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The bronze bug, Thaumastocoris peregrinus, an Australian native insect, has become a nearly worldwide invasive pest in the last 16 years and has been causing signifcant damage to eucalypts (Myrtaceae), including Eucalyptus spp. and Corymbia spp. Its rapid expansion leads to new questions about pathways and routes that T. peregrinus used to invade other continents and countries. We used mtDNA to characterize specimens of T. peregrinus collected from 10 countries where this species has become established, including six recently invaded countries: Chile, Israel, Mexico, Paraguay, Portugal, and the United States of America. We then combined our mtDNA data with previous data available from South Africa, Australia, and Europe to construct a world mtDNA network of haplotypes. Haplotype A was the most common present in all specimens of sites sampled in the New World, Europe, and Israel, however from Australia second more frequently. Haplotype D was the most common one from native populations in Australia. Haplotype A difers from the two major haplotypes found in South Africa (D and G), confrming that at least two independent invasions occurred, one from Australia to South Africa, and the other one from Australia to South America (A). In conclusion, Haplotype A has an invasion success over many countries in the World. Additionally, analyzing data from our work and previous reports, it is possible to suggest some invasive routes of T. peregrinus to predict such events and support preventive control measures. Made available in DSpace on 2020-09-12T04:36:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leonardo-2020-Machado-et-al-One-maternal-lineage-leads-the-expansion-of-Thaumastocoris-peregrinus.pdf: 3236777 bytes, checksum: 90255ede5fe4812b249279669eee2238 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T17:13:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-12-01 The Thaumastocoris peregrinus spread to eucalyptus plantations in many countries. Chemical control is a questionable measure, mainly due to the environmental impact, high cost and moreover has the use restricted by the forest certifications. Bio-insecticides may have similar efficiency to chemical products to control T. peregrinus. The chemical thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin, acephate and the microbial Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae insecticides were tested at different doses to manage T. peregrinus. The products were sprayed on eucalyptus plants using aircraft and populations of this insect were counted before application and at 1, 14 and 21 days afterwards (DAA). Ten eucalyptus trees were evaluated per plot, with the collection of ten leaves from the middle third of the crown of each tree, and the number of T. peregrinus nymphs and adults obtained per leaf was determined. All the chemical insecticides had similar control at 1 DAA for T. peregrinus nymphs and adults. At 14 DAA, the number of T. peregrinus nymphs and adults on eucalyptus leaves was similar for the chemical and microbial insecticide treatments. At 21 DAA the control efficiency of T. peregrinus nymphs and adults was higher than 80% with all insecticides. The entomopathogenic insecticides have potential for aerial application to control T. peregrinus nymphs and adults and provide viable and environmentally-friendly alternative to manage this pest. Departamento de Proteção Vegetal FCA/UNESP Universidade Estadual Paulista Dow Agrosciences Mogi-Mirim Field Station MIP Florestal JB Biotecnologia Departamento de Fitotecnia Universidade Federal de Viçosa Departamento de Engenharia Florestal Universidade Federal de Viçosa Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária- Embrapa Florestas Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO Universidade Federal de Viçosa Departamento de Proteção Vegetal FCA/UNESP Universidade Estadual Paulista

The plantation and natural forests of South America have been highly impacted by native and exotic pests in recent decades. The interaction of emerging invasive pests, climate change, and timber markets will define the region’s forests, with significant but uncertain ecological changes and economic losses expected. The Southern Cone Forest Health Group (SCFHG), a joint ad hoc initiative run by forest health professionals from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay, aims to strengthen relationships between the forestry industry, stakeholders, academia, and government agencies across the region. Here, we highlight regional strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities to address forest health issues in the region. A regional approach with a strong communication network is relevant for future actions. In the current global scenario of invasive species and climate change, the implementation of practices that incorporate the resilience of forest ecosystems and sustainable management needs to be prioritized in forest policy across the region. Understanding that pests and pathogens do not recognize borders, we call on governments and organizations to support joint actions with agreements and adequate resources to enhance our regional capabilities.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:48:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-12-01 Plants of the genus Eucalyptus, cultivated in many countries, have great importance for the world economy. In Brazil, this culture occupies a total of 5.7 million hectares, but native and exotic insect pests can reduce its productivity. Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero & Dellapé (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae), an exotic Australian pest, damages Eucalyptus plants. Biological control using the egg parasitoid Cleruchoides noackae Lin & Huber (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), Heteroptera predators and entomopathogenic fungi, such as Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, have potential for managing T. peregrinus. Chemical insecticides, including bifenthrin and acetamiprid + bifenthrin, also control this insect. The compatibility of chemical and biological control methods favors integrated pest management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of commercial products based on B. bassiana, M. anisopliae and the chemical bifenthrin on the parasitoid C. noackae and its parasitism on T. peregrinus eggs. The selectivity test followed the standards recommended by the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC). Beauveria bassiana has selectivity to parasitism as well as viability, but was slightly harmful to C. noackae adults; M. anisopliae was innocuous to adults and to the viability of the offspring of this parasitoid, but it reduced the parasitism rate; and bifenthrin did not show selectivity to this parasitoid. Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de Botucatu Empresa GERDAU Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Embrapa Florestas Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM) Departamento de Biologia Geral Universidade Federal de Viçosa Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO Universidade Federal de Viçosa Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de Botucatu

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:41:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-07-01 Background. The necessity of a competent vector for transmission is a primary ecological factor driving the host range expansion of plant arthropod-borne viruses, with vectors playing an essential role in disease emergence. Cassava begomoviruses severely constrain cassava production in Africa. Curiously, begomoviruses have never been reported in cassava in South America, the center of origin for this crop. It has been hypothesized that the absence of a competent vector in cassava is the reason why begomoviruses have not emerged in South America. Methods. We performed a country-wide whitefly diversity study in cassava in Brazil. Adults and/or nymphs of whiteflies were collected from sixty-six cassava fields in the main agroecological zones of the country. A total of 1,385 individuals were genotyped based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I sequences. Results. A high species richness was observed, with five previously described species and two putative new ones. The prevalent species were Tetraleurodes acaciae and Bemisia tuberculata, representing over 75% of the analyzed individuals. Although we detected, for the first time, the presence of Bemisia tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (BtMEAM1) colonizing cassava in Brazil, it was not prevalent. The species composition varied across regions, with fields in the Northeast region showing a higher diversity. These results expand our knowledge of whitefly diversity in cassava and support the hypothesis that begomovirus epidemics have not occurred in cassava in Brazil due to the absence of competent vector populations. However, they indicate an ongoing adaptation process of BtMEAM1 to cassava, increasing the likelihood of begomovirus emergence in this crop. Dep. de Fitopatologia/BIOAGRO Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG Dep. de Proteção Vegetal Universidade Estadual Paulista, SP Faculdade de Engenharia Agronômica Universidade Federal do Pará, PA Instituto Federal do Sudeste de Minas Gerais, MG Dep. de Fitotecnia Universidade Federal do Piauí, PI Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, PA Dep. de Fitotecnia e Fitossanidade Universidade Federal do Paraná, PR Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, SC Centro Multidisciplinar do Campus de Barra Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, BA Centro de Ciências Agrárias/Fitossanidade Universidade Federal de Alagoas, AL Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, GO Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa e Extensão Rural, ES Faculdade de Engenharia Florestal Universidade Federal do Pará, PA Dep. de Proteção Vegetal Universidade Estadual Paulista, SP

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:35:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-10-01 Cleruchoides noackae (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), native to Australia, is the most promising biological control agent for Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae), an exotic Eucalyptus spp. pest in Brazil. The aim of this study was to determine the courtship behaviour, mating and oviposition of unmated or mated C. noackae females parasitizing T. peregrinus eggs utilizing the same rearing system used in biological control programmes in Brazil. The mating behaviour of eleven C. noackae unmated couples was observed and the time taken for males and females to find each other in polystyrene vials and the duration and number of copulations were recorded. Ten unmated or mated females were placed individually in vials with 10 T. peregrinus eggs each, and oviposition behaviour, percentage of eggs inserted and parasitized, viability and sex ratio of emerged C. noackae were recorded. This species lacked defined courtship behaviour and mated in less than an hour after adults’ emergence. The time spent finding the first host, evaluating and inserting the ovipositor was similar for mated and unmated C. noackae females, as well as the frequency of inserted and parasitized eggs and their viability. Mated females took less time to find other host eggs and the sex ratio is female-biased. Occurrence of arrhenotokous parthenogenesis was confirmed. The ability of C. noackae to mate and lay eggs in less than one hour and parasitism of T. peregrinus eggs by females can improve the parasitoid mass rearing and biological control of T. peregrinus. Departament of Plant Protection School of Agricultural Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Campus of Botucatu Instituto Superior de Estudios Forestales CENUR Noreste Sede Tacuarembó Universidad de la República Suzano Papel e Celulose – Mucuri Unity Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária – Embrapa Forestry Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal Universidade Federal dos Vales Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM) Departamento de Biologia Geral/BIOAGRO Universidade Federal de Viçosa Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO Universidade Federal de Viçosa Departament of Plant Protection School of Agricultural Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Campus of Botucatu

