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The sense of security constitutes one of the fundamental human needs. Due to the crucial role that security plays in the contemporary world and its impact on states, societies, and individuals, it is often a subject of analysis in scientific literature. The article focuses on the definition of security and its evolution in the context of the individual and society. The security of modern humans is a complex, dynamic phenomenon that goes beyond traditional areas of threats, requiring redefinition in the context of changing social and technological realities. Within this research, the views of representatives from various scientific disciplines are presented, and a new definition of the concept of security is proposed. The author suggests their own definition of security as a state of mind, dependent on the satisfaction of needs in various dimensions (material and immaterial) and in relation to the individual or collective. The dynamic nature of security and its connection to the individual's perception of threats and situations is emphasized.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes acute lower and upper respiratory tract infections in all age groups. The clinical course of RSV infection differs depending on age and comorbidities. RSV infections are severe in the adult population; the highest risk of complications is seen in the elderly (age over 60 years) and in individuals with certain chronic disorders. Vaccination is the only currently available method of active prevention of RSV infections in adults. RSV vaccines stimulate both the humoral and the cell-mediated immunity and ensure a high level of protection against severe and complicated infection. Vaccination is recommended in all patients over the age of 60 years, particularly those with chronic disease (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other chronic respiratory tract disorders, ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, diabetes, chronic kidney disease), immunodeficient individuals and nursing home residents.

The study discusses the quality assessment of selected mobile banking services, verified on the users’ opinion case. For the service research offered by banks operating in Sulęcin county in western Poland (Lubuskie), customers living in this territory were invited. The survey was conducted in 2024. In spatial scope, they concerned territory located mostly in rural areas: 5 municipalities, including 3 urban-rural municipalities and 2 rural municipalities in Sulęcin county. The survey was a pilot study. Using the diagnostic survey method, the opinions of more than 400 invites were collected. A random sampling was carried out, setting the minimum sample size as adequate for a statistical representative sample. A proprietary survey questionnaire was developed, consisting of 19 closed-ended questions and an informative metric. Responses were programmed according to a five-point Likert scale, and the results were aggregated and discussed. The study also used an individual in-depth interview technique, comparative and descriptive analysis. As a result, it was noted that the vast majority of Sulęcin county residents who are bank customers just use mobile banking services. The most common uses are so-called fast payments, “traditional” bank transfers and downloading information, that is, checking account balances. Popularity has proven to be a mirror of usability and quality of services. The high quality assessment of mobile banking services, according to residents surveyed, was determined primarily by the relative ease of access and use of mobile applications, speed of operation, convenience and flexibility of usage location, time savings, and trust, requiring confidence in the security of transactions. Despite the positive quality assessment of mobile services, it is worth noting the potential risks formulated as key recommendations. These mainly concern the reduction of technical problems in the mobile application use, as well as the constantly emerging cyber security threats.

We present a case of a 29-year-old male who was brought into the hospital due to unresponsiveness and found to have heroin inhalational leukoencephalopathy (HLE). HLE is one component of a broad spectrum of opioid encephalopathies that is associated with heroin inhalation and other opioids. There is considerable overlap of HLE with other toxic and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathies; however, the specific territories of brain involvement help distinguish it from other cerebral insults. The goal of this study is to help elucidate the findings of HLE and compare these findings to other toxic and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathies.

The study aims to develop a reconstruction and measurement system for data analysis using ultrasound transmission tomography (UST) and electrical impedance tomography (EIT), which can be implemented in wearable solutions for non-invasive monitoring and diagnosis of functional urinary tract disorders. Functional disorders can be associated with many urinary system defects, constipation, and central nervous system defects (spina bifida, cerebral palsy). The lack of non-invasive diagnostic methods for a functional and comprehensive analysis of the state of the urinary tract reduces the likelihood of a correct diagnosis and effective treatment. Furthermore, constructing a physical model of a tomograph is problematic due to the complexity of acoustic phenomena necessary for modeling in the case of a heterogeneous environment of propagation of waves in small, limited spaces. Nevertheless, the radial propagation model used in UST is sufficient for effectively detecting disturbances in the interior of objects and is used in medical solutions. The innovation of the solution lies in the simultaneous assessment of urinary tract function based on the analysis of images obtained using EIT and UST. As a non-invasive diagnostic, UST allows for visualization of the body's internal structures (including muscles, blood vessels, and internal organs). However, UST-based diagnostic systems of the urinary tract are not present in world markets. Moreover, building such a system requires solving many problems: limited research fields, dependence on the body structure, difficulties in imaging bone structures, and areas filled with gases.

This study's primary goal is to improve the accuracy and efficiency of acoustic wave propagation simulations using circular probe models in ultrasonography. This research aims to develop a detailed understanding of how variations in boundary conditions and wave characteristics influence the fidelity of ultrasound imaging. A range of simulation techniques were employed, focusing on non-dispersive and dispersive scenarios, to model acoustic wave behavior comprehensively. The study utilized Gaussian beamforming techniques and improved kernel functions to refine the resolution and decrease computational overhead. Various scenarios were simulated to analyze the impact of wave scattering and dispersion on imaging outcomes. The simulations demonstrated significant improvements in image resolution and accuracy. The refined methods allowed for more apparent distinctions in wave behavior under different boundary conditions, providing deeper insights into wave propagation dynamics. The results confirmed that controlling dispersion and scattering is critical for enhancing imaging quality. This research contributes to the field of ultrasonic imaging by presenting advanced simulation methods that offer more accurate and efficient imaging solutions. The study provides valuable insights into optimizing ultrasonic probes and imaging techniques by focusing on the impact of wave characteristics and boundary conditions. The findings have significant implications for medical diagnostics and material characterization, suggesting potential improvements in ultrasound technology for better patient outcomes and more precise material assessments.

Abstract In this study, we introduce a novel advancement in the field of theoretical exploration. Specifically, we investigate the transfer and trapping of electronic excitations within a two-component disordered system confined to a finite volume. The implications of our research extend to energy transfer phenomena on spherical nanoparticles, characterized by randomly distributed donors and acceptors on their surface. Utilizing the three-body Padé approximant technique, previously employed in single-component systems, we apply it to address the challenge of trapping within our system. To validate the robustness of our model, we conduct Monte Carlo simulations on a donor–acceptor system positioned on a spherical nanoparticle. In particular, very good agreement between the model and Monte Carlo simulations has been found for donor fluorescence intensity decay.

