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Ionic liquids (ILs) have been proposed as more efficient and sustainable solvents to replace volatile organic solvents (VOSs). However, the drawbacks associated with their use are still limiting the regular application of bioactive compounds obtained from the processes they mediate as food ingredients. It is true that the number of ILs approved by the Food and Drug Administration for food applications is still low and mainly focused on the ones from the quaternary ammonium family. However, this trend is changing, judging from the evidence that industries are surpassing overgeneralization about ILs (on price and toxicity) and starting to consider the potential and performance of ILs as solvents. Despite the examples of industries applying ILs in their processes, the use of bioactive compounds obtained from IL-based processes as ingredients in food formulations is still a big challenge. The positive influence of carotenoids on diseases associated or originating from the inflammatory scenario including, among others, obesity, is not new. Moreover, it is also well known that the poorest population worldwide does not have the recommended intake of carotenoids, especially those pro-vitaminic A. In an attempt to help answer this issue, dietary supplements containing adequate doses of natural carotenoids are expected to be the solution, or at least, part of the solution for a healthier life, but also, to reduce hunger. Thus, complete studies evaluating the toxicological potential and the real viability of adding these bioactive compounds in food formulations proving (or not!) their safety to consumers and handlers are highly demanded. This work proposes to investigate the potential of carotenoids extracted from Bactris gasipaes feedstocks mediated by an ethanolic solution of an imidazolium-based IL. Thus, male Wistar rats were randomized in six different groups, supplemented or not by carotenoids extracted by IL or VOS, and fed by control- and/or high-fat-diets (HFD). The adipose tissue-liver axis was studied as a model to investigate the influence of the carotenoids on the levels of inflammation and oxidative stress markers. The main results showed that animals supplemented with carotenoids extracted with IL displayed improvements in serum parameters, besides lower metabolic efficiency, and antioxidant response on the liver, even when fed with HFD. However, animals supplemented with carotenoids extracted by VOS showed higher levels of pro-inflammatory markers and huge oxidative stress on the liver. published

Vitamin A (VA) and its pro-vitamin carotenoids are naturally occurring lipophilic compounds involved in several cellular processes and metabolic pathways. Despite their broad spectrum of activities in the general population, dietary deficiencies of these compounds can potentially affect pregnancy outcomes. Since maternal nutritional status and diet composition during pregnancy and lactation can have long-lasting effects in offspring until adulthood, this study presents an overview of VA and the role of pro-VA carotenoids during pregnancy and lactation – the nutrition, metabolism, and biological effects in the offspring. The review aimed to discuss the pro-VA carotenoids and VA-associated pathways and summarize the results with reference to gestational disorders, and VA and pro-VA carotenoids as preventive agents. Also, considering that obesity, overweight, and metabolic diseases are major public health concerns worldwide, fetal and neonatal development is discussed, highlighting the physiological role of these molecules in obesity prevention. This review comprehensively summarizes the current data and shows the potential impact of these compounds on nutritional status in pregnancy and lactation.

Currently, on an industrial scale, synthetic colorants are used in many fields, as well as those extracted with conventional organic solvents (COSs), leading to several environmental issues. Therefore, we developed a sustainable extraction and purification method mediated by ionic liquids (IL), which is considered an alternative high-performance replacement for COSs. Carotenoids are natural pigments with low bioaccessibility (BCT) and bioavailability (BV) but with huge importance to health. To investigate if the BCT and cellular uptake of the carotenoids are modified by the extraction method, we conducted a comparison assay between both extraction procedures (IL vs. COS). For this, we used the Amazonian fruit Bactris gasipaes, a rich source of pro-vitamin A carotenoids, to obtain the extract, which was emulsified and subjected to an in vitro digestion model followed by the Caco-2 cell absorption assay. The bioaccessibility of carotenoids using IL was better than those using COS (33.25%, and 26.84%, respectively). The cellular uptake of the carotenoids extracted with IL was 1.4-fold higher than those extracted using COS. Thus, IL may be a feasible alternative as extraction solvent in the food industry, replacing COS, since, in this study, no IL was present in the final extract.

