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7. Correlates of Incident Cognitive Impairment in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study

Author

McClure, Leslie A., Wadley, Virginia G., Unverzagt, Frederick W., Cushman, Mary, Gillett, Sarah R., Thacker, Evan L., Letter, Abraham J., Kissela, Brett M., Kennedy, Richard E., Glasser, Stephen P., and Levine, Deborah A.

Abstract

Objective: To identify approximately 500 cases of incident cognitive impairment (ICI) in a large, national sample adapting an existing cognitive test-based case definition and to examine relationships of vascular risk factors with ICI. Method: Participants were from the REGARDS study, a national sample of 30,239 African-American and White Americans. Participants included in this analysis had normal cognitive screening and no history of stroke at baseline, and at least one follow-up cognitive assessment with a three-test battery (TTB). Regression-based norms were applied to TTB scores to identify cases of ICI. Logistic regression was used to model associations with baseline vascular risk factors. Results: We identified 495 participants with ICI of 17,630 eligible participants. In multivariable modeling, income (OR 1.83 CI 1.27,2.62), stroke belt residence (OR 1.45 CI 1.18,1.78), history of transient ischemic attack (OR 1.90 CI 1.29,2.81), coronary artery disease(OR 1.32 CI 1.02,1.70), diabetes (OR 1.48 CI 1.17,1.87), obesity (OR 1.40 CI 1.05,1.86), and incident stroke (OR 2.73 CI 1.52,4.90) were associated with ICI. Conclusions: We adapted a previously validated cognitive test-based case definition to identify cases of ICI. Many previously identified risk factors were associated with ICI, supporting the criterion-related validity of our definition.

Published
2015
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8. Correlates of Incident Cognitive Impairment in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study

Author

Gillett, Sarah R., primary, Thacker, Evan L., additional, Letter, Abraham J., additional, McClure, Leslie A., additional, Wadley, Virginia G., additional, Unverzagt, Frederick W., additional, Kissela, Brett M., additional, Kennedy, Richard E., additional, Glasser, Stephen P., additional, Levine, Deborah A., additional, and Cushman, Mary, additional

Published
2015
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10. Performance of the NINDS-CSN 5-Minute Protocol in a National Population-Based Sample

Author

Kennedy, Richard E., primary, Wadley, Virginia G., additional, McClure, Leslie A., additional, Letter, Abraham J., additional, Unverzagt, Frederick W., additional, Crowe, Michael, additional, Nyenhius, David, additional, Kelley, Brendan J., additional, Kana, Bhumika, additional, Marceaux, Janice, additional, Kurella Tamura, Manjula, additional, Howard, Virginia, additional, and Howard, George, additional

Published
2014
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11. Abstract 106: Low Cognitive Scores in Domains of Learning, Memory or Executive Function Predict Incident Stroke: The REGARDS Study

Author

Wadley, Virginia G, primary, Thacker, Evan L, additional, Letter, Abraham J, additional, Unverzagt, Frederick W, additional, Moy, Claudia S, additional, Clark, David G, additional, McClure, Leslie A, additional, Howard, Virginia J, additional, Cushman, Mary, additional, Levine, Deborah A, additional, Kelley, Brendan J, additional, Kleindorfer, Dawn, additional, Kissela, Brett, additional, and Howard, George, additional

Published
2014
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14. High sodium:potassium intake ratio increases the risk for all-cause mortality: the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study

Author

Judd, Suzanne E., primary, Aaron, Kristal J., additional, Letter, Abraham J., additional, Muntner, Paul, additional, Jenny, Nancy S., additional, Campbell, Ruth C., additional, Kabagambe, Edmond K., additional, Levitan, Emily B., additional, Levine, Deborah A., additional, Shikany, James M., additional, Safford, Monika, additional, and Lackland, Daniel T., additional

Published
2013
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19. Abstract P287: Sex Differences in Stroke Incidence: The REGARDS Study

Author

Howard, Virginia J, primary, Judd, Suzanne E, additional, Letter, Abraham J, additional, Kleindorfer, Dawn O, additional, McClure, Leslie A, additional, Safford, Monika M, additional, Rhodes, James D, additional, Cushman, Mary, additional, Moy, Claudia S, additional, Soliman, Elsayed S, additional, Kissela, Brett M, additional, and Howard, George, additional

Published
2012
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24. Abstract 106.

Author

Wadley, Virginia G, Thacker, Evan L, Letter, Abraham J, Unverzagt, Frederick W, Moy, Claudia S, Clark, David G, Mcclure, Leslie A, Howard, Virginia J, Cushman, Mary, Levine, Deborah A, Kelley, Brendan J, Kleindorfer, Dawn, Kissela, Brett, and Howard, George

Published
2014

25. Abstract WP445.

Author

Addison-Brown, Kristin J, Letter, Abraham J, Yaggi, Henry K, Mcclure, Leslie A, Unverzagt, Frederick W, Howard, Virginia J, Lichtman, Judith H, and Wadley, Virginia G

Published
2013

26. Abstract 2562.

Author

Howard, Virginia J, Letter, Abraham J, Mcclure, Leslie A, Howard, George, Cunningham, Solveig, Kleindorfer, Dawn O, Thrift, Amanda G, and Diez Rouz, Ana V

Published
2012

27. Abstract 183.

Author

Austin, Audrey L, Crowe, Michael G, Crowther, Martha R, Howard, Virginia J, Letter, Abraham J, Pulley, Leavonne, Scogin, Forrest R, Unverzagt, Frederick W, Vinson, Latrice D, and Wadley, Virginia G

Published
2012

28. Applied nutritional investigation. Dietary contributors to glycemic load in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study.

Author

Shikany, James M., Judd, Suzanne E., Letter, Abraham J., Ard, Jamy D., and Newby, P.K.

Subjects
*GLYCEMIC index, *ANALYSIS of variance, *BEVERAGES, *BLACK people, *BREAD, *CHI-squared test, *DIET, *CARBOHYDRATE content of food, *GLUCANS, *GRAIN, *LONGITUDINAL method, *NUTRITIONAL assessment, *POPULATION geography, *PROBABILITY theory, *QUESTIONNAIRES, *RACE, *RESEARCH funding, *SELF-evaluation, *SEX distribution, *WHITE people, *BODY mass index, *INDEPENDENT living, *DATA analysis software, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *DIETARY sucrose, RESEARCH evaluation
Abstract

Objective: High dietary glycemic load (GL) has been associated with an increased risk for chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and selected cancers. The aim of this study was to identify the main food and food group contributors to dietary GL in a representative sample of US adults to inform future interventions. Methods: Participants were from the REGARDS (REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) study, a longitudinal cohort of 30 239 community-dwelling black and white women and men ages >45 y from throughout the United States. Diet was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. The amount of each carbohydrate food, and its glycemic index, were used to calculate GL values for each carbohydrate food reported. These were totaled to estimate the mean total daily GL for each participant. Individual carbohydrate foods also were collapsed into 18 carbohydrate food groups, and the portion of the total GL contributed by each carbohydrate food and food group was determined. Analyses were conducted overall, by race/sex groups, and by region. Results: Sweetened beverages were the main contributors to GL overall (12.14 median percentage [median %] of daily GL), by far the largest contributors in black men (17.79 median %) and black women (16.43 median %), and major contributors in white men (12.02 median %) and white women (11.22 median %). Other important contributors to GL overall and in all race/sex groups and regions included breads, starchy side dishes, and cereals. Conclusions: In this US cohort of white and black adults, sweetened beverages were major contributors to GL overall, especially in black participants. This information may help to inform future interventions targeting reduction in dietary GL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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