischek, B., additional, Schulte, A., additional, Liffers, K., additional, Kathagen, A., additional, Riethdorf, S., additional, Westphal, M., additional, Lamszus, K., additional, Lee, J. S., additional, Xiao, J., additional, Patel, P., additional, Schade, J., additional, Wang, J., additional, Deneen, B., additional, Song, H.-R., additional, Leiss, L., additional, Gjerde, C., additional, Saed, H., additional, Rahman, A., additional, Lellahi, M., additional, Enger, P. O., additional, Leung, R., additional, Gil, O., additional, Lei, L., additional, Canoll, P., additional, Sun, S., additional, Lee, D., additional, Ho, A. S. W., additional, Pu, J. K. S., additional, Zhang, X.-q., additional, Lee, N. P., additional, Dat, P. J. R., additional, Leung, G. K. K., additional, Loetsch, D., additional, Steiner, E., additional, Holzmann, K., additional, Pirker, C., additional, Hlavaty, J., additional, Petznek, H., additional, Hegedus, B., additional, Garay, T., additional, Mohr, T., additional, Sommergruber, W., additional, Lukiw, W. J., additional, Jones, B. M., additional, Zhao, Y., additional, Bhattacharjee, S., additional, Culicchia, F., additional, Magnus, N., additional, Garnier, D., additional, Meehan, B., additional, McGraw, S., additional, Hashemi, M., additional, Lee, T. H., additional, Milsom, C., additional, Gerges, N., additional, Trasler, J., additional, Pawlinski, R., additional, Mackman, N., additional, Rak, J., additional, Maherally, Z., additional, Thorne, A., additional, An, Q., additional, Barbu, E., additional, Fillmore, H., additional, Pilkington, G., additional, Tan, S. L., additional, Tan, S., additional, Choi, S., additional, Potts, C., additional, Ford, D. A., additional, Nahle, Z., additional, Kenney, A. M., additional, Matlaf, L., additional, Khan, S., additional, Zider, A., additional, Singer, E., additional, Cobbs, C., additional, Soroceanu, L., additional, McFarland, B. C., additional, Hong, S. W., additional, Rajbhandari, R., additional, Twitty, G. B., additional, Gray, G. K., additional, Yu, H., additional, Benveniste, E. N., additional, Nozell, S. E., additional, Minata, M., additional, Kim, S., additional, Mao, P., additional, Kaushal, J., additional, Nakano, I., additional, Mizowaki, T., additional, Sasayama, T., additional, Tanaka, K., additional, Mizukawa, K., additional, Nishihara, M., additional, Nakamizo, S., additional, Tanaka, H., additional, Kohta, M., additional, Hosoda, K., additional, Kohmura, E., additional, Moeckel, S., additional, Meyer, K., additional, Leukel, P., additional, Bogdahn, U., additional, Riehmenschneider, M. J., additional, Bosserhoff, A. K., additional, Spang, R., additional, Hau, P., additional, Mukasa, A., additional, Watanabe, A., additional, Ogiwara, H., additional, Aburatani, H., additional, Mukherjee, J., additional, Obha, S., additional, See, W., additional, Pieper, R., additional, Otsuka, R., additional, Kung, D., additional, Sinha, T., additional, Meares, G., additional, Nozell, S., additional, Ott, M., additional, Litzenburger, U., additional, Rauschenbach, K., additional, Bunse, L., additional, Pusch, S., additional, Ochs, K., additional, Sahm, F., additional, Opitz, C., additional, von Deimling, A., additional, Wick, W., additional, Platten, M., additional, Peruzzi, P., additional, Read, R., additional, Fenton, T., additional, Wykosky, J., additional, Vandenberg, S., additional, Babic, I., additional, Iwanami, A., additional, Yang, H., additional, Mischel, P., additional, Thomas, J., additional, Ronellenfitsch, M. W., additional, Thiepold, A. L., additional, Harter, P. N., additional, Mittelbronn, M., additional, Steinbach, J. P., additional, Rybakova, Y., additional, Kalen, A., additional, Sarsour, E., additional, Goswami, P., additional, Silber, J., additional, Harinath, G., additional, Aldaz, B., additional, Fabius, A. W. M., additional, Turcan, S., additional, Chan, T. A., additional, Huse, J. T., additional, Sonabend, A. M., additional, Bansal, M., additional, Guarnieri, P., additional, Soderquist, C., additional, Yun, J., additional, Kennedy, B., additional, Sisti, J., additional, Bruce, S., additional, Bruce, R., additional, Shakya, R., additional, Ludwig, T., additional, Rosenfeld, S., additional, Sims, P. A., additional, Bruce, J. N., additional, Califano, A., additional, Stockhausen, M.-T., additional, Kristoffersen, K., additional, Olsen, L. S., additional, Poulsen, H. S., additional, Stringer, B., additional, Day, B., additional, Barry, G., additional, Piper, M., additional, Jamieson, P., additional, Ensbey, K., additional, Bruce, Z., additional, Richards, L., additional, Boyd, A., additional, Sufit, A., additional, Burleson, T., additional, Le, J. P., additional, Keating, A. K., additional, Sundstrom, T., additional, Varughese, J. K., additional, Harter, P., additional, Prestegarden, L., additional, Petersen, K., additional, Azuaje, F., additional, Tepper, C., additional, Ingham, E., additional, Even, L., additional, Johnson, S., additional, Skaftnesmo, K. O., additional, Lund-Johansen, M., additional, Bjerkvig, R., additional, Ferrara, K., additional, Thorsen, F., additional, Takeshima, H., additional, Yamashita, S., additional, Yokogami, K., additional, Mizuguchi, S., additional, Nakamura, H., additional, Kuratsu, J., additional, Fukushima, T., additional, Morishita, K., additional, Tang, Y., additional, Vaka, D., additional, Chen, S., additional, Ponnuswami, A., additional, Cho, Y.-J., additional, Monje, M., additional, Nakamura, T., additional, Cahill, D., additional, Tiemann, K., additional, Hedman, H., additional, Niclou, S. P., additional, Timmer, M., additional, Tjiong, R., additional, Rohn, G., additional, Goldbrunner, R., additional, Stavrinou, P., additional, Perrech, M., additional, Tokita, M., additional, Mikheev, S., additional, Sellers, D., additional, Mikheev, A., additional, Kosai, Y., additional, Rostomily, R., additional, Tritschler, I., additional, Seystahl, K., additional, Schroeder, J. J., additional, Weller, M., additional, Wade, A., additional, Robinson, A. E., additional, Phillips, J. J., additional, Gong, Y., additional, Ma, Y., additional, Cheng, Z., additional, Thompson, R., additional, Fan, Q.-W., additional, Cheng, C., additional, Gustafson, W., additional, Charron, E., additional, Zipper, P., additional, Wong, R., additional, Chen, J., additional, Lau, J., additional, Knobbe-Thosen, C., additional, Jura, N., additional, Reifenberger, G., additional, Shokat, K., additional, Weiss, W., additional, Wu, S., additional, Hu, J., additional, Taylor, T., additional, Villa, G. R., additional, Mischel, P. S., additional, Gonias, S. L., additional, Yamashita, D., additional, Kondo, T., additional, Takahashi, H., additional, Inoue, A., additional, Kohno, S., additional, Harada, H., additional, Ohue, S., additional, Ohnishi, T., additional, Li, P., additional, Ng, J., additional, Yuelling, L., additional, Du, F., additional, Curran, T., additional, Yang, Z.-j., additional, Zhu, D., additional, Castellino, R. C., additional, Van Meir, E. G., additional, Begum, G., additional, Wang, Q., additional, Yang, S.-S., additional, Lin, S.-H., additional, and Kahle, K., additional

Published
2013
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13. EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS AND PHARMACOLOGY

