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3. The Many Hosts of Mycobacteria 9 (MHM9): A conference report

Author

Klever, Abigail Marie, Alexander, Kathleen A., Almeida, Deepak, Anderson, Matthew Z., Ball, Ray L., Beamer, Gillian, Boggiatto, Paola, Buikstra, Jane E., Chandler, Bruce, Claeys, Tiffany A., Concha, Aislinn E., Converse, Paul J., Derbyshire, Keith M., Dobos, Karen M., Dupnik, Kathryn M., Endsley, Janice J., Endsley, Mark A., Fennelly, Kevin, Franco-Paredes, Carlos, Hagge, Deanna A., Hall-Stoodley, Luanne, Hayes, Don, Jr., Hirschfeld, Katherine, Hofman, Courtney A., Honda, Jennifer R., Hull, Natalie M., Kramnik, Igor, Lacourciere, Karen, Lahiri, Ramanuj, Lamont, Elise A., Larsen, Michelle H., Lemaire, Timothy, Lesellier, Sandrine, Lee, Naomi R., Lowry, Christopher A., Mahfooz, Najmus S., McMichael, Temet M., Merling, Marlena R., Miller, Michele A., Nagajyothi, Jyothi F., Nelson, Elizabeth, Nuermberger, Eric L., Pena, Maria T., Perea, Claudia, Podell, Brendan K., Pyle, Charlie J., Quinn, Fred D., Rajaram, Murugesan V.S., Mejia, Oscar Rosas, Rothoff, Michelle, Sago, Saydie A., Salvador, Liliana C.M., Simonson, Andrew W., Spencer, John S., Sreevatsan, Srinand, Subbian, Selvakumar, Sunstrum, James, Tobin, David M., Vijayan, K.K.Vidya, Wright, Caelan T.O., and Robinson, Richard T.

Published
2023
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5. Morphological and Functional Divergence of the Lower Jaw Between Native and Invasive Red Foxes

Author

Brassard, Colline, Forbes-Harper, Jesse L., Crawford, Heather M., Stuart, John-Michael, Warburton, Natalie M., Calver, Michael C., Adams, Peter, Monchâtre-Leroy, Elodie, Barrat, Jacques, Lesellier, Sandrine, Guintard, Claude, Garès, Hélène, Larralle, Arnaud, Triquet, Raymond, Merlin, Marilaine, Cornette, Raphaël, Herrel, Anthony, and Fleming, Patricia A.

Published
2022
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7. Massive transient damage of the olfactory epithelium associated with infection of sustentacular cells by SARS-CoV-2 in golden Syrian hamsters

Author

Bryche, Bertrand, St Albin, Audrey, Murri, Severine, Lacôte, Sandra, Pulido, Coralie, Ar Gouilh, Meriadeg, Lesellier, Sandrine, Servat, Alexandre, Wasniewski, Marine, Picard-Meyer, Evelyne, Monchatre-Leroy, Elodie, Volmer, Romain, Rampin, Olivier, Le Goffic, Ronan, Marianneau, Philippe, and Meunier, Nicolas

Published
2020
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11. Efficacy of heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis vaccine delivered to European badgers (Meles meles) through edible bait

Author

Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Principado de Asturias, Junta de Castilla y León, Diputación Foral de Navarra, Balseiro Morales, Ana María [0000-0002-5121-7264], Juste, Ramón A, Blanco-Vázquez, Cristina, Barral, Marta, Prieto, José Miguel, Varela-Castro, Lucía, Lesellier, Sandrine, Dave, Dipesh, Sevilla, Iker A, Martín Ezquerra, Ana Belén, Adriaensen, Hans, Herrero-García, Gloria, Garrido, Joseba M, Casais, Rosa, Balseiro, Ana, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Principado de Asturias, Junta de Castilla y León, Diputación Foral de Navarra, Balseiro Morales, Ana María [0000-0002-5121-7264], Juste, Ramón A, Blanco-Vázquez, Cristina, Barral, Marta, Prieto, José Miguel, Varela-Castro, Lucía, Lesellier, Sandrine, Dave, Dipesh, Sevilla, Iker A, Martín Ezquerra, Ana Belén, Adriaensen, Hans, Herrero-García, Gloria, Garrido, Joseba M, Casais, Rosa, and Balseiro, Ana

