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Asphalt pavement is vulnerable to the temperature rising and extremely high-temperature weather caused by climate change. The regulation techniques of asphalt pavement high temperature have become a growing concern to adapt to climate change. This paper reviewed the state of the art on regulating asphalt pavement high temperature. Firstly, the influencing factors and potential regulation paths of asphalt pavement temperature were summarized. The regulation techniques were categorized into two categories. One is to regulate the heat transfer process, including enhancing reflection, increasing thermal resistance, and evaporation cooling. The other is to regulate through heat collection and transfer or conversion, including embedded heat exchange system, phase change asphalt pavement, and thermoelectric system. Then, the regulation techniques in the literature were reviewed one by one in terms of cooling effects and pavement performance. The issues that still need to be improved were also discussed. Finally, the regulation techniques were compared from the perspectives of theoretical cooling effects, construction convenience, and required maintenance. It can provide reference for understanding the development status of asphalt pavement high temperature regulation techniques and technique selection in practice.

Wettability is a crucial characteristic of materials that plays a vital role in surface engineering. Surface modification is the key to changing the wettability of materials, and a simple and universal modification approach is being extensively pursued by researchers. Recently, metal-phenolic networks (MPNs) have been widely studied because they impart versatility and functionality in surface modification. However, an MPN is not stable for long periods, especially under acidic conditions, and is susceptible to pollution by invasive species. Spurred by the versatility of MPNs and various functionalities achieved by silanization, we introduce a general strategy to fabricate functionally stable coatings with controllable surface wettability by combining the two methods. The formation process of MPN and silane-MPN coatings was characterized by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), UV-visible-near-infrared (UV-vis-NIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), water contact angle (WCA), etc. We found that the stability of the MPN was greatly enhanced after silanization, which is attributed to the cross-linking effect that occurs between silane and the MPN, namely, the cross-linking protection produced in this case. Additionally, the wettability of an MPN can be easily changed through our strategy. We trust that our strategy can further extend the applications of MPNs and points toward potential prospects in surface modification.

Surface runoff decrease (SRD) and sediment concentration change (SCC) are accountable for sediment reduction by anti-erosion strategies. Using a design of horizontal stages, contour trenches, fish-scale pits, as well as their combinations, this study evaluated the two components for sediment reduction after the implementation of various land management strategies on steep spoil tips. The study highlighted the interactions between SRD and SCC in reducing sediment, and characterized the temporal variations of sediment-reducing capacity by SRD and SCC. Results showed that slope erosion was well controlled with control ratios of sediment yield ranging from 0.4 to 0.59, 0.2 to 0.22, for horizontal stage- and contour trench-based strategies, respectively. Sediment-reducing benefit by SRD accounted for 52%-77% of the total sediment reduction and highly determined the performance of SCC. Quadratic relationships between sediment-reducing capacity by SCC and that by SRD were observed. The function of SCC only operated when the sediment-reducing capacity by SRD reached a certain threshold. These thresholds varied greatly in the range of 0.75 kg m

Different from traditional polyethylenimine (PEI) modified Hg(II) adsorbent materials, a novel hyperbranched polythioamide adsorbent (SPD) was prepared by using sulfur, PEI and 1,4-diethynylbenzene (DEB) as monomers. There are tens and thousands of tons of sulfur produced from oil refinery processes as a major by-product each year, and its utilization becomes a concern due to its limited consumption, environmental problems and safety. Herein, a SPD was fabricated through a one-pot, catalyst-free polymerization which even can be solvent-free via using sulfur to solidify the liquid PEI. A kinetic study showed that the adsorption of Hg(II) ions followed the pseudo-second-order model, indicating chemical adsorption between Hg(II) ions and SPD. The SPD had a maximum adsorption capacity of 1161.99 mg g−1. FT-IR and XPS measurements indicated that the removal of Hg(II) by SPD was mainly controlled by the coordination interaction between Hg(II) ions and nitrogen groups (i.e., amine and imine groups), and also CS bonds of SPD. By using elemental sulfur, PEI becomes the backbone of the polymer system by forming –C(S)NH– and –C(S)N< groups unlike the grafted part of traditional PEI modified materials. TG, DTG, and DSC measurements showed that the main degradations occurred at around 160 °C and 360 °C.

