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6. Foraging Behavior Shows Individual-Consistency Over Time, and Predicts Range Use in Slow-Growing Free-Range Male Broiler Chickens

Author

V. H. Bessa Ferreira, A. Simoni, K. Germain, C. Leterrier, L. Lansade, A. Collin, S. Mignon-Grasteau, E. Le Bihan-Duval, E. Guettier, H. Leruste, H. Løvlie, L. Calandreau, V. Guesdon

Abstract

Recent research on free-range chickens shows that individual behavioral differences may link to range use. However, most of these studies explored individual behavioral differences only at one time point or during a short time window, assessed differences when animals were out of their social group and home environment (barn and range), and in specific tests or situations. Therefore, it is yet unclear how different behaviors relate to range use and how consistent these behaviors are at the individual level. To fill this gap, we here aimed to describe the behavioral budget of slow-growing male broiler chickens (S757N) when in their social group and home environment during the whole rearing period (from the second week of life to the twelfth week, before slaughter), and to relate observed behavioral differences to range use. For this, we followed a sample of individuals in two flocks (n= 60 focal chickens out of 200 chickens per flock), over two seasons, during three periods: before range access (from 14 to 25 days old), during early range access (first weeks of range access, from 37 to 53 days old), and during late range access (last weeks of range access, from 63 to 87 days old). By the end of each period, individual tests of exploration and social motivation were also performed, measuring exploration/activity and sociability propensities. Our results show that foraging (i.e., pecking and scratching at the ground) was the only behavior that correlated to range use for all three rearing periods, independent of the season. Foraging was also the only behavior that showed within-individual consistency from an early age and across the three rearing periods. Foraging may, therefore, serve as a useful behavioral predictor of range use in free-range broiler chickens. Our study increases the knowledge of how behaviors develop and relate to each other in a domesticated and intensely selected species, and improves our understanding of the biology of free-range broiler chickens. These findings can, ultimately, serve as a foundation to increase range use and improve chicken welfare.

Published
2022

10. Assessing welfare of veal calves on farms : measures of behaviour and respiratory disorders and potential ways for welfare improvement

Author

Leruste, H., Wageningen University, Bas Kemp, Eddy Bokkers, and B.J. Lensink

Subjects
Dierlijke Productiesystemen, ademhalingsziekten, animal husbandry, dierhouderij, respiratory diseases, animal behaviour, Animal Production Systems, dierenwelzijn, animal welfare, vleeskalveren, diergedrag, WIAS, Adaptation Physiology, veal calves, Adaptatiefysiologie
Abstract

Vleeskalveren zijn jonge runderen die geslacht worden op een leeftijd van maximaal 8 maanden. Vleeskalveren worden gehouden om mals en lichtroze vlees te produceren. Hiertoe worden ze op gespecialiseerde bedrijven gehouden waar ze gevoerd worden met hoofdzakelijk kunstmelk en vast voer (i.e. krachtvoer, maïssilage, stro). In de Europese Unie (EU), minimumnormen voor welzijn en huisvestingcondities voor vleeskalveren zijn gereguleerd via de EU richtlijnen. Deze minimumnormen garanderen niet noodzakelijkerwijze dat het welzijnsniveau van de kalveren altijd optimaal is, aangezien huisvesting- en managementcondities tussen bedrijven kunnen verschillen. Burgers willen geïnformeerd worden over het werkelijke welzijnsniveau van dieren op boerderijen en daardoor ook een noodzaak voor een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde welzijnsmaatlat. De EU heeft van 2004 to 2009 een onderzoeksproject gefinancierd genaamd Welfare Quality® met als doelstelling “het ontwikkelen van een gestandaardiseerd dierenwelzijnsmonitor” en “het identificeren van praktische oplossingen voor het verbeteren van dierenwelzijn”. Dit proefschrift heeft bijgedragen aan het ontwerpen van een welzijnsmonitor op bedrijfsniveau voor vleeskalveren met als specifieke doelstelling de kwaliteit van de verschillende waarnemingen te toetsen betreffende hun validiteit, betrouwbaarheid en uitvoerbaarheid. Verder is voor elke waarneming gekeken naar specifieke risicofactoren voor een verlaagd dierenwelzijn op in totaal 174 kalverbedrijven in de drie belangrijkste vleeskalverproductielanden in Europa (Frankrijk, Nederland en Italië).

Published
2014

11. Prevalence of Locomotory System Disorders in Veal Calves and Risk Factors for Occurrence of Bursitis

Author

Brščić, M., Gottardo, F., Leruste, H., Lensink, J., Reenen, K. C. G., and Giulio Cozzi

Subjects
animal diseases, veal calf, locomotory disorders, welfare, bursitis, risk factors
Abstract

The study aimed to assess the prevalence of locomotory system disorders within a wide cross-sectional study in 174 veal calves farms and to investigate risk factors associated to disorders with a relevant prevalence (>1%). A representative sample of the European veal production systems was considered in the three major producing countries (100 in NL, 50 in FR, 24 in IT). One batch/farm was observed in three stages of the fattening. At each visit calves with evidence of bursitis, hoof lesions, joint lesions, and lameness were recorded. A set of production system descriptors gathered by an interview to the farmer were considered as potential risks. Results showed an average prevalence ≤1% of calves for hoof and joint lesions, and lameness at any stage. Bursitis was observed on 0.2%, 4.1% and 11.2% of calves at 3, 13 wks and at the end of fattening, respectively. Risk factors for bursitis were linked to concrete and wooden slatted floors, to space allowance ≤1.8 m2/calf, and floors aged