Propolis is a resinous material rich in flavonoids and involved in several biological activities such as antimicrobial, fungicide, and antiparasitic functions. Conventionally, ethanolic solutions are used to obtain propolis phytochemicals, which restrict their use in some cultures. Given this, we developed an alcohol-free high-performance extractive approach to recover antibacterial and antioxidants phytochemicals from red propolis. Thus, aqueous-solutions of ionic liquids (IL) and eutectic solvents were used and then tested for their total flavonoids, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. The surface-responsive technique was applied regarding some variables, namely, the time of extraction, the number of extractions, and cavitation power (W), to optimize the process (in terms of higher yields of flavonoids and better antioxidant activity). After that, four extractions with the same biomass (repetitions) using 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [C6mim]Cl, under the operational conditions fixed at 3.3 min and 300 W, were able to recover 394.39 ± 36.30 mg RuE. g−1 of total flavonoids, with total antioxidant capacity evaluated up to 7595.77 ± 5.48 μmol TE. g−1dried biomass, besides inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enteritidis bacteria (inhibition halo of 23.0 ± 1.0 and 15.7 ± 2.1, respectively). Aiming at the development of new technologies, the antimicrobial effect also presented by [C6mim]Cl may be appealing, and future studies are required to understand possible synergistic actions with propolis phytochemicals. Thereby, we successfully applied a completely alcohol-free method to obtain antimicrobials phytochemicals and highly antioxidants from red propolis, representing an optimized process to replace the conventional extracts produced until now.

There is a strong industrial interest in the development of greener and more sustainable processes based on the use of renewable resources, and a biorefinery based on marine resources, such as macroalgae, stands as a major opportunity toward that end. In this work, Saccharina latissima (Linnaeus), a brown macroalga, was used as a source of pigments to develop an integrated platform that is able to promote the extraction and separation of chlorophyll and fucoxanthin in one single step. The process was studied, and its operational conditions were optimized with yields of extraction of chlorophyll and fucoxanthin of 4.93 ± 0.22 mgchl·gdrybiomass–1 and 1956 ± 84 μgfuco·gdrybiomass–1, respectively. These results were achieved with extraction systems composed of 84% of an aqueous solution of a tensioactive phosphonium-based ionic liquid (IL) at 350 mM + 16% of sunflower oil, during 40 min, using a solid–liquid ratio of 0.017 gdrybiomass·mLsolvent–1. After the separation of both aqueous IL-rich and oil-rich phases, the IL content in both phases was investigated, the oil phase being free of IL. Envisioning the industrial potential of the process developed in this work, the recovery of the IL from the aqueous IL-rich phase of the initial system was attempted by a back-extraction using organic solvents immiscible in water, being shown that 82% of the IL can be recovered and reused in new cycles of extraction. The environmental and economic impacts of the final process proposed for the extraction and fractionation of chlorophyll and fucoxanthin were evaluated. Different scenarios were considered, but summing up the main results, the solvents’ recycling allowed better results, proving the economic and environmental viability of the overall process. There is a strong industrial interest in the development of greener and more sustainable processes based on the use of renewable resources, and a biorefinery based on marine resources, such as macroalgae, stands as a major opportunity toward that end. In this work, Saccharina latissima (Linnaeus), a brown macroalga, was used as a source of pigments to develop an integrated platform that is able to promote the extraction and separation of chlorophyll and fucoxanthin in one single step. The process was studied, and its operational conditions were optimized with yields of extraction of chlorophyll and fucoxanthin of 4.93 ± 0.22 mgchl·gdrybiomass–1 and 1956 ± 84 μgfuco·gdrybiomass–1, respectively. These results were achieved with extraction systems composed of 84% of an aqueous solution of a tensioactive phosphonium-based ionic liquid (IL) at 350 mM + 16% of sunflower oil, during 40 min, using a solid–liquid ratio of 0.017 gdrybiomass·mLsolvent–1. After the separation of both aqueous IL-rich and oil-rich phases, the IL content in both phases was investigated, the oil phase being free of IL. Envisioning the industrial potential of the process developed in this work, the recovery of the IL from the aqueous IL-rich phase of the initial system was attempted by a back-extraction using organic solvents immiscible in water, being shown that 82% of the IL can be recovered and reused in new cycles of extraction. The environmental and economic impacts of the final process proposed for the extraction and fractionation of chlorophyll and fucoxanthin were evaluated. Different scenarios were considered, but summing up the main results, the solvents’ recycling allowed better results, proving the economic and environmental viability of the overall process.

The search for alternative methods for the extraction of bioactive compounds that are environmentally friendly and safe for human health is emerging. Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) and ionic liquids have been shown to be more efficient than the conventional organic solvents, leading to higher yields of bioactive compounds. However, more important than increasing yields, it is fundamental that the generated extracts preserve their biological effects and are not toxic to humans to represent possible and safe alternatives for food and pharmaceutical applications. Thus, this review aimed to evaluate the most recent works regarding the advantages of using alternative solvents over using conventional solvents by considering the biological effects of the extracts, including antioxidant activity, bioavailability and toxicity.