Abstract

Badgers (Meles meles) are a major tuberculosis (TB) reservoir in Europe, with the potential to transmit infection to cattle. Here we assessed whether a recently described oral tuberculosis vaccine based on heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis (HIMB), delivered as edible baits, can protect badgers from infection. Eight badgers were given individually five baits, each one consisting of a ball of peanut butter, natural peanut and oat flakes including a dose of the vaccine containing 5 × 107 colony-forming units. In parallel, a control group of seven badgers did not receive the vaccine. One month and a half later a second dose of the vaccine was offered to the vaccinated group. Ninety-four days after the second dose, all badgers were challenged with M. bovis (103 colony-forming units per animal) delivered endobronchially to the right middle lung lobe. Clinical, immunological, pathological and bacteriological variables were measured throughout the whole study to assess the efficacy of the vaccine. Two vaccinated animals showed high bacterial load of M. bovis and worsening of pathological lesions of TB. Conversely, the other six vaccinated animals showed slight improvement in bacterial load and pathology with respect to the control group. These results suggest that delivering the TB vaccine via food bait can partially protect wild badger populations, although vaccination can lead to either protection or tolerization, likely depending on the animal's immune status and general condition at the time of vaccination. Further optimization of the vaccination trial/strategy is needed to reduce the rate of tolerization, such as altering vaccine dose, number of doses, type of bait, use of adjuvants or route of administration.

Published
2023

15. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination reduces the severity and progression of tuberculosis in badgers

Author

Chambers, Mark A., Rogers, Fiona, Delahay, Richard J., Lesellier, Sandrine, Ashford, Roland, Dalley, Deanna, Gowtage, Sonya, Davé, Dipesh, Palmer, Si, Brewer, Jacky, Crawshaw, Timothy, Clifton-Hadley, Richard, Carter, Steve, Cheeseman, Chris, Hanks, Chris, Murray, Alistair, Palphramand, Kate, Pietravalle, Stéphane, Smith, Graham C., Tomlinson, Alexandra, Walker, Neil J., Wilson, Gavin J., Corner, Leigh A. L., Rushton, Stephen P., Shirley, Mark D. F., Gettinby, George, McDonald, Robbie A., and Hewinson, R. Glyn

Published
2011

20. Experimental Infection of Captive Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) with Mycobacterium bovis

Author

Richomme, Céline, primary, Lesellier, Sandrine, additional, Salguero, Francisco Javier, additional, Barrat, Jacques Laurent, additional, Boucher, Jean-Marc, additional, Reyes-Reyes, Jennifer Danaidae, additional, Hénault, Sylvie, additional, De Cruz, Krystel De, additional, Tambosco, Jennifer, additional, Michelet, Lorraine, additional, Boutet, Justine, additional, Elahi, Rubyat, additional, Lyashchenko, Konstantin P., additional, O’Halloran, Conor, additional, Balseiro, Ana, additional, and Boschiroli, Maria Laura, additional

Published
2022
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25. Intranasal type I interferon treatment is beneficial only when administered before clinical signs onset in the SARS-CoV-2 hamster model

Author

Bessière, Pierre, primary, Wasniewski, Marine, additional, Picard-Meyer, Evelyne, additional, Servat, Alexandre, additional, Figueroa, Thomas, additional, Foret-Lucas, Charlotte, additional, Coggon, Amelia, additional, Lesellier, Sandrine, additional, Boué, Frank, additional, Cebron, Nathan, additional, Gausserès, Blandine, additional, Trumel, Catherine, additional, Foucras, Gilles, additional, Salguero, Francisco J., additional, Monchatre-Leroy, Elodie, additional, and Volmer, Romain, additional

Published
2021
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28. Hamster and ferret experimental infection with intranasal low dose of a single strain of SARS-CoV-2

Author

Monchatre-Leroy, Elodie, primary, Lesellier, Sandrine, additional, Wasniewski, Marine, additional, Picard-Meyer, Evelyne, additional, Richomme, Céline, additional, Boué, Franck, additional, Lacôte, Sandra, additional, Murri, Séverine, additional, Pulido, Coralie, additional, Vulin, Johann, additional, Salguero, Francisco J., additional, Gouilh, Meriadeg Ar, additional, Servat, Alexandre, additional, and Marianneau, Philippe, additional

Published
2021
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29. Simulating Partial Vaccine Protection: Bcg in Badgers