Author

Aaberg-Jessen, C., primary, Fogh, L., additional, Halle, B., additional, Jensen, V., additional, Brunner, N., additional, Kristensen, B. W., additional, Abe, T., additional, Momii, Y., additional, Watanabe, J., additional, Morisaki, I., additional, Natsume, A., additional, Wakabayashi, T., additional, Fujiki, M., additional, Aldaz, B., additional, Fabius, A. W. M., additional, Silber, J., additional, Harinath, G., additional, Chan, T. A., additional, Huse, J. T., additional, Anai, S., additional, Hide, T., additional, Nakamura, H., additional, Makino, K., additional, Yano, S., additional, Kuratsu, J.-i., additional, Balyasnikova, I. V., additional, Prasol, M. S., additional, Kanoija, D. K., additional, Aboody, K. S., additional, Lesniak, M. S., additional, Barone, T., additional, Burkhart, C., additional, Purmal, A., additional, Gudkov, A., additional, Gurova, K., additional, Plunkett, R., additional, Barton, K., additional, Misuraca, K., additional, Cordero, F., additional, Dobrikova, E., additional, Min, H., additional, Gromeier, M., additional, Kirsch, D., additional, Becher, O., additional, Pont, L. B., additional, Kloezeman, J., additional, van den Bent, M., additional, Kanaar, R., additional, Kremer, A., additional, Swagemakers, S., additional, French, P., additional, Dirven, C., additional, Lamfers, M., additional, Leenstra, S., additional, Balvers, R., additional, Kleijn, A., additional, Lawler, S., additional, Gong, X., additional, Andres, A., additional, Hanson, J., additional, Delashaw, J., additional, Bota, D., additional, Chen, C.-C., additional, Yao, N.-W., additional, Chuang, W.-J., additional, Chang, C., additional, Chen, P.-Y., additional, Huang, C.-Y., additional, Wei, K.-C., additional, Cheng, Y., additional, Dai, Q., additional, Morshed, R., additional, Han, Y., additional, Auffinger, B., additional, Wainwright, D., additional, Zhang, L., additional, Tobias, A., additional, Rincon, E., additional, Thaci, B., additional, Ahmed, A., additional, He, C., additional, Lesniak, M., additional, Choi, Y. A., additional, Pandya, H., additional, Gibo, D. M., additional, Fokt, I., additional, Priebe, W., additional, Debinski, W., additional, Chornenkyy, Y., additional, Agnihotri, S., additional, Buczkowicz, P., additional, Rakopoulos, P., additional, Morrison, A., additional, Barszczyk, M., additional, Hawkins, C., additional, Chung, S., additional, Decollogne, S., additional, Luk, P., additional, Shen, H., additional, Ha, W., additional, Day, B., additional, Stringer, B., additional, Hogg, P., additional, Dilda, P., additional, McDonald, K., additional, Moore, S., additional, Hayden-Gephart, M., additional, Bergen, J., additional, Su, Y., additional, Rayburn, H., additional, Edwards, M., additional, Scott, M., additional, Cochran, J., additional, Das, A., additional, Varma, A. K., additional, Wallace, G. C., additional, Dixon-Mah, Y. N., additional, Vandergrift, W. A., additional, Giglio, P., additional, Ray, S. K., additional, Patel, S. J., additional, Banik, N. L., additional, Dasgupta, T., additional, Olow, A., additional, Yang, X., additional, Mueller, S., additional, Prados, M., additional, James, C. D., additional, Haas-Kogan, D., additional, Dave, N. D., additional, Desai, P. B., additional, Gudelsky, G. A., additional, Chow, L. M. L., additional, LaSance, K., additional, Qi, X., additional, Driscoll, J., additional, Ebsworth, K., additional, Walters, M. J., additional, Ertl, L. S., additional, Wang, Y., additional, Berahovic, R. D., additional, McMahon, J., additional, Powers, J. P., additional, Jaen, J. C., additional, Schall, T. J., additional, Eroglu, Z., additional, Portnow, J., additional, Sacramento, A., additional, Garcia, E., additional, Raubitschek, A., additional, Synold, T., additional, Esaki, S., additional, Rabkin, S., additional, Martuza, R., additional, Wakimoto, H., additional, Ferluga, S., additional, Tome, C. L., additional, Forde, H. E., additional, Netland, I. A., additional, Sleire, L., additional, Skeie, B., additional, Enger, P. O., additional, Goplen, D., additional, Giladi, M., additional, Tichon, A., additional, Schneiderman, R., additional, Porat, Y., additional, Munster, M., additional, Dishon, M., additional, Weinberg, U., additional, Kirson, E., additional, Wasserman, Y., additional, Palti, Y., additional, Gramatzki, D., additional, Staudinger, M., additional, Frei, K., additional, Peipp, M., additional, Weller, M., additional, Grasso, C., additional, Liu, L., additional, Berlow, N., additional, Davis, L., additional, Fouladi, M., additional, Gajjar, A., additional, Huang, E., additional, Hulleman, E., additional, Hutt, M., additional, Keller, C., additional, Li, X.-N., additional, Meltzer, P., additional, Quezado, M., additional, Quist, M., additional, Raabe, E., additional, Spellman, P., additional, Truffaux, N., additional, van Vurden, D., additional, Wang, N., additional, Warren, K., additional, Pal, R., additional, Grill, J., additional, Monje, M., additional, Green, A. L., additional, Ramkissoon, S., additional, McCauley, D., additional, Jones, K., additional, Perry, J. A., additional, Ramkissoon, L., additional, Maire, C., additional, Shacham, S., additional, Ligon, K. L., additional, Kung, A. L., additional, Zielinska-Chomej, K., additional, Grozman, V., additional, Tu, J., additional, Viktorsson, K., additional, Lewensohn, R., additional, Gupta, S., additional, Mladek, A., additional, Bakken, K., additional, Carlson, B., additional, Boakye-Agyeman, F., additional, Kizilbash, S., additional, Schroeder, M., additional, Reid, J., additional, Sarkaria, J., additional, Hadaczek, P., additional, Ozawa, T., additional, Soroceanu, L., additional, Yoshida, Y., additional, Matlaf, L., additional, Singer, E., additional, Fiallos, E., additional, Cobbs, C. S., additional, Hashizume, R., additional, Tom, M., additional, Ihara, Y., additional, Santos, R., additional, Torre, J. D. L., additional, Lepe, E., additional, Waldman, T., additional, James, D., additional, Huang, X., additional, Yu-Jen, L., additional, Gupta, N., additional, Solomon, D., additional, Zhang, Z., additional, Hayashi, T., additional, Adachi, K., additional, Nagahisa, S., additional, Hasegawa, M., additional, Hirose, Y., additional, Gephart, M. H., additional, Su, Y. S., additional, Hingtgen, S., additional, Kasmieh, R., additional, Nesterenko, I., additional, Figueiredo, J.-L., additional, Dash, R., additional, Sarkar, D., additional, Fisher, P., additional, Shah, K., additional, Horne, E., additional, Diaz, P., additional, Stella, N., additional, Huang, C., additional, Yang, H., additional, Wei, K., additional, Huang, T., additional, Hlavaty, J., additional, Ostertag, D., additional, Espinoza, F. L., additional, Martin, B., additional, Petznek, H., additional, Rodriguez-Aguirre, M., additional, Ibanez, C., additional, Kasahara, N., additional, Gunzburg, W., additional, Gruber, H., additional, Pertschuk, D., additional, Jolly, D., additional, Robbins, J., additional, Hurwitz, B., additional, Yoo, J. Y., additional, Bolyard, C., additional, Yu, J.