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Combining Chandra, Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, EVLA, and Hubble Space Telescope archival data and newly acquired data from the Apache Point Observatory/Dual Imaging Spectrograph, we detect a double-lobed 17 kpc X-ray emission with plumes oriented approximately perpendicular and parallel to the galactic plane of the massive lenticular galaxy NGC 5084 at 0.3–2.0 keV. We detect a highly inclined ( $i={71.2}_{-1.7}^{+1.8\circ }$ ), molecular circumnuclear disk ( $D={304}_{-11}^{+10}$ pc) in the core of the galaxy rotating ( V ${}_{\mathrm{rot}}^{(2-1)\ \mathrm{CO}}={242.7}_{-6.4}^{+9.6}$ km s ^−1 ) in a direction perpendicular to that of the galactic disk, implying a total mass of ${\mathrm{log}}_{10}\left(\tfrac{{M}_{\mathrm{BH}}}{{M}_{\odot }}\right)={7.66}_{-0.15}^{+0.21}$ for NGC 5084's supermassive black hole. Archival EVLA radio observations at 6 and 20 cm reveal two symmetric radio lobes aligned with the galactic plane, extending to a distance of $\overline{R}=4.6\pm 0.6\,\mathrm{kpc}$ from the core, oriented with the polar axis of the circumnuclear disk. The spectral energy distribution lacks strong emission lines in the optical range. Three formation scenarios are considered to explain these multiwavelength archival observations: (1) active galactic nuclei (AGN) reorientation caused by accretion of surrounding material, (2) AGN-driven hot gas outflow directed along the galactic minor axis, or (3) a starburst/supernovae driven outflow at the core of the galaxy. This discovery is enabled by new imaging analysis tools including the Selective Amplification of Ultra Noisy Astronomical Signal, demonstrating the abundance of information still to be exploited in the vast and growing astronomical archives.

Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) has lifelong consequences on brain development and cognitive function. We studied the lifelong developmental trajectories of resting-state EEG source activity in 66 individuals with histories of Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) limited to the first year of life and in 83 matched classmate controls (CON) who are all participants of the 49 years longitudinal Barbados Nutrition Study (BNS). qEEGt source z-spectra measured deviation from normative values of EEG rhythmic activity sources at 5–11 years of age and 40 years later at 45–51 years of age. The PEM group showed qEEGt abnormalities in childhood, including a developmental delay in alpha rhythm maturation and an insufficient decrease in beta activity. These profiles may be correlated with accelerated cognitive decline.

We present the analysis of the magnetic field ( B -field) structure of galaxies measured with far-infrared (FIR) and radio (3 and 6 cm) polarimetric observations. We use the first data release of the Survey of extragALactic magnetiSm with SOFIA of 14 nearby ( $\lt 20$ Mpc) galaxies with resolved ( $5^{\prime\prime} \mbox{--}18^{\prime\prime} ;$ 90 pc–1 kpc) imaging polarimetric observations using SOFIA/HAWC+ from 53 to 214 μ m. We compute the magnetic pitch-angle ( ${{\rm{\Psi }}}_{B}$ ) profiles as a function of the galactocentric radius. We introduce a new magnetic alignment parameter ( ζ ) to estimate the disordered-to-ordered ratio of spiral B -fields. We find FIR and radio wavelengths to not generally trace the same B -field morphology in galaxies. The ${{\rm{\Psi }}}_{B}$ profiles tend to be more ordered across all galactocentric radii in radio ( ${\zeta }_{6\mathrm{cm}}\,=\,0.93\pm 0.03$ ) than in FIR ( ${\zeta }_{154\mu {\rm{m}}}=0.84\pm 0.14$ ). For spiral galaxies, FIR B -fields are 2%–75% more turbulent than the radio B -fields. For starburst galaxies, we find that FIR polarization is a better tracer of the B -fields along the galactic outflows than radio polarization. Our results suggest that the B -fields associated with dense, dusty, turbulent star-forming regions (those traced at FIR) are less ordered than warmer, less dense regions (those traced at radio) of the interstellar medium. The FIR B -fields seem to be more sensitive to the activity of the star-forming regions and molecular clouds within a vertical height of a few hundred parsecs in the disk of spiral galaxies than the radio B -fields.

