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We read the excellent article by Jain et al with avid interest. The authors successfully managed complex distal tibia and fibula fractures with the rarely-used fibula pro-tibia fixation technique, achieving good or excellent outcomes in 29 out of 30 patients. In fact, this technique was first described by Campanacci and Zanoli in 1966 to treat non-union of the tibia by creating a fibular synostosis. Since then, a few authors have used the technique to treat ankle fractures in high-risk patients, such as those with osteoporotic bone or diabetes mellitus.

In general segmentation, review studies are divided into two groups: narrative reviews and systematic reviews. The research methods for narrative and systematic reviews are completely different. Narrative review articles can be written based on the interests of the researcher, which is one of the weaknesses of this style of review, while systematic review articles have an organized structure and are more reliable. Narrative reviews cover diverse topics such as epidemiological findings, concepts and hypotheses of certain psychiatric diseases, current understandings of specific diseases, psychopharmacology, and treatment guidelines. This reflects the fact that systematic reviews have been rapidly and increasingly replacing traditional narrative (explicit) reviews as the standard platform for providing and updating currently available research findings as confident evidence. Most journals have changed their policy regarding the acceptance of review papers, giving priority to systematic reviews as regular review articles and excluding narrative reviews to provide the best evidence for all basic and clinical questions and further hypotheses. The major advantage of systematic reviews is that they are based on the findings of comprehensive and systematic literature searches across all available resources, minimizing selection bias and avoiding subjective selection.

Naireen Asim,* Ianna Alberto* Medical School, St George’s, University of London, London, UK*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Naireen Asim, Email m1501540@sgul.ac.uk

Dear Editor, In relation to the letter expressing concerns about some important points of the article entitled “The usefulness of the genetic panel in the classification and refinement of diagnostic accuracy of Mexican patients with Marfan syndrome and other connective tissue disorders”, we would like to comment on the following. Read more in the PDF.

This document is a commentary on a meta-analysis that examined the effect of a gluten-free diet on the progression of autoimmune thyroiditis in patients without symptoms or histology of celiac disease. The authors of the commentary raised concerns about the quality of the systematic review conducted in the meta-analysis. They pointed out issues such as the lack of a rigorous and well-defined process for selecting and analyzing data, the use of inappropriate assessment tools, and the absence of important information in the review. The authors concluded that the research lacks robustness and methodological flaws need to be addressed. [Extracted from the article]

We read with interest the article by Gupta et al about 18 patients with occupational nerve injuries caused by metallic foreign bodies while operating lathes. Two patients were found to have more than one nerve injury and one patient had an associated vascular injury. The most commonly injured nerve was the median nerve. The most common site for nerve injury was the forearm. Combined lesions most commonly affected the ulnar and median nerves. It was concluded that the costs of traumatic peripheral nerve injuries are significant because they occur particularly frequent in young, previously healthy and economically active people. The study is impressive, but some points require further discussion.

Dr Adnan al-Bursh was head of orthopaedics at al-Shifa Hospital, the largest medical facility in the Gaza Strip. Some have anecdotally called him the best orthopaedic surgeon in the land. When hostilities knocked the front door of al-Shifa hospital, instead of heading south as ‘requested’ by the Israeli Occupation Force (IOF), he went north to continue serving his people until his arrest in December 2023. On 19 April 2024, news reached the world that Dr al-Bursh died in prison, likely from torture

I read the article “Scientometrics and academia” by Dr. Zerem and colleagues. My perspective on citation metrics and scientometrics is more cautious. Therefore, in this article, I present my viewpoint on this subject. Read more in the PDF.

This study presents a teaching experiment in which students composed a letter to the editor that drew on political economy analysis with an impressive 40 percent publication rate in a major Asian newspaper. In contrast to a purely mock exercise, or the submission of op-ed pieces with a much lower chance of being published, this activity offered students the opportunity to communicate their positions to the community. Instructors must be attuned to privacy concerns and the article appraises the advantages and disadvantages of four approaches to public writing. Results from a questionnaire and focus groups indicated that this short-form writing helped students to construct a single argument, broaden their global outlook, critically assess media information, and develop a more concise writing style. However, some students struggled to connect their letter to the course content. The article thus ends by proposing ways that the assignment may be modified, such as linking letters to another assignment, supporting students by sharing suggestions from newspaper editors and scholars whose letters are regularly published, and outlining a collaborative writing exercise building on letters to the editor as a foundation. By improving their public writing skills, this assignment may prove useful in the online lives of students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Application of Gallery Walk Technique in Higher Education Learning-Teaching Process Fereshteh Araghian Mojarad1, Masoumeh Bagheri-nesami2 1 Assistant Professor, Traditional and Complementary Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2 Professor, Traditional and Complementary Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

Letter To Editor

Letter To Editor

We read with great interest the study by Hadizie et al in the February 2022 issue entitled “The Incidence of Fracture-Related Infection in Open Tibia Fracture with Different Time Interval of Initial Debridement”. In their paper, they presented the relationship between fracture-related infection in open fracture of the tibia with time intervals of initial debridement. With limited studies in Malaysia investigating the correlation between the timing of initial debridement and the incidence of infection in open fracture of tibia, this study potentially shed more light on the optimal timing of initial debridement.