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T12:36:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-05-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:33:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-90162019001300255.pdf: 480642 bytes, checksum: 75a2c35e5f57ab4d36de60170700f5ca (MD5) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) Programa Cooperativo sobre Protecao Florestal of the Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Florestais (PROTEF/IPEF) Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero and Dellape (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae) is a sap-sucking insect that has become a major pest of eucalypts. The entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin have the potential to control insect pests. This study evaluated the susceptibility of T. peregrinus to two commercial products based on conidia of 8. bassiana and M. anisopliae. The fungi were sprayed onto adults of T. peregrinus at a concentration of 1 x 10(8) conidia mL(-1) to evaluate their pathogenicity and conidial production on the insect cadavers. Beauveria bassiana caused 100 % mortality, while M. anisopliae caused more than 80 % mortality of T peregrinus adults 11 days after fungi application. The fungi colonized the head and thorax regions and caused high mortality rates through conidial production. Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi B. bassiana and M. anisopliae to T. peregrinus show potential to use these fungi in integrated pest management. Suzan Papel & Celulose Tecnol Florestal, Av Dr Jose Lembo 1010, BR-1820778 Itapetininga, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Fitotecnia, Av PH Rolfs S-N, BR-36570900 Vicosa, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, FCA, Dept Protecao Vegetal, R Jose Barbosa de Barros 1780, BR-18610307 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, FCAT, Rod Comandante Joao Ribeiro de Barros,Km 651, BR-17900000 Dracena, SP, Brazil Dow AgroSci, Estacao Expt Mogi Mirim, Km 71-5, BR-13800970 Mogi Mirim, SP, Brazil Embrapa Florestas, Estr Ribeira,Km 111, BR-83411000 Colombo, PR, Brazil Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Entomol, BIOAGRO, Av PH Rolfs S-N, BR-36570900 Vicosa, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, FCA, Dept Protecao Vegetal, R Jose Barbosa de Barros 1780, BR-18610307 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, FCAT, Rod Comandante Joao Ribeiro de Barros,Km 651, BR-17900000 Dracena, SP, Brazil

Extracts of Matricaria chamomilla, Maytenus ilicifolia and Echinodorus grandiflorus have been integrated as viable pest management strategy for controlling bronze bug Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemipetra: Thaumastocoridae) due to their insecticidal activities. However, the side effects of these extracts on Cleruchoides noackae (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), the main biological control agent against the bronze bug of eucalyptus, have never been studied. The objective of this study was to verify the effect of 5% aqueous extracts of M. chamomilla, M. ilicifolia and E. grandiflorus on C. noackae. Tests with eggs treated before being offered to the parasitoid female (pre-parasitism) and tests on which the eggs were treated 1 and 7 days after the female had performed oviposition (post-parasitism) were carried out. There was no difference between the treatments and the control group regarding parasitoid emergence in none of the tests. Although, there was increase in egg viability and number of emerged parasitoids when comparing the eggs treated 1 and 7 days after parasitism for all treatments. In conclusion, none of the plant extracts caused any harmful effect on C. noackae under lab conditions, indicating they may be an environment-friendly option to control the bronze bug of eucalyptus.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T12:39:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-07-15 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) Programa Cooperativo sobre Protecao Florestal/PROTEF do Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Florestais/IPEF Temperature affects the development, population dynamics, reproduction and population size of insects. Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero et Dellape (Heteroptera: Thaumastocoridae) is a eucalyptus pest. The objective of this study was to determine biological and life table parameters of T. peregrinus on Eucalyptus benthamii at five temperatures (18 degrees C; 22 degrees C; 25 degrees C; 27 degrees C and 30 degrees C) with a relative humidity (RH) of 70 +/- 10% and photoperiod of 12 hours. The duration of each instar and the longevity of this insect were inversely proportional to the temperature, regardless of sex. The nymph stage of T. peregrinus was 36.4 days at 18 degrees C and 16.1 days at 30 degrees C. The pre-oviposition period was 5.1 days at 30 degrees C and 13.1 days at 18 degrees C and that of oviposition was 7.6 days at 30 degrees C and 51.2 days at 22 degrees C. The generation time (T) of T. peregrinus was 27.11 days at 22 degrees C and 8.22 days at 