-G., additional, Wojton, J., additional, Zhang, J., additional, Bailey, Z., additional, Eaves, D., additional, Cripe, T., additional, Old, M., additional, Kaur, B., additional, Serwer, L., additional, Le Moan, N., additional, Ng, S., additional, Butowski, N., additional, Krtolica, A., additional, Cary, S. P. L., additional, Johns, T., additional, Greenall, S., additional, Donoghue, J., additional, Adams, T., additional, Karpel-Massler, G., additional, Westhoff, M.-A., additional, Kast, R. E., additional, Dwucet, A., additional, Wirtz, C. R., additional, Debatin, K.-M., additional, Halatsch, M.-E., additional, Merkur, N., additional, Kievit, F., additional, Stephen, Z., additional, Wang, K., additional, Kolstoe, D., additional, Ellenbogen, R., additional, Zhang, M., additional, Kitange, G., additional, Haefner, E., additional, Knubel, K., additional, Pernu, B. M., additional, Sufit, A., additional, Pierce, A. M., additional, Nelson, S. K., additional, Keating, A. K., additional, Jensen, S. S., additional, Lachowicz, J., additional, Demeule, M., additional, Regina, A., additional, Tripathy, S., additional, Curry, J.-C., additional, Nguyen, T., additional, Castaigne, J.-P., additional, Davis, T., additional, Davis, A., additional, Tanaka, K., additional, Keating, T., additional, Getz, J., additional, Kapp, G. T., additional, Romero, J. M., additional, Lee, S., additional, Ramisetti, S., additional, Slagle-Webb, B., additional, Sharma, A., additional, Connor, J., additional, Lee, W.-S., additional, Kluk, M., additional, Aster, J. C., additional, Ligon, K., additional, Sun, S., additional, Lee, D., additional, Ho, A. S. W., additional, Pu, J. K. S., additional, Zhang, Z.-q., additional, Lee, N. P., additional, Day, P. J. R., additional, Leung, G. K. K., additional, Liu, Z., additional, Liu, X., additional, Madhankumar, A. B., additional, Miller, P., additional, Webb, B., additional, Connor, J. R., additional, Yang, Q. X., additional, Lobo, M., additional, Green, S., additional, Schabel, M., additional, Gillespie, Y., additional, Woltjer, R., additional, Pike, M., additional, Lu, Y.-J., additional, Luchman, H. A., additional, Stechishin, O., additional, Nguyen, S., additional, Cairncross, J. G., additional, Weiss, S., additional, Lun, X., additional, Wells, J. C., additional, Hao, X., additional, Grinshtein, N., additional, Kaplan, D., additional, Luchman, A., additional, Senger, D., additional, Robbins, S., additional, Madhankumar, A., additional, Rizk, E., additional, Payne, R., additional, Park, A., additional, Pang, M., additional, Harbaugh, K., additional, Wilisch-Neumann, A., additional, Pachow, D., additional, Kirches, E., additional, Mawrin, C., additional, McDonell, S., additional, Liang, J., additional, Piao, Y., additional, Nguyen, N., additional, Yung, A., additional, Verhaak, R., additional, Sulman, E., additional, Stephan, C., additional, Lang, F., additional, de Groot, J., additional, Mizobuchi, Y., additional, Okazaki, T., additional, Kageji, T., additional, Kuwayama, K., additional, Kitazato, K. T., additional, Mure, H., additional, Hara, K., additional, Morigaki, R., additional, Matsuzaki, K., additional, Nakajima, K., additional, Nagahiro, S., additional, Kumala, S., additional, Heravi, M., additional, Devic, S., additional, Muanza, T., additional, Knubel, K. H., additional, Neuwelt, A., additional, Wu, Y. J., additional, Donson, A., additional, Vibhakar, R., additional, Venkatamaran, S., additional, Amani, V., additional, Neuwelt, E., additional, Rapkin, L., additional, Foreman, N., additional, Ibrahim, F., additional, New, P., additional, Cui, K., additional, Zhao, H., additional, Chow, D., additional, Stephen, W., additional, Nozue-Okada, K., additional, Nagane, M., additional, McDonald, K. L., additional, Ogawa, D., additional, Chiocca, E., additional, Godlewski, J., additional, Patel, A., additional, Pasupuleti, N., additional, Gorin, F., additional, Valenzuela, A., additional, Leon, L., additional, Carraway, K., additional, Ramachandran, C., additional, Nair, S., additional, Quirrin, K.-W., additional, Khatib, Z., additional, Escalon, E., additional, Melnick, S., additional, Phillips, A., additional, Boghaert, E., additional, Vaidya, K., additional, Ansell, P., additional, Shalinsky, D., additional, Zhang, Y., additional, Voorbach, M., additional, Mudd, S., additional, Holen, K., additional, Humerickhouse, R., additional, Reilly, E., additional, Parab, S., additional, Diago, O., additional, Ryken, T., additional, Agarwal, S., additional, Al-Keilani, M., additional, Alqudah, M., additional, Sibenaller, Z., additional, Assemolt, M., additional, Sai, K., additional, Li, W.-y., additional, Li, W.-p., additional, Chen, Z.-p., additional, Saito, R., additional, Sonoda, Y., additional, Kanamori, M., additional, Yamashita, Y., additional, Kumabe, T., additional, Tominaga, T., additional, Sarkar, G., additional, Curran, G., additional, Jenkins, R., additional, Scharnweber, R., additional, Kato, Y., additional, Lin, J., additional, Everson, R., additional, Soto, H., additional, Kruse, C., additional, Liau, L., additional, Prins, R., additional, Semenkow, S., additional, Chu, Q., additional, Eberhart, C., additional, Sengupta, R., additional, Marassa, J., additional, Piwnica-Worms, D., additional, Rubin, J., additional, Shai, R., additional, Pismenyuk, T., additional, Moshe, I., additional, Fisher, T., additional, Freedman, S., additional, Simon, A., additional, Amariglio, N., additional, Rechavi, G., additional, Toren, A., additional, Yalon, M., additional, Shimazu, Y., additional, Kurozumi, K., additional, Ichikawa, T., additional, Fujii, K., additional, Onishi, M., additional, Ishida, J., additional, Oka, T., additional, Watanabe, M., additional, Nasu, Y., additional, Kumon, H., additional, Date, I., additional, Sirianni, R. W., additional, McCall, R. L., additional, Spoor, J., additional, van der Kaaij, M., additional, Geurtjens, M., additional, Veiseh, O., additional, Fang, C., additional, Leung, M., additional, Strohbehn, G., additional, Atsina, K.-K., additional, Patel, T., additional, Piepmeier, J., additional, Zhou, J., additional, Saltzman, W. M., additional, Takahashi, M., additional, Valdes, G., additional, Inagaki, A., additional, Kamijima, S., additional, Hiraoka, K., additional, Micewicz, E., additional, McBride, W. H., additional, Iwamoto, K. S., additional, Gruber, H. E., additional, Robbins, J. M., additional, Jolly, D. J., additional, McCully, C., additional, Bacher, J., additional, Thomas, T., additional, Murphy, R., additional, Steffen-Smith, E., additional, McAllister, R., additional, Pastakia, D., additional, Widemann, B., additional, Chen, P., additional, Hua, M., additional, Liu, H., additional, Woolf, E. C., additional, Abdelwahab, M. G., additional, Fenton, K. E., additional, Liu, Q., additional, Turner, G., additional, Preul, M. C., additional, Scheck, A. C., additional, Shen, W., additional, Brown, D., additional, Pedersen, H., additional, Hariono, S., additional, Yao, T.-W., additional, Sidhu, A., additional, Weiss, W. A., additional, Nicolaides, T. P., additional, and Olusanya, T., additional