Author

smith, graham, primary, Barber, Ann, additional, Breslin, Philip, additional, Birch, Colin, additional, Chambers, Mark, additional, Dave, Dipesh, additional, Hogarth, Phil, additional, Gormley, Eamonn, additional, Lesellier, Sandrine, additional, Balseiro, Ana, additional, and Budgey, Richard, additional

Published
2021
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30. Hamster and ferret experimental infection with intranasal low dose of a single strain of SARS-CoV-2

Author

Monchatre-Leroy, Elodie, primary, Lesellier, Sandrine, additional, Wasniewski, Marine, additional, Picard-Meyer, Evelyne, additional, Richomme, Céline, additional, Boué, Franck, additional, Lacôte, Sandra, additional, Murri, Séverine, additional, Pulido, Coralie, additional, Vulin, Johann, additional, Salguero, Francisco J, additional, Gouilh, Meriadeg Ar, additional, Servat, Alexandre, additional, and Marianneau, Philippe, additional

Published
2020
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31. Bioreactor-Grown Bacillus of Calmette and Guérin (BCG) Vaccine Protects Badgers against Virulent Mycobacterium bovis When Administered Orally: Identifying Limitations in Baited Vaccine Delivery

Author

Lesellier, Sandrine, primary, Birch, Colin P. D., additional, Davé, Dipesh, additional, Dalley, Deanna, additional, Gowtage, Sonya, additional, Palmer, Simonette, additional, McKenna, Claire, additional, Williams, Gareth A., additional, Ashford, Roland, additional, Weyer, Ute, additional, Beatham, Sarah, additional, Coats, Julia, additional, Nunez, Alex, additional, Sanchez-Cordon, Pedro, additional, Spiropoulos, John, additional, Powell, Stephen, additional, Sawyer, Jason, additional, Pascoe, Jordan, additional, Hendon-Dunn, Charlotte, additional, Bacon, Joanna, additional, and Chambers, Mark A., additional

Published
2020
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32. Massive transient damage of the olfactory epithelium associated with infection of sustentacular cells by SARS-CoV-2 in golden Syrian hamsters

Author

Bryche, Bertrand, primary, St Albin, Audrey, additional, Murri, Severine, additional, Lacôte, Sandra, additional, Pulido, Coralie, additional, Gouilh, Meriadeg Ar, additional, Lesellier, Sandrine, additional, Servat, Alexandre, additional, Wasniewski, Marine, additional, Picard-Meyer, Evelyne, additional, Monchatre-Leroy, Elodie, additional, Volmer, Romain, additional, Rampin, Olivier, additional, Le Goffic, Ronan, additional, Marianneau, Philippe, additional, and Meunier, Nicolas, additional

Published
2020
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33. Local Lung Immune Response to Mycobacterium bovis Challenge after BCG and M. bovis Heat-Inactivated Vaccination in European Badger (Meles meles)

Author

Blanco Vázquez, Cristina, primary, Prieto, Miguel, additional, Barral, Marta, additional, Juste, Ramón Antonio, additional, Lesellier, Sandrine, additional, Salguero, Francisco Javier, additional, Davé, Dipesh, additional, Martínez, Ileana Zorhaya, additional, de Garnica García, María Gracia, additional, Casais, Rosa, additional, and Balseiro, Ana, additional

Published
2020
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34. MOESM1 of Detection of live M. bovis BCG in tissues and IFN-γ responses in European badgers (Meles meles) vaccinated by oropharyngeal instillation or directly in the ileum

Author

Lesellier, Sandrine, Maria-Laura Boschiroli, Barrat, Jacques, Wanke, Christoph, Salguero, Francisco, Garcia-Jimenez, Waldo, Nunez, Alex, Godinho, Ana, Spiropoulos, John, Palmer, Simonette, Dipesh Dave, Anderson, Paul, Jean-Marc Boucher, Krystel De Cruz, Henault, Sylvie, Michelet, Lorraine, Gowtage, Sonya, Williams, Gareth, Nadian, Allan, Monchâtre-Leroy, Elodie, Boué, Frank, Chambers, Mark, and Richomme, Céline

Subjects
bacterial infections and mycoses
Abstract

Additional file 1: Table S1. Primers used for the detection of mycobacteria by RT-PCR

Published
2019
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35. Protective Effect of Oral BCG and Inactivated Mycobacterium bovis Vaccines in European Badgers (Meles meles) Experimentally Infected With M. bovis