Published
2011

13. Branching Fraction Measurements of $B^+ \to \rho^+ \gamma$, $B^0 \to \rho^0 \gamma$, and $B^0 \to \omega \gamma$

Author

Aubert, B., Bona, M., Boutigny, D., Karyotakis, Y., Lees, J.P., Poireau, V., Prudent, X., Tisserand, V., Zghiche, A., Grauges, E., Palano, A., C. Chen, J., D. Qi, N., Rong, G., Wang, P., S. Zhu, Y., Eigen, G., Ofte, I., Stugu, B., S. Abrams, G., Battaglia, M., Button-Shafer, J., N. Cahn, R., Groysman, Y., G. Jacobsen, R., A. Kadyk, J., T. Kerth, L., G. Kolomensky, Yu., Kukartsev, G., Lopes Pegna, D., Lynch, G., M. Mir, L., J. Orimoto, T., Pripstein, M., Roe, N.A., T. Ronan, M., K. Tackmann, &#8727, Wenzel, W.A., del Amo Sanchez, P., Barrett, M., J. Harrison, T., J. Hart, A., M. Hawkes, C., T. Watson, A., Held, T., Koch, H., Lewandowski, B., Pelizaeus, M., Peters, K., Schroeder, T., Steinke, M., T. Boyd, J., P. Burke, J., N. Cottingham, W., Walker, D., J. Asgeirsson, D., Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T., G. Fulsom, B., Hearty, C., S. Knecht, N., S. Mattison, T., A. Mckenna, J., Khan, A., Kyberd, P., Saleem, M., J. Sherwood, D., Teodorescu, L., E. Blinov, V., D. Bukin, A., P. Druzhinin, V., B. Golubev, V., P. Onuchin, A., I. Serednyakov, S., I. Skovpen, Yu., P. Solodov, E., Yu Todyshev, K., Bondioli, M., Bruinsma, M., Chao, M., Curry, S., Eschrich, I., Kirkby, D., J. Lankford, A., Lund, P., Mandelkern, M., C. Martin, E., P. Stoker, D., Abachi, S., Buchanan, C., D. Foulkes, S., W. Gary, J., Liu, Franklin, Long, O., C. Shen, B., Zhang, L., J. Hill, E., P. Paar, H., Rahatlou, S., Sharma, V., W. Berryhill, J., Campagnari, C., Cunha, A., Dahmes, B., M. Hong, T., Kovalskyi, D., D. Richman, J., W. Beck, T., M. Eisner, A., J. Flacco, C., Heusch, C.A., Kroseberg, J., S. Lockman, W., Schalk, T., A. Schumm, B., Seiden, A., C. Williams, D., G. Wilson, M., O. Winstrom, L., Chen, E., H. Cheng, C., Dvoretskii, A., Fang, F., G. Hitlin, D., Narsky, I., Piatenko, T., C. Porter, F., Mancinelli, G., T. Meadows, B., Mishra, K., D. Sokoloff, M., Blanc, F., C. Bloom, P., Chen, Si, T. Ford, W., F. Hirschauer, J., Kreisel, A., Nagel, M., Nauenberg, U., Olivas, A., G. Smith, J., A. Ulmer, K., R. Wagner, S., Zhang, J., Chen, A., A. Eckhart, E., Soffer, A., H. Toki, W., J. Wilson, R., Winklmeier, F., Zeng, Q., D. Altenburg, D., Feltresi, E., Hauke, A., Jasper, H., Merkel, J., Petzold, A., Spaan, B., Wacker, K., Brandt, T., Klose, V., M. Lacker, H., F. Mader, W., Nogowski, R., Schubert, J., R. Schubert, K., Schwierz, R., E. Sundermann, J., Volk, A., Bernard, D., Bonneaud, G.R., Latour, E., Thiebaux, C., Verderi, M., J. Clark, P., Gradl, W., Muheim, F., Playfer, S., I. Robertson, A., Xie, Y., Andreotti, M., Bettoni, D., Bozzi, C., Calabrese, R., Cibinetto, G., Luppi, E., Negrini, M., Petrella, A., Piemontese, L., Prencipe, E., Anulli, F., Baldini-Ferroli, R., Calcaterra, A., de Sangro, R., Finocchiaro, G., Pacetti, S., Patteri, P., M. Peruzzi, I., Piccolo, M., Rama, M., Zallo, A., Buzzo, A., Contri, R., Lo Vetere, M., M. Macri, M., R. Monge, M., Passaggio, S., Patrignani, C., Robutti, E., Santroni, A., Tosi, S., S. Chaisanguanthum, K., Morii, M., Wu, J., S. Dubitzky, R., Marks, J., Schenk, S., Uwer, U., J. Bard, D., D. Dauncey, P., L. Flack, R., A. Nash, J., B. Nikolich, M., Panduro Vazquez, W., K. Behera, P., Chai, X., J. Charles, M., Mallik, U., T. Meyer, N., Ziegler, V., Cochran, J., B. Crawley, H., Dong, L., Eyges, V., T. Meyer, W., Prell, S., I. Rosenberg, E., E. Rubin, A., V. Gritsan, A., G. Denig, A., Fritsch, M., Schott, G., Arnaud, N., Davier, M., Grosdidier, G., Hocker, A., Lepeltier, V., Le Diberder, F., Lutz, A.M., Pruvot, S., Rodier, S., Roudeau, P., Schune, M.H., Serrano, J., Stocchi, A., Wang, W.F., Wormser, G., J. Lange, D., M. Wright, D., Chavez, C.A., J. Forster, I., R. Fry, J., Gabathuler, E., Gamet, R., E. Hutchcroft, D., J. Payne, D., C. Schofield, K., Touramanis, C., J. Bevan, A., A. George, K., Di Lodovico, F., Menges, W., Sacco, R., Cowan, G., U. Flaecher, H., Hopkins, D.A., S. Jackson, P., R. Mcmahon, T., Salvatore, F., C. Wren, A., N. Brown, D., L. Davis, C., Allison, J., R. Barlow, N., J. Barlow, R., M. Chia, Y., L. Edgar, C., D. Lafferty, G., J. West, T., I. Yi, J., Chen, C., D. Hulsbergen, W., Jawahery, A., K. Lae, C., Roberts, D.A., Simi, G., Blaylock, G., Dallapiccola, C., Hertzbach, S.S., Li, Xiaojian, B. Moore, T., Salvati, E., Saremi, S., Cowan, R., Koeneke, K., I. Lang, M., Sciolla, G., J. Sekula, S., Spitznagel, M., Taylor, F., K. Yamamoto, R., Yi, M., Kim, H., E. Mclachlin, S., M. Patel, P., H. Robertson, S., Lazzaro, A., Lombardo, V., Palombo, F., M. Bauer, J., Cremaldi, L., Eschenburg, V., Godang, R., Kroeger, R., Sanders, D.A., J. Summers, D., W. Zhao, H., Brunet, S., Cote, D., Simard, M., Taras, P., B. Viaud, F., Nicholson, H., Cavallo, N., de Nardo, G., Fabozzi, F., Gatto, C., Lista, L., Monorchio, D., Paolucci, P., Piccolo, D., Sciacca, C., A. Baak, M., Raven, G., L. Snoek, H., P. Jessop, C., M. Losecco, J., Benelli, G., Corwin, L.A., K. Gan, K., Honscheid, K., Hufnagel, D., Kagan, H., Kass, R., P. Morris, J., M. Rahimi, A., Regensburger, J.J., Ter-Antonyan, R., K. Wong, Q., L. Blount, N., Brau, J., Frey, R., Igonkina, O., A. Kolb, J., Lu, M., T. Potter, C., Rahmat, R., B. Sinev, N., Strom, D., Strube, J., Torrence, E., Gaz, A., Margoni, M., Morandin, M., Pompili, A., Posocco, M., Rotondo, M., Simonetto, F., Stroili, R., Voci, C., Ben-Haim, E., Briand, H., Chauveau, J., David, P., del Buono, L., de La Vaissiere, C., Hamon, O., Hartfiel, B.L., Leruste, H., Malcles, J., Ocariz, J., Gladney, L., Biasini, M., Covarelli, R., Angelini, C., Batignani, G., Bettarini, S., Calderini, G., Carpinelli, M., Cenci, R., Forti, F., A. Giorgi, M., Lusiani, A., Marchiori, G., A. Mazur, M., Morganti, M., Neri, N., Paoloni, E., Rizzo, G., J. Walsh, J., Haire, M., Biesiada, J., Elmer, P., P. Lau, Y., Lu, C., Olsen, J., J. S. Smith, A., V. Telnov, A., Bellini, F., Cavoto, G., d'Orazio, A., del Re, D., Di Marco, E., Faccini, R., Ferrarotto, F., Ferroni, F., Gaspero, M., D. Jackson, P., Li Gioi, L., A. Mazzoni, M., Morganti, S., Piredda, G., Polci, F., Voena, C., Ebert, M., Schr¨oder, H., Waldi, R., Adye, T., Castelli, G., Franek, B., O. Olaiya, E., Ricciardi, S., Roethel, W., F. Wilson, F., Aleksan, R., Emery, S., Escalier, M., Gaidot, A., Ganzhur, S.F., Hamel de Monchenault, G., Kozanecki, W., Legendre, M., Vasseur, G., Yeche, C., Zito, M., R. Chen, X., Liu, Hong, Park, W., V. Purohit, M., R. Wilson, J., T. Allen, M., Aston, D., Bartoldus, R., Bechtle, P., Berger, N., Claus, R., P. Coleman, J., R. Convery, M., C. Dingfelder, J., Dorfan, J., P. Dubois-Felsmann, G., Dujmic, D., Dunwoodie, W., C. Field, R., Glanzman, T., J. Gowdy, S., T. Graham, M., Grenier, P., Halyo, V., Hast, C., Hryn'Ova, T., R. Innes, W., H. Kelsey, M., Kim, P., W. G. S. Leith, D., Li, S., Luitz, S., Luth, V., L. Lynch, H., B. Macfarlane, D., Marsiske, H., Messner, R., R. Muller, D., P. O'Grady, C., E. Ozcan, V., Perazzo, A., Perl, M., Pulliam, T., N. Ratcliff, B., Roodman, A., A. Salnikov, A., H. Schindler, R., Schwiening, J., Snyder, A., Stelzer, J., Su, D., K. Sullivan, M., Suzuki, K., K. Swain, S., M. Thompson, J., Va'Vra, J., van Bakel, N., P. Wagner, A., Weaver, M., J. Wisniewski, W., Wittgen, M., H. Wright, D., W. Wulsin, H., K. Yarritu, A., Yi, K., C. Young, C., R. Burchat, P., J. Edwards, A., Majewski, S.A., A. Petersen, B., Wilden, L., Ahmed, Mohamed-Salem, S. Alam, M., Bula, R., A. Ernst, J., Jain, V., Pan, B., A. Saeed, M., R. Wappler, F., B. Zain, S., Bugg, W., Krishnamurthy, M., M. Spanier, S., Eckmann, R., L. Ritchie, J., J. Schilling, C., F. Schwitters, R., M. Izen, J., C. Lou, X., Ye, S., Bianchi, F., Gallo, F., Gamba, D., Pelliccioni, M., Bomben, M., Bosisio, L., Cartaro, C., Cossutti, F., Della Ricca, G., Lanceri, L., Vitale, L., Azzolini, V., Lopez-March, N., Martinez-Vidal, F., Oyanguren, A., Albert, J., Banerjee, Sw., Bhuyan, B., Hamano, K., Kowalewski, R., M. Nugent, I., M. Roney, J., J. Sobie, R., Back, J.J., F. Harrison, P., E. Latham, T., B. Mohanty, G., Pappagallo, M., R. Band, H., Chen, X., Dasu, S., T. Flood, K., Hollar, J.J., E. Kutter, P., Mellado, B., Pan, Y., Pierini, M., Prepost, R., L. Wu, S., Yu, Z., Neal, H., Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département d'Astrophysique, de physique des Particules, de physique Nucléaire et de l'Instrumentation Associée (DAPNIA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), BABAR, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)