Abstract The largest rivers in developed countries have usually been turned into waterways by straightening them and removing large bedforms hampering navigation. For river restoration and their sustainable management it is important to know how large bedforms support biodiversity, whether they could be protected and what potential conflicts in river management they can pose. We have addressed these questions by studying the role of large bedforms in supporting populations of two inland tern species Sternula albifrons and Sterna hirundo. We spatially analysed the behaviour of these two species with reference to the bedform structure mapped over a long semi-natural reach of the River Wisła (Vistula) (S. Poland). The results show that radiotagged terns breed on islands within the aggradation reaches, foraging in the adjacent shallows inhabited by populations of small fish. For Little Terns, the more complex the water line of emergent forms, the greater their foraging intensity. The islands do not pose any flood risk to human settlements. The whole geofeature forms an integral habitat for fish and birds; it is maintained by its geographic settings and so is stable over long periods of time (over 200 years). Protection of such habitats is thus feasible.

Cermet coatings are one of the best surface protection of machine elements against wear. On the other hand, the most universal and economically justified method of applying such coatings is high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying. This method makes it possible to produce coatings characterized by compact structure, low porosity and very good adhesion to the substrate. All these fundamental properties contribute to the high wear resistance of these coatings. However, carrying out full wear tests (e.g. ball-on-disc) is time-consuming, especially when it is necessary to select the proper feedstock material and carefully selected process parameters. The aim of the following researches was to statistically investigate the possibility of replacing long-term wear resistance tests with estimation of this performance on the basis of determining the fundamental mechanical properties of the coatings. Three types of coating materials were selected: WC-12Co, WC-10Co-4Cr and WC-20Cr3C2-7Ni, which were deposited on AZ31 magnesium alloy substrates from three different spray distances: 320, 360 and 400 mm. On the basis of the tests carried out and using cluster analysis techniques (the Ward and k-means methods), the relative similarity between the obtained coatings was determined. The applied methodology allowed to select from the analyzed cermet coatings such samples that were characterized by improved resistance to abrasive wear. The obtained results of the analyzes were also referred to the results of tests of resistance to abrasive wear.

In the article, the problem of multi-criteria optimization of quality control mechanisms is analyzed. The presented method assumes the use of the NPGA genetic algorithm to simultaneously manage costs and the level of detecting non-conformities. The main assumption of the presented approach is to treat individual quality control procedures as vectors, whose elements are probability generating functions of defect detection. Each of these procedures generates certain operational costs and covers specific types of defects within its scope. The task of the presented algorithm is to indicate which procedure and to what extent should operate to ensure an appropriate level of non-conformity detection while minimizing costs. The article presents the theoretical foundations of the developed algorithm and the results of its implementation. The software has been developed in C++ with a particular focus on performance aspects. Its essence lies in the implementation of data structures introduced in the theoretical part, as well as methods for their rapid processing. Thanks to this approach, the entire program is scalable and can be used to solve multidimensional optimization problems. The presented approach may also find application in other areas of enterprise management. This will be possible primarily in cases where the effectiveness of procedures or devices is primarily evaluated based on probability. Therefore, the presented methods can provide effective optimization of other areas related to enterprise management.

Abstract A recent systematic review indicated that gut–microbiota–brain axis contributes to growth and rupture of intracranial aneurysms. However, gaps were detected in the role of intestinal microbiome in cerebral vasospasm (CVS) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). This is the first pilot study aiming to test study feasibility and identify differences in gut microbiota between subjects with and without CVS following aSAH. A prospective nested case–control pilot study with 1:1 matching was conducted recruiting subjects with aSAH: cases with CVS; and controls without CVS based on the clinical picture and structured bedside transcranial Doppler (TCD). Fecal samples for microbiota analyses by means of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing were collected within the first 96 h after ictus. Operational taxonomic unit tables were constructed, diversity metrics calculated, phylogenetic trees built, and differential abundance analysis (DAA) performed. At baseline, the groups did not differ significantly in basic demographic and aneurysm-related characteristics (p > 0.05). Alpha-diversity (richness and Shannon Index) was significantly reduced in cases of middle cerebral artery (MCA) vasospasm (p

Abstract This work experimentally addresses damage calibration of an unmanned aerial vehicle in operational condition. A wide range of damage level and types are simulated and controlled by an electric motor via pulse width modulation in this regard. The measurement is carried out via established protocols of using a piezo-patch on one of the 8 arms, utilising the vibration sensitivity and flexibility of the arms, demonstrating repeatability of such protocol. Subsequently, recurrence analysis on the voltage time series data is performed for detection of damage. Quantifiers of damage extent are then created for the full range of damage conditions, including the extreme case of complete loss of power. Experimental baseline condition for no damage condition is also established in this regard. Both diagonal-line and vertical-line based indicators from recurrence analysis are sensitive to the quantitative estimates of damage levels and a statistical test of significance analysis confirms that it is possible to automate distinguishing the levels of damage. The damage quantifiers proposed in this paper are useful for rapid monitoring of unmanned aerial vehicle operations of connection.

Abstract Venom production has evolved independently many times in the animal kingdom, although it is rare among mammals. Venomous shrews produce venom in their submandibular salivary glands and use it for food acquisition. Only a few toxins have been identified in shrew venoms thus far, and their modes of action require investigation. The biological and molecular processes relating to venom production and gland functioning also remain unknown. To address this gap, we investigated protein content in extracts from venom glands of two shrew species, Neomys fodiens and Sorex araneus, and interpreted their biological functions. Applying a proteomic approach coupled with Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, we identified 313 and 187 putative proteins in venom glands of N. fodiens and S. araneus, respectively. A search of the UniProt database revealed that most of the proteins found in both shrew species were involved in metabolic processes and stress response, while GO enrichment analysis revealed more stress-related proteins in the glands of S. araneus. Molecules that regulate molecule synthesis, cell cycles, and cell divisions are necessary to enable venom regeneration and ensure its effectiveness in predation and food hoarding. The presence of proteins involved in stress response may be the result of shrews’ high metabolic rate and the costs of venom replenishment. Some proteins are likely to promote toxin spreading during envenomation and, due to their proteolytic action, reinforce venom toxicity. Finally, finding numerous proteins involved in immune response suggests a potential role of shrew venom gland secretions in protection against pathogens. These findings open up new perspectives for studying biological functions of molecules from shrew venom glands and extend our knowledge on the functioning of eulipotyphlan venom systems. Because the majority of existing and putative venomous mammals use oral venom systems to inject venom into target species, the methods presented here provide a promising avenue for confirming or discovering new taxa of venomous mammals.

The article discusses the consequences of participatory actions in a museum exemplified by the Find Art exhibition presented at the Muzeum Sztuki Lodz in 2017. It focuses on the transformative impact of participatory projects on museum culture and organizational structure. Museums have shifted from collection-driven entities to audience-oriented institutions, blurring lines between entertainment, education, and cultural heritage. The author highlights the changing paradigm of museums from old to new museology, critiquing power structures within museums. Based on the analysis of the Find Art exhibition the author argues that participatory projects reconfigure a museum institution, creating a Protean community of multi-functional collaborations that challenge conventional museum roles. He suggests a post-critical approach, defining a “distributed museum,” where networks of dependencies redefine the museum’s role beyond traditional boundaries. The author acknowledges the diverse contributions within the distributed museum, encompassing both formal and informal entities and addresses potential implications of exploitation within this dynamic community.