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2013
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14. OMICS AND PROGNSTIC MARKERS

Author

Adachi, K., primary, Sasaki, H., additional, Nagahisa, S., additional, Yoshida, K., additional, Hattori, N., additional, Nishiyama, Y., additional, Kawase, T., additional, Hasegawa, M., additional, Abe, M., additional, Hirose, Y., additional, Alentorn, A., additional, Marie, Y., additional, Poggioli, S., additional, Alshehhi, H., additional, Boisselier, B., additional, Carpentier, C., additional, Mokhtari, K., additional, Capelle, L., additional, Figarella-Branger, D., additional, Hoang-Xuan, K., additional, Sanson, M., additional, Delattre, J.-Y., additional, Idbaih, A., additional, Yust-Katz, S., additional, Anderson, M., additional, Olar, A., additional, Eterovic, A., additional, Ezzeddine, N., additional, Chen, K., additional, Zhao, H., additional, Fuller, G., additional, Aldape, K., additional, de Groot, J., additional, Andor, N., additional, Harness, J., additional, Lopez, S. G., additional, Fung, T. L., additional, Mewes, H. W., additional, Petritsch, C., additional, Arivazhagan, A., additional, Somasundaram, K., additional, Thennarasu, K., additional, Pandey, P., additional, Anandh, B., additional, Santosh, V., additional, Chandramouli, B., additional, Hegde, A., additional, Kondaiah, P., additional, Rao, M., additional, Bell, R., additional, Kang, R., additional, Hong, C., additional, Song, J., additional, Costello, J., additional, Nagarajan, R., additional, Zhang, B., additional, Diaz, A., additional, Wang, T., additional, Bie, L., additional, Li, Y., additional, Liu, H., additional, Luyo, W. F. C., additional, Carnero, M. H., additional, Iruegas, M. E. P., additional, Morell, A. R., additional, Figueiras, M. C., additional, Lopez, R. L., additional, Valverde, C. F., additional, Chan, A. K.-Y., additional, Pang, J. C.-S., additional, Chung, N. Y.-F., additional, Li, K. K.-W., additional, Poon, W. S., additional, Chan, D. T.-M., additional, Wang, Y., additional, Ng, H.-a. K., additional, Chaumeil, M., additional, Larson, P., additional, Yoshihara, H., additional, Vigneron, D., additional, Nelson, S., additional, Pieper, R., additional, Phillips, J., additional, Ronen, S., additional, Clark, V., additional, Omay, Z. E., additional, Serin, A., additional, Gunel, J., additional, Omay, B., additional, Grady, C., additional, Youngblood, M., additional, Bilguvar, K., additional, Baehring, J., additional, Piepmeier, J., additional, Gutin, P., additional, Vortmeyer, A., additional, Brennan, C., additional, Pamir, M. N., additional, Kilic, T., additional, Krischek, B., additional, Simon, M., additional, Yasuno, K., additional, Gunel, M., additional, Cohen, A. L., additional, Sato, M., additional, Aldape, K. D., additional, Mason, C., additional, Diefes, K., additional, Heathcock, L., additional, Abegglen, L., additional, Shrieve, D., additional, Couldwell, W., additional, Schiffman, J. D., additional, Colman, H., additional, D'Alessandris, Q. G., additional, Cenci, T., additional, Martini, M., additional, Ricci-Vitiani, L., additional, De Maria, R., additional, Larocca, L. M., additional, Pallini, R., additional, Theeler, B., additional, Lang, F., additional, Rao, G., additional, Gilbert, M., additional, Sulman, E., additional, Luthra, R., additional, Eterovic, K., additional, Routbort, M., additional, Verhaak, R., additional, Mills, G., additional, Mendelsohn, J., additional, Meric-Bernstam, F., additional, Yung, A., additional, MacArthur, K., additional, Hahn, S., additional, Kao, G., additional, Lustig, R., additional, Alonso-Basanta, M., additional, Chandrasekaran, S., additional, Wileyto, E. P., additional, Reyes, E., additional, Dorsey, J., additional, Fujii, K., additional, Kurozumi, K., additional, Ichikawa, T., additional, Onishi, M., additional, Ishida, J., additional, Shimazu, Y., additional, Kaur, B., additional, Chiocca, E. A., additional, Date, I., additional, Geisenberger, C., additional, Mock, A., additional, Warta, R., additional, Schwager, C., additional, Hartmann, C., additional, von Deimling, A., additional, Abdollahi, A., additional, Herold-Mende, C., additional, Gevaert, O., additional, Achrol, A., additional, Gholamin, S., additional, Mitra, S., additional, Westbroek, E., additional, Loya, J., additional, Mitchell, L., additional, Chang, S., additional, Steinberg, G., additional, Plevritis, S., additional, Cheshier, S., additional, Xu, J., additional, Napel, S., additional, Zaharchuk, G., additional, Harsh, G., additional, Gutman, D., additional, Holder, C., additional, Colen, R., additional, Dunn, W., additional, Jain, R., additional, Cooper, L., additional, Hwang, S., additional, Flanders, A., additional, Brat, D., additional, Hayes, J., additional, Droop, A., additional, Thygesen, H., additional, Boissinot, M., additional, Westhead, D., additional, Short, S., additional, Lawler, S., additional, Bady, P., additional, Kurscheid, S., additional, Delorenzi, M., additional, Hegi, M. E., additional, Crosby, C., additional, Faulkner, C., additional, Smye-Rumsby, T., additional, Kurian, K., additional, Williams, M., additional, Hopkins, K., additional, Palmer, A., additional, Williams, H., additional, Wragg, C., additional, Haynes, H. R., additional, Kurian, K. M., additional, White, P., additional, Oka, T., additional, Jalbert, L., additional, Elkhaled, A., additional, Jensen, R., additional, Salzman, K., additional, Schabel, M., additional, Gillespie, D., additional, Mumert, M., additional, Johnson, B., additional, Mazor, T., additional, Barnes, M., additional, Yamamoto, S., additional, Ueda, H., additional, Tatsuno, K., additional, Aihara, K., additional, Bollen, A., additional, Hirst, M., additional, Marra, M., additional, Mukasa, A., additional, Saito, N., additional, Aburatani, H., additional, Berger, M., additional, Taylor, B., additional, Popov, S., additional, Mackay, A., additional, Ingram, W., additional, Burford, A., additional, Jury, A., additional, Vinci, M., additional, Jones, C., additional, Jones, D. T. W., additional, Hovestadt, V., additional, Picelli, S., additional, Wang, W., additional, Northcott, P. A., additional, Kool, M., additional, Reifenberger, G., additional, Pietsch, T., additional, Sultan, M., additional, Lehrach, H., additional, Yaspo, M.-L., additional, Borkhardt, A., additional, Landgraf, P., additional, Eils, R., additional, Korshunov, A., additional, Zapatka, M., additional, Radlwimmer, B., additional, Pfister, S. M., additional, Lichter, P., additional, Joy, A., additional, Smirnov, I., additional, Reiser, M., additional, Shapiro, W., additional, Kim, S., additional, Feuerstein, B., additional, Jungk, C., additional, Friauf, S., additional, Unterberg, A., additional, Juratli, T. A., additional, McElroy, J., additional, Meng, W., additional, Huebner, A., additional, Geiger, K. D., additional, Krex, D., additional, Schackert, G., additional, Chakravarti, A., additional, Lautenschlaeger, T., additional, Kim, B. Y., additional, Jiang, W., additional, Beiko, J., additional, Prabhu, S., additional, DeMonte, F., additional, Sawaya, R., additional, Cahill, D., additional, McCutcheon, I., additional, Lau, C., additional, Wang, L., additional, Terashima, K., additional, Yamaguchi, S., additional, Burstein, M., additional, Sun, J., additional, Suzuki, T., additional, Nishikawa, R., additional, Nakamura, H., additional, Natsume, A., additional, Terasaka, S., additional, Ng, H.-K., additional, Muzny, D., additional, Gibbs, R., additional, Wheeler, D., additional, Zhang, X.-q., additional, Sun, S., additional, Lam, K.-f., additional, Kiang, K. M. Y., additional, Pu, J. K. S., additional, Ho, A. S. W., additional, Leung, G. K. K., additional, Loebel, F., additional, Curry, W. T., additional, Barker, F. G., additional, Lelic, N., additional, Chi, A. S., additional, Cahill, D. P., additional, Lu, D., additional, Yin, J., additional, Teo, C., additional, McDonald, K., additional, Madhankumar, A., additional, Weston, C., additional, Slagle-Webb, B., additional, Sheehan, J., additional, Patel, A., additional, Glantz, M., additional, Connor, J., additional, Maire, C., additional, Francis, J., additional, Zhang, C.-Z., additional, Jung, J., additional, Manzo, V., additional, Adalsteinsson, V., additional, Homer, H., additional, Blumenstiel, B., additional, Pedamallu, C. S., additional, Nickerson, E., additional, Ligon, A., additional, Love, C., additional, Meyerson, M., additional, Ligon, K., additional, Jalbert, L. E., additional, Nelson, S. J., additional, Bollen, A. W., additional, Smirnov, I. V., additional, Song, J. S., additional, Olshen, A. B., additional, Berger, M. S., additional, Chang, S. M., additional, Taylor, B. S., additional, Costello, J. F., additional, Mehta, S., additional, Armstrong, B., additional, Peng, S., additional, Bapat, A., additional, Berens, M., additional, Melendez, B., additional, Mollejo, M., additional, Mur, P., additional, Hernandez-Iglesias, T., additional, Fiano, C., additional, Ruiz, J., additional, Rey, J. A., additional, Stadler, V., additional, Schulte, A., additional, Lamszus, K., additional, Schichor, C., additional, Westphal, M., additional, Tonn, J.-C., additional, Morozova, O., additional, Katzman, S., additional, Grifford, M., additional, Salama, S., additional, Haussler, D., additional, Olshen, A., additional, Fouse, S., additional, Nakamizo, S., additional, Sasayama, T., additional, Tanaka, H., additional, Tanaka, K., additional, Mizukawa, K., additional, Yoshida, M., additional, Kohmura, E., additional, Northcott, P., additional, Jones, D., additional, Pfister, S., additional, Otani, R., additional, Takayanagi, S., additional, Saito, K., additional, Tanaka, S., additional, Shin, M., additional, Ozawa, T., additional, Riester, M., additional, Cheng, Y.-K., additional, Huse, J., additional, Helmy, K., additional, Charles, N., additional, Squatrito, M., additional, Michor, F., additional, Holland, E., additional, Perrech, M., additional, Dreher, L., additional, Rohn, G., additional, Goldbrunner, R., additional, Timmer, M., additional, Pollo, B., additional, Palumbo, V., additional, Calatozzolo, C., additional, Patane, M., additional, Nunziata, R., additional, Farinotti, M., additional, Silvani, A., additional, Lodrini, S., additional, Finocchiaro, G., additional, Lopez, E., additional, Rioscovian, A., additional, Ruiz, R., additional, Siordia, G., additional, de Leon, A. P., additional, Rostomily, C., additional, Rostomily, R., additional, Silbergeld, D., additional, Kolstoe, D., additional, Chamberlain, M., additional, Silber, J., additional, Roth, P., additional, Keller, A., additional, Hoheisel, J., additional, Codo, P., additional, Bauer, A., additional, Backes, C., additional, Leidinger, P., additional, Meese, E., additional, Thiel, E., additional, Korfel, A., additional, Weller, M., additional, Nagae, G., additional, Nagane, M., additional, Sanborn, J. Z., additional, Mikkelsen, T., additional, Jhanwar, S., additional, Chin, L., additional, Nishihara, M., additional, Schliesser, M., additional, Grimm, C., additional, Weiss, E., additional, Claus, R., additional, Weichenhan, D., additional, Weiler, M., additional, Hielscher, T., additional, Sahm, F., additional, Wiestler, B., additional, Klein, A.-C., additional, Blaes, J., additional, Plass, C., additional, Wick, W., additional, Stragliotto, G., additional, Rahbar, A., additional, Soderberg-Naucler, C., additional, Won, M., additional, Ezhilarasan, R., additional, Sun, P., additional, Blumenthal, D., additional, Vogelbaum, M., additional, Jenkins, R., additional, Jeraj, R., additional, Brown, P., additional, Jaeckle, K., additional, Schiff, D., additional, Dignam, J., additional, Atkins, J., additional, Brachman, D., additional, Werner-Wasik, M., additional, Mehta, M., additional, Shen, J., additional, Luan, J., additional, Yu, A., additional, Matsutani, M., additional, Liang, Y., additional, Man, T.-K., additional, Trister, A., additional, Tokita, M., additional, Mikheeva, S., additional, Mikheev, A., additional, Friend, S., additional, van den Bent, M., additional, Erdem, L., additional, Gorlia, T., additional, Taphoorn, M., additional, Kros, J., additional, Wesseling, P., additional, Dubbink, H., additional, Ibdaih, A., additional, French, P., additional, van Thuijl, H., additional, Heimans, J., additional, Ylstra, B., additional, Reijneveld, J., additional, Prabowo, A., additional, Scheinin, I., additional, van Essen, H., additional, Spliet, W., additional, Ferrier, C., additional, van Rijen, P., additional, Veersema, T., additional, Thom, M., additional, Meeteren, A. S.-v., additional, Aronica, E., additional, Kim, H., additional, Zheng, S., additional, Brat, D. J., additional, Virk, S., additional, Amini, S., additional, Sougnez, C., additional, Barnholtz-Sloan, J., additional, Verhaak, R. G. W., additional, Watts, C., additional, Sottoriva, A., additional, Spiteri, I., additional, Piccirillo, S., additional, Touloumis, A., additional, Collins, P., additional, Marioni, J., additional, Curtis, C., additional, Tavare, S., additional, Tews, B., additional, Yeung, T. P. C., additional, Al-Khazraji, B., additional, Morrison, L., additional, Hoffman, L., additional, Jackson, D., additional, Lee, T.-Y., additional, Yartsev, S., additional, Bauman, G., additional, Fu, J., additional, Vegesna, R., additional, Mao, Y., additional, Heathcock, L. E., additional, Torres-Garcia, W., additional, Wang, S., additional, McKenna, A., additional, Brennan, C. W., additional, Yung, W. K. A., additional, Weinstein, J. N., additional, Sulman, E. P., additional, and Koul, D., additional