30 degrees C. Lower temperatures reduced the development and increased the life stage duration of T. peregrinus. Optimum temperatures for T. peregrinus development and reproduction were 18 and 25 degrees C, respectively. Empresa Brasileira Pesquisa Agropecuaria Embrapa, BR-83411000 Colombo, Parana, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Escola Super Agr Luiz Queiroz, Dept Entomol & Acarol, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agronom, Dept Protecao Vegetal, BR-18610307 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Fitotecnia, BR-36570900 Vicosa, MG, Brazil Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Engn Florestal, BR-36570900 Vicosa, MG, Brazil Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Entomol BIOAGRO, BR-36570900 Vicosa, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agronom, Dept Protecao Vegetal, BR-18610307 Botucatu, SP, Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:21:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-01-01 The blue gum chalcid, Leptocybe invasa Fisher & LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), causes galls on Eucalyptus spp. leaf midribs, petioles and stems. Biological aspects need to be studied to assist in developing management strategies and to maintain this insect in the laboratory to rear the parasitoid Selitrichodes neseri Kelly & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) that depends on having a supply of Eucalyptus seedlings infested by L. invasa. We evaluated the longevity and survival of L. invasa individual non reproductive females fed with six different diets (pure honey, 50% honey solution, pure honey plus eucalyptus leaves, eucalyptus leaves, distilled water, or no food) and seven different temperatures (10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30 and 34 °C). Leptocybe invasa fed with 50% honey solution and reared at 14 or 18 °C showed the greatest longevity and survival. Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas Departamento de Proteção Vegetal UNESP (São Paulo State University) Embrapa Florestas Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Bioestatística UNESP (São Paulo State University) Departamento de Fitotecnia Universidade Federal de Viçosa Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO Universidade Federal de Viçosa Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas Departamento de Proteção Vegetal UNESP (São Paulo State University) Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Bioestatística UNESP (São Paulo State University)

Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero and Dellape, 2006 (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae) is an exotic insect that causes losses in the production of Eucalyptus sp. The egg parasitoid Cleruchoides noackae Lin and Huber, 2007 (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) is the principal biological control agent of T. peregrinus. Essential oil, including Eugenia uniflora (L.) have a potential for managing this pest. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of E. uniflora to T. peregrinus and the selectivity of this oil on the parasitoid C. noackae and its parasitism on T. peregrinus. Toxicity of E. uniflora essential oil was tested at different concentrations to eggs, nymphs and adults of T. peregrinus. The selectivity of this oil was also evaluated in the pre- and post-parasitism of C. noackae on T. peregrinus eggs. The essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography. Eugenia uniflora essential oil at 0.75% concentration showed insecticidal potential on T. peregrinus adults, nymphs and eggs, and was safer to C. noackae when applied one day after parasitism than pre-parasitism and 7-day post-parasitism. The major compounds found in the E. uniflora essential oil were calamen-10-one (20.20%), silfiperferol-6-em-5-one (10.06%), and germacrone (6.61%). Under laboratory conditions E. uniflora essential oil showed an insecticidal effect to different life stages of T. peregrinus, but it is selective for egg parasitoid C. noackae just one day after the parasitism occurs. Further studies should be carried out on eucalyptus plantations.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Outra Agência Essential oils from botanical extracts used for insect pest control should be both effective and have low impact on natural enemies. The objective was to evaluate the effects of ten essential oils on the biological and reproductive parameters in two Trichogramma galloi Zucchi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) generations. The emergence F1 generation of T. galloi was reduced by more than 30% with Allium sativum, Carapa guianensis, Citrus sinensis, Neem and Syzygium aromaticum. Zingiber officinale reduced the T. galloi emergence of the F1 and F2 generations by between 30 and 99%. The longevity of the F1 generation was reduced by more than 50% with Z. officinale at the pre-pupae and pupae stages. All oils reduced the parasitism rate of the F1 generation in the egg-larva and pre-pupa stages. Allium sativum, C. guianensis and C. sinensis, Neem and Origanum vulgare reduced parasitism by between 30 and 79%. Zingiber officinale was slightly and moderately harmful to the F1 and F2 generations, respectively, for the T. galloi parasitism. The sex ratio of the two T. galloi generations was not affected by the essential oils. The low side effects of the oils on the F2 generation, except for Z. officinale (the most harmful oil), suggest that T. galloi developed some post-transgenerational tolerance/resistance mechanisms to these oils and/or their components. The A. sativum, C. guianensis, C. sinensis, Neem, O. vulgare, S. aromaticum and Z. officinale oils were not selective for T. galloi. Mentha piperita, Piper nigrum and Thymus vulgaris essential oils can be included in integrated pest management programs for this parasitoid.