Abstract Background Air pollution is associated with adverse health effects, especially on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, but according to recent research, even in cognitive health, metabolic, and immune systems. The objective was to analyse the effect of long-term exposure to air pollution on selected immune system parameters, 8-isoprostane a parameter of oxidative stress, and alpha-1-antitrypsin a protease inhibitor. Methods The number of 381 probands aged 35–65 from two differently polluted regions was included. Lifetime exposures to PM10, PM2.5, NO2, B(a)P, and benzene for each proband were calculated based on historical pollutant concentrations observed. The selected blood parameters were analysed in relation to independent variables (air pollutants, socioeconomic factors, etc.) using multiple regression. Possible covariates were determined. In its end, the study was conceived as a case–control study, and the odds ratio was quantified, expressing the strength of the association of the monitored parameters with the region. Results The average lifetime exposures to air pollution were significantly different between the two regions. Significant effects of the region were observed on IgM, IL-6, 8-isoprostane, and alpha-1-antitrypsin levels. The strongest positive association was observed between 8-isoprostane levels and benzene, PM2.5, PM10 and B(a)P. Odds ratio was 3.21 (95%CI 1.61–6.38). A significant negative association between all pollutants and IgM levels was observed even with covariate adjustment. Odds ratio was 1.80 (95%CI 1.15–2.82). A significant negative association between the alpha-1-antitrypsin levels and PM10, PM2.5, and benzene was found, independent of smoking as a covariate factor. Odds ratio was 1.77 (95%CI 1.09–2.87). In the case of IL-6, a significant effect of especially sleep as a covariate was observed. After covariates adjustment, a significant positive association between the IL-6 levels and PM10 and benzene was only observed. The odds ratio was 1.95 (95%CI 1.28–2.97). Conclusions The study confirmed that long-term exposure to air pollutants is associated with reduced levels of the protease inhibitor alpha-1-antitrypsin and decreased immune system performance by IgM. Furthermore, long-term exposure to air pollutants was associated with increased oxidative stress in humans, measured by 8-isoprostane levels. Residents who live in an industrial, environmentally polluted region showed elevated levels of IL-6.

Tematem niniejszego opracowania jest projekt dyrektywy UE w sprawie poprawy warunków pracy za pośrednictwem platform internetowych oraz jego implikacje dla polskiego prawa pracy. Autor przedstawia planowane zmiany w dziedzinie statusu osób wykonujących pracę za pośrednictwem platform internetowych, w tym domniemanie istnienia stosunku pracy oraz nowe postanowienia dotyczące warunków pracy pracowników platformowych.

Abstract Background There is conflicting evidence on impulsivity and its potential relationship with inhibitory control in schizophrenia. This study therefore aimed to identify differences in impulsivity and cognitive and motor inhibition between patients with deficit (DS) and non-deficit (NDS) schizophrenia and healthy controls (HC). We also explored the relationships between impulsivity and different dimensions of inhibitory control in all studied groups. Methods The sample comprised 28 DS patients, 45 NDS patients, and 39 age-matched HC. A neuropsychological battery was used. Results DS patients scored lower in venturesomeness, while those with NDS scored higher in impulsiveness compared to HC. In addition, both groups of patients scored higher on measures of cognitive and motor inhibition, including those relatively independent of information processing speed (although the results were slightly different after adjusting for IQ and/or years of education). Correlations between impulsivity and cognitive inhibition emerged in DS patients, while links between impulsivity and motor inhibition were observed in HC. Conclusions Our results suggest the presence of deficits in experimentally assessed inhibitory control in schizophrenia patients, with predominant impulsivity in the NDS population. In addition, impulsivity may affect the cognitive control of inhibition in deficit schizophrenia. Nevertheless, due to the preliminary nature of these findings, they require further empirical verification in future research.

Abstract This study explores the feasibility of utilizing bedded salt deposits as sites for underground hydrogen storage. We introduce an innovative artificial intelligence framework that applies multi-criteria decision-making and spatial data analysis to identify the most suitable locations for storing hydrogen in salt caverns. Our approach integrates a unified platform with eight distinct machine-learning algorithms—KNN, SVM, LightGBM, XGBoost, MLP, CatBoost, GBR, and MLR—creating rock salt deposit suitability maps for hydrogen storage. The performance of these algorithms was evaluated using various metrics, including Mean Squared Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Correlation Coefficient (R2), compared against an actual dataset. The CatBoost model demonstrated exceptional performance, achieving an R2 of 0.88, MSE of 0.0816, MAE of 0.1994, RMSE of 0.2833, and MAPE of 0.0163. The novel methodology, leveraging advanced machine learning techniques, offers a unique perspective in assessing the potential of underground hydrogen storage. This approach is a valuable asset for various stakeholders, including government bodies, geological services, renewable energy facilities, and the chemical/petrochemical industry, aiding them in identifying optimal locations for hydrogen storage.

Abstract The Johns Hopkins Learning Environment Scale (JHLES) was developed by Robert B. Shochet, Jorie M. Colbert and Scott M. Wright of the Johns hopkins university school of medicine and consists of 28 items used to evaluate perception of the academic environment. The objective was to translate and adapt the JHLES to Polish cultural conditions and to validate the Polish version of the tool. The JHLES questionnaire was completed by students of all years (first–fifth) of the faculties of dental medicine at the Medical University of Lublin and the Medical University of Gdańsk. The total surveyed population consisted of 597 students. The overall reliability of the tool was excellent. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed in order to confirm structural consistency with the original JHLES tool. Consequently, all indices had acceptable values (close to 1 or 0, depending on the case), and there was consistency in the results, which shows that the JHLES model is supported by the data. In the present study, the JHLES has been validated in a sample of dental students for the first time in Poland and Europe. Our study provided good evidence for the reliability and validity of the Polish version of the JHLES. In conclusion, the Polish-language version of the JHLES questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument for analysing the learning environment for students, and its factor structure is supported by the data.