The poly(acrylic acid-acrylamide/starch) composite was synthesized by solution polymerization, aiming to adsorb mercury (II) in water. The resulted copolymer was characterized by particle size exclusion chromatography (SEC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry (TG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering particle size analyzer (DLS). It turned out that starch was successfully incorporated with the macromolecular polymer matrix and played a key role for improving the performance of the composites. These characterization results showed that the graft copolymer exhibited narrow molecular weight distribution, rough but uniform morphology, good thermal stability and narrow particle size distribution. The graft copolymer was used to remove Hg(II) ions from aqueous solution. The effects of contact time, pH value, initial mercury (II) concentration and temperature on the adsorption capacity of Hg(II) ions were researched. It was found that after 120 min of interaction, poly(acrylic acid-acrylamide/starch) composite achieved the maximum adsorption capacity of 19.23 mg·g−1 to Hg(II) ions with initial concentration of 15 mg·L−1, pH of 5.5 at 45 °C. Compared with other studies with the same purpose, the composites synthesized in this study present high adsorption properties for Hg(II) ion in dilute solution. The adsorption kinetics of Hg(II) on the poly(acrylic acid-acrylamide/starch) composite fits well with the pseudo second order model.

Self-aligned top-gate (SATG) amorphous zinc tin oxide thin-film transistors (a-ZTO TFTs) are fabricated for the first time. Ar plasma treatment forms the self-aligned source/drain (S/D) region and reduces the sheet resistance of the a-ZTO S/D region from a very high value over the measurable limit to around 2.5 $\text{k}\Omega $ /□. The annealing temperature of the a-ZTO film has a strong impact on the electrical performances of the fabricated TFTs. The N2O plasma treatment prior to gate insulator deposition remarkably enhances the TFT performances. The fabricated a-ZTO TFTs present a field-effect mobility of 12.1 ± 0.27 cm $^{\textbf {2}}/\textsf {V}\cdot \textsf {s}$ , a subthreshold swing of 0.3 ± 0.03 V/decade, and good electrical stress stability under both positive and negative biases. A low-cost SATG a-ZTO TFT technology is thus well demonstrated.

Three sets of functional monomers namely urea-based, 2-ureido-4[1H]-primidone (UPy)-based and norbornene based functional monomers were designed and synthesized. These functional monomers (FM) were obtained in decent yields using amine and isocyanate/norbornene as starting materials. Methacrylate and styrene isocyanate with 1,4-diaminobutane/tris(2-aminoethyl)amine were chosen for the synthesis of symmetrical, asymmetrical and three-branched urea-functional monomers, respectively. UPy-based FMs were synthesized with isocyanate and 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidine. The synthesis of these monomers feature short reaction times, mild reaction conditions and no need for column chromatographic purification. Furthermore, the norbornene based FM was used for preparing molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) by Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP). Results showed that these synthetic routes represent a convenient and useful approach for synthesis of novel functional monomers.

The influence of temperature on the time dependent photocurrent $(I_{ph})$ of amorphous InZnO (a-IZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) under illumination with different wavelengths is investigated. Strong dependence of photocurrent on temperature is observed with the photocurrent follows the Arrhenius relationship. As the I ph increases with the increasing illumination time, the activation energy $(E_{a})$ of I ph extracted from the Arrhenius plots shows two trends, with the E a decreases firstly, and increases subsequently after a minimal value is reached. The decreasing and increasing trends suggest that the barrier lowering effect at the source side near the back channel and the screening effect of the accumulated photo-induced ionized oxygen vacancies within the channel region near the front channel are the dominating physical mechanisms of I ph , respectively.

Polyimide films were treated by CF4 plasma to serve as bank material for inkjet printing OLED. Excellent hydrophobicity was thus obtained due to the F implantation. However, degradation of hydrophobicity was observed by post-oven, an inevitable process for inkjet printing. This degradation is probably caused by the H 2 O/O 2 chemical adsorption.