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2013
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15. PRECLINICAL EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS AND PHARMACOLOGY

Author

Pavel, H., primary, Ajeawung, N., additional, Faure, R., additional, Poirier, D., additional, Kamnasaran, D., additional, Joshi, H., additional, Lun, X., additional, Zemp, F., additional, Sun, B., additional, Stechishin, O., additional, Luchman, A., additional, Kelly, J. J., additional, Weiss, S., additional, Hamilton, M. G., additional, Cairncross, G., additional, Senger, D. L., additional, Bell, J., additional, McFadden, G., additional, Forsyth, P. A., additional, Tzeng, S. Y., additional, Guerrero-Cazares, H., additional, Martinez, E. E., additional, Young, N. P., additional, Sunshine, J. C., additional, Quinones-Hinojosa, A., additional, Green, J. J., additional, Lei, L., additional, D'Amico, R., additional, Sisti, J., additional, Leung, R., additional, Sonabend, A. M., additional, Guarnieri, P., additional, Rosenfeld, S. S., additional, Bruce, J. N., additional, Canoll, P., additional, Baichwal, V. R., additional, Reeves, L., additional, Chad, B. L., additional, Zavitz, K. H., additional, Beelen, A. P., additional, Mather, G. G., additional, Carlson, R. O., additional, Manton, C., additional, Chandra, J., additional, Keir, S. T., additional, Reardon, D. A., additional, Saling, J. R., additional, Gray, L. S., additional, Bigner, D. D., additional, Friedman, H. S., additional, Zhang, J., additional, Brun, J., additional, Ogbomo, H., additional, Wang, Z., additional, Stojdl, D. J., additional, Kong, L.-Y., additional, Hatiboglu, M. A., additional, Wei, J., additional, Wang, Y., additional, McEnery, K. A., additional, Fuller, G. N., additional, Qiao, W., additional, Davies, M. A., additional, Priebe, W., additional, Heimberger, A. B., additional, Amendolara, B., additional, Gil, O., additional, Ivkovic, S., additional, Bruce, J., additional, Rosenfeld, S., additional, Finniss, S., additional, Perlstein, B., additional, Miller, C., additional, Okhrimenko, H., additional, Kazimirsky, G., additional, Cazacu, S., additional, Lemke, N., additional, Brodie, S., additional, Rempel, S. A., additional, Rosenblum, M., additional, Mikkelsen, T., additional, Margel, S., additional, Brodie, C., additional, Guvenc, H., additional, Demir, H., additional, Gupta, S., additional, Mazumder, S., additional, Ray-Chaundhury, A., additional, Li, T., additional, Li, C., additional, Nakano, I., additional, Rahman, R., additional, Rahman, C., additional, Smith, S., additional, Macarthur, D., additional, Rose, F., additional, Shakesheff, K., additional, Grundy, R. G., additional, Brenner, A. J., additional, Goins, B., additional, Bao, A., additional, Miller, J., additional, Trevino, A., additional, Zuniga, R., additional, Phillips, W. T., additional, Gilg, A. G., additional, Bowers, K. G., additional, Toole, B. P., additional, Maria, B. L., additional, Leung, G. K., additional, Sun, S., additional, Wong, S. T., additional, Zhang, X. Q., additional, Pu, J. K., additional, Lui, W. M., additional, Marino, A. M., additional, Hussaini, I. M., additional, Amos, S., additional, Simpson, K., additional, Redpath, G. T., additional, Lyons, C., additional, Dipierro, C., additional, Grant, G. A., additional, Wilson, C., additional, Salami, S., additional, Macaroni, P., additional, Li, S., additional, Park, J.-Y., additional, Needham, D., additional, Bigner, D., additional, Dewhirst, M., additional, Ohlfest, J., additional, Gallardo, J., additional, Argawal, S., additional, Mittapalli, R., additional, Donelson, R., additional, Elmquist, W. F., additional, Nicolaides, T., additional, Hariono, S., additional, Barkovich, K., additional, Hashizume, R., additional, Rowitch, D., additional, Weiss, W., additional, Sheer, D., additional, Baker, S., additional, Paugh, B., additional, Waldman, T., additional, Li, H., additional, Jones, C., additional, Forshew, T., additional, James, D., additional, Caroline, H., additional, Patrick, R., additional, Katrin, L., additional, Karl, F., additional, Ghazaleh, T., additional, Michael, W., additional, Albrecht, V., additional, Thorsteinsdottir, J., additional, Wagner, E., additional, Tonn, J.-C., additional, Ogris, M., additional, Schichor, C., additional, Charest, G., additional, Paquette, B., additional, Sanche, L., additional, Mathieu, D., additional, Fortin, D., additional, Qi, X., additional, Cuttitta, F., additional, Chu, Z., additional, Celerier, J., additional, Pakradouni, J., additional, Rixe, O., additional, Gragg, A., additional, Muller, S., additional, Banerjee, A., additional, Phillips, J., additional, Prados, M., additional, Haas-Kogan, D., additional, Gupta, N., additional, Florence, L., additional, Gwendoline, V. G., additional, Veronique, M., additional, Robert, K., additional, Agarwal, S., additional, Mittapalli, R. K., additional, Cen, L., additional, Carlson, B. L., additional, Sarkaria, J. N., additional, Sengupta, S., additional, Weeraratne, S. D., additional, Rallapalli, S., additional, Amani, V., additional, Pierre-Francois, J., additional, Teider, N., additional, Rotenberg, A., additional, Cook, J., additional, Pomeroy, S. L., additional, Jenses, F., additional, Cho, Y.-J., additional, Hjouj, M., additional, Last, D., additional, Guez, D., additional, Daniels, D., additional, Lavee, J., additional, Rubinsky, B., additional, Mardor, Y., additional, Serwer, L. P., additional, Noble, C. O., additional, Michaud, K., additional, Drummond, D. C., additional, Ozawa, T., additional, Zhou, Y., additional, Marks, J. D., additional, Bankiewicz, K., additional, Park, J. W., additional, Wang, W., additional, Cho, H., additional, Weintraub, M., additional, Jhaveri, N., additional, Torres, S., additional, Petasis, N., additional, Schonthal, A. H., additional, Louie, S. G., additional, Hofman, F. M., additional, Chen, T. C., additional, Grada, Z., additional, Hegde, M., additional, Schaffer, D. R., additional, Ghazi, A., additional, Byrd, T., additional, Dotti, G., additional, Wels, W., additional, Heslop, H. E., additional, Gottschalk, S., additional, Baker, M., additional, Ahmed, N., additional, Hamblett, K. J., additional, Kozlosky, C. J., additional, Liu, H., additional, Siu, S., additional, Arora, T., additional, Retter, M. W., additional, Matsuda, K., additional, Hill, J. S., additional, Fanslow, W. C., additional, Diaz, R. J., additional, Etame, A., additional, Meaghan, O., additional, Mainprize, T., additional, Smith, C., additional, Hynynen, K., additional, Rutka, J., additional, Pradarelli, J., additional, Yoo, J. Y., additional, Kaka, A., additional, Alvarez-Breckenridge, C., additional, Pan, Q., additional, Chiocca, E. A., additional, Teknos, T., additional, Kaur, B., additional, Lee, S. Y., additional, Slagle-Webb, B., additional, Sheehan, J. M., additional, Connor, J. R., additional, Cote, J., additional, Lepage, M., additional, Gobeil, F., additional, Kleijn, A., additional, Balvers, R., additional, Kloezeman, J., additional, Dirven, C., additional, Lamfers, M., additional, Leenstra, S., additional, See, W., additional, Tan, I.-L., additional, Pieper, R., additional, Jiang, H., additional, White, E., additional, Rios-Vicil, C. I., additional, Yung, W.-K. A., additional, Gomez-Manzano, C., additional, Fueyo, J., additional, Zemp, F. J., additional, McKenzie, B. A., additional, Mueller, S., additional, Yang, X., additional, Smirnov, I., additional, James, D. C., additional, Phillips, J. J., additional, Berger, M. S., additional, Rowitch, D. H., additional, Haas-Kogan, D. H., additional, Kennedy, B., additional, Gopalakrishnan, V., additional, Das, C., additional, Taylor, P., additional, Kommagani, R., additional, Su, X., additional, Aguilera, D., additional, Thomas, A., additional, Wolff, J., additional, Flores, E., additional, Kadakia, M., additional, Alkins, R., additional, Broderson, P., additional, Sodhi, R., additional, Chung, S. A., additional, McDonald, K. L., additional, Shen, H., additional, Day, B. W., additional, Stringer, B. W., additional, Johns, T., additional, Decollogne, S., additional, Teo, C., additional, Hogg, P. J., additional, Dilda, P. J., additional, Patel, T. R., additional, Zhou, J., additional, Piepmeier, J. M., additional, Saltzman, W. M., additional, Vogelbaum, M. A., additional, Manchanda, P., additional, Ohlfest, J. R., additional, Kitange, G. J., additional, Mladek, A. C., additional, Schroeder, M. A., additional, Pokorny, J. L., additional, Mody, C., additional, Forsyth, P., additional, Dasgupta, T., additional, James, C. D., additional, Madhankumar, A. B., additional, Webb, B. S., additional, Park, A., additional, Harbaugh, K., additional, and Sheehan, J., additional

Published
2011
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19. Patient safety culture among medical students in Singapore and Hong Kong.

