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Os dados de altimetria de satélite (1993-2020) são utilizados para analisar as correntes geostróficas e a Topografia Dinâmica Absoluta (ADT) do Golfo de Cádis (GoC). O estudo do ADT anual mostrou que a subida do nível do mar do GoC está bem dentro da tendência global. A análise sazonal do ADT e dos fluxos geostróficos mostrou um padrão bilateral. Nos meses de Verão, ocorrem fortes correntes equatoriais sobre a área da plataforma, enquanto que as correntes no interior do GoC são mais fracas. No Inverno, contudo, as correntes do Equador sobre a área da prateleira são mais fracas e mais fortes no interior do GoC. Dois mecanismos em particular poderiam ser identificados para estes padrões opostos: (1) a ocorrência de ventos fortes a norte, que formam frentes de afloramento sobre a plataforma no Verão, e (2) a Corrente dos Açores que atinge e influencia os fluxos no interior do GoC no Inverno. Além disso, são explorados os efeitos das variações do nível da água nos padrões de circulação na plataforma norte do GoC. O ADT e as circulações são comparados com medições in situ utilizando medidores de marés e Perfis Acústicos de Corrente Doppler (ADCP), respectivamente. Foi demonstrado que o ADT tem correlações moderadas a boas com as medições de marés. Não foi possível encontrar correspondência clara entre a direcção do fluxo alongshore e o declive alongshore. Isto pode ser devido ao erro do ADT perto da costa. Além disso, os dados do Radar de Alta Frequência (HFR) são utilizados para examinar a relação entre o ADT e a Corrente Contadora Costeira (CCC) estabelecida durante cinco exemplos com as mais fortes variações do ADT. Demonstra-se que o ADT era adequado para identificar gradientes de pressão alongshore desequilibrados, que são condutores plausíveis do CCC para os exemplos analisados. As medições do HFR revelaram que os fluxos de fluxo em direcção aos pólos atingem a sua velocidade máxima dois dias após a inclinação alongshore se tornar desequilibrada. Satellite altimetry data (1993-2020) is used to analyze the geostrophic currents and Absolute Dynamic Topography (ADT) of the Gulf of Cadiz (GoC). The study of the annual ADT showed that the sea level rise of the GoC is well within the global trend. The seasonal analysis of ADT and geostrophic flows showed a bilateral pattern. In the summer months, strong equatorward currents occur over the shelf area, whereas the currents in the interior of the GoC are weaker. In winter, however the equatorward currents over the shelf area are weaker and stronger at the interior of the GoC. Two mechanisms in particular could be identified for these countervailing patterns: (1) the occurrence of strong northerly winds, which form upwelling fronts over the shelf in summer, and (2) the Azores Current which reaches and influences the flows in the interior of the GoC in winter. Further, the effects of water level variations on circulation patterns at the northern shelf of the GoC are explored. The ADT and circulations are compared with in situ measurements using tidal gauges and Acoustic Doppler Current Profiles (ADCP), respectively. It was shown that the ADT has moderate to good correlations to tidal gauge measurements. No clear correspondence between the alongshore flow direction and alongshore slope could be found. This might be due to the ADT error near the coast. Moreover, High Frequency Radar (HFR) data is used to examine the relation between ADT and Coastal Counter Current (CCC) set up during five examples with strongest ADT variations. It is shown that the ADT was suitable to identify unbalanced alongshore pressure gradients, which are plausible drivers of the CCC for the analyzed examples. The HFR measurements revealed that poleward flows reach their maximum velocity two days after the alongshore slope becomes unbalanced.

We should use the word “Health Care Safety” instead of “Patient Safety,” because in cases of malpractice the people who are in charge of treatment of patients can be “second victims.” The typical damage case occurs to an above-average employee in a risk-prone discipline after working in the job for 20 years often between Friday afternoon and Sunday more often in the months of January, March or July due to a preceding communication error and a missing assertiveness of a person who is involved in the case. Very often, health professionals do not know how to react in case of malpractice or emergency from a legal point of view. The patient or his family contact a lawyer immediately, but who helps the health professionals to cope with the case? The Vienna General Hospital (VGH) is one of the biggest in the world. In 1999, the project “Risk Management” was initiated by the Legal Department. The aim at this time was: “Minus 50% concerning cases and more than 50% less costs in the next ten years (2000–2010).” In 2010, the aim was reached and the positive trend is still continuing, but how did it work? The VGH in cooperation with the Vienna Insurance Group created a complete new form of quick help in case of emergency: the so-called “Legal Emergency Kit.” It represents a handy plastic case on which a paragraph is stamped. A special checklist tells what to do in case of legal emergency. The legal practitioner of the VGH can be called at any time via mobile phone. The malpractice cases are analysed in a retrospective damage analysis, which helps to avoid errors and damages in the future.