Abstract Background A new, alternative option for patients with recurrent glioblastoma is targeted alpha therapy (TAT), in the form of a local administration of substance P (neurokinin type 1 receptor ligand, NK-1) labelled with 225Ac. The purpose of the study was to confirm the feasibility of quantitative SPECT imaging of 225Ac, in a model reproducing specific conditions of TAT. In particular, to present the SPECT calibration methodology used, as well as the results of validation measurements and their accuracy. Additionally, to discuss the specific problems related to high noise in the presented case. Materials and methods All SPECT/CT scans were conducted using the Symbia T6 equipped with HE collimators, and acquired with multiple energy windows (three main windows: 440 keV, 218 keV, and 78 keV, with three lower scatter energy windows). A Jaszczak phantom with fillable cylindrical sources of various sizes was used to investigate quantitative SPECT/CT imaging characteristics. The planar sensitivity of the camera, an imaging calibration factor, and recovery coefficients were determined. Additionally, the 3D printed model of the glioblastoma tumour was developed and imaged to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed protocol. Results Using the imaging calibration factor and recovery coefficients obtained with the Jaszczak phantom, we were able to quantify the activity in a 3D-printed model of a glioblastoma tumour with uncertainty of no more than 10% and satisfying accuracy. Conclusions It is feasible to perform quantitative 225Ac SPECT/CT imaging. However, there are still many more challenges that should be considered for further research on this topic (among others: accurate determination of ICF in the case of high background noise, better method of background estimation for recovery coefficient calculations, other methods for scatter correction than the dual-energy window scatter-compensation method used in this study).

ObjectivesThe number of relevant markers indicating local intraperitoneal inflammation in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the compatibility of peritoneal effluent (PE) for proteomic analysis and assess its potential utility in immunoprofiling studies.MethodsThis pilot study included six PD patients from the Peritoneal Dialysis Center, Department of Nephrology, Transplantology, and Internal Medicine in Szczecin, Poland. All patients were clinically stable, with no signs of infections or malignancy at the time of study. PE samples were collected during routine surveillance visits at the Peritoneal Dialysis Center. Proteomic analysis of the samples was conducted using the Olink® (Olink Proteomics AB, Uppsala, Sweden) Target 48 Cytokine panel.ResultsPE samples were successfully analyzed, with 28 out of 45 proteins found within the limit of quantitation (LOQ) and 32 out of 45 proteins detected above the limit of detection (LOD). No significant interference from the matrix was observed in the assay. Biomarkers associated with low-grade inflammation showed varied levels, and the observed patterns were comparable across all patients.ConclusionThis study suggests that utilizing a cytokine panel with relative quantification is a promising method for PE immunoprofiling.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative condition that affects memory and cognition, characterized by neuronal loss and currently lacking a cure. Mutations in PSEN1 (Presenilin 1) are among the most common causes of early-onset familial AD (fAD). While changes in neuronal excitability are believed to be early indicators of AD progression, the link between PSEN1 mutations and neuronal excitability remains to be fully elucidated. This study examined iPSC-derived neurons (iNs) from fAD patients with PSEN1 mutations S290C or A246E, alongside CRISPR-corrected isogenic cell lines, to investigate early changes in excitability. Electrophysiological profiling revealed reduced excitability in both PSEN1 mutant iNs compared to their isogenic controls. Neurons bearing S290C and A246E mutations exhibited divergent passive membrane properties compared to isogenic controls, suggesting distinct effects of PSEN1 mutations on neuronal excitability. Additionally, both PSEN1 backgrounds exhibited higher current density of voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels relative to their isogenic iNs, while displaying comparable voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channel current density. This suggests that the Nav/Kv imbalance contributes to impaired neuronal firing in fAD iNs. Deciphering these early cellular and molecular changes in AD is crucial for understanding disease pathogenesis.

IntroductionProgressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS) are tauopathic atypical parkinsonisms. Given their overlap in terms of clinical manifestation, there is growing interest in the mechanisms leading to these entities.Materials and methodsIn total, 71 patients were included in the study, 19 of whom were clinically diagnosed with CBS, 37 with PSP, and 15 with Parkinson's disease (PD). The mean ages of the participants were 72.8, 72.9, and 64.0 years, respectively, and the disease duration varied from 3 to 6 years. Each individual underwent blood collection. Morphological and biochemical evaluation of blood samples was performed to analyze the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and neutrophil-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio (NHR). A single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with technetium-99m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (99Tc-HMPAO) tracer was used to assess perfusion in two regions of interest (ROI): the thalamus and insula. Using Pearson correlation to assess the linear relationship between NHR and perfusion in the insula and thalamus for CBS, PSP, and PD patients, the authors intended to verify possible correlations between NLR, PLR, and NHR and perfusion in the indicated ROIs.ResultsThe study revealed a negative linear correlation between NHR and perfusion of both the left (Insula L; R = −0.59) and right (Insula R; R = −0.58) insula regions. Similar to the insula, a linear correlation between NHR and activity in both the left (Thalamus L) and right (Thalamus R) thalamus regions in CBS subjects with a relatively stronger correlation in the right thalamus (R = −0.64 vs. R = −0.58) was found. These observations were not confirmed in PSP and PD patients.ConclusionSimultaneously using non-specific parameters for peripheral inflammation (NLR, PLR, and NHR) and perfusion, SPECT may be an interesting beginning point for further analysis of inflammatory disease mechanisms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to address the potential correlation between the peripheral neuroinflammatory markers NLR, PLR, and NHR and perfusion disturbances in particular ROIs.

Artykuł, po szczegółowych analizach tekstów źródłowych, doprecyzowuje wnioski M. Simonettiego o roli biskupów i prezbiterów we wspólnotach wczesnochrześcijańskich I i II wieku. Po pierwsze, termin πρεσβύτερος i jego funkcja pojawia się we wspólnotach założonych przez św. Pawła za jego życia, który sam ustanawiał prezbiterów „starszych” w różnych Kościołach Azji Mniejszej więc nie miał oporu jak sugeruje Simonetti stosowania terminologii rozpowszechnionej w judaizmie. Po drugie, Simonetti przyjmuje, że w Listach Pasterskich obecny jest episkopat monarchiczny, co zakłada, że termin πρεσβύτερος tam obecny należy rozumieć jako drugi stopień hierarchii a nie „starszy”. Nie jest to do końca takie oczywiste. Niekiedy odnosi się wrażenie, że nadal zachowuje on znaczenie „starszy”. I po trzecie, przedstawiona rekonstrukcja ma sens pod warunkiem, że przez termin πρεσβύτεροι będziemy rozumieli „starszych”, a nie drugi stopień kapłaństwa. To zaś nie wybrzemiewa w jego opracowaniach jednoznacznie. Natomiast jeśli termin πρεσβύτεροι rozumiemy jako drugi stopień kapłaństwa, a sam proces przebiegał w ten sposób, że najpierw kierowały wspólnotami kolegia kapłanów, a potem zostali oni wyparci przez jednego biskupa albo spośród nich wyłonił się episkopat monarchiczny, zaś kapłani zostali zepchnięci do drugiegio rzędu i do roli współpracowników biskupa, to takiego procesu nie potwierdzają źródła I i II wieku.