Author

Balseiro, Ana, primary, Prieto, José Miguel, additional, Álvarez, Vega, additional, Lesellier, Sandrine, additional, Davé, Dipesh, additional, Salguero, Francisco J., additional, Sevilla, Iker A., additional, Infantes-Lorenzo, José Antonio, additional, Garrido, Joseba M., additional, Adriaensen, Hans, additional, Juste, Ramón A., additional, and Barral, Marta, additional

Published
2020
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36. Detection of live M. bovis BCG in tissues and IFN-γ responses in European badgers (Meles meles) vaccinated by oropharyngeal instillation or directly in the ileum

Author

Lesellier, Sandrine, primary, Boschiroli, Maria-Laura, additional, Barrat, Jacques, additional, Wanke, Christoph, additional, Salguero, Francisco J., additional, Garcia-Jimenez, Waldo L., additional, Nunez, Alex, additional, Godinho, Ana, additional, Spiropoulos, John, additional, Palmer, Simonette, additional, Dave, Dipesh, additional, Anderson, Paul, additional, Boucher, Jean-Marc, additional, de Cruz, Krystel, additional, Henault, Sylvie, additional, Michelet, Lorraine, additional, Gowtage, Sonya, additional, Williams, Gareth A., additional, Nadian, Allan K., additional, Monchâtre-Leroy, Elodie, additional, Boué, Frank, additional, Chambers, Mark A., additional, and Richomme, Céline, additional

Published
2019
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39. Additional file 1: of Lactic acid Bacteria isolated from European badgers (Meles meles) reduce the viability and survival of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine and influence the immune response to BCG in a human macrophage model

Author

Stedman, Anna, Motes, Carlos Maluquer De, Lesellier, Sandrine, Dalley, Deanna, Chambers, Mark, and Gutierrez-Merino, Jorge

Subjects
genetic structures
Abstract

Figure S1. pH of BCG co-cultures with LAB isolates or E. coli and Salmonella after 0 (white bars), 24 (grey bars) and 48 (black bars) h of incubation. Different letters signify statistical differences between mean values using ANOVA followed by LSD (p

Published
2018
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40. New serological platform for detecting antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in European badgers

Author

Infantes-Lorenzo, Jose A., primary, Dave, Dipesh, additional, Moreno, Immaculada, additional, Anderson, Paul, additional, Lesellier, Sandrine, additional, Gormley, Eamonn, additional, Dominguez, Lucas, additional, Balseiro, Ana, additional, Gortázar, Christian, additional, Dominguez, Mercedes, additional, and Salguero, Francisco J., additional

Published
2019
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41. Assessment of the safety of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine administered orally to badgers ( Meles meles )

Author

Perrett, Simon, primary, Lesellier, Sandrine, additional, Rogers, Fiona, additional, Williams, Gareth A., additional, Gowtage, Sonya, additional, Palmer, Si, additional, Dalley, Deanna, additional, Davé, Dipesh, additional, Weyer, Ute, additional, Wood, Emma, additional, Salguero, Francisco J., additional, Nunez, Alex, additional, Reed, Nick, additional, and Chambers, Mark A., additional

Published
2018
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42. Discovery of a polyomavirus in European badgers (Meles meles) and the evolution of host range in the family Polyomaviridae

Author

Hill, Sarah C., Murphy, Aisling A., Cotten, Matthew, Palser, Anne L., Benson, Phillip, Lesellier, Sandrine, Gormley, Eamonn, Richomme, Céline, Grierson, Sylvia, Ni Bhuachalla, Deirdre, Chambers, Mark, Kellam, Paul, Boschiroli, María-Laura, Ehlers, Bernhard, Jarvis, Michael A., and Pybus, Oliver G.

Subjects
Badger, viruses, Sequence Homology, T-ANTIGENS, Genome, EMERGENCE, Cluster Analysis, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Phylogeny, 0303 health sciences, Phylogenetic tree, biology, virus diseases, Standard, Europe, GENOME ANALYSIS, HERPESVIRUS-1, Polyomavirus, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, VIRUSES, MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY, Molecular Sequence Data, Mustelidae, Genome, Viral, Meles, Virus, Host Specificity, Viral Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Phylogenetics, 07 Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Virology, biology.animal, Animals, 030304 developmental biology, Polyomavirus Infections, Science & Technology, 030306 microbiology, Animal, Sequence Analysis, DNA, 06 Biological Sciences, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, Tumor Virus Infections, Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology, BATS, DNA, Viral, DNA viruses
Abstract