Temperature affects the development, population dynamics, reproduction and population size of insects. Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero et Dellape (Heteroptera: Thaumastocoridae) is a eucalyptus pest. The objective of this study was to determine biological and life table parameters of T. peregrinus on Eucalyptus benthamii at five temperatures (18 °C; 22 °C; 25 °C; 27 °C and 30 °C) with a relative humidity (RH) of 70 ± 10% and photoperiod of 12 hours. The duration of each instar and the longevity of this insect were inversely proportional to the temperature, regardless of sex. The nymph stage of T. peregrinus was 36.4 days at 18 °C and 16.1 days at 30 °C. The pre-oviposition period was 5.1 days at 30 °C and 13.1 days at 18 °C and that of oviposition was 7.6 days at 30 °C and 51.2 days at 22 °C. The generation time (T) of T. peregrinus was 27.11 days at 22 °C and 8.22 days at 30 °C. Lower temperatures reduced the development and increased the life stage duration of T. peregrinus. Optimum temperatures for T. peregrinus development and reproduction were 18 and 25 °C, respectively.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T00:16:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-05-29 The common black field cricket, Gryllus assimilis (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), damages young plants of red cedar, Juniperus virginiana (Cupressaceae); strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa (Rosaceae); sugarcane, Saccharum officinarum (Poaceae); teak, Tectona grandis (Lamiaceae); upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (Malvaceae); and, mainly, Eucalyptus spp. (Myrtaceae). The objective of this study was to investigate the biological and behavioral parameters of this insect in the laboratory and in Eucalyptus spp. plantations in Inhambupe, Bahia State, Brazil. The incubation period and the viability of G. assimilis eggs were 11.87 days and approximately 22%, respectively. The duration of the nymphal stage was 62.34 days with approximately 60% of the nymphs obtained in the laboratory being females. The average number of egg batches per female, eggs per female, and eggs per batch per female of this insect were 25.50, 862.17, and 34.65, respectively. G. assimilis females lived for 76.50 days in the adult stage, and 138.34 days in total, from egg through nymph to adult. Males produced three characteristic sounds: one for the marking of territory, one for courtship, and one when alone. G. assimilis fed primarily on weeds but, in their absence, it damaged young Eucalyptus spp. plants. This paper presents important data on the biology and behavior of G. assimilis; this information may encourage additional biological research, laboratory rearing, and integrated management of this pest. Bracell Ltd., rua Dr. José Tiago Correa, s/n°, bairro Alagoinhas Velha Asia Pacific Resources International Holdings Ltd. (APRIL) PT. Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper (RAPP) Departamento de Ciências Ambientais Universidade Federal de São Carlos Embrapa Florestas Departamento de Proteção Vegetal Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO Universidade Federal de Viçosa Departamento de Proteção Vegetal Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”

Special attention should be given to forest plantings in order to minimize the probability of exotic pest introduction and, consequently, of production losses. The objective of this review was to present, under a historic perspective, the main exotic insects that harm the Brazilian forest sector. Therefore, to better describe the phytosanitary context of introduced forest pests in Brazil, the main information regarding these insects was gathered here. Introduced species and species with a risk of introduction were listed. The following species were registered: 12 exotic introduced species related to eucalyptus, non-quarantine; 9 species related to pine, one quarantine; and 1 species related to teak, quarantine. Overall, the core problems for 57 pest species were addressed, followed by projections on current risks and priorities. Biological control programs and their respective agents were also mentioned. For eucalyptus plantations, the species belonging to the genera Ophelimus and Leptocybe are priorities and should be emphasized. Regarding pine species, the main current concerns are Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (transmitted by species of Monochamus), Rhyacionia frustrana, and Dendroctonus frontalis. Better risk management requires reinforcement of phytosanitary inspections and constant refinement of contingency plans, whose actions include monitoring by visual sampling, employment of sentinel plants, and preventive breeding programs aiming at pest resistance.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T12:31:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-09-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) Programa Cooperativo sobre Protecao Florestal of the Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Florestais Heraclides anchisiades capys (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), Citioica anthonilis (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), and Methona themisto (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) are tree and shrub pests commonly found in urban areas. The parasitism capacity of Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) was evaluated on pupae of these lepidopteran pests as well as on 2 commonly used alternative hosts, Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). The number of parasitoids produced per mg of host pupal biomass was significantly greater on H. anchisiades capys and T. molitor compared with the other 3 lepidopteran species. The mean number of parasitoids emerging per host pupa was also significantly more on H. anchisiades capys compared with C. anthonilis, M. themisto, A. gemmatalis, or T. molitor. All host species tested in this