Large segments of the Brazilian population still suffer from malnutrition and diet-related illnesses. In contrast, many native fruits have biodiversity and are underexploited sources of bioactive compounds and unknown to consumers. The phytochemical composition of nine underexplored Brazilian fruits was determined. Carotenoids and anthocyanins were identified and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-MS/MS), and phenolic compounds and iridoids were identified by flow injection analysis-electrospray-ion trap-tandem mass spectrometry (FIA-ESI-IT-MS/MS); in total, 84 compounds were identified. In addition, the chemical structure and pathway mass fragmentation of new iridoids from jenipapo ( Genipa americana) and jatoba ( Hymenae coubaril) are proposed. The highest level of carotenoids was registered in pequi ( Caryocar brasiliense; 10156.21 μg/100 g edible fraction), while the major total phenolic content was found in cambuci ( Campomanesia coubaril; 221.70 mg GAE/100 g). Anthocyanins were quantified in jabuticaba ( Plinia cauliflora; 45.5 mg/100 g) and pitanga ( Eugenia uniflora; 81.0 mg/100 g). Our study illustrates the chemical biodiversity of underexplored fruits from Brazil, supporting the identification of new compounds and encouraging the study of more food matrixes not yet investigated.

Nowadays, one of the biggest challenges for society is the development of appropriate technologies to process the waste residue produced worldwide. In the food sector, the generated waste is estimated to be nearly billions of tons annually. Brazil is one of the most representative examples of the economic and industrial potential of underexplored residues and raw materials. The palm heart, scientifically known as Bactris gasipaes, mainly its fruits, is one of the many examples found in Brazilian flora. The fruits have significant amounts of carotenoids, namely, the all-trans-β-carotene, all-trans-lycopene and the rare all-trans-γ-carotene, which are considered as excellent raw materials of commercial interest. However, the main challenge that remains is their efficient recovery. This work proposes the development of a performant process of extraction mediated by the use of ionic liquid (IL)-based ethanolic solutions. Four ILs were examined, as well as the solid–liquid ratio R(S/L), number of extractions, the time of extraction, the co-solvent-ratio R(IL/E) and the homogenization method employed. After selecting the best solvent ([C4mim][BF4]) and process conditions (extraction yield of 172 ± 18 µgcarotenoids gdried biomass−1 ), the IL-ethanolic solution recyclability was tested by freezing/precipitating the IL (maximum of 94% of IL recovered), proving its success for at least 10 cycles while decreasing the process carbon footprint by 50% compared with the conventional method using acetone. published

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:41:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-05-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Although Brazilian livestock is considered one of the most productive in the world, the losses caused by parasites still greatly limit these activities and its incorrect control through traditional synthetic chemicals has caused problems such as parasitic resistance. The present study evaluated the anthelmintic and acaricidal action of ethanolic extract (EE) and essential oil (OE) obtained from Achyrocline satureioides inflorescences against an endo and an ectoparasite of great importance in sheep and cattle. The action against Haemonchus contortus was evaluated by the Larval Development Test (LDT) and the Egg Hatching Test (EHT), while the acaricidal potential against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus was evaluated by the Adult Immersion Test (AIT) and Larval Package Test (LPT). Chemical analyzes were performed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass of spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in order to evaluate the chemical composition of EE and EO, respectively. Luteolin (m/z 285), quercetin (m/z 301) and methyl quercetin (m/z 315) were the major compounds detected in the A. satureioides EE, while 41 compounds were identified in EO. Among them, the major compounds were caryophyllene oxide (15.4%), limonene (10.9%), trans-calamenene + δ-cadinene (8.0%), (E)-caryophyllene (5.5%), spathulenol (5.1%) and α-pinene (4.5%). Against H. contortus, by EHT, the EE and EO showed LC50 of 83.14 mg mL−1 and 10.42 mg mL−1, respectively. In LDT, LC50 were 0.16 mg mL−1 and 0.42 mg mL−1, respectively by EE and EO. In the AIT assay for R. (B.) microplus tick LC50 obtained for EE and EO were 76.43 mg mL−1 and 114.35 mg mL−1, respectively. EE at 100 mg mL−1 completely inhibited egg laying, while the EO at 50 mg mL−1 completely inhibited larval hatching. No significant larvicidal effect was observed in LPT for both extracts. The EE and EO presented a high efficacy at low concentrations in the inhibition of egg hatching and larval development of H. contortus. Although both extracts did not show consistent larvicidal action, the results were significant in inhibiting the oviposition of R. (B.) microplus engorged females. Departament of Drugs and Medicines School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University UNESP, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú Km 1, São Paulo EMBRAPA - Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Southeast Livestock Unit, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 234, São Carlos Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences São Paulo State University UNESP, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, Jaboticabal São Paulo State University Coastal Campus of São Vicente Laboratory of Bioprospection of Natural Products (LBPN) UNESP, Praça Infante Dom Henrique S/N, São Vicente EMBRAPA - Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation National Research Center for Agroindustrial Food Technology. Avenida das Américas, Guaratiba Multidisciplinary Center of Chemical Biological and Agricultural Research (CPQBA) UNICAMP, Rua Alexandre Cazelatto, 999, Paulínia Departament of Drugs and Medicines School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University UNESP, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú Km 1, São Paulo Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences São Paulo State University UNESP, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, Jaboticabal São Paulo State University Coastal Campus of São Vicente Laboratory of Bioprospection of Natural Products (LBPN) UNESP, Praça Infante Dom Henrique S/N, São Vicente CAPES: 001