Subjects
[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 12.15.Hh, 14.40.Nd, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We present a study of the decays B+ -> rho+ gamma, B0 -> rho0 gamma, and B0 -> omega gamma. The analysis is based on data containing 347 million BBbar events recorded with the BaBar detector at the PEP-II asymmetric B factory. We measure the branching fractions BR(B+ -> rho+ gamma) = (1.10 +0.37/-0.33 +/- 0.09) x 10-6 and BR(B0 -> rho0 gamma) = (0.79 +0.22/-0.20 +/- 0.06) x 10-6, and set a 90% C.L. upper limit BR(B0 -> omega gamma) < 0.78 x 10-6. We also measure the isospin-averaged branching fraction BR(B->rho/omega gamma) = (1.25 +0.25/-0.24 +/- 0.09) x 10-6, from which we determine |Vtd/Vts| = 0.200 +0.021/-0.020 +/- 0.015, where the first uncertainty is experimental and the second is theoretical., Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure, submitted to PRL

Published
2007
Full Text
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16. Assessing welfare of veal calves on farms : measures of behaviour and respiratory disorders and potential ways for welfare improvement

Author

Kemp, Bas, Bokkers, Eddy, Lensink, B.J., Leruste, H., Kemp, Bas, Bokkers, Eddy, Lensink, B.J., and Leruste, H.

Abstract

Vleeskalveren zijn jonge runderen die geslacht worden op een leeftijd van maximaal 8 maanden. Vleeskalveren worden gehouden om mals en lichtroze vlees te produceren. Hiertoe worden ze op gespecialiseerde bedrijven gehouden waar ze gevoerd worden met hoofdzakelijk kunstmelk en vast voer (i.e. krachtvoer, maïssilage, stro). In de Europese Unie (EU), minimumnormen voor welzijn en huisvestingcondities voor vleeskalveren zijn gereguleerd via de EU richtlijnen. Deze minimumnormen garanderen niet noodzakelijkerwijze dat het welzijnsniveau van de kalveren altijd optimaal is, aangezien huisvesting- en managementcondities tussen bedrijven kunnen verschillen. Burgers willen geïnformeerd worden over het werkelijke welzijnsniveau van dieren op boerderijen en daardoor ook een noodzaak voor een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde welzijnsmaatlat. De EU heeft van 2004 to 2009 een onderzoeksproject gefinancierd genaamd Welfare Quality® met als doelstelling “het ontwikkelen van een gestandaardiseerd dierenwelzijnsmonitor” en “het identificeren van praktische oplossingen voor het verbeteren van dierenwelzijn”. Dit proefschrift heeft bijgedragen aan het ontwerpen van een welzijnsmonitor op bedrijfsniveau voor vleeskalveren met als specifieke doelstelling de kwaliteit van de verschillende waarnemingen te toetsen betreffende hun validiteit, betrouwbaarheid en uitvoerbaarheid. Verder is voor elke waarneming gekeken naar specifieke risicofactoren voor een verlaagd dierenwelzijn op in totaal 174 kalverbedrijven in de drie belangrijkste vleeskalverproductielanden in Europa (Frankrijk, Nederland en Italië).

Published
2014

18. Inter-observer and test-retest reliability of on-farm behavioural observations in veal calves

Author

Eddie Bokkers, Leruste, H., Heutinck, L. F. M., Wolthuis-Fillerup, M., Werf, J. T. N., Lensink, B. J., and Reenen, C. G.