Objectives Body surface area (BSA) is one of the major parameters used in several medical fields. However, there are concerns raised about its usefulness, mostly due to the ambiguity of its estimation. Material and Methods Authors have conducted a voluntary study to investigate BSA distribution and estimation in a group of 179 adult people of various sex, age, and physique. Here, there is provided an extended analysis of the majority of known BSA formulas. Furthermore, it was supplement with a comparison with the authors' propositions of enhanced formulas coefficients for known formulas models as well as with new power models based on an increased number of anthropometric data. Results Introduction of the enhanced formulas coefficients cause a reduction of at least 30.5% in mean absolute error and 21.1% in maximum error in comparison with their known counterparts. Conclusions In the context of the analysis presented it can be stated that the development of a single universal body surface area formula, based on a small number of state variables, is not possible. Therefore, it is necessary and justified to search for new estimation models that allow for quick and accurate calculation of body surface area for the entire population, regardless of individual body variations. The new formulas presented are such an alternative, which achieves better results than the previously known methods. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2024;37(2):205–19

Abstract Background Filiano and Kinney proposed a triple-risk model for the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) that involves the intersection of three risks: (1) a vulnerable infant, (2) a critical developmental period in homeostatic control, and (3) an exogenous stressor(s). The primary evidence for the role of a critical developmental period in SIDS etiology is the peak of cases around the third month of life. Independently, several studies pointed to correlation between gestational age and age at death in SIDS, but used that to assess the SIDS risk for preterm infants, ignoring further ramifications. Methods We did a detailed analysis of CDC data spanning over two decades (1983–2011). We focused not only on the correlation between two age variables (gestational and age at death), but also on the possibility of misdiagnosis. Also, we attempted to account for potential biases in the data induced by the ICD-9/ICD-190 transition or the “Back to Sleep” campaign. Results The peak of deaths in the third month of life, that was the main argument for the role of the critical development period, wasn’t unique to SIDS. However, we confirmed an almost linear and negative correlation between gestational age and the week of death due to SIDS. This pattern (slope of correlation

Abstract The study determined the influence of changes in land use and land cover (LULC) on land surface temperature (LST) over a 33-year period based on a medium-sized European city (Poznań, Poland). The LST was estimated from Landsat 5, 8 and Terra (MOD11A2v6) satellites. The local estimation of climate patterns was based on the Local Climate Zones (LCZ) classification utilised with the methodology proposed by the World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools (WUDAPT). Moreover, the Copernicus’ imperviousness density product (IMD) was used. Between 2006 and 2018 the area with IMD of 41–100% increased by 6.95 km2, 0–20% decreased by 7.03 km2. The contribution of built-up LCZs increased by 7.4% (19.21 km2) between 1988 and 2021 reaching 13% (34 km2) within open mid-rise LCZ. Due to urbanisation and reforestation, low plants LCZ shrunk by 12.7%. For every 10% increase in IMD, LST increases by up to 0.14 °C. Between 1988 and 2021 the LSTm in specific LCZs rose from 1.52 up to 2.97 °C. As per LST models LCZ change from natural to built-up led up to 1.19 °C LST rise. The increase of the LSTm was registered even when the LCZ remained unchanged.

Abstract This paper is focused on the diagnostics of multicopter UAV propulsion system, in which the temporary transient states occur during operation in faulty conditions (eg. not all motor phases working properly). As a diagnostic sensor, the piezo strip has been used, which is very sensitive to any vibrations of the multi-rotor frame. The paper concerns the precise location of the sensor for more effective monitoring of the propulsion system state. For this purpose, a nonlinear analysis of the vibration times series was carefully presented. The obtained non-linear time series were studied with the recurrence analysis in short time windows, which were sensitive to changes in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle motor speeds. The tests were carried out with different percentage of the pulse width modulation signal used for the operation of the brushless motor and for different locations of the piezosensor (side and top planes of the multicopter arm). In the article, it was shown that the side location of the piezosensor is more sensitive to changes in the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle propulsion system, which was studied with the Principal Component Analysis method applied for four main recurrence quantifications. The research presented proves the possibility of using nonlinear recurrence analysis for propulsion system diagnostics and helps to determine the optimal sensor location for more effective health monitoring of multicopter motor.

Magnesium alloys are very interesting engineering materials because of their high strength-to-density ratio. On the other hand, they are characterized by low hardness as well as low erosion resistance. Because of these reasons, their applications in the industry are very limited. The article presents the results of the high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying of the hard cermet coatings onto AZ31 magnesium alloy substrate. Three feedstock powders were used in the process with composition (wt.%): WC-12Co, WC-10Co-4Cr and WC-20Cr3C2Ni. The spray distance (SD) was selected as a variable parameter with values equal to 320 and 400 mm. Observations carried out under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed a typical HVOF-sprayed microstructure with a compact structure and low porosity (below 3 vol.%). The hardness of the manufactured coatings, ranging from 912 HV0.2 to 1328 HV0.2, what was significantly higher than the substrate. The solid particle erosion tests were carried out according to the ASTM G76-04 standard. Erosive experiments were done for 30°, 60° and 90° inclination angles of the nozzle using Al2O3 abrasive. Erosion tests confirm that cermets exhibit substantial erosion resistance better than the substrate. The highest erosion resistance was noted for WC-10Co-4Cr coatings. The erosion rate for cermet coatings was mostly below 0.9 mg/min, whereas for the AZ31 it was more than 1.5 mg/min. In the case of the average erosion value, it was between 12 and 22 times lower than for the substrate. Results analysis reveal that shorter spray distance decreases porosity, increases hardness, and finally supports erosion resistance of the cermets.

Madelung deformity consists of excessive ulnar and palmar angulation of the distal radius. It may also involve the radiocapitellar joint and the sagittal bow of the radius. Commonly, the disease becomes clinically apparent in young adolescents with wrist deformity, pain and limited range of movement. There are multiple options for operative treatment. We retrospectively assessed a 14-year-old-girl treated in our department. The patient required treatment due to exacerbating pain in both wrists. The left hand underwent resection of the distal ulna; however, persistent pain led to the decision to perform the radio-lunate arthrodesis (RL). The right hand was treated according to the Sauvé-Kapandji procedure. Three years post-surgery, the patient was called for a follow-up examination. The assessment included measuring the range of motion using a goniometer, grip strength with a dynamometer, and evaluating follow-up wrist X-rays in lateral and posteroanterior views. The patient has also been evaluated using the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaires. Three years post-operation, the patient reported the absence of rest pain and occasional pain during loading. With the Sauvé-Kapandji procedure, a greater range of palmar flexion of the wrist and improved strength was achieved. The patient scored 5.83 points on the DASH scale, 9.5 points on the left hand, and 8.5 points on the right hand on the PRWE scale. In this patient’s case, better outcomes were achieved by employing the Sauvé-Kapandji procedure. The patient’s right-handedness may have influenced the results.