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:43:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-02-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Abstract: We recognize the chemical composition of the acetonic extract of Rhizophora mangle barks (AERM) using mass spectrometry analysis [liquid chromatography (LC)–ESI–IT-MS/MS and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-MS (MALDI-TOF)]. Analgesic activity was evaluated by formalin and tail-flick experimental assays. Anti-inflammatory activity was performed by paw edema test induced by carrageenan and 48/80 compounds. The first series of experiments involved [LC]–FIA–IT-MS/MS with 11 separated catechins derivatives until degree of polymerization 3 (DP3). The spectra obtained by MALDI-TOF analysis of the AERM presented two homologous series: one based on polymers of m/z 288 Da increments (up to DP12) and another series based on polymers of m/z [288 + 162] Da increments (up to DP11). In addition to these series of flavan-3-ol, each DP had a subset of masses with a variation of − 16 Da (homologous series of afzelechins—m/z 873–3465 Da) and + 16 Da (homologous series of gallocatechins—m/z 905–3497 Da). A similar pattern with homologous series of gallocatechins and afzelechins could also be observed for a fifth and a sixth monohexoside series: glucogallocatechins (m/z 779–3371) and glucoafzelechins (m/z 747–3339). The intraperitoneal administration of different doses of AERM (50, 150 and 300 µg mL−1) have a morphine-like effect and intense anti-inflammatory activity. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. Laboratory of Bioprospection of Natural Products (LBPN) UNESP - São Paulo State University/Coastal Campus of São Vicente, Pça Infante Dom Henrique S/N Laboratório de Estudos Avançados em Fitomedicamentos (LEAF) UFMA - Federal University of Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966 - Bacanga Embrapa Agroenergy Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, W3 Norte, PqEB Laboratory of Bioprospection of Natural Products (LBPN) UNESP - São Paulo State University/Coastal Campus of São Vicente, Pça Infante Dom Henrique S/N FAPESP: 2009/52237-9 FAPESP: 2014/23951-3

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T15:01:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-04-07 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Nurse sharks (Ginglymostoma cirratum, Ginglymostomatidae) are one of the most exhibited shark species in aquariums worldwide. However, in these locations, their reproductive success rate is frequently low. Considering that there is probably an olfactory mediation for nurse shark reproduction, and that environmental enrichment has a potentially positive effect on reproduction of captive animals, the present study aimed to evaluate whether the use of olfactory enrichment would stimulate olfactory-driven behaviors and consequently generate effects in the exhibition of reproductive behaviors by the species both in the short and long term. The study was divided into three phases (control, short-term enrichment and long-term enrichment), was conducted at two institutions with distinct husbandry and used aqueous extracts of basil leaves as olfactory enrichment. Eleven individuals were selected through focal sampling for behavioral observations with instantaneous recording, the total of 120 h of observation were divided into active and inactive periods. Results showed that basil-based olfactory enrichment was effective in increasing the occurrence of reproductive behaviors in both female and male nurse sharks. Additionally, the long-term results showed higher effects in males, which strengthen the theory of olfactory mediation of reproductive behavior in the species as individuals became aware of the sensory cues in the environment and performed more olfactory-driven reproductive behaviors. It is important to note that enrichment effects are different between sexes and therefore close monitoring and scheduling are essential to avoid over-stimulation or habituation to the enrichment. Sao Paulo State Univ, Elasmobranch Res Lab, Coastal Campus Sao Vicente, BR-11330900 Sao Vicente, SP, Brazil Aquario Sao Paulo, R Huet Bacelar 407, BR-04275000 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Vet Med & Husb, Dept Anim Reprod, Av Prof Orlando Marques Paiva 87, BR-05508010 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Biosci Inst, Lab Bioprospect Nat Prod, Coastal Campus Sao Vicente, Praca Infante Dom Henr S-N, BR-11330900 Sao Vicente, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Elasmobranch Res Lab, Coastal Campus Sao Vicente, BR-11330900 Sao Vicente, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Biosci Inst, Lab Bioprospect Nat Prod, Coastal Campus Sao Vicente, Praca Infante Dom Henr S-N, BR-11330900 Sao Vicente, SP, Brazil CAPES: 001