As a key input variable to many global climates, land surfaces and crop models, cropping intensity (CI) accurately assesses and predicts crops' output, in view of the global decline in food production in recent years due to declining natural resources, urban expansion and declining quality of arable land. Hence, research on CI mapping can have a contribution to solve this problem. Unfortunately, existing remote sensing data for CI mapping research, including Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Landsat images, are not adequate for obtaining CI information at higher spatial and temporal resolution. In this regard, we develop an algorithm to extract CI based on per-pixel physiognomy. To be specific, the algorithm is based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform and constructs a high temporal (10 days) spatial (30 m) resolution dataset with the fusion of Landsat 7/8 and Sentinel-2 A/B image data and extracts CI information using a time series of peak discovery method, threshold method and phenological period feature extraction to obtain the 2018 Chinese Huai River Basin (HRB) CI map. Our results suggest that the overall accuracy (OA) of CI extraction in the HRB is 92.72%, with a kappa coefficient of 0.864. The single-season crop, double-season crop and three-season crop account for 41.6%, 57.7% and 0.7% of the total farmland area, respectively. Compared to existing CI identification and extraction methods, this approach achieves higher accuracy in the identification and extraction of CI information over a larger area.

In this work, a self-circulation oxygen-hydrogen peroxide-oxygen (O2-H2O2-O2) system with photogenerated electrons as fuel and highly active hemin monomers as operators was engineered for ultrasensitive cathode photoelectrochemical bioassay of microRNA-141 (miRNA-141) using a stacked sealed paper device. During the circulation, the photogenerated electrons from BiVO4/Cu2O photosensitive structures assembled on a reduced graphene oxide paper electrode first reduced the electron acceptors (dissolved O2) to H2O2, which was then catalytically decomposed by hemin monomers to generate O2 again. The regenerated O2 continued to be reduced, which made O2 and H2O2 stuck in the infinite loop of O2-H2O2-O2 accompanied by the fast consumption of photogenerated electrons, generating an amplified photocurrent signal. When a target existed, a duplex-specific nuclease-induced target recycling reaction with dual trigger DNA probes as the output was performed to initiate the assembly of bridge-like DNA nanostructures, which endowed the self-circulation system with dual destruction functions as follows. (i) Reduced fuel supply: the assembled DNA bridges acting as a negatively charged barrier prevented the photogenerated electrons from participating in the O2 reduction to H2O2. (ii) Incapacitation of operators: DNA bridging induced the dimerization of hemin monomers linked on the DNA hairpins to catalytically inactive hemin dimers, leading to the abortive regeneration of O2. These destruction functions resulted in the circulation interruption and a remarkably decreased photocurrent signal. Thus, the developed cathode photoelectrochemical biosensing platform achieved ultrasensitive miRNA-141 detection with a linear range of 0.25 fM to 1 nM and a detection limit of 83 aM, and it also exhibited high accuracy, selectivity, and practicability.

Excess sulfur has become a global problem in petrochemical industry. Inexpensive and easily available cottonseed oil (CSO) is still underutilized. To resolve these issues, bio-based polysulfide composites were prepared via inverse vulcanization of sulfur and CSO. The density of polysulfide composites was adjusted by fillers. The results showed that Elm and cattail as the fillers had no effects on the thermal properties and chemical structures of polysulfide composites. However, the morphologies of polysulfide composites were significantly influenced by the fillers. Different types and amounts of fillers produced significantly different holes and folds in the composites. The fillers were embedded in polysulfide composites by physical filling. This study provides an alternative and promising approach for preparing affordable density-adjustable bio-based polysulfide composite.

Soil detachment is one of the most important processes of soil erosion, as it is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of soil erosion in areas subject to seasonal freeze-thaw. However, most previous studies on the effect of freeze-thaw on soil detachment capacity (SDC) of bare soil, little research on SDC under the effect of freeze-thaw and the root system. This study investigated the effects of freeze-thaw and the root system on soil detachment capacity through hydraulic flume experiments to simulate the soil detachment process of two soil types, sand soil and loessal soil, under four treatments, control, freeze-thaw, root system and freeze-thaw + root system. And a prediction model was developed to calculate SDC under the effect of freeze-thaw and the root system. The results illustrated that the SDC of sand soil was higher than that of loessal soil. The SDC of two soils was reduced and increased by the root system and freeze-thaw, respectively, although the former effect was significant (P 0.84). The inclusion of root weight significantly improve the accuracy of the SDC prediction model developed by hydraulic parameters. A general model based on stream power and root weight was developed to quantify SDC and was shown to have a high SDC prediction accuracy for both soils treated by freeze-thaw and the root system [NSE = 0.88，R2 = 0.90].