Abstract Cyanobacterial mats are laminated microbial ecosystems which occur in highly diverse environments and which may provide a possible model for early life on Earth. Their ability to produce hydrogen also makes them of interest from a biotechnological and bioenergy perspective. Samples of an intertidal microbial mat from the Elkhorn Slough estuary in Monterey Bay, California, were transplanted to a greenhouse at NASA Ames Research Center to study a 24-h diel cycle, in the presence or absence of molybdate (which inhibits biohydrogen consumption by sulfate reducers). Here, we present metagenomic analyses of four samples that will be used as references for future metatranscriptomic analyses of this diel time series.

Hypersaline photosynthetic microbial mats are stratified microbial communities known for their taxonomic and metabolic diversity and strong light-driven day-night environmental gradients. In this study of the upper photosynthetic zone of hypersaline microbial mats of Elkhorn Slough, California (USA), we show how metagenome sequencing can be used to meaningfully assess microbial ecology and genetic partitioning in these complex microbial systems. Mapping of metagenome reads to the dominant Cyanobacteria observed in the system, Coleofasciculus (Microcoleus) chthonoplastes, was used to examine strain variants within these metagenomes. Highly conserved gene subsystems indicated a core genome for the species, and a number of variant genes and subsystems suggested strain level differentiation, especially for nutrient utilization and stress response. Metagenome sequence coverage binning was used to assess ecosystem partitioning of remaining microbes to both reconstruct the model organisms in silico and identify their ecosystem functions as well as to identify novel clades and propose their role in the biogeochemical cycling of mats. Functional gene annotation of these bins (primarily of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria) recapitulated the known biogeochemical functions in microbial mats using a genetic basis, and revealed significant diversity in the Bacteroidetes, presumably in heterotrophic cycling. This analysis also revealed evidence of putative phototrophs within the Gemmatimonadetes and Gammaproteobacteria residing in microbial mats. This study shows that metagenomic analysis can produce insights into the systems biology of microbial ecosystems from a genetic perspective and to suggest further studies of novel microbes.

Increased hepatic iron content may be observed in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection, and may contribute to disease severity. The presence of hemochromatosis gene mutations is associated with increased hepatic iron accumulation and may lead to accelerated disease progression. Hepatic iron depletion has been postulated to decrease the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis due to chronic hepatitis C. It is possible that iron depletion stabilizes or improves liver histology and slows disease progression in these individuals. The present article reviews the prevalence and risk factors for hepatic iron overload in chronic hepatitis C, with emphasis on the available data regarding the efficacy of iron depletion in the treatment of this common liver disease.

The history and development of!NTUS (thelnstitutefor Language Teaching ofthe.University of Stellenbosch) is sketched in broad terms. Certain definitions of the role and function of a university are given and the differences between a language teaching institute and language departments of a university are outlined. It is maintained that research, particularly applied research and development, is the main task of the institute. However, much of this research must be done outside the parent institution, and often with private funding, and therefore a close working relationship has to be established with the private sector. Research findings have to be made available and future researchers have to be trained. A comprehensive list of publications put out by INTUS forms the final part of the article. Die geskiedenis en ontwikkeling van!NTUS (lnstituut vir Taalonderrig van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch) word in bree trekke geskets. Sekere definisies van die rol enfunksies van 'n universiteit word gegee en die ver ski/le tussen 'n taalonderriginstituut en taaldepartemente aan 'n universiteit word in hooftrekke beskryf. Daar word aangevoer dat navorsing, vera/ toegepaste navorsing, en ontwikkeling die hooftake van hierdie instituut is. Baie van hierdie navorsing moet egter buite die moederinstansie gedoen word en dikwels met privaatfondse. Daarom moet daar 'n hegte werkverhouding met die privaatsektor opgebou word. Navorsingresultate moet beskikbaar gestel en toekomstige navorsers opgelei word.' n Omvattende lys van!NTUS-publikasies maak die finale deel van die artikel uit.

Luca Gasperini's tribute to Bozzano is very welcome in "Ernesto Bozzano: An Italian Spiritualist and Psychical Researcher" in JSE 25:4 (Gasperini 2011). Bozzano's friendship with Conan Doyle would merit further exploration. As Gasperini notes, Conan Doyle resigned his membership in the Society for Psychical Research in 1930, though he was an ordinary dues-paying member and not an honorary member. He did not take with him 77 other members. The passage cited from Mauskopf and McVaugh (1980) does indeed say that six members and one associate resigned in support of Doyle, and that 77 others resigned in the year, but there is no reason to reject the statement made by the Society for Psychical Research in their annual report: "A great majority of those who gave any reason for their resignation mention financial stringency, long illness, residence abroad, etc." (Annual Report . . . 1931). Recent research, cited by Gasperini, has shown that the Millesimo phenomena which Sir Arthur defended in 1930 were even more doubtful than was suggested at the time (Biondi 2009). Doyle went on to resign angrily as president of a leading Spiritualist body (London Spiritualist Alliance) shortly before his death in July 1930 (Gaunt & Price 2006).