This review will discuss, under the Circular Economy and Biorefinery concepts, the performance of the alternative solvents in the downstream process to recover natural pigments in a more sustainable way. Conventionally, pigments marketed on an industrial scale are produced through chemical synthesis by using petroleum derivatives as the main raw material. Also, the current production chain of the synthetic dyes is linear, with no solvent recycling and waste generation. Thus, the most promising processes of extraction and purification of natural pigments and strategies on the polishing of the solvents are here reviewed. In this review, the use of alternative solvents, namely, ionic liquids, eutectic solvents, aqueous solutions of surfactants, and edible oils, for recovering natural pigments was reviewed. Works discussing higher extraction yields and selectivity, while maintaining the stability of the target pigments, were reported. Also, a panorama between Sustainability and Circular Economy prospection was discussed for better comprehension of the main advances in the field. Behind the analysis of the works published so far on the theme, the most important lacunas to overcome in the next years on the field were pointed out and discussed. Also, the future trends and new perspectives to achieve the economic viability and sustainability of the processes using alternative solvents will be scrutinized. published

In this work, a process for the extraction and purification of carotenoids from the fruit Bactris gasipaes was developed. Ethanolic and aqueous solutions of ionic liquids (ILs) and surfactants were evaluated on the extraction of these pigments. Thus, we developed an optimized sustainable downstream process mediated by the best solvent with further isolation of the carotenoids and the recyclability of the IL used. The process was characterized not only in terms of efficiency but also regarding its environmental impact. The recyclability of the solvents as well as the high efficiency (maximum yield of extraction of carotenoids = 88.7 ± 0.9 μgcarotenoids·gdried biomass–1) and the low environmental impact of the integrated process developed in this work were demonstrated. In the end, in order to incorporate functional activity for an alternative food-packaging material, carotenoids were successfully applied on the preparation of chitosan-based films with excellent results regarding their mechanical parameters and antioxidant activity. published

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:17:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-06-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Bacteria possessing an enzymatic system able to metabolize anthocyanins may play a major role in the production of compounds with different bioavailability and biological activity. In this study, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains were screened for the enzymatic activities of α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase and β-glucosidase. These strains were also screened for their ability to convert the anthocyanins from jussara. The nine evaluated strains produced at least two of the three enzymes; they were also capable of changing the main anthocyanin's chromatographic profile. The values of cyanidin 3-glucoside and cyanidin 3-rutinoside, following fermentation, ranged from 0 to 3217.7 and 4323.3 to 17190.9 μg/100 mL of medium fermented, respectively. The Lactobacillus deubruekii strain was able to change the anthocyanins from jussara pulp more extensively. Therefore, a culture medium containing jussara pulp and glucose was optimized using the experimental design as a statistical tool. Medium maximization occurred with a mixture composing 20% jussara pulp and 10% glucose in which the microorganism was able to reach the highest enzymatic production as well as produce the most extensive conversion of the main anthocyanins. Protocatechuic acid was the main enzymatic bioconversion product identified following fermentation. In addition, there was an observed increase in antioxidant activity following the jussara pulp fermentation process. Department of Bioscience Federal University of São Paulo – UNIFESP, Silva Jardim Street, 136 Biosciences Institute São Paulo State University – UNESP, Coastal Campus of São Vicente, Pça Infante Dom Henrique S/N, São Vicente Biosciences Institute São Paulo State University – UNESP, Coastal Campus of São Vicente, Pça Infante Dom Henrique S/N, São Vicente FAPESP: 2014/09301-6

Anthocyanins are naturally occurring bioactive compounds that are extensively distributed in plant-derived foodstuffs and, consequently, largely consumed by humans. The consumption of foods rich in anthocyanins is related to decreased risks of developing cardiovascular disease and cancer. Despite the beneficial properties of anthocyanins, their effectiveness at preventing or treating a range of diseases depends on their bioavailability. Scientific developments have produced some methods that simulate the digestion process, facilitating an improvement in our knowledge of anthocyanin bioavailability. Recently, new in vivo and in vitro models simulating digestion have been described, which contribute to a better understanding of anthocyanin bioavailability, but each bioassay has inherent advantages and limitations. This critical review comprehensively summarizes the existing knowledge about the main methods applied to assess the bioavailability of anthocyanins, their related challenges and future research trends.

The authors wish to add the process number in the Acknowledgments section in this paper [...]