Celem artykułu jest dokonanie wykładni definicji rozsądnego zysku w prawie kolejowym i autorska propozycja jego obliczania w ramach opłat za udostępnienie obiektów kolejowej infrastruktury usługowej wraz z dokonaniem szacunków na przykładzie pasażerskich stacji kolejowych. Metodyka badań obejmuje przegląd literatury i praktyk międzynarodowych, raportów, wytycznych i rekomendacji publikowanych przez urzędy regulacyjne oraz wskazanie implikacji na metodykę szacowania rozsądnego zysku jako składowej kosztu dostępu do infrastruktury usługowej. Artykuł zawiera propozycje sposobu szacowania rozsądnego zysku dla podmiotów udostępniających obiekty kolejowej infrastruktury usługowej z wykorzystaniem zaangażowanego kapitału oraz jego kosztu. Przedstawione badania wskazują na duży zakres swobody w doborze parametrów do szacowania rozsądnego zysku, szczególnie w zakresie szacowania kapitału zaangażowanego. Wskazane jest wzmocnienie roli regulatora rynku w zakresie określenia zasad szacowania rozsądnego zysku. Oszacowana jego wartość dla stacji pasażerskich kształtuje się w przedziale 0,5–6,3 mln zł rocznie, w zależności od założeń w zakresie szacowania kapitału zaangażowanego. Artykuł ma charakter przeglądowy, a jego wkładem w rozwój dyscypliny jest wskazanie propozycji definiowania i rozwiązania podstawowych problemów interpretacyjnych istniejących w zakresie zasad kształtowania rozsądnego zysku przy wyznaczaniu cen za dostęp do obiektów infrastruktury usługowej w sektorze przedsiębiorstw kolejowych.

The well-known Manning formula is usually used for the calculation of the calculative volumetric flow rate in a river or open canal. The discharge depends on the geometry of the channel, i.e. the water area, the wetted perimeter and the slope, as well as on the roughness coefficients. All these quantities are determined with some uncertainty. The article proposes a methodology for calculating the uncertainty of the roughness coefficients of the riverbed and the floodplain as well as the uncertainty of the geometric dimensions of the riverbed. Then, the method of calculating the uncertainty of the calculative discharge is then given. If these uncertainties are taken into consideration in the process of discharge calculation, then, as has been demonstrated for a hypothetical river channel, the ratio of the uncertainty to the calculated value of the discharge will change from several dozen percent in case of small flows to about ten percent in case of big, flood flows. It has also been shown that the uncertainty of the roughness coefficients has the biggest influence on the uncertainty of the flow rate. The presented calculations show that in order to take into account the influence of uncertainty of linear dimensions and roughness coefficients, the engineer designing the riverbed should assume for the calculations the flow rate increased by 10% then design flow. The obtained results can be used for homogeneous flows only, which is usually assumed in practical engineering calculations.

Abstract X-ray free-electron lasers are sources of coherent, high-intensity X-rays with numerous applications in ultra-fast measurements and dynamic structural imaging. Due to the stochastic nature of the self-amplified spontaneous emission process and the difficulty in controlling injection of electrons, output pulses exhibit significant noise and limited temporal coherence. Standard measurement techniques used for characterizing two-coloured X-ray pulses are challenging, as they are either invasive or diagnostically expensive. In this work, we employ machine learning methods such as neural networks and decision trees to predict the central photon energies of pairs of attosecond fundamental and second harmonic pulses using parameters that are easily recorded at the high-repetition rate of a single shot. Using real experimental data, we apply a detailed feature analysis on the input parameters while optimizing the training time of the machine learning methods. Our predictive models are able to make predictions of central photon energy for one of the pulses without measuring the other pulse, thereby leveraging the use of the spectrometer without having to extend its detection window. We anticipate applications in X-ray spectroscopy using XFELs, such as in time-resolved X-ray absorption and photoemission spectroscopy, where improved measurement of input spectra will lead to better experimental outcomes.

Why is integration progressing successfully in some parts of the world but not in others? Why are only some integration blocks hugely important for member countries? And why this is not the case globally? This article provides a comparative analysis of international economic structures, aiming to identify the factors that contribute to the validity and effectiveness of integration. The article examines eight economic blocks: the European Union, the Agreement between the United States of America, the United Mexican States and Canada, the Southern Common Market, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Euroasian Economic Union, the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, the African Union, and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership. We take into account five stages of integration: free trade area, customs union, single market, economic union, and monetary union. To understand the progress of integration, one must consider a number of developments and indicators. The coefficient of economic gravity, which we describe in this paper, is a convenient method to find out how important integration structures are for contracting states.

Electromagnetic processing of molten copper is provided in a special kind of electrical furnace called an induction furnace with a cold crucible (IFCC), making it possible to successfully remove impurities from the workpiece. In order to analyze the process in a sufficient way not only electromagnetic, thermal and flow but also metallurgical and mass transfer phenomena in the coupled formulation should be taken into consideration. The paper points to an analysis of the kinetic process of lead evaporation from molten copper. It was shown that mass transport in the gas phase determines the rate of the analyzed evaporation process. The possibility of removal of lead from molten copper is analyzed and described.

Abstract Developing clinically predictive model systems for evaluating gene transfer and gene editing technologies has become increasingly important in the era of personalized medicine. Liver-directed gene therapies present a unique challenge due to the complexity of the human liver. In this work, we describe the application of whole human liver explants in an ex situ normothermic perfusion system to evaluate a set of fourteen natural and bioengineered adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors directly in human liver, in the presence and absence of neutralizing human sera. Under non-neutralizing conditions, the recently developed AAV variants, AAV-SYD12 and AAV-LK03, emerged as the most functional variants in terms of cellular uptake and transgene expression. However, when assessed in the presence of human plasma containing anti-AAV neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), vectors of human origin, specifically those derived from AAV2/AAV3b, were extensively neutralized, whereas AAV8- derived variants performed efficiently. This study demonstrates the potential of using normothermic liver perfusion as a model for early-stage testing of liver-focused gene therapies. The results offer preliminary insights that could help inform the development of more effective translational strategies.