Subjects
animal behaviour, dierlijke productie, Animal Production Systems, animal welfare, beef cattle, meting, play-behavior, diergedrag, situations, vleesvee, housed dairy calves, humans, Dierlijke Productiesystemen, animal production, pigs, space allowance, dierenwelzijn, monitoring, welfare, vleeskalveren, cattle, WIAS, responses, fear, tests, measurement, veal calves, Wageningen Livestock Research
Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate inter-observer and test-retest reliability of different behavioural observations to be used in an on-farm, animal welfare monitoring system for veal calves. Twenty-three veal calf farms, varying in size, housing system, feeding regime and age of the calves were visited twice with two observers, simultaneously. Behavioural tests were conducted in eight pens per farm, measuring the response of calves to: a human entering the barn; a novel object; a passive, unfamiliar person; disturbance in the pen and an active approach by an unfamiliar and a familiar person. Furthermore, behaviour was recorded 20 min before and 20 min after feeding in eight other pens per farm. For all behavioural tests, inter-observer reliability was very high. Farm effects and test-retest reliabilities were high and significant for all behavioural tests, except for the test measuring response to disturbance in the pen. Although the active approach test with the familiar person was reliable, it was not feasible in practice due to the availability of the farmer. Since the active approach test with the unfamiliar person gave similar results, this test was recommended for an on-farm animal welfare monitoring system. For most behavioural elements recorded around feeding, farms differed significantly and inter-observer and test-retest reliabilities were high as well as being significant. The behavioural tests with entering the barn, novel object and unfamiliar person, and the behavioural observations before and after feeding were feasible and distinctive and reliable enough to be performed on-farm. These methods are promising tools to use as a monitor of animal welfare in veal calves