In this study we isolated two polyphenolic acids of m/z 639, called catharinol A and catharinol B, from Plantago catharinea L. (Plantaginaceae) leaves. Although presenting very similar structures, catharinol A showed higher antioxidant activity when compared with gallic acid and quercetin standards. These compounds are position isomers and present in their chemical structure the rare sugar D-allose. Molecules with similar constitution are known to have important biological activities such as antitumor and immunosuppressive. These compounds were isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and characterized by mass spectrometry (FIA-ESI-IT-MS/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). This work is the first study on the chemical composition of P. catharinea and encourages the production of Plantago species as a good source of bioactive molecules.

Native extracts from orange peels were obtained by a conventional method using acetone and, an alternative method using ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim]Cl)). The bioaccessibilities and cellular uptakes of carotenoids, esters and chlorophylls were evaluated, since the influence of esterification on bioaccessibility and bioavailability is not well established. For this, the extracts were emulsified, submitted to in vitro simulated digestion model according to the INFOGEST protocol, followed by uptake by Caco-2 cells. Compounds were separated, identified and quantified by HPLC-PDA-MS/MS. After digestion, 22.0% and 26.2% of the total carotenoids and 45.9% and 68.7% of the chlorophylls were bioaccessible from the acetone and [C4mim]Cl extracts, respectively. The bioaccessibilities of xanthophylls and carotenes were significantly higher than those of the mono- and diesters. The uptake by Caco-2 cells varied from 130.2 to 131.9 ng/mg cell protein for total carotenoids and from 243.8 to 234.2 ng/mg cell protein for chlorophylls in the acetone and [C4mim]Cl extracts, respectively. In general, xanthophylls and esters were better absorbed than carotenes.

Carotenoids from Bactris gasipaes fruits were extracted with an ultrasound-assisted approach using sunflower oil, which was used to develop an oil-in-water (O/W) food emulsion similar to commercial mayonnaise with a lower lipid content. The qualitative carotenoid profile of the O/W emulsion was similar to that of lyophilized fruit. Using an in vitro digestion model adapted from the INFOGEST protocol, the results show that the O/W food emulsion had approximately 11-fold more bioaccessible carotenoids than the lyophilized fruit. In addition, the food model developed in this study had high sensory acceptance in all the evaluated attributes (acceptability scores for colour, aroma, taste, texture and overall acceptance of approximately 8.0 on a 9-point hedonic scale), as well as excellent thermal and gravitational stability (evaluated during 72 days of storage) and antioxidant activity (4.80 α-tocopherol relative). The present work presents a successful alternative for carotenoid incorporation into new foodstuffs, representing an excellent model for the design of functional products with more bioaccessible liposoluble bioactive compounds. This model can be used to add functionality to a food that typically has low nutritional value.

No scientific report proves the action of the phytochemicals from the mangrove tree Rhizophora mangle in the treatment of diabetes. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effects of the acetonic extract of R. mangle barks (AERM) on type 2 diabetes. The main chemical constituents of the extract were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and flow injection analysis electrospray-iontrap mass spectrometry (FIA-ESI-IT-MS/MS). High-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice were used as model of type 2 diabetes associated with obesity. After 4 weeks of AERM 5 or 50 mg/kg/day orally, glucose homeostasis was evaluated by insulin tolerance test (kiTT). Hepatic steatosis, triglycerides and gene expression were also evaluated. AERM consists of catechin, quercetin and chlorogenic acids derivatives. These metabolites have nutritional importance, obese mice treated with AERM (50 mg/kg) presented improvements in insulin resistance resulting in hepatic steatosis reductions associated with a strong inhibition of hepatic mRNA levels of CD36. The beneficial effects of AERM in an obesity model could be associated with its inhibitory &alpha, amylase activity detected in vitro. Rhizophora mangle partially reverses insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis associated with obesity, supporting previous claims in traditional knowledge.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:18:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-05-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The present study demonstrates the need to conduct an integrative quality control of teas marketed as Plantago major. In the present study, quality control checks were performed through macroscopic, microscopic and chemical analyses of commercial brands. Leaves with parts not allowed for consumption were found in all brands. Six brands showed histological similarity