Background To evaluate incidence and search for possible predictors of brain fog and quality of life at work (QoL-W) among low-to-moderate risk subjects previously hospitalized due to COVID-19. Material and Methods Participants aged ≥18 retrospectively reported 8 brain fog symptoms pre-COVID-19, at 0–4, 4–12 and >12 weeks post-infection via validated clinical questionnaire. The QoL-W was assessed with a 4-point Likert scale where 0, 1, 2, and 3 meant no, mild, moderate, and severe impairment in performing activities at work, respectively. Data on age, sex, comorbidities, and laboratory results (including first in-hospital high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I [hs-cTnI] measurement) were gathered. Results The study included 181 hospitalized subjects (age Me = 57 years), 37.02% women. Most had low disease severity ( Modified Early Warning Score = 1, 77.90%) and low comorbidity (Charlson Comorbidity Index 0: 28.72%, 1–2: 34.09%), with no intensive care unit treatment needed. COVID-19 led to almost 3-fold increased brain fog symptoms, with incidence of 58.56%, 53.59%, and 49.17% within 4, 4–12, and >12 weeks, respectively (p 11.90 ng/l predicted brain fog symptoms in multivariable model. COVID-19 was associated with 3.6‑fold, 3.0‑fold, and 2.4-fold QoL-W deterioration within 4, 4–12, and >12 weeks post-infection (p 12 weeks were younger, mostly women, had more brain fog symptoms, and higher platelet counts. Multivariable models with self-reported brain fog symptoms (responding coherently and recalling recent information), age, and sex exhibited good discriminatory power for QoL-W impairment (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.846, 95% CI: 0.780–0.912). Conclusions This study highlighted that in non-high-risk subjects hospitalized during the first 2 pandemic’s waves: 1) brain fog was common, affecting nearly half of individuals, and impacting QoL-W >12 weeks after initial infection, 2) after 3 months of COVID-19 onset, the decline in QoL-W was primarily attributed to brain fog symptoms rather than demographic factors, health conditions, admission status, and laboratory findings, 3) components of brain fog, such as answering in an understandable way or recalling new information increased the likelihood of significantly lower QoL-W up to tenfold, 4) biochemical indicators, such as the first hs-cTnI level, might predict the risk of experiencing brain fog symptoms and indirectly decreased QoL-W >12 weeks after COVID-19 onset. Occupational medicine practitioners should pay particular attention to younger and female subjects after COVID-19 complaining of problems with answering questions in understandable way or recalling new information as they have an increased risk of QoL-W impairment. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2024;75(1):3–17

The aim of the research was to find a zirconia treatment method that would reduce or minimize the transformation from the tetragonal phase to the monoclinic phase. Background: Yttria-stabilized zirconia is increasingly chosen for the base of permanent prosthetic restorations. To achieve a good bond between the prosthetic cup and the veneer material, the material must be treated to achieve surface development. This is a mechanical process, during which an unfavorable transformation from the tetragonal into the monoclinic phase takes place, which leads to the weakening of the internal structure of zirconium dioxide, and later damages the prosthetic restoration. Methods: The tested material consisted of cylindrical samples of 3Y-TZP CeramillZi zirconium oxide, which were sintered after cutting out from the block. After sintering, the samples were subjected to the following types of processing: laser structuring, chemical etching and plasma etching. After the surface treatments, the samples were subjected to diffraction tests to determine the phase composition. Next, the wettability was tested to determine the surface free energy. Results: On the basis of the conducted tests, it was noticed that the applied treatments caused a phase transformation from the tetragonal to the monoclinic phase. After the process of chemical etching, the range of the monoclinic phase for the sample was 5%; after plasma etching, it was 8%, and after laser structuring, it was 2%. In addition, post-surface free energy studies have shown that zirconia is wetted better with an apolar than a polar liquid. Conclusions: The obtained results indicate that the transformation was minimized with the treatments we applied; that is why they are called non-invasive methods. According to the literature data, depending on the parameters of the sandblasting process, the percentage of the monoclinic phase in the treated surfaces ranges from 22% to 52%, which confirms the above-mentioned conclusion.

Abstract While CD4+ T cells are a prerequisite for CD8+ T cell-mediated protection against intracellular hepatotropic pathogens, the mechanisms facilitating the transfer of CD4-help to intrahepatic CD8+ T cells are unknown. Here, we developed an experimental system to investigate cognate CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses to a model-antigen expressed de novo in hepatocytes and reveal that after initial priming, effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells migrate into portal tracts and peri-central vein regions of the liver where they cluster with type-1 conventional dendritic cells. These dendritic cells are locally licensed by CD4+ T cells and expand the number of CD8+ T cells in situ, resulting in larger effector and memory CD8+ T cell pools. These findings reveal that CD4+ T cells promote intrahepatic immunity by amplifying the CD8+ T cell response via peripheral licensing of hepatic type-1 conventional dendritic cells and identify intrahepatic perivascular compartments specialized in facilitating effector T cell-dendritic cell interactions.

Abstract Understanding the mechanisms that drive TDP-43 pathology is integral to combating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Here we generated a longitudinal quantitative proteomic map of the cortex from the cytoplasmic TDP-43 rNLS8 mouse model of ALS and FTLD, and developed a complementary open-access webtool, TDP-map ( https://shiny.rcc.uq.edu.au/TDP-map/ ). We identified distinct protein subsets enriched for diverse biological pathways with temporal alterations in protein abundance, including increases in protein folding factors prior to disease onset. This included increased levels of DnaJ homolog subfamily B member 5, DNAJB5, which also co-localized with TDP-43 pathology in diseased human motor cortex. DNAJB5 over-expression decreased TDP-43 aggregation in cell and cortical neuron cultures, and knockout of Dnajb5 exacerbated motor impairments caused by AAV-mediated cytoplasmic TDP-43 expression in mice. Together, these findings reveal molecular mechanisms at distinct stages of ALS and FTLD progression and suggest that protein folding factors could be protective in neurodegenerative diseases.

Insulin resistance, also known as impaired insulin sensitivity, is the result of a decreased reaction of insulin signaling to blood glucose levels. This state is observed when muscle cells, adipose tissue, and liver cells, improperly respond to a particular concentration of insulin. Insulin resistance and related increased plasma insulin levels (hyperinsulinemia) may cause metabolic impairments, which are pathological states observed in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Observations of cancer patients confirm that hyperinsulinemia is a major factor influencing obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. Obesity and diabetes have been reported as risks of the initiation, progression, and metastasis of several cancers. However, both of the aforementioned pathologies may independently and additionally increase the cancer risk. The state of metabolic disorders observed in cancer patients is associated with poor outcomes of cancer treatment. For example, patients suffering from metabolic disorders have higher cancer recurrence rates and their overall survival is reduced. In these associations between insulin resistance and cancer risk, an overview of the various pathogenic mechanisms that play a role in the development of cancer is discussed.

