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Background and Aim: Flemish cattle in Brazil are on the brink of extinction and are found only in one herd in Lages, Santa Catarina State. This study aimed to uncover the reasons for the recurring abortions in the Flemish cattle herd. Materials and Methods: Seventeen Flemish fetuses underwent postmortem examinations, with samples collected for histopathology and microbiology culture tests, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for Neospora caninum, and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) test for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) from 2015 to 2020. Results: Of the 17 fetuses, N. caninum was the most common diagnosis and was found in 88% (15/17). One fetus (5.8%) had a coinfection with N. caninum and Citrobacter amalonaticus, leading to fibrinonecrotic pericarditis. All fetuses tested negative for BVDV by RT-PCR. Of the 107 dams tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay, 26 (25.2%) were anti-N. caninum seropositive, with 17 (65.4%) aborting and 5 (19.2%) having estrus repetition. Reverse transcription-PCR results showed that 9 (8.4%) of the serum samples collected from dams tested positive, which tested follow-up test 3 months later, indicating a BVDV transient infection. The factors that contributed to neosporosis included dogs’ access to pastures and improper disposal of fetal remains, which made it easier for dogs to consume them. Conclusion: This study warns the occurrence of N. caninum as a cause of reproductive disorders that can lead to abortion in the studied Flemish cattle herd.

O presente artigo relata um caso de febre catarral maligna (FCM), causada pelo herpesvírus ovino tipo 2 (OvHV-2), ocorrida em um bovino em uma propriedade leiteira do Oeste Catarinense em 2023. O animal apresentou sinais clínicos típicos da doença e para o diagnóstico foi realizado histopatológico, reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e sequenciamento de DNA. Esse artigo ressalta a importância dos rebanhos ovinos e bovinos serem mantidos separados a fim evitar a transmissão de patógenos entre essas duas espécies animais. Ademais, esse relato reforça a necessidade da realização de diagnóstico laboratorial para confirmação de suspeitas clínicas a fim de se obter um diagnóstico preciso e uma prevenção/controle assertivos das doenças infectocontagiosas que acometem bovinos.