Rhizophora mangle L. is a well-known medicinal plant found in mangroves worldwide used to treatment diabetes. This study evaluated the chemical composition of the acetonic extract from Rhizophora mangle barks (AERM), by HPLC-PDA and FIA-ESI-IT-MS/MS and the effects on high-fat diet induced obesity in mice and its mechanism of action by gene expression of inflammatory markers (Pparg, Ppara, Srebf1, Cd36, Tnf, Ccl2, Lep, Il10, Il6, Fasn, 18s). High-fat diet fed mice during 12 weeks was used as model of obesity and associated alterations. The results were very satisfactory, the extract, rich in polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids and phenolic acids, displayed intense antioxidant activity in vitro (608 µmol Trolox/g), and showed excellent activity against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and reverse insulin resistance in a model of diet-induced obesity. We can registered a modulatory effect of AERM in liver PPAR-γ mRNA expression associated to an important inhibition of CD36 mRNA expression suggesting that AERM induces the down regulation of CD36 mRNA via PPAR-gamma inhibition. These results support the traditional knowledge about the use of R. mangle for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and reveal the potential of AERM for the treatment of NAFLD and management of obesity and comorbidities.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-28T16:04:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-08-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Herbal plants have been assessed for possible action that influence gastrointestinal hormonal secretion, modifying gut motility, food intake and energy balance. The effects of herbal extracts derived from native species of South America on food intake and acylated ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) concentrations after consuming meals were investigated for the first time in humans. Twenty overweight and obese women were recruited for a randomized, single blind, placebo -controlled, crossover design study separated by a 7-day washout period. Participants received an herbal extract combination containing yerba mate, guarana and damiana ('YGD') or placebo. Energy intake at lunch was reduced significantly in the YGD group (-43.3 +/- 13.1 kcal; P = 0.005). The AUC for acylated ghrelin after lunch was significantly lower in the YGD group (-1004 +/- 690.9 vs. 565.9 +/- 286.7, P = 0.04). At 60 and 150 min after breakfast, GLP-1 concentrations were higher in YGD (P = 0.04) when compared with the control group. The AUC for GLP-1 after breakfast was significantly higher in the YGD group (1003 +/- 370.5 vs. 160.3 +/- 221.3, P < 0.05). Supplementation with the herbal extract YGD reduced energy and macronutrient intake by modulating the gut hormones in overweight and obese women. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Univ Fed Goias, Fac Nutr, Clin & Sports Nutr Res Lab Labince, Goiania, Go, Brazil Sao Francisco Univ, Lab Microbiol & Mol Biol, Clin Pharmacol & Gastroenterol Unit, Braganca Paulista, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, LBPN, Sao Paulo, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, LBPN, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:12:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-06-20 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Guarana (Paullinia cupana) is a plant originated in Brazil that presents a beneficial effect on body weight control and metabolic alterations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of guarana on genes and miRNAs related to adipogenesis in 3T3L1 cells. The anti-adipogenic effect of guarana was evaluated by Oil Red-O staining. Gene and miRNA expression levels were determined by real time PCR. The Cebpα and β-catenin nuclear translocation were evaluated using immunocytochemistry. Our data indicated that the triglyceride-reducing effect of guarana was dose-dependent from 100 to 300 µg/mL (-12%, -20%, -24% and -40%, respectively, p > 0.0001). An up-regulation of the anti-adipogenic genes Wnt10b, Wnt3a, Wnt1, Gata3 and Dlk1 and a down-regulation of pro-adipogenic genes Cebpα, PparΓ and Creb1 were also observed. Furthermore, guarana repressed mmu-miR-27b-3p, mmu-miR-34b-5p and mmu-miR-760-5p, that contributed for up-regulation of their molecular targets Wnt3a, Wnt1 and Wnt10b. Additionally, cells treated with guarana presented an increase on β-catenin nuclear translocation (p > 0.0018). In summary, our data indicate that guarana has an anti-adipogenic potential due to its ability to modulate miRNAs and genes related to this process. Together our data demonstrate the important role of guarana as a putative therapeutic agent. Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology Clinical Pharmacology and Gastroenterology Unit Sao Francisco University Medical School Laboratory of Bioprospection and Natural products (LBPN) UNESP-São Paulo State University/Coastal Campus of Sao Vicente Pça Infante Dom Henrique S/N Laboratory of Bioprospection and Natural products (LBPN) UNESP-São Paulo State University/Coastal Campus of Sao Vicente Pça Infante Dom Henrique S/N