The epigenome and three-dimensional (3D) –genomic architecture are emerging as key factors in the dynamic regulation of different transcriptional programs required for neuronal functions. Here we utilize an activity-dependent tagging system in mice to determine the epigenetic state, 3D-genome architecture, and transcriptional landscape of engram cells over the lifespan of memory formation and recall. Our findings reveal that memory encoding leads to an epigenetic priming event, marked by increased accessibility of enhancers without corresponding transcriptional changes. Memory consolidation subsequently results in spatial reorganization of large chromatin segments and promoter-enhancer interactions. Finally, with reactivation, engram neurons utilize a subset of de novo long-range interactions, where primed enhancers were brought in contact with their respective promoters to up-regulate genes involved in local protein translation in synaptic compartments. Collectively, our work elucidates the comprehensive transcriptional and epigenomic landscape across the lifespan of memory formation and recall in the hippocampal engram ensemble. The formation and preservation of long-term memories depends on coordinated gene expression and synthesis of synaptic proteins1. These molecular processes act within a specific population of neurons, referred to as engram cells2–4. Recent approaches using activity-dependent expression of reporters, provided a framework for exploring the engram ensemble5–8, but the molecular mechanisms that govern memory storage and retrieval remain poorly understood. Specifically, epigenetic modifications and 3D -genomic architecture are emerging as a key factors in dynamic regulation of gene expression9–17, and there is an increasing appreciation of their importance in neuronal function, development and disease14,16,18 Here, we utilized the Targeted Recombination in Active Populations (TRAP) mouse model5,6, in which activated neurons expressing the Activity Regulated Cytoskeleton Associated Protein, (Arc) gene, are permanently tagged in an inducible manner. Activated neurons during memory encoding, consolidation and recall were sorted and subjected to nuclear RNA sequencing (nRNA-seq), Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) and chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C). Our data demonstrates that memory encoding leads to a genome-wide increase in chromatin accessibility, without expected changes in gene expression. Furthermore, we demonstrate that late phase of memory consolidation was associated with re-localization of large chromatin segments (sub-compartments) from inactive to permissive environments, and reorganization of the promoter-enhancer interaction landscape. Finally, reactivation of the neurons during memory recall is associated with de novo promoter-enhancer interactions, utilizing a large subset of the enhancers that were primed during memory encoding. These promoter-enhancer interactions are associated with a robust change in the expression of genes involved in local protein synthesis and synaptic morphogenesis.

Biomass-based functional rubber adsorbents were designed and prepared via inverse vulcanization and post-modification. The plant rubber was synthesized with sulfur and renewable cottonseed oil as well as various micromolecular modifiers with nitrogen-containing functional groups. Results showed that types of nitrogen-containing functional groups and dosages of modifiers had a significant impact on the adsorption capacities of the resulting polymers for Hg2+. Notably, when the mass ratio of 2-aminoethyl methacrylate (AEMA) to sulfur was 0.05, the resulting polymer polysulfide-co-cottonseed oil modified by AEMA (SCOA2) showed the highest adsorption capacity (343.3 mg g&minus, 1) among all the prepared samples. Furthermore, the Hg2+ removal efficiency of SCOA2 remained over 80% of its original value after five adsorption-desorption cycles. It demonstrated a promising case for utilizing cheap industrial by-products (sulfur) and renewable materials (cottonseed oil). The prepared functional rubber provides alternative approach for mercury removal in waste utilization and sustainable chemistry.