Gene therapies using recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have demonstrated considerable clinical success in the treatment of genetic disorders. Improved vectors with favorable tropism profiles, decreased immunogenicity, and enhanced manufacturability are poised to further improve the state of gene therapies. Such vectors can be identified through directed evolution, a process of subjecting a diverse capsid library to a selection pressure to identify individual variants with a desired trait. Currently, libraries that involve changes distributed throughout the AAV capsid coding region, such as DNA family shuffled libraries, are largely characterized using low-throughput Sanger sequencing of individual clones. However, improvements in long-read sequencing technologies have increased their applicability to capsid libraries and evaluation of the selection process. Here, we explore the application of Oxford Nanopore Technologies refined by a concatemeric consensus method for initial library characterization and monitoring selection of a shuffled AAV capsid library. Furthermore, we present AAVolve, a bioinformatic pipeline for processing long-read data from AAV-directed evolution experiments. Our approach allows high-throughput characterization of AAV capsids in a streamlined manner, facilitating deeper insights into library composition through multiple rounds of selection, and generalization through training of machine learning models.

Directed evolution of viral vectors involves the generation of randomized libraries followed by artificial selection of improved variants. Directed evolution only yielded limited results in adenovirus (AdV) engineering until now, mainly due to insufficient complexities of randomized libraries. Meanwhile, clinical applications of AdVs as gene therapy or oncolytic vectors are still hampered by the predetermined tropism of natural types. To overcome this challenge, we hypothesized that randomized peptide insertions on the capsid surface can be incorporated into the AdV bioengineering toolbox for retargeting. Here we developed AdV-directed EVOlution protocols based on fiber knob peptide display. Human AdV-C5-derived libraries were constructed following three distinct protocols and selected on a panel of cancer cell lines, with the goal of identifying variants able to infect and lyse these tumor cells more efficiently. All protocols enabled the construction of high complexity libraries with up to 9.6 × 105 unique variants, an approximate 100-fold improvement compared with previously published AdV libraries. After selection, the most enriched variants, which were robustly selected in various cancer cell lines, did not display enhanced infectivity but rather more efficient replication and cell lysis. Selected inserts also conferred enhanced lysis ability to oncolytic AdVs restricted to telomerase-expressing cell lines.

Objective: CD73 (ecto-5′-nucleotidase, NT5E), a cell-surface enzyme converting 5′-AMP to adenosine, is crucial for cancer progression. However, its role in the tumorigenesis process remains mostly obscure. We aimed to demonstrate CD73's role in breast cancer (BC) tumorigenesis through metabolic rewiring of fatty acid metabolism, a process recently indicated to be regulated by BC major prognostic markers, hormone receptors (HR) for estrogen (ER), and progesterone (PR). Methods: A murine model of chemically induced mammary gland tumorigenesis was applied to analyze CD73 knock-out (KO)-induced changes at the transcriptome (RNA-seq), proteome (IHC, WB), and lipidome (GC-EI-MS) levels. CD73 KO-induced changes were correlated with scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq data for human breast tissues and BCs from public collections and confirmed at the proteome level with IHC or WB analysis of BC tissue microarrays and cell lines. Results: CD73 KO delayed the onset of HR/PR-negative mammary tumors in a murine model. This delay correlated with increased expression of genes related to biosynthesis and β-oxidation of fatty acids (FAs) in the CD73 KO group at the initiation stage. STRING analysis based on RNA-seq data indicated an interplay between CD73 KO, up-regulated expression of PR-coding gene, and DEGs involved in FA metabolism, with PPARγ, a main regulator of FA synthesis, as a main connective node. In epithelial cells of mammary glands, PPARγ expression correlated with CD73 at the RNA level. With cancer progression, CD73 KO increased the levels of PUFAn3/6 (polyunsaturated omega 3/6 FAs), known ligands of PPARγ and target for lipid peroxidation, which may lead to oxidative DNA damage. It correlated with the downregulation of genes involved in cellular stress response (Mlh1, Gsta3), PR–or CD73-dependent changes in the intracellular ROS levels and expression or activation of proteins involved in DNA repair or oxidative stress response in mammary tumor or human BC cell lines, increased tumor mutational burden (TMB) and genomic instability markers in CD73 low HR-negative human BCs, and the prolonged onset of tumors in the CD73 KO HR/PR-negative group. Conclusions: CD73 has a significant role in tumorigenesis driving the reprogramming of lipid metabolism through the regulatory loop with PR and PPARγ in epithelial cells of mammary glands. Low CD73 expression/CD73 KO might enhance mutational burden by disrupting this regulatory loop, delaying the onset of HR-negative tumors. Our results support combining therapy targeting the CD73-adenosine axis and tumor lipidome against HR-negative tumors, especially at their earliest developmental stage.

IntroductionDay Medical Care Home is a care and treatment institution providing day care services for people with disabilities (mainly older adults), implemented in Poland since 2015. This study aimed to analyze the impact of the new model of day care on the mental health status and cognitive functions of older adults with disabilities treated in Day Medical Care Homes in Poland, 2017-2023.MethodsAdmission and discharge reports of 949 patients treated in Day Medical Care Homes between 2017 and 2023 were analyzed. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) were used to assess mental health. Cognitive functions were assessed using Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE).ResultsThe mean age was 74.3 ± 8.5 years, 76.6% were women. and 62.6% lived in rural areas. The percentage of patients with moderate or severe depression measured with a GDS-15 score decreased from 58.3% on admission to 34.6% on discharge (p

The results obtained for new dual-cladding optical fiber tapers surrounded by liquid crystal (LC) doped with Fe3O4 nanoparticles in a specially developed glass cell are presented. The created structures are sensitive to changes in refractive index values in the surrounding medium caused by modifying external environment parameters. In this investigation, cells are filled with nematic LCs 6CHBT and with the same mixture doped with 0.1 wt% and 0.5 wt% of magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs). The taper is made on a standard single-mode telecommunication fiber, stretched out to a length of 20.0 ± 0.5 mm, and the diameter of the tapers is approximately 15.0 ± 0.3 μm, with a loss lower than 0.5 dB @ 1,550 nm. Measurements are carried out in a wide range covering the visible and infrared ranges in two setups: 1) without a magnetic field, with steering only by voltage and 2) with an applied magnetic field. The presented spectrum results are divided into two ranges according to the parameters of optical spectrum analyzers: 350–1,200 nm and 1,200–2,400 nm. For all investigations, a steering voltage is chosen from the range of 0 to 200 V, which allows for establishing the influence of dopants on transmitted power and time response at different arrangements. Due to the sensitivity of LCs to temperature changes, this paper focuses on measuring at room temperature the effect of the magnetic field on propagation in a fiber optic taper. The proposed solution demonstrates the technology for creating advanced components as a combination of fiber optic technology, LCs, and nanoparticles. The presented results show the possibility of creating new sensors of various external factors such as magnetic or electric fields in miniaturized dimensions.