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No. of bitstreams: 1 mesquita_lms_me_svic_par.pdf: 474296 bytes, checksum: fec01bffe870c6208211bc63ead1aac5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-13 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) As espécies vegetais contendo substâncias bioativas são, cada vez mais, objeto de pesquisas, levando a alternativas para tratamentos terapêuticos ou revelando substâncias que posteriormente possam ser exploradas com o intuito de produzir fármacos. Estudos de plantas são de grande importância, em razão do vasto número de metabólitos secundários que podem ser encontrados. Eles têm cada vez mais atraído a atenção da sociedade, mostrando-se uma fonte alternativa aos altos custos dos medicamentos alopáticos. Mas, para que as plantas sejam usadas com eficácia e segurança, são necessários estudos multidisciplinares. A Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária e o Ministério da Saúde aprovaram o uso de 71 plantas medicinais no tratamento contra diabetes, úlceras, inflamações e outras doenças crônicas. Contudo, essa é uma lista ainda limitada, pois várias espécies não são disponíveis o ano todo e/ou nas várias regiões do Brasil. Em contrapartida, Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae, popularmente conhecida como mangue vermelho) é uma espécie que ocorre no Brasil desde o Pará até Santa Catarina. É comumente utilizada pelas populações tradicionais costeiras, principalmente para o tratamento de diabetes, hemorroidas, analgesia e dores estomacais. Recentemente, nosso grupo de pesquisa verificou que o extrato acetônico das cascas de R. mangle possui atividades antioxidante e antiulcerogênica, e é eficaz no tratamento da colite experimental. Contudo, foi realizada apenas uma avaliação preliminar da composição química das cascas. Por isso, este trabalho abordou o estudo químico de R. mangle, enfatizando o estudo das cascas. Desenvolvemos estratégias analíticas baseadas em espectrometria de massas utilizando as técnicas de Electrospray-Ion Trap e Maldi-TOF, as quais permitiram a padronização qualitativa do extrato ativo. Como resultado, identificamos a presença de taninos condensados possuindo de 2 a 12 unidades de catequinas. Além disso, investigamos a atividade desse extrato no tratamento da obesidade e como anti-inflamatório, obtendo resultados promissores. Esses resultados fornecem subsídeos para o melhor entendimento das atividades farmacológicas previamente observadas. Plant species containing bioactive compounds are continuously being investigated, in order to search for alternative therapeutic treatments. These studies can reveal substances that can be explored in order to produce new drugs. Investigation of plants are of great importance, because of the large amounts of secondary metabolites that can be found. They have increasingly attracted the attention of the society, proving to be an alternative source to the high costs of allopathic medicines. However, multidisciplinary studies are necessary to ensure that plants are used with effectively and safety. The National Sanitary Surveillance Agency and the Ministry of Health have approved 71 medicinal plants to be used against diabetes, ulcers, inflammation and other chronic diseases. However, this list is still limited because several species are not available year-round and/or in the various regions of Brazil. In contrast, Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae, popularly known as red mangrove) is a Brazilian species that occurs from Pará to Santa Catarina. It is commonly used by traditional coastal populations, mainly for the treatment of diabetes, hemorrhoids, analgesia and stomach pains. Recently, our research group verified that the acetone extract of R. mangle barks has antioxidant and antiulcerogenic activities and it is also effective in the treatment of the experimental colitis. However, only a preliminary evaluation of the chemical composition of the barks was previously carried out. Thus, this work deals with the chemical study of R. mangle, emphasizing the study of barks. We developed analytical strategies based on Electrospray- Ion trap mass spectrometry as well as MALTI-TOF techniques that allowed the qualitative standardization of the active extract. As a result, we could identify a sequence of condensed tannins with polymerization degree from 2 to 12. Besides, we tested this extract to treat obesity and as anti-inflammatory, with promising results.These results allowed us to better understant the farmacological activities observed. FAPESP: 2014/23951-3

A detecção de patologias na laringe tem ocorrido basicamente por meio de diagnósticos médicos apoiados em videolaringoscopia, que é considerado um procedimento invasivo e causa certo deconforto ao paciente. Além disso, esse tipo de exame é realizado com solicitação médica e apenas quando as alterações na fala já são marcantes ou estão causando dor. Nesse ponto, muitas vezes a doença já está em grau avançado, dificultando o seu tratamento. Com o objetivo de realizar um pré-diagnóstico de tais patologias, este trabalho propõe uma técnica não invasiva baseada em um novo algoritmo que combina duas Máquinas de Vetores de Suporte, treinadas com o uso de um procedimento de aprendizado semi-supervisionado, alimentadas por um conjunto de parâmetros obtidos com o uso da Transformada Wavelet Discreta do sinal de voz do locutor. Os testes realizados com uma base de dados de vozes normais e afetadas por diversas patologias demonstram a eficácia da técnica proposta que pode, inclusive, ser implementada em tempo-real. Larynx pathology detection is a process that depends basically on medical diagnosis and is based on videolaringoscopy, which is considered as being an invasive and uncomfortable procedure. Furthermore, this kind of examination depends on a physicists requirement and is carried out only when speech is considerably modified or causing pain. At that level, the problem is in an advanced stage which difficults its treatment. In order to get a pre-diagnosis of such pathologies, this work proposes a non-invasive technique which is based on a new algorithm that combines two support vector machines, trained with a semi-supervised approach, powered by a set of parameters derived from the discrete wavelet transform of the speakers voice signal. Tests carried out with the use of a database of normal and pathological voices show the efficacy of the proposed technique which can also be implemented for use in real-time.