We would like to share ideas on the publication “Adhesive Capsulitis Secondary to COVID-19 Vaccination - A Case Series.” The purpose of this study is to examine the pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, management, and outcomes of shoulder injury related to vaccine administration (SIRVA) following COVID-19 vaccination. Seven individuals with adhesive capsulitis who reported within four weeks of receiving the COVID-19 vaccine in the afflicted arm were retrospectively identified by the researchers. The study offers details on the patients' first symptoms, physical symptoms, length of time since immunisation, treatment plans, and clinical and functional results. All patients' pain levels and range of motion improved with non-surgical care, including physiotherapy and hydrodilatation.

Letter To Editor

Letter To Editor

Cardiac tamponade is a leading cause of death in patients with aortic dissection (1). When aortic dissection is accompanied by cardiac tamponade, emergency surgery to repair the aorta is required (2). The treatment approach for this group of patients differs from other cases with pericardial effusions, and percutaneous pericardiocentesis is contraindicated. Attempting pericardiocentesis in this type of tamponade leads to increased leakage from the aorta into the pericardium, worsening the patient's condition(3). In approximately one-third of patients, transudation of blood across the thin layers of the aorta and into the pericardial space results in an insignificant pericardial effusion due to the blood entering the pericardial cavity (4).

I am writing to bring attention to the issue of fragility fractures in the growing aged population of Malaysia. According to the International Osteoporosis Foundation, up to 70% of people are at risk and underdiagnosed with osteoporosis. This is a significant public health concern that needs to be addressed. Central Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) is the gold standard for diagnosing osteoporosis, but unfortunately, not all populations have access to this facility. To address this issue, we used bone densitometry calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) with a fracture risk assessment tool (Frax-tool) to screen for bone health. This will allow for identification of population with low and high probability of osteoporotic fractures. A health screening was conducted in Manir, Kuala Terengganu during a two-day local public event.

Dear Editor, Meningioma is the most common tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). Except for the CNS, it can be detected at a rate of 1-2% in the head and neck region. Primary pulmonary meningiomas (PPM) are extremely rare. They are detected incidentally as a solitary pulmonary nodule during radiological examinations. On computerized tomography (CT), the lesions are generally seen as a uniform and homogeneous mass. Although they are usually benign and the prognosis is excellent, they may be subject to misdiagnosis and overtreatment. 1-3. Here we have aimed to present a case of primary pulmonary meningioma that appeared as a solitary pulmonary nodule and to discuss its clinical and pathological features. A 57-year-old male patient with cough had been on follow-up for five years. His medical history included 30 pack-year smoking history, hypertension, arrhythmia, and hypercholesterolemia. In 2015, a well-circumscribed lesion 10 mm in diameter had been detected in the subpleural area of the left lower lobe with thorax CT. There was no pathological uptake of 18F-FDG on PET-CT. The patient was put on radiological follow-up. There was no change in the nature of the nodule during the 3-year follow-up period and in the control thorax CT obtained in 2018, and the follow-up was continued with chest x-rays. During follow-up in January 2020, it was determined that the chest nodule had a similar appearance with the previous followups, but there was a slight increase in density, and a newly developing nodule with a size of 7 mm had appeared in the neighboring parenchyma (Figure 1). Based on the available findings, a decision was made for surgery to enable histopathological confirmation. A frozen section was sent following wedge resection for both lesions in the lower left lobe. The operation was terminated when the lesion 11 mm in diameter was reported as pulmonary meningioma as a result of frozen section analysis. The other nodule was a parenchymal lymph node and the surgical margins were tumor free. In the final histopathological analysis, it was reported that the 8 mm nodule diagnosed with PPM was immunohistochemically positive for vimentin, EMA, and progesterone receptors. Psammoma bodies were seen but mitosis and necrosis were not observed (Figure 2A,B,3A,B). The patient was evaluated with MRI for possible central nervous system meningioma but no meningioma was detected. The patient was discharged without any complications in the postoperative period. PPMs are usually asymptomatic lesions that appear incidentally. However, patients with large tumors may have symptoms related to the localization, such as chest pain and cough. It has been reported that the lesion is generally detected between the ages of 40 and 60. Since the first case-report by Kemnitz in 1982, about 60 cases of PPM were published in the English literature 1. Our case was 57 years old, in accordance with the literature. Many benign PPMs have been reported to be misdiagnosed and consequently undergone extensive pulmonary resections and/or chemotherapy 4. In 2008, it was reported that 32% of patients who underwent major surgical resection and received chemotherapy had been misdiagnosed 4. In the literature, it is widely accepted that a wedge resection with tumor-free margins is sufficient for the treatment of benign PPM. The prognosis is reported to be excellent and extended resections are not required 3-5. In accordance with the literature, we performed wedge resection in the case. The definitive diagnosis of PPM was made histopathologically and immunohistochemically. Epithelial, transitional and fibrous types are possible. Immunohistochemically, vimentin and EMA are expressed together in most cases 3. Our patient also had a positive reaction for vimentin and EMA. The absence of necrosis and mitosis also supports the diagnosis of benign PPM. It has been reported that the prognosis of PPM is excellent and there was a case that has been followed for more than 20 years 5. In conclusion, PPMs mostly appear radiologically in the form of pulmonary nodules, are usually benign, and have a good prognosis. PPM should also be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of SPN.