19. Branching Fraction Measurements of $B^+ \to \rho^+ \gamma$, $B^0 \to \rho^0 \gamma$, and $B^0 \to \omega \gamma$

Author

Aubert, B., Bona, M., Boutigny, D., Karyotakis, Y., Lees, J.P., Poireau, V., Prudent, X., Tisserand, V., Zghiche, A., Grauges, E., Palano, A., C. Chen, J., D. Qi, N., Rong, G., Wang, P., S. Zhu, Y., Eigen, G., Ofte, I., Stugu, B., S. Abrams, G., Battaglia, M., N. Brown, D., Button-Shafer, J., N. Cahn, R., Groysman, Y., G. Jacobsen, R., A. Kadyk, J., T. Kerth, L., G. Kolomensky, Yu., Kukartsev, G., Lopes Pegna, D., Lynch, G., M. Mir, L., J. Orimoto, T., Pripstein, M., A. Roe, N., T. Ronan, M., K. Tackmann, &#8727, A. Wenzel, W., Del Amo Sanchez, P., Barrett, M., J. Harrison, T., J. Hart, A., M. Hawkes, C., T. Watson, A., Held, T., Koch, H., Lewandowski, B., Pelizaeus, M., Peters, K., Schroeder, T., Steinke, M., T. Boyd, J., P. Burke, J., N. Cottingham, W., Walker, D., J. Asgeirsson, D., Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T., G. Fulsom, B., Hearty, C., S. Knecht, N., S. Mattison, T., A. Mckenna, J., Khan, A., Kyberd, P., Saleem, M., J. Sherwood, D., Teodorescu, L., E. Blinov, V., D. Bukin, A., P. Druzhinin, V., B. Golubev, V., P. Onuchin, A., I. Serednyakov, S., I. Skovpen, Yu., P. Solodov, E., Yu Todyshev, K., Bondioli, M., Bruinsma, M., Chao, M., Curry, S., Eschrich, I., Kirkby, D., J. Lankford, A., Lund, P., Mandelkern, M., C. Martin, E., P. Stoker, D., Abachi, S., Buchanan, C., D. Foulkes, S., W. Gary, J., Liu, F., Long, O., C. Shen, B., Zhang, L., J. Hill, E., P. Paar, H., Rahatlou, S., Sharma, V., W. Berryhill, J., Campagnari, C., Cunha, A., Dahmes, B., M. Hong, T., Kovalskyi, D., D. Richman, J., W. Beck, T., M. Eisner, A., J. Flacco, C., A. Heusch, C., Kroseberg, J., S. Lockman, W., Schalk, T., A. Schumm, B., Seiden, A., C. Williams, D., G. Wilson, M., O. Winstrom, L., Chen, E., H. Cheng, C., Dvoretskii, A., Fang, F., G. Hitlin, D., Narsky, I., Piatenko, T., C. Porter, F., Mancinelli, G., T. Meadows, B., Mishra, K., D. Sokoloff, M., Blanc, F., C. Bloom, P., Chen, S., T. Ford, W., F. Hirschauer, J., Kreisel, A., Nagel, M., Nauenberg, U., Olivas, A., G. Smith, J., A. Ulmer, K., R. Wagner, S., Zhang, J., Chen, A., A. Eckhart, E., Soffer, A., H. Toki, W., J. Wilson, R., Winklmeier, F., Zeng, Q., D. Altenburg, D., Feltresi, E., Hauke, A., Jasper, H., Merkel, J., Petzold, A., Spaan, B., Wacker, K., Brandt, T., Klose, V., M. Lacker, H., F. Mader, W., Nogowski, R., Schubert, J., R. Schubert, K., Schwierz, R., E. Sundermann, J., Volk, A., Bernard, D., Bonneaud, G.R., Latour, E., Thiebaux, C., Verderi, M., J. Clark, P., Gradl, W., Muheim, F., Playfer, S., I. Robertson, A., Xie, Y., Andreotti, M., Bettoni, D., Bozzi, C., Calabrese, R., Cibinetto, G., Luppi, E., Negrini, M., Petrella, A., Piemontese, L., Prencipe, E., Anulli, F., Baldini-Ferroli, R., Calcaterra, A., De Sangro, R., Finocchiaro, G., Pacetti, S., Patteri, P., M. Peruzzi, I., Piccolo, M., Rama, M., Zallo, A., Buzzo, A., Contri, R., Lo Vetere, M., M. Macri, M., R. Monge, M., Passaggio, S., Patrignani, C., Robutti, E., Santroni, A., Tosi, S., S. Chaisanguanthum, K., Morii, M., Wu, J., S. Dubitzky, R., Marks, J., Schenk, S., Uwer, U., J. Bard, D., D. Dauncey, P., L. Flack, R., A. Nash, J., B. Nikolich, M., Panduro Vazquez, W., K. Behera, P., Chai, X., J. Charles, M., Mallik, U., T. Meyer, N., Ziegler, V., Cochran, J., B. Crawley, H., Dong, L., Eyges, V., T. Meyer, W., Prell, S., I. Rosenberg, E., E. Rubin, A., V. Gritsan, A., G. Denig, A., Fritsch, M., Schott, G., Arnaud, N., Davier, M., Grosdidier, G., Hocker, A., Lepeltier, V., Le Diberder, F., Lutz, A.M., Pruvot, S., Rodier, S., Roudeau, P., Schune, M.H., Serrano, J., Stocchi, A., Wang, W.F., Wormser, G., J. Lange, D., M. Wright, D., A. Chavez, C., J. Forster, I., R. Fry, J., Gabathuler, E., Gamet, R., E. Hutchcroft, D., J. Payne, D., C. Schofield, K., Touramanis, C., J. Bevan, A., A. George, K., Di Lodovico, F., Menges, W., Sacco, R., Cowan, G., U. Flaecher, H., A. Hopkins, D., S. Jackson, P., R. Mcmahon, T., Salvatore, F., C. Wren, A., L. Davis, C., Allison, J., R. Barlow, N., J. Barlow, R., M. Chia, Y., L. Edgar, C., D. Lafferty, G., J. West, T., I. Yi, J., Chen, C., D. Hulsbergen, W., Jawahery, A., K. Lae, C., A. Roberts, D., Simi, G., Blaylock, G., Dallapiccola, C., S. Hertzbach, S., Li, X., B. Moore, T., Salvati, E., Saremi, S., Cowan, R., Koeneke, K., I. Lang, M., Sciolla, G., J. Sekula, S., Spitznagel, M., Taylor, F., K. Yamamoto, R., Yi, M., Kim, H., E. Mclachlin, S., M. Patel, P., H. Robertson, S., Lazzaro, A., Lombardo, V., Palombo, F., M. Bauer, J., Cremaldi, L., Eschenburg, V., Godang, R., Kroeger, R., A. Sanders, D., J. Summers, D., W. Zhao, H., Brunet, S., Cote, D., Simard, M., Taras, P., B. Viaud, F., Nicholson, H., Cavallo, N., De Nardo, G., Fabozzi, F., Gatto, C., Lista, L., Monorchio, D., Paolucci, P., Piccolo, D., Sciacca, C., A. Baak, M., Raven, G., L. Snoek, H., P. Jessop, C., M. Losecco, J., Benelli, G., A. Corwin, L., K. Gan, K., Honscheid, K., Hufnagel, D., Kagan, H., Kass, R., P. Morris, J., M. Rahimi, A., J. Regensburger, J., Ter-Antonyan, R., K. Wong, Q., L. Blount, N., Brau, J., Frey, R., Igonkina, O., A. Kolb, J., Lu, M., T. Potter, C., Rahmat, R., B. Sinev, N., Strom, D., Strube, J., Torrence, E., Gaz, A., Margoni, M., Morandin, M., Pompili, A., Posocco, M., Rotondo, M., Simonetto, F., Stroili, R., Voci, C., Ben-Haim, E., Briand, H., Chauveau, J., David, P., Del Buono, L., De La Vaissiere, C., Hamon, O., Hartfiel, B.L., Leruste, H., Malcles, J., Ocariz, J., Gladney, L., Biasini, M., Covarelli, R., Angelini, C., Batignani, G., Bettarini, S., Calderini, G., Carpinelli, M., Cenci, R., Forti, F., A. Giorgi, M., Lusiani, A., Marchiori, G., A. Mazur, M., Morganti, M., Neri, N., Paoloni, E., Rizzo, G., J. Walsh, J., Haire, M., Biesiada, J., Elmer, P., P. Lau, Y., Lu, C., Olsen, J., J. S. Smith, A., V. Telnov, A., Bellini, F., Cavoto, G., D'orazio, A., Del Re, D., Di Marco, E., Faccini, R., Ferrarotto, F., Ferroni, F., Gaspero, M., D. Jackson, P., Li Gioi, L., A. Mazzoni, M., Morganti, S., Piredda, G., Polci, F., Voena, C., Ebert, M., Schr¨oder, H., Waldi, R., Adye, T., Castelli, G., Franek, B., O. Olaiya, E., Ricciardi, S., Roethel, W., F. Wilson, F., Aleksan, R., Emery, S., Escalier, M., Gaidot, A., Ganzhur, S.F., Hamel De Monchenault, G., Kozanecki, W., Legendre, M., Vasseur, G., Yeche, C., Zito, M., R. Chen, X., Liu, H., Park, W., V. Purohit, M., R. Wilson, J., T. Allen, M., Aston, D., Bartoldus, R., Bechtle, P., Berger, N., Claus, R., P. Coleman, J., R. Convery, M., C. Dingfelder, J., Dorfan, J., P. Dubois-Felsmann, G., Dujmic, D., Dunwoodie, W., C. Field, R., Glanzman, T., J. Gowdy, S., T. Graham, M., Grenier, P., Halyo, V., Hast, C., Hryn'ova, T., R. Innes, W., H. Kelsey, M., Kim, P., W. G. S. Leith, D., Li, S., Luitz, S., Luth, V., L. Lynch, H., B. Macfarlane, D., Marsiske, H., Messner, R., R. Muller, D., P. O'grady, C., E. Ozcan, V., Perazzo, A., Perl, M., Pulliam, T., N. Ratcliff, B., Roodman, A., A. Salnikov, A., H. Schindler, R., Schwiening, J., Snyder, A., Stelzer, J., Su, D., K. Sullivan, M., Suzuki, K., K. Swain, S., M. Thompson, J., Va'vra, J., Van Bakel, N., P. Wagner, A., Weaver, M., J. Wisniewski, W., Wittgen, M., H. Wright, D., W. Wulsin, H., K. Yarritu, A., Yi, K., C. Young, C., R. Burchat, P., J. Edwards, A., A. Majewski, S., A. Petersen, B., Wilden, L., Ahmed, S., S. Alam, M., Bula, R., A. Ernst, J., Jain, V., Pan, B., A. Saeed, M., R. Wappler, F., B. Zain, S., Bugg, W., Krishnamurthy, M., M. Spanier, S., Eckmann, R., L. Ritchie, J., J. Schilling, C., F. Schwitters, R., M. Izen, J., C. Lou, X., Ye, S., Bianchi, F., Gallo, F., Gamba, D., Pelliccioni, M., Bomben, M., Bosisio, L., Cartaro, C., Cossutti, F., Della