Author

Leung, G K, Ang, S B, Lau, T C, Neo, H J, Patil, N G, Ti, L K, Leung, Gilberto Ka Kit, Ang, Sophia Bee Leng, Lau, Tang Ching, Neo, Hong Jye, Patil, Nivritti Gajanan, and Ti, Lian Kah

Abstract

Introduction: Undergraduate education in medical schools plays an important role in promoting patient safety. Medical students from different backgrounds may have different perceptions and attitudes toward issues concerning safety. This study aimed to investigate whether patient safety cultures differed between students from two Asian countries, and if they did, to find out how they differed. This study also aimed to identify the educational needs of these students.Methods: A voluntary, cross-sectional and self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted on 259 students from two medical schools - one in Hong Kong and the other in Singapore. None of the students had received any formal teaching on patient safety. We used a validated survey instrument, the Attitudes to Patient Safety Questionnaire III (APSQ-III), which was designed specifically for students and covered nine key factors of patient safety culture.Results: Of the 259 students, 81 (31.3%) were from Hong Kong and 178 (68.7%) were from Singapore. The overall response rate was 66.4%. Significant differences between the two groups of students were found for two key factors - 'patient safety training', with Hong Kong students being more likely to report having received more of such training (p = 0.007); and 'error reporting confidence', which Singapore students reported having less of (p < 0.001). Both groups considered medical errors as inevitable, and that long working hours and professional incompetence were important causes of medical errors. The importance of patient involvement and team functioning were ranked relatively lower by the students.Conclusion: Students from different countries with no prior teaching on patient safety may differ in their baseline patient safety cultures and educational needs. Our findings serve as a reference for future longitudinal studies on the effects of different teaching and healthcare development programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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21. Refining the Continuous Tracking Paradigm to Investigate Implicit Motor Learning

Author

Zhu, F. F., Poolton, J. M., Maxwell, J. P., Fan, J. K. M., Leung, G. K. K., and Masters, R. S. W.

Abstract

In two experiments we investigated factors that undermine conclusions about implicit motor learning in the continuous tracking paradigm. In Experiment 1, we constructed a practice phase in which all three segments of the waveform pattern were random, in order to examine whether tracking performance decreased as a consequence of time spent on task. Tracking error was lower in the first segment than in the middle segment and lower in the middle segment than in the final segment, indicating that tracking performance decreased as a function of increasing time-on-task. In Experiment 2, the waveform pattern presented in the middle segment was identical in each trial of practice. In a retention test, tracking performance on the repeated segment was superior to tracking performance on the random segments of the waveform. Furthermore, substitution of the repeated pattern with a random pattern (in a transfer test) resulted in a significantly increased tracking error. These findings imply that characteristics of the repeated pattern were learned. Crucially, tests of pattern recognition implied that participants were not explicitly aware of the presence of a recurring segment of waveform. Recommendations for refining the continuous tracking paradigm for implicit learning research are proposed.

Published
2013
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22. Biochemical studies of Zmpste24-deficient mice.

Author

Leung, G K, Schmidt, W K, Bergo, M O, Gavino, B, Wong, D H, Tam, A, Ashby, M N, Michaelis, S, and Young, S G

Abstract

Genetic studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae identified two genes, STE24 and RCE1, involved in cleaving the three carboxyl-terminal amino acids from isoprenylated proteins that terminate with a CAAX sequence motif. Ste24p cleaves the carboxyl-terminal "-AAX" from the yeast mating pheromone a-factor, whereas Rce1p cleaves the -AAX from both a-factor and Ras2p. Ste24p also cleaves the amino terminus of a-factor. The mouse genome contains orthologues for both yeast RCE1 and STE24. We previously demonstrated, with a gene-knockout experiment, that mouse Rce1 is essential for development and that Rce1 is entirely responsible for the carboxyl-terminal proteolytic processing of the mouse Ras proteins. In this study, we cloned mouse Zmpste24, the orthologue for yeast STE24 and showed that it could promote a-factor production when expressed in yeast. Then, to assess the importance of Zmpste24 in development, we generated Zmpste24-deficient mice. Unlike the Rce1 knockout mice, Zmpste24-deficient mice survived development and were fertile. Since no natural substrates for mammalian Zmpste24 have been identified, yeast a-factor was used as a surrogate substrate to investigate the biochemical activities in membranes from the cells and tissues of Zmpste24-deficient mice. We demonstrate that Zmpste24-deficient mouse membranes, like Ste24p-deficient yeast membranes, have diminished CAAX proteolytic activity and lack the ability to cleave the amino terminus of the a-factor precursor. Thus, both enzymatic activities of yeast Ste24p are conserved in mouse Zmpste24, but these enzymatic activities are not essential for mouse development or for fertility.

Published
2001
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23. A deficiency of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein reduces apolipoprotein B secretion.

Author

Leung, G K, Véniant, M M, Kim, S K, Zlot, C H, Raabe, M, Björkegren, J, Neese, R A, Hellerstein, M K, and Young, S G

Abstract

Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) transfers lipids to apolipoprotein B (apoB) within the endoplasmic reticulum, a process that involves direct interactions between apoB and the large subunit of MTP. Recent studies with heterozygous MTP knockout mice have suggested that half-normal levels of MTP in the liver reduce apoB secretion. We hypothesized that reduced apoB secretion in the setting of half-normal MTP levels might be caused by a reduced MTP:apoB ratio in the endoplasmic reticulum, which would reduce the number of apoB-MTP interactions. If this hypothesis were true, half-normal levels of MTP might have little impact on lipoprotein secretion in the setting of half-normal levels of apoB synthesis (since the ratio of MTP to apoB would not be abnormally low) and might cause an exaggerated reduction in lipoprotein secretion in the setting of apoB overexpression (since the MTP:apoB ratio would be even lower). To test this hypothesis, we examined the effects of heterozygous MTP deficiency on apoB metabolism in the setting of normal levels of apoB synthesis, half-normal levels of apoB synthesis (heterozygous Apob deficiency), and increased levels of apoB synthesis (transgenic overexpression of human apoB). Contrary to our expectations, half-normal levels of MTP reduced the plasma apoB100 levels to the same extent ( approximately 25-35%) at each level of apoB synthesis. In addition, apoB secretion from primary hepatocytes was reduced to a comparable extent at each level of apoB synthesis. Thus, these results indicate that the concentration of MTP within the endoplasmic reticulum rather than the MTP:apoB ratio is the critical determinant of lipoprotein secretion. Finally, we found that heterozygosity for an apoB knockout mutation lowered plasma apoB100 levels more than heterozygosity for an MTP knockout allele. Consistent with that result, hepatic triglyceride accumulation was greater in heterozygous apoB knockout mice than in heterozygous MTP knockout mice.

Published
2000

24. Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Proximal Middle Cerebral Artery Thrombosis with the Alligator Retrieval Device.

Author

Lee, R., Lui, W. M., Cheung, R. T. F., Leung, G. K. K., and Chan, K. H.

Subjects
BLOOD coagulation tests, CEREBROVASCULAR disease patients, PATIENTS, MUSCLE physiology, CEREBRAL arteries, EQUIPMENT & supplies, HISTORY
Abstract

The article presents a case study of 56-year-old right-handed Chinese patient treated with mechanical thrombectomy. Discussing the patient's medical history, information about diagnosis and treatment of right-sided hemiparesis and expressive dysphasia is also presented. An overview of the performance of 2.5 mm Alligator Retrieval Device (ARD) that was used for the retrieval of thrombus is offered. The researchers opine that further study is necessary to evaluate the efficiency of ARD.

Published
2007
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26. Multi-Task versus Single-Task Training of Laparoscopic Surgical Skills: Performance and Kinematic Outcomes.

Author

Leung, G. K. K., Zhu, F., Poolton, J., Fan, J., and Masters, R.

