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Eight methods were compared to estimate dairy goat body composition, by calibrating against chemical composition measured post-mortem. The methods tested on 20 Alpine goats were body condition score (BCS), 3D imaging assessment of BCS or whole body scan, ultrasound, computer tomography (CT), adipose cell diameter, deuterium oxide dilution space (D2OS) and bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy. Regressions were tested between predictive variates and empty body composition. The best equations for estimation of lipid mass included body weight combined with i) perirenal adipose tissue mass and cell diameter (R² = 0.95), ii) volume of fatty tissues measured by CT (R² = 0.92), or iii) D2OS (R² = 0.91). The best equations for estimation of protein mass combined body weight with D2OS (R² = 0.97) or sternal BCS (R² = 0.95). Whole body 3D imaging method and ultrasound measurements were not satisfactory estimators of body composition (R² ≤ 0.40)., Huit méthodes ont été comparées pour phénotyper la composition corporelle chez 20 chèvres laitières : la note d’état corporel (NEC), l’imagerie 3D pour estimer la NEC et reconstituer le corps entier, l’échographie, la tomodensitométrie (CT), le diamètre des adipocytes, l’espace de diffusion de l’eau deutérée (EDD2O) et l’impédancemétrie. Les différentes variables issues des méthodes testées ont été incluses dans des régressions linéaires pour déterminer la composition chimique du corps vide mesurée après abattage. Les équations les plus précises pour l’estimation de la masse de lipides combinent le poids vif et i) le poids total et le diamètre des adipocytes du tissu adipeux périrénal (R² = 0,95), ii) le volume des tissus gras mesuré par CT (R² = 0,92) ou iii) l’EDD2O (R² = 0,91). Les meilleures équations d’estimation de la masse de protéines incluent le poids vif et l’EDD2O (R² = 0,97) ou la NEC sternale (R² = 0,95). L’imagerie 3D corps entier et les mesures échographiques ne semblent pas être de bons estimateurs de la composition corporelle (R² ≤ 0.40).

[Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]DTAM [Axe_IRSTEA]DTAM1-REPRO; International audience; In response to the decreasing number of dairy farms and associated workers, municipalities of the Saint-Flour area (Cantal, France) commissioned a study which aimed to better understand and describe the structures and common strategies to putatively robust dairy farms. Fifteen farms were selected and surveyed for their putative robustness. Four main successful strategies associated with improved robustness towards economic, social and environmental risks were highlighted: i) to prioritize forage autonomy through a maximization of grass use and parsimonious concentrate feeding and purchase, ii) to enhance milk paid in link with its intrinsic quality (increases of milk solids contents…) and/or through the milk delivery to dairy plants oriented to high value-added markets, iii) to diversify the income sources with enhancement of the meat byproduct from the dairy herd and/or with the introduction of a suckling cow/ewe herd, or a farmhouse cheese plant, and iv) to reduce structural expenses by subcontracting tasks or by cooperative use of agricultural equipment and/or by very limited investments in equipment and building. Based on this assessment, a panel of proposals will be proposed to stakeholders and decision makers in order to promote those successful strategies via extension programs.

© 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, WeinheimVaporization enthalpies of five different imidazolium based Tunable Aryl Alkyl Ionic Liquids (TAAILs) with a common bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([NTf2]) anion were measured using a Quartz Crystalline Microbalance (QCM) and by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The counter anion and the alkyl chain of these imidazolium-based ionic liquids with one N-aryl and one N-alkyl substituent were kept constant to study the influence of the ortho- and para-substituted aryl moieties on the vaporization enthalpies of these ionic liquids. For comparison, enthalpies of vaporization measured at elevated temperatures were adjusted to the reference temperature 298 K. Structure-property relations between TAAILs and similarly shaped corresponding 1-(R-phenyl)-imidazoles were analyzed. An incremental approach to predict vaporization enthalpies of ionic liquids by group contributions was suggested. The procedure is based on vaporization enthalpy of a starting IL and group contributions well established from molecular compounds.

Aim Treatment of distal radius fractures with the volar locking plate provides a stable fixation and early postoperative function. However, after intramedullary osteosynthesis systems for long bones had been established an intramedullary locking nail (Targon DR, Aesculap) for treatment of distal radius fractures was developed. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the outcomes after volar locking plate osteosynthesis (Aptus, Medartis) and intramedullary osteosynthesis (Targon DR nail) for the distal radius. Method Between 01/07 and 11/07 13 patients (average age: 60 [30-83] years) with distal radius fractures treated with the Targon DR nail were compared to 12 patients (average age: 57 [20-78] years) treated with a volar locking plate (Aptus, Medartis). Follow-up of the Targon DR group was 5.0 (1.9-8.9) months and 8.5 (2.1-11.6) months for the Aptus group. Parameters were: "Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand" (DASH), Gartland-Werley and Martini scores, range of motion (ROM) and radiological parameters. Results The Targon DR group achieved "good" results in the Gartland-Werley score with 6.9 (0-13) points and in the Martini score with 29.9 (20-38) points. A "good" result in the Gartland-Werley score (6.5 [3-11] points) and a "satisfactory" outcome with 27.9 (19-33) points in the Martini score were recorded in the Aptus group. The DASH score showed a higher subjective satisfaction after treatment with the Targon DR nail with 14 (0-39) compared to 23 (4-73) points after treatment with volar plating. ROM in both groups was not significantly different. The Targon DR group achieved an extension/flexion of 99 degrees, an ulnar/radial duction of 50 degrees and a supination/pronation of 139 degrees. After treatment with the volar locking plate the patients showed an extension/flexion of 103 degrees, an ulnar/radial duction of 57 degrees and a supination/pronation of 145 degrees. Postoperative radiographs revealed a better palmar inclination in the Aptus group (-2.5 degrees vs. 5.5 degrees) whereas reconstruction of the radial length was more successful in the Targon DR group (0.8 vs. -0.3 mm). Conclusion The compared osteosynthesis systems achieved equally good functional outcomes after distal radius fractures. However, patients treated with the Targon DR nail showed a superior subjective satisfaction, probably because of the less invasive surgical approach.

Fragestellung: Die arthroskopische Abtragung hat sich als minimal-invasive Behandlungsmethode der Wahl beim FAI vom CAM-Typ etabliert. Anders als bei der offenen Rekonturierung nach chirurgischer Hüftluxation mit vorhandenen Schablonen zur Kontrolle der Resektionshöhe, erfolgt die arthroskopische[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], Deutscher Kongress für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie (DKOU 2014)