Ricca, G., Lanceri, L., Vitale, L., Azzolini, V., Lopez-March, N., Martinez-Vidal, F., Oyanguren, A., Albert, J., Banerjee, Sw., Bhuyan, B., Hamano, K., Kowalewski, R., M. Nugent, I., M. Roney, J., J. Sobie, R., J. Back, J., F. Harrison, P., E. Latham, T., B. Mohanty, G., Pappagallo, M., R. Band, H., Chen, X., Dasu, S., T. Flood, K., J. Hollar, J., E. Kutter, P., Mellado, B., Pan, Y., Pierini, M., Prepost, R., L. Wu, S., Yu, Z., Neal, H., Aubert, B., Bona, M., Boutigny, D., Karyotakis, Y., Lees, J.P., Poireau, V., Prudent, X., Tisserand, V., Zghiche, A., Grauges, E., Palano, A., C. Chen, J., D. Qi, N., Rong, G., Wang, P., S. Zhu, Y., Eigen, G., Ofte, I., Stugu, B., S. Abrams, G., Battaglia, M., N. Brown, D., Button-Shafer, J., N. Cahn, R., Groysman, Y., G. Jacobsen, R., A. Kadyk, J., T. Kerth, L., G. Kolomensky, Yu., Kukartsev, G., Lopes Pegna, D., Lynch, G., M. Mir, L., J. Orimoto, T., Pripstein, M., A. Roe, N., T. Ronan, M., K. Tackmann, &#8727, A. Wenzel, W., Del Amo Sanchez, P., Barrett, M., J. Harrison, T., J. Hart, A., M. Hawkes, C., T. Watson, A., Held, T., Koch, H., Lewandowski, B., Pelizaeus, M., Peters, K., Schroeder, T., Steinke, M., T. Boyd, J., P. Burke, J., N. Cottingham, W., Walker, D., J. Asgeirsson, D., Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T., G. Fulsom, B., Hearty, C., S. Knecht, N., S. Mattison, T., A. Mckenna, J., Khan, A., Kyberd, P., Saleem, M., J. Sherwood, D., Teodorescu, L., E. Blinov, V., D. Bukin, A., P. Druzhinin, V., B. Golubev, V., P. Onuchin, A., I. Serednyakov, S., I. Skovpen, Yu., P. Solodov, E., Yu Todyshev, K., Bondioli, M., Bruinsma, M., Chao, M., Curry, S., Eschrich, I., Kirkby, D., J. Lankford, A., Lund, P., Mandelkern, M., C. Martin, E., P. Stoker, D., Abachi, S., Buchanan, C., D. Foulkes, S., W. Gary, J., Liu, F., Long, O., C. Shen, B., Zhang, L., J. Hill, E., P. Paar, H., Rahatlou, S., Sharma, V., W. Berryhill, J., Campagnari, C., Cunha, A., Dahmes, B., M. Hong, T., Kovalskyi, D., D. Richman, J., W. Beck, T., M. Eisner, A., J. Flacco, C., A. Heusch, C., Kroseberg, J., S. Lockman, W., Schalk, T., A. Schumm, B., Seiden, A., C. Williams, D., G. Wilson, M., O. Winstrom, L., Chen, E., H. Cheng, C., Dvoretskii, A., Fang, F., G. Hitlin, D., Narsky, I., Piatenko, T., C. Porter, F., Mancinelli, G., T. Meadows, B., Mishra, K., D. Sokoloff, M., Blanc, F., C. Bloom, P., Chen, S., T. Ford, W., F. Hirschauer, J., Kreisel, A., Nagel, M., Nauenberg, U., Olivas, A., G. Smith, J., A. Ulmer, K., R. Wagner, S., Zhang, J., Chen, A., A. Eckhart, E., Soffer, A., H. Toki, W., J. Wilson, R., Winklmeier, F., Zeng, Q., D. Altenburg, D., Feltresi, E., Hauke, A., Jasper, H., Merkel, J., Petzold, A., Spaan, B., Wacker, K., Brandt, T., Klose, V., M. Lacker, H., F. Mader, W., Nogowski, R., Schubert, J., R. Schubert, K., Schwierz, R., E. Sundermann, J., Volk, A., Bernard, D., Bonneaud, G.R., Latour, E., Thiebaux, C., Verderi, M., J. Clark, P., Gradl, W., Muheim, F., Playfer, S., I. Robertson, A., Xie, Y., Andreotti, M., Bettoni, D., Bozzi, C., Calabrese, R., Cibinetto, G., Luppi, E., Negrini, M., Petrella, A., Piemontese, L., Prencipe, E., Anulli, F., Baldini-Ferroli, R., Calcaterra, A., De Sangro, R., Finocchiaro, G., Pacetti, S., Patteri, P., M. Peruzzi, I., Piccolo, M., Rama, M., Zallo, A., Buzzo, A., Contri, R., Lo Vetere, M., M. Macri, M., R. Monge, M., Passaggio, S., Patrignani, C., Robutti, E., Santroni, A., Tosi, S., S. Chaisanguanthum, K., Morii, M., Wu, J., S. Dubitzky, R., Marks, J., Schenk, S., Uwer, U., J. Bard, D., D. Dauncey, P., L. Flack, R., A. Nash, J., B. Nikolich, M., Panduro Vazquez, W., K. Behera, P., Chai, X., J. Charles, M., Mallik, U., T. Meyer, N., Ziegler, V., Cochran, J., B. Crawley, H., Dong, L., Eyges, V., T. Meyer, W., Prell, S., I. Rosenberg, E., E. Rubin, A., V. Gritsan, A., G. Denig, A., Fritsch, M., Schott, G., Arnaud, N., Davier, M., Grosdidier, G., Hocker, A., Lepeltier, V., Le Diberder, F., Lutz, A.M., Pruvot, S., Rodier, S., Roudeau, P., Schune, M.H., Serrano, J., Stocchi, A., Wang, W.F., Wormser, G., J. Lange, D., M. Wright, D., A. Chavez, C., J. Forster, I., R. Fry, J., Gabathuler, E., Gamet, R., E. Hutchcroft, D., J. Payne, D., C. Schofield, K., Touramanis, C., J. Bevan, A., A. George, K., Di Lodovico, F., Menges, W., Sacco, R., Cowan, G., U. Flaecher, H., A. Hopkins, D., S. Jackson, P., R. Mcmahon, T., Salvatore, F., C. Wren, A., L. Davis, C., Allison, J., R. Barlow, N., J. Barlow, R., M. Chia, Y., L. Edgar, C., D. Lafferty, G., J. West, T., I. Yi, J., Chen, C., D. Hulsbergen, W., Jawahery, A., K. Lae, C., A. Roberts, D., Simi, G., Blaylock, G., Dallapiccola, C., S. Hertzbach, S., Li, X., B. Moore, T., Salvati, E., Saremi, S., Cowan, R., Koeneke, K., I. Lang, M., Sciolla, G., J. Sekula, S., Spitznagel, M., Taylor, F., K. Yamamoto, R., Yi, M., Kim, H., E. Mclachlin, S., M. Patel, P., H. Robertson, S., Lazzaro, A., Lombardo, V., Palombo, F., M. Bauer, J., Cremaldi, L., Eschenburg, V., Godang, R., Kroeger, R., A. Sanders, D., J. Summers, D., W. Zhao, H., Brunet, S., Cote, D., Simard, M., Taras, P., B. Viaud, F., Nicholson, H., Cavallo, N., De Nardo, G., Fabozzi, F., Gatto, C., Lista, L., Monorchio, D., Paolucci, P., Piccolo, D., Sciacca, C., A. Baak, M., Raven, G., L. Snoek, H., P. Jessop, C., M. Losecco, J., Benelli, G., A. Corwin, L., K. Gan, K., Honscheid, K., Hufnagel, D., Kagan, H., Kass, R., P. Morris, J., M. Rahimi, A., J. Regensburger, J., Ter-Antonyan, R., K. Wong, Q., L. Blount, N., Brau, J., Frey, R., Igonkina, O., A. Kolb, J., Lu, M., T. Potter, C., Rahmat, R., B. Sinev, N., Strom, D., Strube, J., Torrence, E., Gaz, A., Margoni, M., Morandin, M., Pompili, A., Posocco, M., Rotondo, M., Simonetto, F., Stroili, R., Voci, C., Ben-Haim, E., Briand, H., Chauveau, J., David, P., Del Buono, L., De La Vaissiere, C., Hamon, O., Hartfiel, B.L., Leruste, H., Malcles, J., Ocariz, J., Gladney, L., Biasini, M., Covarelli, R., Angelini, C., Batignani, G., Bettarini, S., Calderini, G., Carpinelli, M., Cenci, R., Forti, F., A. Giorgi, M., Lusiani, A., Marchiori, G., A. Mazur, M., Morganti, M., Neri, N., Paoloni, E., Rizzo, G., J. Walsh, J., Haire, M., Biesiada, J., Elmer, P., P. Lau, Y., Lu, C., Olsen, J., J. S. Smith, A., V. Telnov, A., Bellini, F., Cavoto, G., D'orazio, A., Del Re, D., Di Marco, E., Faccini, R., Ferrarotto, F., Ferroni, F., Gaspero, M., D. Jackson, P., Li Gioi, L., A. Mazzoni, M., Morganti, S., Piredda, G., Polci, F., Voena, C., Ebert, M., Schr¨oder, H., Waldi, R., Adye, T., Castelli, G., Franek, B., O. Olaiya, E., Ricciardi, S., Roethel, W., F. Wilson, F., Aleksan, R., Emery, S., Escalier, M., Gaidot, A., Ganzhur, S.F., Hamel De Monchenault, G., Kozanecki, W., Legendre, M., Vasseur, G., Yeche, C., Zito, M., R. Chen, X., Liu, H., Park, W., V. Purohit, M., R. Wilson, J., T. Allen, M., Aston, D., Bartoldus, R., Bechtle, P., Berger, N., Claus, R., P. Coleman, J., R. Convery, M., C. Dingfelder, J., Dorfan, J., P. Dubois-Felsmann, G., Dujmic, D., Dunwoodie, W., C. Field, R., Glanzman, T., J. Gowdy, S., T. Graham, M., Grenier, P., Halyo, V., Hast, C., Hryn'ova, T., R. Innes, W., H. Kelsey, M., Kim, P., W. G. S. Leith, D., Li, S., Luitz, S., Luth, V., L. Lynch, H., B. Macfarlane, D., Marsiske, H., Messner, R., R. Muller, D., P. O'grady, C., E. Ozcan, V., Perazzo, A., Perl, M., Pulliam, T., N. Ratcliff, B., Roodman, A., A. Salnikov, A., H. Schindler, R., Schwiening, J., Snyder, A., Stelzer, J., Su, D., K. Sullivan, M., Suzuki, K., K. Swain, S., M. Thompson, J., Va'vra, J., Van Bakel, N., P. Wagner, A., Weaver, M., J. Wisniewski, W., Wittgen, M., H. Wright, D., W. Wulsin, H., K. Yarritu, A., Yi, K., C. Young, C., R. Burchat, P., J. Edwards, A., A. Majewski, S., A. Petersen, B., Wilden, L., Ahmed, S., S. Alam, M., Bula, R., A. Ernst, J., Jain, V., Pan, B., A. Saeed, M., R. Wappler, F., B. Zain, S., Bugg, W., Krishnamurthy, M., M. Spanier, S., Eckmann, R., L. Ritchie, J., J. Schilling, C., F. Schwitters, R., M. Izen, J., C. Lou, X., Ye, S., Bianchi, F., Gallo, F., Gamba, D., Pelliccioni, M., Bomben, M., Bosisio, L., Cartaro, C., Cossutti, F., Della Ricca, G., Lanceri, L., Vitale, L., Azzolini, V., Lopez-March, N., Martinez-Vidal, F., Oyanguren, A., Albert, J., Banerjee, Sw., Bhuyan, B., Hamano, K., Kowalewski, R., M. Nugent, I., M. Roney, J., J. Sobie, R., J. Back, J., F. Harrison, P., E. Latham, T., B. Mohanty, G., Pappagallo, M., R. Band, H., Chen, X., Dasu, S., T. Flood, K., J. Hollar, J., E. Kutter, P., Mellado, B., Pan, Y., Pierini, M., Prepost, R., L. Wu, S., Yu, Z., and Neal, H.