Subjects
*LAPAROSCOPIC surgery, *TRAINING of surgeons, *ABILITY, *COGNITION, *LAPAROSCOPY, *TRAINING, *TASK performance
Abstract

Multi-task training involves the simultaneous conduction of a cognitively demanding task whilst practicing technical skills. We investigated if it would promote automaticity on learnt technical skills and enhance multi-tasking ability. Thirty-eight-fifth-year medical students without prior laparoscopy experience were recruited to learn a peg transfer task. They were randomized to use either the multi-task (n = 17) or the traditional single-task training approach (n = 21) until they reached proficiency. The multi-task group had to listen to and count the number of high and low pitch tones randomly generated by a computer. Both groups were later tested under a multi-task test condition. Both groups could maintain their task completion time within proficiency level (p = 0.24). However the single-task training group needed more hand movements to maintain their proficiency level during the testing session (p = 0.025); the multitask training group did not (p = 0.391). The analysis on the distraction measure showed that both groups were equally distracted when required to multi-task during the test session (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the multi-task training approach is feasible for technical skills training in surgery. It may promote the automaticity of learnt technical skills, which spares more cognitive resources for trainees to be multi-tasking on nontechnical skills during surgery. Future studies may examine the neural mechanisms underlying the promoted automaticity induced by the multi-tasking training approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014

34. Burnout and well-being in young doctors in Hong Kong: a territory-wide cross-sectional survey.

Author

Kwan KYH, Chan LWY, Cheng PW, Leung GKK, and Lau CS

Subjects
Adult, Burnout, Psychological, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Hong Kong epidemiology, Humans, Surveys and Questionnaires, Burnout, Professional epidemiology, Physicians
Abstract

Introduction: This territory-wide study evaluated the level of burnout and health status among young doctors in Hong Kong., Methods: All young doctors in Hong Kong, defined as residents-in-training or doctors within 10 years of their specialist registration, were invited to participate in an online cross-sectional survey. This survey used standardised questionnaires including the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) for burnout, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for depression, and general health questionnaires., Results: In total, 514 doctors completed the survey; 284 were doctors within 10 years of their specialist registration, while 230 were residents-in-training. There were 277 women (54%); among all respondents, the mean age was 33.7 ± 6.1 years. Using a CBI subscale cut-off score of ≥50 (moderate and higher), 72.6% (n=373) of respondents reported personal burnout; 70.6% (n=363) of respondents reported work-related burnout; and 55.4% (n=285) of respondents reported client-related burnout. Furthermore, 24% (n=125) of respondents were "somewhat dissatisfied" with their present job position; 4% (n=19) of respondents were "very dissatisfied" with their present job position. The prevalence of depression among respondents was 21% (n=110)., Conclusions: In this territory-wide cross-sectional survey of young doctors in Hong Kong, a high prevalence of burnout was identified among young doctors; respondents exhibited a considerable level of depression and substantial dissatisfaction with their current positions. Strategies to address these problems must be formulated to ensure the future well-being of the medical and dental workforce in Hong Kong., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Published
2021
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38. Cardiovascular risk in bus drivers.

Author

Cheung CKY, Tsang SSL, Ho O, Lam N, Lam ECL, Ng C, Sun F, Yu B, Kwan N, and Leung GKK

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Exercise physiology, Female, Heart Disease Risk Factors, Hong Kong epidemiology, Humans, Job Satisfaction, Male, Middle Aged, Occupational Diseases epidemiology, Odds Ratio, Work Schedule Tolerance physiology, Automobile Driving, Cardiovascular Diseases etiology, Motor Vehicles, Occupational Diseases etiology
Abstract

Competing Interests: All authors have disclosed no conflicts of interest.

Published
2020
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39. Medical manslaughter in Hong Kong-how, why, and why not.

Author

Leung GK

Subjects
Clinical Competence legislation & jurisprudence, Hong Kong, Humans, Homicide legislation & jurisprudence, Liability, Legal, Malpractice legislation & jurisprudence
Abstract

The increasing number of medical manslaughter cases in recent years raises concerns about the concept of criminal liability in medical negligence. Contemporary cases in Hong Kong have also generated debate on whether criminal law intervention is justified and effective at dealing with substandard medical practices. This paper examines the legal principles underlying the applicable legal offence of gross negligence manslaughter and the implications that recent events may have on patient care and the medical profession. The author argues that the criminalisation of medical mistakes can have a detrimental effect on clinical practice and patient welfare. At stake is the potential for a loss of mutual trust between the medical profession and the rest of society. Gross negligence manslaughter is an unstable legal concept, and criminal sanctions should at most be applied to conscious violations of established rules and standards but not unintentional errors. As we await the outcomes of ongoing cases in Hong Kong, there is an urgent need to uphold standards of practice and to nurture a robust culture of ethical awareness, compassionate care, and professionalism.

Published
2018
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40. Factors affecting implementation of accreditation programmes and the impact of the accreditation process on quality improvement in hospitals: a SWOT analysis.

Author

Ng GK, Leung GK, Johnston JM, and Cowling BJ

Subjects
Humans, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Quality Improvement organization & administration, Total Quality Management organization & administration, Accreditation organization & administration, Hospitals, Public standards, Quality Assurance, Health Care organization & administration
Abstract

Objectives: The objectives of this review were to identify factors that influence implementation of hospital accreditation programmes and to assess the impact of the accreditation process on quality improvement in public hospitals., Data Sources: Two electronic databases, Medline (OvidSP) and PubMed, were systematically searched., Study Selection: "Public hospital", "hospital accreditation", and "quality improvement" were used as the search terms. A total of 348 citations were initially identified. After critical appraisal and study selection, 26 articles were included in the review., Data Extraction: The data were extracted and analysed using a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis., Data Synthesis: Increased staff engagement and communication, multidisciplinary team building, positive changes in organisational culture, and enhanced leadership and staff awareness of continuous quality improvement were identified as strengths. Weaknesses included organisational resistance to change, increased staff workload, lack of awareness about continuous quality improvement, insufficient staff training and support for continuous quality improvement, lack of applicable accreditation standards for local use, and lack of performance outcome measures. Opportunities included identification of improvement areas, enhanced patient safety, additional funding, public recognition, and market advantage. Threats included opportunistic behaviours, funding cuts, lack of incentives for participation, and a regulatory approach to mandatory participation., Conclusions: By relating the findings to the operational issues of accreditation, this review discussed the implications for successful implementation and how accreditation may drive quality improvement. These findings have implications for various stakeholders (government, the public, patients and health care providers), when it comes to embarking on accreditation exercises.

Published
2013
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41. Using bevacizumab in the fight against malignant glioma: first results in Asian patients.

Author

Pu JK, Chan RT, Ng GK, Leung GK, Hung KN, and Fung CF

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Asian People, Bevacizumab, Brain Neoplasms mortality, Camptothecin administration & dosage, Camptothecin analogs & derivatives, Female, Glioblastoma drug therapy, Glioma mortality, Humans, Irinotecan, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local drug therapy, Retrospective Studies, Angiogenesis Inhibitors therapeutic use, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized therapeutic use, Brain Neoplasms drug therapy, Glioma drug therapy
Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the efficacy and safety profile of bevacizumab in combination with irinotecan in Hong Kong Chinese patients with recurrent malignant glioma and to determine whether their response differed from that reported in other populations., Design: Retrospective study., Setting: Two private clinics and a public hospital in Hong Kong., Patients: Fourteen individuals who presented with recurrent glioma presenting to the hospital between November 2005 and November 2009., Intervention: Salvage therapy with bevacizumab (10 mg/kg) and irinotecan (125 mg/m(2) [340 mg/m(2) for those taking enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs]) on a 14-day schedule., Results: A radiological response was observed in 12 (86%) of the patients, four (33%) of whom had a complete response. The median progression-free survival was 6 (range, 1-15) months; 71% remained progression-free at 6 months. The median overall survival was 18 (range, 9-61) months. The most common adverse events during the bevacizumab and irinotecan treatment period were haematological; five patients had grade 2/3 adverse events. Pulmonary embolism occurred in two patients, one of whom died. Intracranial haemorrhage was not detected in any of the 14 treated patients., Conclusions: Bevacizumab plus irinotecan was at least as effective at treating Chinese patients with recurrent glioma as previously reported in clinical trials in different patient populations.

Published
2011

42. Patient safety in the undergraduate curriculum: medical students' perception.

Author

Leung GK and Patil NG

Subjects
Attitude of Health Personnel, Curriculum, Education, Medical, Undergraduate, Hong Kong, Humans, Surveys and Questionnaires, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Medical Errors prevention & control, Students, Medical psychology
Abstract

Objective: Patient safety has emerged as a distinct health care discipline and an undergraduate programme on patient safety is being introduced at the authors' institution. The present study aimed to assess medical students' perceptions and knowledge on patient safety issues., Design: A self-administered voluntary questionnaire survey., Setting: Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong., Participants: A total of 130 fourth-year medical students., Main Outcome Measures: Students' baseline perceptions and knowledge on patient safety issues., Results: The majority of students agreed that medical errors were inevitable but over 25% opined that "competent physicians do not make errors". The majority disapproved the practice of non-disclosure of error; whilst 6% would not address 'near-miss' events, and almost 10% did not support an active reporting system. Nearly half of the students were neutral on the notion that uncertainty should not be tolerated in patient care, and over 80% agreed that the most effective strategy to prevent error was "to work harder and be more careful". A knowledge gap in patient safety issues existed. Over 80% of students supported the introduction of our new undergraduate programme., Conclusion: Medical students were aware of medical errors being an inevitable barrier between intended 'best care' and what was actually provided to patients. Students appeared to lack the appreciation of non-physician-based causes of errors, and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to the management of incidents. A formal curriculum on patient safety is urgently needed in this locality, and such an initiative was supported by the medical students who were surveyed.