Dear Editor: I read with great interest the article by Akin et al., reporting an association between coronary plaque and serum lipid parameters. The authors examined serum lipid levels in patients undergoing computed tomography of the coronary arteries and reported that LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and the ratio of triglycerides to HDL cholesterol were significantly higher in patients with coronary artery disease, and HDL cholesterol was significantly lower than in patients without coronary atherosclerosis. The results presented in the above study are consistent with data from the literature. Increased total and LDL cholesterol levels were found in patients with adequate coronary collateral development compared with patients with inadequate coronary collateral development. Read more in PDF.

A few points about the published article in the Occupational Medicine Quarterly Journal Volume 12 Issue 4 entitled Relationship between workplace ergonomics and musculoskeletal pain, range of motion and spinal deformities in employees: A case study, Kermanshah Oil Refinery were discussed.The article included the term "workplace ergonomics", "prevalence of musculoskeletal pain", and "application of RULA for posture assessment". These points werediscussed in this letter.

Letter To Editor

Letter to editor

The triennial IFSSH, IFSHT and FESSH combined congress of Hand Surgery has just been closed in London in June 2022. During the many sessions attended by surgeons and physical therapists, it became increasingly clear the need to use dedicated questionnaires for patients’ assessment. Although Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) Score and Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement System (PROMS) are also found to be adequate, Patient- Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) and Michigan Hand Questionnaire (MHQ) for the assessment of outcomes are more appropriate for hand and/or wrist assessment. Validation and cross-cultural adaptation of each individual questionnaire is long and investigative; however it is mandatory to have high-quality scientific studies, and to make reliable clinical assessments of patients in everyday clinical practice.

Letter To Editor

letter To Editor

Letter to editor

Coronavirus infection is nowadays a major public health issue which affected societies and economics worldwide. It is therefore necessary to attempt to conduct research to find how the disease affect the human health. In this regard, the Student Research Committees (SRC), subdivision of research vice-chancellor of Iranian Universities of medical sciences have effectively contributed to provide suitable platform for medical students to learn how to conduct scientific researches. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the studies conducted by student research committees in the field of Covid-19 because Covid-19 is currently one of the most fundamental health issues in the world as well as in our country. This field can increase students' ability to solve problems and gain experience to deal with health challenges and problems. According to the scientometrics system of SRCs of medical universities of the country, the research activity of the SRC of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences has always been growing, which shows the increased motivation and spirit of cooperation among students of this university in the field of research. In this context, programs and progress of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences SRC can be considered as a model for other universities to focus on the potential and capability of young student researchers to deal with these concerning health challenges and issues.