A room-temperature flexible amorphous indium–gallium–zinc oxide thin film transistor (a-IGZO TFT) technology is developed on plastic substrates, in which both the gate dielectric and passivation layers of the TFTs are formed by an anodic oxidation (anodization) technique. While the gate dielectric Al2O3 is grown with a conventional anodization on an Al:Nd gate electrode, the channel passivation layer Al2O3 is formed using a localized anodization technique. The anodized Al2O3 passivation layer shows a superior passivation effect to that of PECVD SiO2. The room-temperature-processed flexible a-IGZO TFT exhibits a field-effect mobility of 7.5 cm2/V·s, a subthreshold swing of 0.44 V/dec, an on–off ratio of 3.1 × 108, and an acceptable gate-bias stability with threshold voltage shifts of 2.65 and −1.09 V under positive gate-bias stress and negative gate-bias stress, respectively. Bending and fatigue tests confirm that the flexible a-IGZO TFT also has a good mechanical reliability, with electrical performances ...

The electrical recovery behaviors of the amorphous InGaZnO thin-film transistors (a-IGZO TFTs) after positive gate-bias stress (PBS) are investigated. The TFTs show an evident sub-threshold swing (SS) degradation after the PBS removal when the channel layer is deposited at relatively high oxygen flow rates, although they exhibit a parallel positive shift in the transfer characteristics during the PBS. It is inferred that the SS degradation results from the oxygen interstitial defects created in the a-IGZO channel during the PBS, which are in the octahedral configuration and are usually more easily created in the oxygen-rich a-IGZO channel layer. They are electrically inactive during the PBS due to the “negative U” behavior and then become relaxed and electrically active during the recovery process, leading to the SS degradation during the recovery process.

This work investigates the source-drain (S-D) parasitic resistance (RSD) characteristics of the back-channel-etched (BCE) a-IGZO TFTs with ultra-thin Nb doped TiO2 (TNO) protective layer. It is shown that RSD is strongly related to the thickness of the TNO protective layer although the electrical performances of the BCE a-IGZO TFTs with different TNO thickness are similar to each other. The BCE TFT with 3 nm TNO shows an unusually large RSD value (300 Ω cm). It is suggested that a ~3 nm TNO depletion layer should be formed at the TNO/a-IGZO interface in the S-D region in this case. In addition, RSD of the BCE TFTs with 1 and 5 nm TNO is 11 and 26 Ω cm, respectively. The low RSD of these two devices is caused by much thinner TNO depletion layers in the S-D region. Besides, a moderate RSD of 53 Ω cm for the S-D lift-off device can be ascribed to a lower a-IGZO band bending at the Mo/a-IGZO interface than that of the BCE devices at the TNO/a-IGZO interface.

The effect of oxygen adsorption at the back channel of a-IGZO thin-film transistors (TFTs) is investigated. It is shown that for TFTs with the channel layer sputter-deposited at a high O2/Ar flow rate ratio ( $\text{R}_\text {O/Ar})$ , the threshold voltages in vacuum and O2 ambient do not show any difference; for devices fabricated at a low $\text{R}_{\text {O/Ar}}$ , the threshold voltages in vacuum are lower than those in O2. In addition, the devices in O2 show a more significant threshold voltage shift than those in vacuum do under a positive gate bias stress. The surface-state model is used to explain this observation. It is inferred that the oxygen adsorptions are physical and chemical, respectively, in the high- and low- $\text{R}_{\text {O/Ar}}$ cases, and the transition from physical to chemical adsorption occurs when a positive gate bias stress is applied.

A new back-channel-etched process for the fabrication of amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) is demonstrated, in which a conductive Nb doped TiO 2 (TNO) thin film is used to serve as protective layer for the a-IGZO active layer. It is shown that the TNO film provides the active layer with excellent protection even when the thickness is only 1 nm. With treatment by N 2 O plasma +200°C annealing, the conductive TNO can be converted into an insulator to serve as an in situ passivation layer. Besides, by the introduction of the TNO layer, the source-drain parasitic resistance of the BCE process fabricated TFTs is significantly reduced and the positive bias stress stability is improved as well.

Thin film transistors (TFTs) with amorphous InMgO (a-IMO) and InGaZnO (a-IGZO) stacked active layers are proposed to implement high-performance ultraviolet (UV) detectors. In this structure, the IGZO layer serves as the conductive layer and the IMO layer acts as the light absorption layer. The fabricated a-IGZO/a-IMO TFT shows comparable electrical characteristics to those of the conventional a-IGZO TFT as well as high UV photocurrent gain with good visible-blindness. In addition, the a-IGZO/a-IMO TFT-based sensor operates with stable and successive light detection. Thus, the a-IGZO/a-IMO TFT has been demonstrated to be able to act as both sensing and switching devices in the pixels of UV image sensors.