About 1875, Modern Spiritualism in Britain attained a peak of cultural influence. In January 1874 William Crookes published “Notes of an Enquiry into the Phenomena called Spiritual during the Years 1870–1873” in his Quarterly Journal of Science, reaching positive conclusions and postulating the existence of a psychic force. Another scientist was also reporting on his investigations. Alfred Russel Wallace, co-discoverer of evolution with Darwin, contributed “A Defence of Modern Spiritualism” to The Fortnightly Review in May 1874. James Burns, a Spiritualist editor, publisher, and bookseller, gathered together Crookes’s writings on Spiritualism, to form a volume Research into the Phenomena of Spiritualism (1874) which was to be very influential. In March 1875, Burns enjoyed another coup when he issued On Miracles and Modern Spiritualism. Three Essays by Alfred Russel Wallace (OMMS). Although this was a much more comprehensive work than Crookes’, it has had less impact, perhaps because it did not include the kind of laboratory experiments which Crookes reported with the medium D. D. Home. Nevertheless, OMMS was often reprinted, and has merits which still commend it to us today, which outweigh its disjointed origin. Wallace wrote clearly, and had a command of the literature, a background in science, and personal experience of the phenomena.

Introduction Increasing the physical activity levels of older adults through diffusion of successful research-based programs into community settings is challenging because of differences between research and real-world settings. This project diffused the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) II, an individual-level research-based physical activity promotion program, through three community organizations to reach lower-income and minority (primarily Hispanic or Latino and African American) seniors. Methods Through an academic–community partnership, university staff worked with each organization to adapt the program to be appealing and effective, enable their staff and volunteers to provide the program, increase participants’ physical activity, and leave sustainable programs in place. Evaluation was based on methods recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results The adapted programs, referred to as CHAMPS III, differed from the original program and among organizations. Group-based components and resource guides were included and new features were added; however, individualized components were not offered because of limited resources. A total of 321 people enrolled among three organizations; there was a trend toward increased physical activity at two organizations (an estimated increase of 481 kcal/week [P = .08] and 437 kcal/week [P = .06] expended in physical activity). Evaluation revealed challenges and unexpected community-level benefits. All organizations are continuing efforts to promote physical activity for older adults. Conclusion This project enabled community organizations to implement physical activity promotion programs. The overarching challenge was to retain original program features within each organization’s resources yet be sustainable. Although the programs differed from the original research program, they were a catalyst for numerous community-level changes. Our findings can guide similar projects to reach underserved older adults.

Introduction: The Universal Termination of Resuscitation (TOR) Guideline accurately identifies potential out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors. However, implementation is inconsistent with some Emergency Medical Service (EMS) agencies using absence of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) as sole criterion for termination., Objective: To compare the performance of the Universal TOR Guideline with the single criterion of no prehospital ROSC. Second, to determine factors associated with survival for patients transported without a ROSC. Lastly, to compare the impact of time to ROSC as a marker of futility to the Universal TOR Guideline., Design: Retrospective, observational cohort study., Participants: Non-traumatic, adult (≥18 years) OHCA patients of presumed cardiac etiology treated by EMS providers., Setting: ROC-PRIMED and ROC-Epistry post ROC-PRIMED databases between 2007 and 2011., Outcomes: Primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge and the secondary outcome was functional survival. We used multivariable regression to evaluate factors associated with survival in patients transported without a ROSC., Results: 36,543 treated OHCAs occurred of which 9467 (26%) were transported to hospital without a ROSC. Patients transported without a ROSC who met the Universal TOR Guideline for transport had a survival of 3.0% (95% CI 2.5-3.4%) compared to 0.7% (95% CI 0.4-0.9%) in patients who met the Universal TOR Guideline for termination. The Universal TOR Guideline identified 99% of survivors requiring continued resuscitation and transportation to hospital including early identification of survivors who sustained a ROSC after extended durations of CPR., Conclusion: Using absence of ROSC as a sole predictor of futility misses potential survivors. The Universal TOR Guideline remains a strong predictor of survival., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the writing and content of the paper., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)