Abstract

We present a study of the decays B+ -> rho+ gamma, B0 -> rho0 gamma, and B0 -> omega gamma. The analysis is based on data containing 347 million BBbar events recorded with the BaBar detector at the PEP-II asymmetric B factory. We measure the branching fractions BR(B+ -> rho+ gamma) = (1.10 +0.37/-0.33 +/- 0.09) x 10-6 and BR(B0 -> rho0 gamma) = (0.79 +0.22/-0.20 +/- 0.06) x 10-6, and set a 90% C.L. upper limit BR(B0 -> omega gamma) < 0.78 x 10-6. We also measure the isospin-averaged branching fraction BR(B->rho/omega gamma) = (1.25 +0.25/-0.24 +/- 0.09) x 10-6, from which we determine |Vtd/Vts| = 0.200 +0.021/-0.020 +/- 0.015, where the first uncertainty is experimental and the second is theoretical.

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20. Cryptosporidium infection in a veal calf cohort in France: molecular characterization of species in a longitudinal study

Author

Follet Jérôme, Guyot Karine, Leruste Hélène, Follet-Dumoulin Anne, Hammouma-Ghelboun Ourida, Certad Gabriela, Dei-Cas Eduardo, and Halama Patrice

Subjects
Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Abstract Feces from 142 animals were collected on 15 farms in the region of Brittany, France. Each sample was directly collected from the rectum of the animal and identified with the ear tag number. Animals were sampled three times, at 5, 15 and 22 weeks of age. After DNA extraction from stool samples, nested PCR was performed to amplify partial 18S-rDNA and 60 kDa glycoprotein genes of Cryptosporidium. The parasite was detected on all farms. One hundred out of 142 calves (70.4%) were found to be parasitized by Cryptosporidium. Amplified fragments were sequenced for Cryptosporidium species identification and revealed the presence of C. parvum (43.8%), C. ryanae (28.5%), and C. bovis (27%). One animal was infected with Cryptosporidium ubiquitum. The prevalence of these species was related to the age of the animal. C. parvum caused 86.7% of Cryptosporidium infections in 5-week-old calves but only 1.7% in 15-week-old animals. The analysis of the results showed that animals could be infected successively by C. parvum, C. ryanae, and C. bovis for the study period. C. parvum gp60 genotyping identifies 6 IIa subtypes of which 74.5% were represented by IIaA15G2R1. This work confirms previous studies in other countries showing that zoonotic C. parvum is the dominant species seen in young calves.

Published
2011
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21. Study of the economic impact of cryptosporidiosis in calves after implementing good practices to manage the disease on dairy farms in Belgium, France, and the Netherlands.