Nano-dispersed Fe0 and Fe3O4 on reduced graphene oxide (Fe0/Fe3O4-RGO) was prepared and characterized. The prepared Fe0/Fe3O4-RGO was used as a magnetically separable Fenton-like catalyst and showed superior catalytic activity compared to Fe3O4-RGO and Fe3O4 as well as other Fenton-like catalysts for the removal of phenol. The Fe0/Fe3O4-RGO achieved 100% removal efficiency for phenol within 30 min. Free radical inhibition experiments and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) showed that the main reactive species was ˙OH rather than FeIV. High resolution TEM results revealed that nanoscale Fe0 and Fe3O4 were uniformly dispersed and distributed on RGO without agglomeration, furnishing more active sites. The catalyst featured a unique mechanism of electron transfer-facilitated regeneration of active Fe2+ by nano-dispersed iron/graphene. RGO served as an effective mediator to facilitate the electron transfer from Fe0 to Fe3+ for the regeneration of Fe2+, which was critical in the catalytic process. This electron transfer-facilitated regeneration of active Fe2+ resulted in a reusable catalyst with high catalytic activity for the removal of phenol. The nano-dispersed Fe0/Fe3O4-RGO could be easily separated and recovered by magnetic field. The Fe0/Fe3O4-RGO catalyst was reusable and the removal efficiency of phenol after 5 catalytic cycles was as high as 93%. The Fe0/Fe3O4-RGO could be an effective Fenton-like catalyst for the treatment of waste water containing refractory phenol and phenol type pollutants.

Herein, we demonstrated the mechanical properties and morphologies of modified polypropylene (PP) using a combination of glass fibers (GFs) and α-nucleating agents (TMP-6 or TMA-3) at different loadings with the aid of a compatibilizing agent during melt compounding and compression molding. The structural characteristics and properties of modified PP composites were analyzed. The results indicated that TMP-6/GF/PP and TMA-3/GF/PP exhibited significantly enhanced mechanical performance as compared to TMP-6/PP, TMA-3/PP, and neat PP. The influence of the type and concentration of α-NAs on the morphology and crystallization behavior of PP composites was also studied. Compared with that of the GF/PP composite, the impact strength of TMA-3/GF/PP increased up to 179.4 J m−1 at 0.2 wt% of TMA-3 with moderate improvements in tensile strength and flexural modulus. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that there was good adhesion at the interface between the GFs and PP matrix. This method provided an alternative approach for the design of novel PP composites.

Hierarchical nitrogen-doped porous carbons (HNPCs) with tunable pore structures and ultrahigh specific surface areas were designed and prepared from sustainable biomass precursor cellulose carbamate via simultaneous carbonization and activation by a facile one-pot approach. The as-synthesized HNPCs exhibited an ultrahigh specific surface area (3700 m2 g−1), a high pore volume (3.60 cm3 g−1) and a high level of nitrogen-doping (7.7%). The HNPCs were structurally tunable in terms of their pore structure and morphology by adjusting the calcination temperature. In three-electrode systems, the electrode made of HNPCs prepared at 900 °C (HNPCs-900) showed a high specific capacitance of 339 F g−1 in 6 M KOH aqueous electrolyte and 282 F g−1 in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. An outstanding rate capability (∼73% retention at a current density of 20 A g−1) and excellent cycling stability (∼95% retention after 5000 galvanostatic charge–discharge cycles at a current density of 5 A g−1) in KOH electrolyte were achieved. In two-electrode systems, the electrode made of HNPCs-900 exhibited a high specific capacitance of 289 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and good rate capacity (∼72% retention at a current density of 20 A g−1) as well as cycling stability (∼92% retention at 2 A g−1) after 5000 cycles. Furthermore, the HNPCs-900 showed an unprecedented adsorption capacity for methylene blue (1551 mg g−1) which was among the few highest ever reported for dye removal. The HNPCs could be used as functional materials for energy storage and waste water treatment.