study show the potential to be used in mass rearing P elaeisis in the laboratory. However, the lower parasitism and emergence of P. elaeisis on H. anchisiades capys pupae suggests that this lepidopteran pest may not be a suitable host for this parasitoid in the field. Asia Pacific Resources Int Holdings Ltd APRIL, RAPP, Pangkalan Kerinci 28300, Riau, Indonesia Bahia Specialty Cellulose Copener Florestal Ltda, Rua Dr Jose Tiago Correa S-N, BR-48030480 Alagoinhas, BA, Brazil Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Ciencias Ambientais, BR-18052780 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil Empresa Brasileira Pesquisa Agr, Ctr Nacl Pesquisa Florestas, BR-83411000 Colombo, Parana, Brazil Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Engn Florestal, BR-36570900 Vicosa, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Protecao Vegetal, BR-18603970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Vicosa, BIOAGRO, Dept Entomol, BR-36570900 Vicosa, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Protecao Vegetal, BR-18603970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T17:40:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-09-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Blue gum chalcid, Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), causes galling damage to Eucalyptus species (Myrtaceae) in various regions of the world, but has been controlled effectively by its primary parasitoid, Selitrichodes neseri Kelly & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the recovery of S. neseri after its initial release on Eucalyptus plants in Brazil and to provide data on its biology. Selitrichodes neseri was imported from South Africa to Brazil for the biological control of L. invasa, in Mar 2015, and recovered from Aug 2015 to Dec 2016. Successful recovery of this parasitoid shows its potential to become established in the field. Seedlings of 2 hybrids obtained from crosses between rose gum Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill. ex Maiden and flooded gum Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake and between Eucalyptus sp. and (river red gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. x E. grandis) showed potential as hosts for culture of S. neseri on L. invasa in the laboratory because up until the adult parasitoid emergence these seedlings did not wilt. When reared at 25.1 to 26.0 degrees C, the total number of parasitoids and the proportion of male parasitoids were highest, relative to hosts reared at 26.1 to 27.0 degrees C. Peak emergence of S. neseri occurred 28 d after parasitism. Bahia Specialty Cellulose Copener Florestal Ltda, Rua Dr Jose Tiago Correa S-N, BR-48030480 Alagoinhas, BA, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Protecao Vegetal, BR-18603970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Ciencias Ambientais, BR-18052780 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil Empresa Brasileira Pesquisa Agr, Ctr Nacl Pesquisa Florestas, BR-83411000 Colombo, Parana, Brazil Univ Fed Vicosa, BIOAGRO, Dept Entomol, BR-36570900 Vicosa, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Protecao Vegetal, BR-18603970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil

Estratégias eficientes para controlar o percevejo bronzeado Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero e Dellapé (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae) não estão disponíveis, mas Cleruchoides noackae Lin e Huber (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) parasita ovos desta praga. O parasitismo e o número de parasitoides emergidos por ovo de T. peregrinus foram avaliados em laboratório e em ovos desta praga coletados em campo em uma área de, aproximadamente, 2 hectares, 1 ano após a liberação de C. noackae para verificar o estabelecimento desse parasitoide em plantações de eucalipto, em Minas Gerais, Brasil. A taxa de emergência de C. noackae, de ovos parasitados em laboratório e campo, foi de 53% e 52%, respectivamente. Este inimigo natural foi registrado em todos os dez pontos de amostragem em campo; até dez quilômetros do local em que foi liberado pela primeira vez. O estabelecimento em campo e o potencial de utilização de C. noackae no controle biológico de T. peregrinus foram confirmados. Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-15T00:38:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017LeonardoBioOneEstablishment.pdf: 220347 bytes, checksum: b58370bd6dad3a32041958f74ed6b2f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-27

Entomopathogenic nematodes are effective in controlling soil insects and they are used in agricultural systems. The virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes on crickets (Gryllus L.) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) was evaluated under different conditions in order to select populations for application in the field. Virulence tests with Heterorhabditis amazonensis RSC05, H. amazonensis MC01, Steinernema carpocapsae All (Weiser) and H. amazonensis GL were performed. Evaluations were then made of the concentrations of infective juveniles (100, 200, 400 and 600 infective juveniles per insect); feeding preference with or without choice; and field tests using traps to evaluate insect sampling. All isolates were found to cause mortality in Gryllus sp., and H. amazonensis MC01 and S. carpocapsae All were selected; an increase in concentration resulted in increased insect mortality. Regarding the feeding preference tests, after 16 h there was no feeding in any of the treatments. In treatments with a chance of choice, it was verified that the crickets fed, independently of the presence of the nematodes. In the field tests, 19 live crickets were found in the traps, and, after application of entomopathogenic nematodes in aqueous suspension, 2 live crickets were found. Results suggested that H. amazonensis MC01 was promising in the control of Gryllus sp. under the tested conditions.

Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero and Dellapé (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae), damages eucalyptus plants by sucking their sap. This pest can be controlled by releases of the egg parasitoid Cleruchoides noackae Lin and Huber (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Increasing the survival of this parasitoid is critically important for its mass rearing in order to release large numbers in integrated programs to manage T. peregrinus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the longevity of C. noackae adults fed various honey concentrations at 6 constant temperatures. The longevity of C. noackae was studied by keeping adults in a 1st experiment with 100, 50, or 10% honey solution, with distilled water, or without water and food in climate-controlled chambers at 25 ± 2 °C, 70 ± 10% RH, and a 12:12 h L:D photoperiod and—in a 2nd experiment—with 100% honey at constant temperatures of 15, 18, 21, 25, 28, or 31 °C in a climatic chamber at 70 ± 10% RH and a 12:12 h L:D photoperiod. Each adult parasitoid was held individually in a glass tube capped with plastic wrap under the conditions described, and the survival of adults was recorded daily. The longevity of C. noackae varied with food and temperature such that longevity was enhanced by all honey concentrations and temperatures of 25 °C and below. When fed honey, this parasitoid lived 2 to 3 fold longer when kept at 15, 18, 21, and 25 °C than at 28 and 31 °C. Thus, the parasitoid C. noackae should be mass reared with honey at temperatures from 15 to 25 °C for subsequent distribution of parasitoid adults in eucalyptus plantations for suppressing T. peregrinus. Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero y Dellapé (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae) causa daños a plantas de eucalypto succionando su savia. Este insecto plaga se puede ser controlado mediante liberaciones del parasitoide de huevos Cleruchoides noackae Lin y Huber (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). El aumento de la supervivencia es esencial para producir y utilizar el parasitoide en programas integrado para manejo de T. peregrinus. El objetivo deeste estudio fue evaluar la longevidad de adultos de C. noackae alimentados a diferentes concentraciones de miel en seis temperaturas constantes. La longevidad de C. noackae fue estudiada en un experimento por la alimentación con soluciones de miel de 100, 50, y 10%, agua destilada y sin comida, en cámara climatizada a 25 ± 2 °C, 70 ± 10% de humedad relativa y 12:12 h L: D de fotoperíodo y—en un segundo experimento—con el 100% de miel a temperaturas constantes de 15, 18, 21, 25, 28 y 31 °C en cámaras climatizadas con 70 ± 10% de humedad relativa y 12 h de fotoperíodo. Los adultos del parasitoide fueron individualizados en tubos de vidrio cubiertos con una envoltura de plástico en las condiciones descritas y su supervivencia se registró diariamente. La longevidad de C. noackae varió con el alimento y la temperatura, por lo que la longevidad fue realzada por todas las concentraciones de miel y temperaturas de 25 °C e inferior. El parasitoide alimentado con miel vivió 2-3 veces por más tiempo cuando se mantiene a 15, 18, 21 y 25 °C que a 28 y 31 °C. Por lo tanto, el parasitoide C. noackae debe ser criado con miel a temperaturas de 15 a 25 °C para la posterior distribución de parasitoides adultos en las plantaciones de eucalipto para la supresión de T. peregrinus.