Author

Roblin M, Canniere E, Barbier A, Daandels Y, Dellevoet-Groenewegen M, Pinto P, Tsaousis A, Leruste H, Brainard J, Hunter PR, and Follet J

Abstract

Cryptosporidium spp. are widespread parasitic protozoans causing enteric infections in humans and animals. The parasites cause neonatal diarrhoea in calves, leading to a high mortality rate in the first three weeks. Losses are significant for farmers, but the cost of cryptosporidiosis remains poorly documented. In the absence of a vaccine, only preventive measures are available to farmers to combat the infection. This study, conducted between 2018 and 2021, aimed to evaluate the economic impact of Cryptosporidium spp. on European dairy farms and monitor changes in costs after implementing disease management measures. First, a field survey was carried out and questionnaires administered to 57 farmers in Belgium, France, and the Netherlands. The aim of the survey was to assess the losses associated with the occurrence of diarrhoea in calves aged between 3 days and 3 weeks. The economic impact of diarrhoea was calculated based on mortality losses, health expenditures, and additional labour costs. To refine the cost estimation specifically for Cryptosporidium spp., stool samples were collected from 10 calves per farm. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was determined, and the economic impact of diarrhoea was adjusted accordingly. The assumption was made that a certain percentage of costs was attributed to cryptosporidiosis based on the prevalence. These protocols were repeated at the end of the study to observe changes in costs. In the three years, the cost of diarrhoea for the 28 farms that stayed in the panel all along the study improved from €140 in 2018 to €106 on average per diarrhoeic calf in 2021. With a stable prevalence at 40%, the cost of cryptosporidiosis per infected calf decreased from €60.62 to €45.91 in Belgium, from €43.83 to €32.14 in France, and from €58.24 to €39.48 in the Netherlands. This represented an average of €15 saved per infected calf. The methodology employed in this study did not allow us to conclude that the improvement is strictly due to the implementation of preventive measures. However, with 11 million calves raised in the Interreg 2 Seas area covered by the study, it provided valuable insights into the economic burden of Cryptosporidium spp., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Published
2023
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22. Foraging Behavior Shows Individual-Consistency Over Time, and Predicts Range Use in Slow-Growing Free-Range Male Broiler Chickens.

Author

Ferreira VHB, Simoni A, Germain K, Leterrier C, Lansade L, Collin A, Mignon-Grasteau S, Le Bihan-Duval E, Guettier E, Leruste H, Løvlie H, Calandreau L, and Guesdon V

Abstract

Recent research on free-range chickens shows that individual behavioral differences may link to range use. However, most of these studies explored individual behavioral differences only at one time point or during a short time window, assessed differences when animals were out of their social group and home environment (barn and range), and in specific tests or situations. Therefore, it is yet unclear how different behaviors relate to range use and how consistent these behaviors are at the individual level. To fill this gap, we here aimed to describe the behavioral budget of slow-growing male broiler chickens (S757N) when in their social group and home environment during the whole rearing period (from the second week of life to the twelfth week, before slaughter), and to relate observed behavioral differences to range use. For this, we followed a sample of individuals in two flocks ( n = 60 focal chickens out of 200 chickens per flock), over two seasons, during three periods: before range access (from 14 to 25 days old), during early range access (first weeks of range access, from 37 to 53 days old), and during late range access (last weeks of range access, from 63 to 87 days old). By the end of each period, individual tests of exploration and social motivation were also performed, measuring exploration/activity and sociability propensities. Our results show that foraging (i.e., pecking and scratching at the ground) was the only behavior that correlated to range use for all three rearing periods, independent of the season. Foraging was also the only behavior that showed within-individual consistency from an early age and across the three rearing periods. Foraging may, therefore, serve as a useful behavioral predictor of range use in free-range broiler chickens. Our study increases the knowledge of how behaviors develop and relate to each other in a domesticated and intensely selected species, and improves our understanding of the biology of free-range broiler chickens. These findings can, ultimately, serve as a foundation to increase range use and improve chicken welfare., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Ferreira, Simoni, Germain, Leterrier, Lansade, Collin, Mignon-Grasteau, Le Bihan-Duval, Guettier, Leruste, Løvlie, Calandreau and Guesdon.)

Published
2022
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23. Cross-Border Investigations on the Prevalence and Transmission Dynamics of Cryptosporidium Species in Dairy Cattle Farms in Western Mainland Europe.

Author

Pinto P, Ribeiro CA, Hoque S, Hammouma O, Leruste H, Détriché S, Canniere E, Daandels Y, Dellevoet M, Roemen J, Barbier Bourgeois A, Kváč M, Follet J, and Tsaousis AD

Abstract

Cryptosporidium is an apicomplexan parasitic protist, which infects a wide range of hosts, causing cryptosporidiosis disease. In farms, the incidence of this disease is high in animals such as cows, leading to extensive economic loss in the livestock industry. Infected cows may also act as a major reservoir of Cryptosporidium spp., in particular C. parvum , the most common cause of cryptosporidiosis in these animals. This poses a risk to the trading of livestock, to other farms via breeding centres, and to human health. This study is a part of a global project aimed at strategies to tackle cryptosporidiosis. To reach this target, it was essential to determine whether prevalence was dependent on the studied countries or if the issue was borderless. Indeed, C. parvum occurrence was assessed across dairy farms in certain regions of Belgium, France, and the Netherlands. At the same time, the animal-to-animal transmission of the circulating C. parvum subtypes was studied. To accomplish this, we analysed 1084 faecal samples, corresponding to 57 dairy farms from all three countries. To this end, 18S rRNA and gp60 genes fragments were amplified, followed by DNA sequencing, which was subsequently used for detection and subtyping C. parvum . Bioinformatic and phylogenetic methods were integrated to analyse and characterise the obtained DNA sequences. Our results show 25.7%, 24.9% and 20.8% prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in Belgium, France, and the Netherlands respectively. Overall, 93% of the farms were Cryptosporidium positive. The gp60 subtyping demonstrated a significant number of the C. parvum positives belonged to the IIa allelic family, which has been also identified in humans. Therefore, this study highlights how prevalent C. parvum is in dairy farms and further suggests cattle as a possible carrier of zoonotic C. parvum subtypes, which could pose a threat to human health.

Published
2021
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24. Working for food is related to range use in free-range broiler chickens.

Author

Ferreira VHB, Simoni A, Germain K, Leterrier C, Lansade L, Collin A, Mignon-Grasteau S, Le Bihan-Duval E, Guettier E, Leruste H, Calandreau L, and Guesdon V

Subjects
Animal Feed, Animals, Environment, Farms, Male, Tenebrio, Chickens physiology, Exploratory Behavior physiology, Feeding Behavior psychology, Motivation physiology, Walking physiology
Abstract

When animals prefer to make efforts to obtain food instead of acquiring it from freely available sources, they exhibit what is called contrafreeloading. Recently, individual differences in behavior, such as exploration, were shown to be linked to how prone an individual may be to contrafreeload. In this work, our main objective was to test whether and how individual differences in range use of free-range broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) were related to the individual motivation to contrafreeload. We also verified whether other behavioral variations could relate to range use. To that aim, over three different periods (before range access, first weeks of range access, and last weeks of range access), chickens with different ranging levels (low and high rangers) were submitted to a contrafreeloading test and had different behaviors recorded (such as foraging, resting, locomotion) in their home environment. During the contrafreeloading test, chickens were conditioned to one chamber presenting a foraging substrate and mealworms, while in the other chamber, mealworms were freely available on the floor. During testing trials, chickens had access to both empty chambers, and the time spent in each chamber was quantified. On average, low rangers preferred the chamber where mealworms were easily accessible (without the foraging substrate), while high rangers preferred the chamber where mealworms were accessible with difficulty, showing greater contrafreeloading. Out of ten behaviors recorded in chickens' home environment, foraging was the only one that differed significantly between our two ranging groups, with low rangers foraging, on average, significantly less than high rangers. These results corroborate previous experiences suggesting that range use is probably linked to chickens' exploratory trait and suggest that individual differences in free-range broiler chickens are present even before range access. Increasing our knowledge of individual particularities is a necessary step to improve free-range chicken welfare on the farm.

Published
2021
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