Letter to editor

Relationship between Customer's Perceptions on Cleanliness of Surfaces and the Method of Measuring Surface Pollution Using ATP (Illuminometer) in a Restaurant

Letter To Editor

Letter To Editor

Letter To Editor

Letter To Editor

Letter To Editor

Letter To Editor

Letter to editor

Dear Editor, This is an addition to the review published in the Turkish Journal of Pathology 1, commenting on the series of studies 2-7, in particular, the last one making a comparison of clear-cell renal carcinoma (RC) tissue specimens from Ukraine with those from Colombia and Spain 7. Thyroid cancer (TC) is discussed by analogy. RCs from Ukraine tended to be higher-grade than those from Spain and Colombia 2-7; among others, they displayed a sarcomatoid i.e. poorly differentiated pattern more frequently: 62 from 236 (26.3%) of Ukrainian vs. 11 from 112 (9.8%) of Spanish cases (p10% cell positivity for p50 was found in 25 from 59 (42.4%) of Ukrainian vs. 4 from 19 (21.1%) of Spanish cases; the >50% p65 positivity was found, correspondingly, in 18 from 59 (30.1%) vs. 1 from 19 (5.3%) of the cases (p

LETTER TO EDITOR

LETTER TO EDITOR

چالش های استفاده از لغات "مخاطره" و "خطر" در دو حوزه علمی در زبان فارسی ایمان فرهی آشتیانی1 داود خراسانی زواره2 میثم صفی کیکله3 رضا غلام نیا4 حمید صفرپور5 Challenges of Using the Words "Khatar" and "Mokhatereh" in Different Scientific Fields in Persian language Iman Farahi-Ashtiani1, Davoud Khorasani-Zavareh2, Meysam Safi-keykaleh3, Reaza Gholamnia4, Hamid Safarpour5 1 PhD Student in Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2 Professor, Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3 PhD in Health in Emergencies and Disasters, Malayer School of Nursing, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 4 Associate Professor, Department of Health, Safety and Environment, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 5 PhD in Health in Emergencies and Disasters, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran سردبیر محترم با توجه به تعاریف متفاوتی که در خصوص لغات "مخاطره" و "خطر" در دیسیپلین‌های مختلف وجود دارد، در این مقاله نویسندگان بر آن شدند تا به دلیل وجود لغات مشترک معنا شده در رشته‌های نزدیک به هم شامل ایمنی صنعتی، HSE (سلامت، ایمنی و محیط‌زیست) (Health, Safety and Environment) و سلامت در حوادث و بلایا به معنای عمیق این مفاهیم بپردازند، بنابراین به دلیل وجود لغات عربی زیاد در زبان فارسی و نبود جایگزین برای آن‌ها، به معناشناسی در زبان عربی پرداخته شد. در رشته HSE و ایمنی صنعتی، Hazard به معنای خطر، برگردان‌شده است اما در رشته سلامت در حوادث و بلایا این لغت با مخاطره بیان می‌شود. همچنین لغت Risk در رشته سلامت در بلایا به‌عنوان خطر در نظر گرفته‌شده است ولی این لغت در مولف مسئول: داود خراسانی زواره- تهران: دانشکده بهداشت و ایمنی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران davoud.khorasani@gmail.com E-mail: 1. دانشجو دکتری سلامت در بلایا و فوریت‌ها، دانشکده بهداشت و ایمنی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران 2. استاد، مرکز تحقیقات سلامت محیط کار، گروه سلامت در بلایا و فوریت‌ها، دانشکده بهداشت و ایمنی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران 3. دکترای سلامت در بلایا و فوریت‌ها، دانشکده پرستاری، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان، همدان، ایران 4. دانشیار، گروه سلامت، ایمنی و محیط‌زیست، دانشکده بهداشت و ایمنی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران 5. دکترای سلامت در بلایا و فوریت‌ها، گروه پرستاری، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام ، ایلام ، ایران E تاریخ دریافت : 6/3/1399 تاریخ ارجاع جهت اصلاحات :13/3/1399 تاریخ تصویب : 2/4/1399 رشته‌های HSE و ایمنی صنعتی معادل فارسی ندارد و همان لغت ریسک بیان می‌شود. Hazard در ایمنی صنعتی (HSE) و Risk در سلامت در حوادث و بلایا با یک عنوان در ایران نامیده می‌شوند به عبارتی در لفظ، هر دو آن را خطر خطاب می‌کنند. حال واقعا لفظ صحیـح کـدام است؟ بـرای ایـن موضـوع استانداردهـای مختلفی در زمینه HSE مطالعه شد که می‌توان به ISO 450011، ANSI2، و بخش‌های تعریفی ILO3 اشاره کرد. درحوزه سلامت در حوادث و بلایا نیز به UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction 4 رجوع شد. همچنین برای یافتن مترادف‌های عربی به ترجمه عربی UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction در سایت UNISDR مراجعه شد. در ادامه برای فهم معنای لغات عربی در باب‌های گوناگون، سایت آموزشی تبیان مطالعه شد. در نهایت بیان این نکته ضروری است که مفهوم، از لحاظ انگلیسی در دو رشته کاملا درک شده و صحیح به‌کار می‌رود اما اسم انتخاب‌شده ازلحاظ معناشناسی عربی- فارسی دریکی از این دو رشته تا این زمان اشتباه بوده است. برای این منظور این لغات را در باب‌های عربی مرور می‌کنیم. خطر بر وزن فعل است که در زبان عربی ریشه نام دارد. ریشه‌ها در زبان عربی به معنای پتانسیل داشتن آن مورد هستند. بر اساس این موضوع می‌توان "خطر" را به معنای پتانسیل داشتن آن دانست اما "مخاطره" در باب مفاعله است مفاعله خود "مصدر" است و این وزن در برگرداندن به فارسی یعنی انتقال فعل از موضع اول یا نفر اول به نفر دوم و یا موضع دوم یعنی "از به"، بنابراین مخاطره یعنی خطر را انتقال دادن و یا به وجود آوردن و از حالت پتانسیل بودن خارج کردن. همچنین اخطار نیز مصدری بر وزن افعال است که به معنی انتشار و آگاه‌سازی فعل است یعنی اخطار نیز به معنی هشدار و بیان وجود خطر است(1). در گام بعدی به ترتیب به معنی فارسی لغات Hazard و Risk براساسISO 45001 برای رشتهHSE و ایمنی‌صنعتی و تعریف UNISDR برای رشته سلامت در بلایا می‌پردازیم. Hazard: منبع با پتانسیل آسیب رساندن که سبب جراحت و یا بیماری شود(2). Risk: به حاصل‌ضرب احتمال یک رویداد خطرناک در شدت آن(2). Hazard: یک پدیده خطرناک، ماده، فعالیت انسانی و یا شرایطی که می‌تواند باعث مرگ، جراحت و یا سایر اثرات بر سلامتی شود و یا امکان آسیب به تجهیزات و دارایی‌های اجتماعی و اقتصادی و یا محیط زیستی را عامل شود(3). Risk: ترکیب احتمال یک رویداد و اثرات منفی آن(3). می‌توان نتیجه گرفت مفهوم دو لغت در دو رشته کاملاً یکسان است. اما بر اساس معناشناسی عربی و با توجه به تعاریف این دو لغت در دو رشته می‌توان به این نکته رسید که معادل صحیح فارسی لغت Hazard کلمه "خطر" و معادل صحیح واژه Risk لغت " مخاطره" است؛ اما ترجمه عربی منتشرشده به زبان عربی در سایت UNISDR نیز می‌تواند گواهی بر صحت این موضوع باشد(4) که تابه‌حال تمامی عزیزان رشته سلامت در بلایا معادل فارسی جابجای این لغات را استفاده می‌کردند. لذا پیشنهاد مؤلفین آن است که در تمامی مستندات و استانداردهای موجود اعم از کتب، دستورالعمل‌ها و آیین‌نامه‌های منتشرشده در ایران در رشته سلامت در بلایا این دو لغت ترجمه شده جابجا گردد و در رشته‌های ایمنی صنعتی و HSE نیز به‌جای کاربرد لغت ریسک از مخاطره استفاده شود. 1. International Organization for Standardization 2. American National Standards Institute 3. International Labor Organization 4. United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction References Arabic education [Internet]. Tebyan. 2020. Available from: https://article.tebyan.net/ 147009/%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8% AF-%D9%82%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84-. (Persian). ISO 45001. 2018 [Internet]. ISO. 2018. Available from: https://www.iso.org/standard/63787.html. English UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction [Internet]. United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR). 2009. Available from: https:// www.unisdr.org/files/7817_UNISDRTerminologyEnglish.pdf. Arabic UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction [Internet]. United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR). 2009. Available from: http:// www.unisdr.org/files/7817_UNISDRTerminologyArabic.pdf.

The Need to Update Respiratory Disease Surveillance System and Indigenization of the Pneumonia of Unknown Cause Surveillance System in Iran according to the COVID-19 Pandemic Seyed Hasan Adeli1, Mohammad Aghaali2 1 Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran dr.aghaali@yahoo.com E-mail: letter to Editor .

Letter to Editor

Letter to Editor

Bu metin, dergimizin Haziran 2021 tarihli 37. sayısında (275-300) yayımlanan Fatih YÜCEL’e ait “Ali Himmet Berki’nin ‘Hukuk Mantığı ve Tefsir’ İsimli Eserinin Yeni Baskısına Dair Bazı Mülahazalar” isimli makale hakkında Yasin ÇEVİK’in kaleme aldığı editöre mektup yazısıdır.

Letter To Editor