Published
2010

43. Knowledge and attitudes toward brain stem death among university undergraduates.

Author

Leung KK, Fung CO, Au CC, Chan DM, and Leung GK

Subjects
Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Decision Making, Family, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Hong Kong, Humans, Life Support Care, Male, Religion, Students, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Attitude to Death, Brain Death, Brain Stem pathology
Abstract

Background: Withdrawal of life support and organ procurement for transplantation are the main implications of a diagnosis of brain stem death (BSD). Various factors may impact this important decision-making process. The present study sought to investigate the knowledge and attitudes about BSD among university undergraduates as a "well-informed" subgroup of our local population., Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was administered to a sample of nonmedical university undergraduate students in Hong Kong., Results: The subjects' overall knowledge of BSD was unsatisfactory. Only 24% of subjects knew that BSD was the equivalent of legal death in Hong Kong. Among subjects who agreed to withdraw life support treatment from themselves upon the diagnosis of BSD, 30% and 24% refused to do so for their family members or a stranger, respectively. Subjects who agreed to withdraw life support showed significantly better knowledge about BSD than did those who did not agree. Concerns about doctors' inclination to diagnose BSD to save resources and extract organs for transplantation were not observed to negatively affect subjects' decisions about life support withdrawal., Conclusion: The level of knowledge is an important factor affecting an individual's decision concerning withdrawal of life support therapy upon the diagnosis of BSD. Adequate explanation and counseling are important to facilitate family members in coping with this important end-of-life issue.

Published
2009
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44. Endonasal endoscopic removal of growth-hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas.

Author

Lui WM, Leung GK, Hui Y, Lee KK, and Fan YW

Subjects
Adult, Endoscopy, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Sphenoid Bone, Adenoma metabolism, Adenoma surgery, Human Growth Hormone metabolism, Pituitary Neoplasms metabolism, Pituitary Neoplasms surgery
Abstract

Trans-sphenoidal removal of pituitary tumours using the endonasal endoscopic technique, a novel application, is herein reported in five consecutive patients with growth-hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas seen at a teaching hospital in Hong Kong. All five patients demonstrated complete tumour removal on postoperative imaging and hormonal assessment following the procedure. Surgical morbidity and symptoms were minimal; postoperative obstructive nasal packing was not required with this technique, which greatly improved patient comfort. Preliminary experience suggests that the endonasal endoscopic approach is a safe and effective alternative to the conventional trans-septal microscopic method for the treatment of pituitary tumour. A randomised controlled trial comparing these two approaches is currently underway at this institution.

Published
2001

45. Isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase deficiency in mice.

Author

Bergo MO, Leung GK, Ambroziak P, Otto JC, Casey PJ, Gomes AQ, Seabra MC, and Young SG

Subjects
Animals, Brain embryology, Embryo Loss, Endopeptidases genetics, Genes, Lethal, Heterozygote, Homozygote, Methylation, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Muscle, Skeletal embryology, Protein Methyltransferases metabolism, rab GTP-Binding Proteins metabolism, Protein Methyltransferases genetics, Protein Prenylation genetics
Abstract

After isoprenylation, Ras and other CAAX proteins undergo endoproteolytic processing by Rce1 and methylation of the isoprenylcysteine by Icmt (isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase). We reported previously that Rce1-deficient mice died during late gestation or soon after birth. We hypothesized that Icmt deficiency might cause a milder phenotype, in part because of reports suggesting the existence of more than one activity for methylating isoprenylated proteins. To address this hypothesis and also to address the issue of other methyltransferase activities, we generated Icmt-deficient mice. Contrary to our expectation, Icmt deficiency caused a more severe phenotype than Rce1 deficiency, with virtually all of the knockout embryos (Icmt-/-) dying by mid-gestation. An analysis of chimeric mice produced from Icmt-/- embryonic stem cells showed that the Icmt-/- cells retained the capacity to contribute to some tissues (e.g. skeletal muscle) but not to others (e.g. brain). Lysates from Icmt-/- embryos lacked the ability to methylate either recombinant K-Ras or small molecule substrates (e.g. N-acetyl-S-geranylgeranyl-l-cysteine). In addition, Icmt-/- cells lacked the ability to methylate Rab proteins. Thus, Icmt appears to be the only enzyme participating in the carboxyl methylation of isoprenylated proteins.

Published
2001
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46. Targeted inactivation of the isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase gene causes mislocalization of K-Ras in mammalian cells.

Author

Bergo MO, Leung GK, Ambroziak P, Otto JC, Casey PJ, and Young SG

Subjects
Animals, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Homozygote, Liver enzymology, Luminescent Proteins analysis, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Protein Methyltransferases deficiency, Recombinant Fusion Proteins analysis, Stem Cells cytology, Stem Cells enzymology, Stem Cells physiology, Protein Methyltransferases genetics, Protein Methyltransferases metabolism, Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) metabolism
Abstract

After isoprenylation and endoproteolytic processing, the Ras proteins are methylated at the carboxyl-terminal isoprenylcysteine. The importance of isoprenylation for targeting of Ras proteins to the plasma membrane is well established, but the importance of carboxyl methylation, which is carried out by isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase (Icmt), is less certain. We used gene targeting to produce homozygous Icmt knockout embryonic stem cells (Icmt-/-). Lysates from Icmt-/- cells lacked the ability to methylate farnesyl-K-Ras4B or small-molecule Icmt substrates such as N-acetyl-S-geranylgeranyl-L-cysteine. To assess the impact of absent Icmt activity on the localization of K-Ras within cells, wild-type and Icmt-/- cells were transfected with a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-K-Ras fusion construct. As expected, virtually all of the GFP-K-Ras fusion in wild-type cells was localized along the plasma membrane. In contrast, a large fraction of the fusion in Icmt-/- cells was trapped within the cytoplasm, and fluorescence at the plasma membrane was reduced. Also, cell fractionation/Western blot studies revealed that a smaller fraction of the K-Ras in Icmt-/- cells was associated with the membranes. We conclude that carboxyl methylation of the isoprenylcysteine is important for proper K-Ras localization in mammalian cells.

Published
2000
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47. Keratin expression: a measure of phenotypic modulation of human prostatic epithelial cells by growth inhibitory factors.

Author

Peehl DM, Leung GK, and Wong ST

Subjects
Cell Division drug effects, Cells, Cultured, Epithelial Cells, Epithelium drug effects, Epithelium metabolism, Glucose pharmacology, Humans, Interferon-gamma pharmacology, Keratins isolation & purification, Male, Phenotype, Prostate drug effects, Prostate metabolism, Prostatectomy, Prostatic Hyperplasia surgery, Prostatic Neoplasms surgery, Reference Values, Suramin pharmacology, Transforming Growth Factor beta pharmacology, Tretinoin pharmacology, Growth Substances pharmacology, Keratins biosynthesis, Prostate cytology
Abstract

Expression of certain cytokeratins can be indicative of the state of differentiation of epithelial cells. The basal cells in the normal adult human prostatic epithelium are characterized by the expression of cytokeratins 5 and 14, whereas the secretory luminal cells contain cytokeratins 8 and 18. Cells cultured from the prostatic epithelium expressed cytokeratins 5, 8, and 18, and thus had features of both basal and luminal cells. Certain growth-inhibitory conditions altered keratin expression in conjunction with growth modulation. Deletion of peptide factors and hormones from the culture medium induced the expression of cytokeratins 1 and 10, associated with a squamous phenotype. These same squamous keratins were found in very dense, stratified cultures that were maintained at confluency in standard, complete medium for extended periods. Retinoic acid enhanced the expression of secretory luminal cell-associated cytokeratins 8 and 18 in semi-confluent cultures. Other growth inhibitory factors such as suramin, transforming growth factor-beta, and interferon-gamma had no effect on keratin expression. These observations indicate that the differentiation of prostatic epithelial cells can be directed toward alternate pathways, either squamous or secretory, by different growth-inhibitory conditions. However, not all growth inhibitory factors altered differentiation, demonstrating that growth inhibition in itself is not a sufficient inducer of differentiation.

Published
1994
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48. Antiproliferative effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on primary cultures of human prostatic cells.

Author

Peehl DM, Skowronski RJ, Leung GK, Wong ST, Stamey TA, and Feldman D

Subjects
Adult, Blotting, Northern, Calcitriol metabolism, Cell Differentiation drug effects, Cell Division drug effects, Cells, Cultured, Humans, Keratins analysis, Keratins physiology, Male, Prostate metabolism, Prostatic Hyperplasia drug therapy, Prostatic Hyperplasia metabolism, Prostatic Hyperplasia pathology, Prostatic Neoplasms drug therapy, Prostatic Neoplasms metabolism, Prostatic Neoplasms pathology, RNA analysis, Receptors, Calcitriol genetics, Receptors, Calcitriol metabolism, Transcription, Genetic genetics, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Calcitriol pharmacology, Prostate cytology, Prostate drug effects
Abstract

Cultures of adult human prostatic epithelial and fibroblastic cells were established from normal, benign hyperplastic, and malignant tissues. Vitamin D receptors were detected by ligand binding of [3H]1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] in cytosolic extracts prepared from all types of cell cultures as well as from fresh prostatic tissues. Vitamin D receptor transcripts were demonstrated by Northern blot analysis. 1,25-(OH)2D3 inhibited the growth of epithelial cells with half-maximal inhibition at approximately 1 nM. The growth of fibroblasts was also inhibited by 1,25(OH)2D3 but to a lesser extent. This is consistent with the apparently lower level of vitamin D receptors in fibroblasts compared to epithelial cells determined by ligand binding and Northern analysis of RNA transcripts. The growth inhibition of epithelial cells by 1,25(OH)2D3 was irreversible even after a short 2-h exposure, but morphology and keratin expression were not appreciably altered by long-term exposure to the hormone. A physiological role for 1,25(OH)2D3 in the prostate is postulated, and the inhibitory effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on cancer-derived prostate cells may provide a basis for new preventive or therapeutic strategies.

Published
1994

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