Polyomaviruses infect a diverse range of mammalian and avian hosts, and are associated with a variety of symptoms. However, it is unknown whether the viruses are found in all mammalian families and the evolutionary history of the polyomaviruses is still unclear. Here, we report the discovery of a novel polyomavirus in the European badger (Meles meles), which to our knowledge represents the first polyomavirus to be characterized in the family Mustelidae, and within a European carnivoran. Although the virus was discovered serendipitously in the supernatant of a cell culture inoculated with badger material, we subsequently confirmed its presence in wild badgers. The European badger polyomavirus was tentatively named Meles meles polyomavirus 1 (MmelPyV1). The genome is 5187 bp long and encodes proteins typical of polyomaviruses. Phylogenetic analyses including all known polyomavirus genomes consistently group MmelPyV1 with California sea lion polyomavirus 1 across all regions of the genome. Further evolutionary analyses revealed phylogenetic discordance amongst polyomavirus genome regions, possibly arising from evolutionary rate heterogeneity, and a complex association between polyomavirus phylogeny and host taxonomic groups.

Published
2015

43. The Effect of Oral Vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis BCG on the Development of Tuberculosis in Captive European Badgers (Meles meles)

Author

Chambers, Mark A., primary, Aldwell, Frank, additional, Williams, Gareth A., additional, Palmer, Si, additional, Gowtage, Sonya, additional, Ashford, Roland, additional, Dalley, Deanna J., additional, Davé, Dipesh, additional, Weyer, Ute, additional, Salguero, Francisco J., additional, Nunez, Alejandro, additional, Nadian, Allan K., additional, Crawshaw, Timothy, additional, Corner, Leigh A. L., additional, and Lesellier, Sandrine, additional

Published
2017
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44. Vaccination of badgers against tuberculosis: the optimal dose of Mycobacterium bovis required for challenge

Author

Lesellier, Sandrine, Corner, L. A. (Leigh Austin), Sleeman, D. Paddy, Costello, Eamon, Gormley, Eamonn, Collins, John D., and Hammond, Robert F.

Subjects
Optimal dose, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Vaccination, Tuberculosis, Challenge, Mycobacterium bovis, humanities, Badgers
Abstract

Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine Teagasc Deposited by bulk import

Published
2003

46. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination reduces the severity and progression of tuberculosis in badgers

Author

Chambers, Mark A., primary, Rogers, Fiona, additional, Delahay, Richard J., additional, Lesellier, Sandrine, additional, Ashford, Roland, additional, Dalley, Deanna, additional, Gowtage, Sonya, additional, Davé, Dipesh, additional, Palmer, Si, additional, Brewer, Jacky, additional, Crawshaw, Timothy, additional, Clifton-Hadley, Richard, additional, Carter, Steve, additional, Cheeseman, Chris, additional, Hanks, Chris, additional, Murray, Alistair, additional, Palphramand, Kate, additional, Pietravalle, Stéphane, additional, Smith, Graham C., additional, Tomlinson, Alexandra, additional, Walker, Neil J., additional, Wilson, Gavin J., additional, Corner, Leigh A. L., additional, Rushton, Stephen P., additional, Shirley, Mark D. F., additional, Gettinby, George, additional, McDonald, Robbie A., additional, and Hewinson, R. Glyn, additional

Published
2010
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49. Local Lung Immune Response to Mycobacterium bovis Challenge after BCG and M. bovis Heat-Inactivated Vaccination in European Badger (Meles meles)

Author

Sanidad Animal, Blanco Vázquez, Cristina, Prieto, Miguel, Barral, Marta, Juste, Ramón Antonio, Lesellier, Sandrine, Salguero, Francisco Javier, Davé, Dipesh, Martínez Ramos, Ileana Zorhaya, de Garnica García, María Gracia, Casais, Rosa, Balseiro Morales, Ana María, Sanidad Animal, Blanco Vázquez, Cristina, Prieto, Miguel, Barral, Marta, Juste, Ramón Antonio, Lesellier, Sandrine, Salguero, Francisco Javier, Davé, Dipesh, Martínez Ramos, Ileana Zorhaya, de Garnica García, María Gracia, Casais, Rosa, and Balseiro Morales, Ana María