V magistrski nalogi smo se posvetili analizi in izzivom večjezične komunikacije tujih Erasmus in CEEPUS študentov Univerze v Mariboru v povezavi s tolmačenjem za potrebe skupnosti, ki v zadnjem obdobju dobiva na pomenu zaradi globalizacije in pospešenega mednarodnega sodelovanja. Analizirali smo razvojne smernice, ki vključujejo proces internacionalizacije vseh treh javnih slovenskih univerz (Univerza v Mariboru, Univerza v Ljubljani in Univerza na Primorskem). Na Univerzi v Mariboru je internacionalizacija označena kot steber razvoja univerze, saj naj bi spodbujala večjo odprtost v mednarodno okolje in večje sodelovanje s partnerji v evropskem in globalnem prostoru na področjih izobraževalne, znanstvenoraziskovalne, razvojne in druge dejavnosti. V tem kontekstu smo pojasnili pomen in vlogo internacionalizacije univerz glede na večkulturno in večjezično sporazumevanje ter razlike pri njenem uresničevanju na posameznih slovenskih univerzah. Preučili smo pomen in vlogo programov mobilnosti, ki krepijo mednarodno sodelovanje na področju izobraževanja in znanosti. Osredinili smo se na program Erasmus, ki študentom omogoča mednarodne študijske izmenjave in nabiranje izkušenj v tujini, univerzam pa promocijo v mednarodnem okolju. Predstavili smo zgodovino programa Erasmus in navedli letne statistike o številu prihodov tujih študentov v Republiko Slovenijo in na Univerzo v Mariboru (s poudarkom na statistikah zadnjih petih let) ter na podlagi le-teh prikazali trende glede števila izmenjav in s tem v povezavi potrebo po oblikovanju inovativnih univerzitetnih predmetov, ki omogočajo ozaveščanje glede pomembnosti večjezičnosti v globalnem okolju. V empirični raziskavi smo s pomočjo spletnega intervjuja ugotavljali, kako tuji študenti Univerze v Mariboru doživljajo urejanje potrebne dokumentacije v javnih institucijah. Ker domnevamo, da je v okviru univerze ustrezno in strokovno poskrbljeno za večjezično komunikacijo s tujimi študenti (za koordinacijo tujih študentov skrbi več služb, med drugim Služba za mednarodno sodelovanje Univerze v Mariboru), nas je zanimalo, kako se tuji študenti znajdejo na javnih institucijah (policijska postaja, upravna enota, zdravstvene ustanove, sodišča itd.). V pričujoči raziskavi nas je zanimalo, kje in zakaj so se tuji študenti soočali s komunikacijskimi težavami, na kakšen način so jih premostili in kako vrednotijo večjezičnost in komunikacijske sposobnosti v tujih jezikih mariborskih javnih uslužbencev. The thesis deals with the analysis and challenges of multilingual communication of foreign Erasmus and CEEPUS students at the University of Maribor concerning community interpreting. In recent years, community interpreting has become increasingly important due to globalisation and accelerated international cooperation. We analysed lines of development, including the process of internationalisation at all three public universities in Slovenia (University of Maribor, University of Ljubljana and University of Primorska). At the University of Maribor, internationalisation is regarded as a pillar of development, since it is supposed to promote openness towards the international environment and stimulate cooperation with partners in the European and global area in fields of education, scientific research, development etc. In this context, we elaborated the importance and role of the process of internationalisation at the universities in relation to multicultural and multilingual communication, as well as the differences in the application of internationalisation at the individual universities. Furthermore, we studied the importance and role of mobility programmes, which are designed to strengthen international cooperation in fields of education and science. We focused on the Erasmus programme, which on the one hand enables students to experience international student exchanges and study abroad and on the other hand enables universities to promote themselves in the international environment. We presented the history of the Erasmus programme and listed annual statistics concerning arrivals of foreign students in the Republic of Slovenia and at the University of Maribor (with special emphasis on the last five years). Based on these statistics, we illustrated the trends concerning the number of exchanges and the resultant need to develop innovative university courses in order to enhance the awareness about the importance of multilingualism in a global environment. As part of an empirical study including and online interview, we examined the experience of foreign students at the University of Maribor when dealing with the necessary documentation at public institutions. It was our assumption that multilingual communication with foreign students at the university is implemented accordingly and professionally (coordination of foreign students is in the hands of several departments, among them the International relations office of the University of Maribor). Therefore we were interested in how foreign students manage to find their way at public institutions (police station, administrative unit, health-care institutions, courts etc.). In this thesis we examined where and why did foreign students encounter problems in communication, how did they manage to overcome them, and what did they think of multilingual and communication skills of public officials in Maribor.

Befindet sich ein Patient in Vollnarkose, ist er nicht imstande, den behandelnden Personen uber sein sonst im Normalzustand vorhandenes Schmerzempfinden (rechtzeitig) mitzuteilen, dass seine Lagerungsposition nicht optimal ist und einer Veranderung bedarf. So geschieht es immer wieder, dass ein sich entwickelnder Lagerungsschaden nicht erkannt wird oder eventuell wahrend des Eingriffs auch gar nicht erkannt werden kann. Im Folgenden soll auf die rechtlichen Aspekte der Lagerungsschaden eingegangen werden.