1. Toxicological insights of Spike fragments SARS-CoV-2 by exposure environment: A threat to aquatic health?
- Author
-
Amanda Pereira da Costa Araújo, Roberta Jeane Bezerra Jorge, Bianca Helena Ventura Fernandes, Marco Antonio de Andrade Belo, Gláucia Maria Machado-Santelli, Eduardo Maffud Cilli, Flávio P. Veras, Guilherme Malafaia, Ives Charlie-Silva, Rafael Henrique Nóbrega, Giovane Galdino, Rafael M. Rezende, Helyson Lucas Bezerra Braz, Letícia G. de Pontes, Antonio Condino-Neto, Jorge Galindo-Villegas, Abraão Tiago Batista Guimarães, Paulo R. S. Sanches, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiano Federal Institute – Urata Campus, Federal University of Ceara, Brazil University, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Federal University of Alfenas, Nord University, and Harvard Medical School
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Antioxidant ,SARS-Cov-2 ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,medicine.medical_treatment ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,coronavirus ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Aquatic toxicology ,Amphibians ,Superoxide dismutase ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,oxidative stress ,Animals ,Humans ,Waste Management and Disposal ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Reactive oxygen species ,amphibians ,biology ,Chemistry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,ANTIOXIDANTES ,COVID-19 ,Aquatic animal ,acetylcholinesterase ,Pollution ,Coronavirus ,Enzyme ,Biochemistry ,Oxidative stress ,Catalase ,Larva ,Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ,Acetylcholinesterase ,biology.protein ,Anura - Abstract
The Spike protein (S protein) is a critical component in the infection of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The objective of this work was to evaluate whether peptides from S protein could cause negative impact in the aquatic animals. The aquatic toxicity of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein peptides derivatives has been evaluated in tadpoles (n = 50 tadpoles/5 replicates of 10 animals) from species Physalaemus cuvieri (Leptodactylidae). After synthesis, purification, and characterization of peptides (PSDP2001, PSDP2002, PSDP2003) an aquatic contamination has been simulated with these peptides during 24 hours of exposure in two concentrations (100 and 500 ng/mL). The control group (“C”) was composed of tadpoles kept in polyethylene containers containing de-chlorinated water. Oxidative stress, antioxidant biomarkers and AChE activity were assessed. In both concentrations, PSPD2002 and PSPD2003 increased catalase and superoxide dismutase antioxidants enzymes activities, as well as oxidative stress (nitrite levels, hydrogen peroxide and reactive oxygen species). All three peptides also increased acetylcholinesterase activity in the highest concentration. These peptides showed molecular interactions in silico with acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant enzymes. Aquatic particle contamination of SARS-CoV-2 has cholinesterasic effect in P. cuvieri tadpoles. These findings indicate that the COVID-19 can constitute environmental impact or biological damage potential., Graphical abstract
- Published
- 2021