Abstract

[EN] Tuberculosis (TB) vaccination could be used as a key part of integrated strategies for the disease’s control if an effective and safe vaccine under field conditions is obtained. Recent studies in Spain have evaluated the protective efficacy of two oral vaccines against experimental challenge with live intra-bronchial Mycobacterium bovis in captive badgers: the live-attenuated M. bovis BCG vaccine (Danish strain) and a heat-inactivated M. bovis (HIMB) vaccine. With the objective of increasing the knowledge of the cellular development progress of infection and generating further tools to discriminate between mild and severe TB lesions between and within animals, the immunopathology of tuberculous lesions was studied to characterize the local immune response (cell type profile) within lung granulomas from control (non-vaccinated), BCG vaccinated and HIMB-vaccinated experimentally infected badgers with M. bovis. Four immunohistochemical protocols, for the specific detection of macrophages, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and plasma cells within TB granulomas in formalin fixed sections of the right middle lung lobe (lobe targeted for the M. bovis delivery), were performed. Immunolabelled sections were scanned and five randomly selected areas were analyzed with digital image analysis software. The results were expressed as the proportion of the positively immunolabelled area within the total area of the selected site. Data was analyzed using the statistical analysis software (SAS). In the three treatment groups, macrophages were the most abundant inflammatory cells within the granulomas, followed by B lymphocytes and plasma cells. T lymphocyes were absent in those granulomas. This would suggest a predominance of a non-specific innate response mediated by phagocytic cells over an adaptative humoral immune response. The proportion of macrophages and plasma cells was higher in BCG and HIMB-vaccinated badgers, respectively, suggesting the establishment of an adaptative humo

50. Experimental Infection of Captive Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) with Mycobacterium bovis

Author

Sanidad Animal, Richomme, Céline, Lesellier, Sandrine, Salguero, Francisco Javier, Barrat, Jacques Laurent, Boucher, Jean-Marc, Reyes-Reyes, Jennifer Danaidae, Hénault, Sylvie, De Cruz, Krystel, Tambosco, Jennifer, Michelet, Lorraine, Boutet, Justine, Elahi, Rubyat, Lyashchenko, Konstantin P., O’Halloran, Conor, Balseiro Morales, Ana María, Boschiroli, Maria Laura, Sanidad Animal, Richomme, Céline, Lesellier, Sandrine, Salguero, Francisco Javier, Barrat, Jacques Laurent, Boucher, Jean-Marc, Reyes-Reyes, Jennifer Danaidae, Hénault, Sylvie, De Cruz, Krystel, Tambosco, Jennifer, Michelet, Lorraine, Boutet, Justine, Elahi, Rubyat, Lyashchenko, Konstantin P., O’Halloran, Conor, Balseiro Morales, Ana María, and Boschiroli, Maria Laura

Abstract

[EN] In Europe, animal tuberculosis (TB) due to Mycobacterium bovis involves multi-host communities that include cattle and wildlife species, such as wild boar (Sus scrofa), badgers (Meles meles) and red deer (Cervus elaphus). Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) infections have also been recently reported in some TB endemic regions in the Iberian Peninsula and France, with some of the infected animals shedding M. bovis in urine and feces. In order to understand the pathogenesis of M. bovis infection in foxes and the associated risk of transmission, 12 captive foxes (6 females and 6 males) were inoc-ulated orally with 2 × 107 colony-forming units of a French field isolate of M. bovis. Clinical samples (urine, feces and oropharyngeal swabs) were collected every four weeks and tested for molecular diagnosis and bacteriology. Serological responses were measured by IDEXX M. bovis Ab Test and Multi Antigen Print Immunoassay (MAPIA). At a post-mortem examination performed 12 weeks post infection (wpi), tissues were tested for the presence of M. bovis and associated gross and microscopic TB-like lesions. M. bovis was detected by PCR in bladder swabs of 3 animals at 12 wpi. It was also detected pre-mortem at different time points of the experiment in the oropharyngeal mu-cus of three individuals and in the feces of nine foxes, with two of them confirmed by bacteriology. All 12 foxes had at least 4 PCR positive samples (out of the 23 tested), and all but 1 fox had at least 1 culture positive sample. The culture negative fox was PCR positive in both retropharyngeal and mesenteric lymph nodes, in line with the results of the other animals. Seroconversion was observed in all foxes except one during the experiment, and in nine at the final time point. No gross visible lesions were found in any animal at the post-mortem examination. The histology showed small granulomas within the lymph nodes, tonsils, liver and lungs from eight animals, with the presence of few acid-fast bacilli. These resul

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