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O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a alteração dos atributos de qualidade da carne bovina armazenadas em embalagens com baixa permeabilidade ao oxigênio (BP) e alta permeabilidade ao oxigênio (AP) mantidas em freezer com dois tipos de lâmpadas, Led e Fluorescente (Fluo). Quinze amostras do músculo Longissimus lumborum foram divididas em quatro partes e embaladas a vácuo em embalagem BP ou AP e acondicionadas sob dois tipos de iluminação (Led e Fluo), por 60 dias, à temperatura de -18ºC. Foram avaliados: cor da carne, pH, oxidação lipídica, bactérias mesófilas, psicotróficas e enterobactérias. As análises foram realizadas na desossa e após a exposição aos tratamentos (BP-Led, BP-Fluo, AP-Led e AP-Fluo). Todos os tratamentos apresentaram maior contagem de bactérias mesófilas aeróbias e psicrotróficas, que a carne no momento da desossa. O pH foi menor na carne desossada em relação aos demais tratamentos, para H* maiores valores foram encontrados nas embalagens AP. A oxidação lipídica foi semelhante entre a carne da desossa e o tratamento BP-Led, os demais tratamentos apresentaram maior oxidação lipídica, que a carne no momento da desossa. Maiores valores de psicrotróficos foram encontrados para embalagens AP e luz fluorescente. O tratamento BP-Led demostrou menor valor de oxidação lipídica que, BP-Fluo, AP-Led, AP-Fluo. Conclui-se que a descoloração da carne é menor nas embalagens com baixa permeabilidade ao oxigênio independente o tipo de luz utilizada durante o armazenamento. A associação entre a embalagem BP e a luz Led mostram melhores resultados microbiológicos e menor oxidação lipídica, proporcionando melhor qualidade da carne após o armazenamento.

O queijo é um dos alimentos mais comuns na dieta humana, compondo, geralmente, a alimentação de todas as classes sociais, desde os primórdios da humanidade. No entanto, produtos derivados do leite, em especial os queijos são considerados um veículo frequente de patógenos, principalmente os produzidos de maneira artesanal, sem os devidos cuidados de higiene e das boas práticas de manipulação. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade físico-química e microbiológica de queijo minas frescal produzido artesanalmente e por laticínios da região de Presidente Prudente – São Paulo. Um total de 20 amostras de queijos foram coletadas na mesma semana em diferentes supermercados e local que comercializa informalmente o produto: Laticínio A (n=5); Laticínio B (n=5); Laticínio C (n=5) e Artesanal (fabricados artesanalmente por feirantes da região de Presidente Prudente; n=5). Após a coleta, as amostras foram encaminhadas para o laboratório para a realização das seguintes análises: pH, cor, análise de textura, composição centesimal e microbiológicas. De acordo com os resultados, houve diferença no pH, na intensidade de vermelho, dureza, mastigabilidade, teor de proteína, bactérias mesófilas, psicrotróficas e enterobactérias entre os tratamentos (P

Residues that could be discarded and transformed in high biological value protein is a measure of environmental preservation combined with the sustainability of animal production. This study evaluated the effects of the addition of passion fruit seed oil (PFSO) on broiler diet under the resistance of skin, physical-chemical characteristic, fatty acid profile and lipid oxidation (under storage) of breast meat obtained from these animals. There was improvement in the condition of skin rupture and meat tenderness; apart from that, oxidative reactions decreased, as PFSO was added to the diet (P0.05) was observed. There was a linear effect increasing only for the margaric (C17:0) and cis10-Heptadecanoic (C17:1; P0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that PFSO improves the resistance of broiler skin, which becomes softer and less susceptible to oxidative effects due to the oil’s antioxidant action, suggesting that it may be an ingredient that brings substantial benefits in the poultry industry.

The aim of this study to determine the chemical composition, the metabolizable energy, and digestibility of citrus pulp; furthermore, evaluate the effect of using this product on performance, carcass yield, and blood parameters of broilers from 1 to 42 days of age. In the first experiment, it was using a total of 108 21-days-old male Cobb 500 birds weighing 926 g ± 50g was distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments (basal diet and basal diet + 10 or 20% of testing feed), and six replicates of six birds each. In the second experiment, it was using a total of 966 1-day-old Cobb 500 male broiler chicks was distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% inclusion of citrus pulp) and seven replicates of 23 birds each. The citrus pulp presented 1311 kcal of AME/kg DM, 4.62% crude protein, 30.85% neutral detergent fiber, 36.93% acid detergent fiber and 23.45% pectin. The citrus pulp can be used up to 10.0% of inclusion in broiler diets in the period from 1 to 42 days old, with no damage to performance, carcass yield, blood parameters and with better economic indices.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:40:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of including a xylanase + β-glucanase enzyme product in corn–soy-based diets on performance, caecal short-chain fatty acids and thermal profile, ileal digestibility, and intestinal kinetics of broiler chickens. A total of 744 male day-old chicks were randomly allotted to 24 floor pens and distributed in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with low or standard energy level × without or with 100 g of the enzyme per ton of feed. Enzyme supplementation improved bodyweight gain from 1 to 21 d (P < 0.05). An increased caecal concentration of acetic acid was observed when the enzyme was added to the low-energy diet (P < 0.05). The pH of the caecal content was reduced (P < 0.01), and the caecal temperature was increased by low-energy diets (P < 0.05). The apparent ileal digestibility of energy was improved by the enzyme (P < 0.01). The addition of the enzyme increased the mean retention time in the distal ileum (P < 0.05). In summary, the addition of a xylanase + β-glucanase enzyme product in corn-based diets increases the retention time of digesta in the distal ileum and the caecal acetic acid concentration, improves ileal digestibility of energy and performance from 1 to 21 d in broiler chickens fed corn–soy-based diets. Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University, São Paulo Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University, São Paulo FAPESP: 2015/26623-0

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of okara inclusion in diet for growing broilers on performance, carcass yield, blood and bone variables, quality and lipid oxidation of meat, and economic viability. For that, 575 Cobb 21-d-old male broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design with four levels of okara inclusion (25, 50, 75, and 100 g of okara kg−1diet) and a control group with five replicates and 23 birds each. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) of okara levels on the performance variables, carcass yield, bone variables, and serum triglycerides, calcium and phosphorus at 42-d-old. Serum cholesterol levels showed a quadratic response (P −1of diet. Okara can be included in diets for broilers up to the level of 100 g kg−1without affecting the performance, carcass yield, bone variables, and lipid oxidation of meat. However, the best economic results were observed up to 50 g of okara kg−1of diet.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:44:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-12-01 The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive performance and quality of eggs and bones of Japanese quails that received different dietary electrolyte balance (EB) and were submitted to thermoneutrality or heat stress conditions. Eight hundred Japanese quails of 21 days of age were selected and distributed randomly in two bioclimatic chambers: thermoneutral chamber (23 °C ± 2 °C) and heat-stress chamber (33 °C ± 2 °C). The treatments were in a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement, with two temperatures and five EB levels (165, 215, 265, 315, 365 mEq/kg) with four replicates of 20 birds each. The productive performance and egg quality (in 3 cycles of 21 days) were measured. At 105 days old, the bone quality was evaluated. Data were analyzed by Minitab, and the means were compared by Tukey’s test and regression test for levels (P < 0.05). Quails submitted to thermoneutrality showed better performance and egg and bone quality. The highest production rate was the EB level of 265 mEq/kg. Low values of EB (165 and 215 mEq/kg) and high values (365) impaired egg quality, and the ideal was 315 mEq/kg. Lower levels of balance provided poor bone density. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that heat stress impairs the production and quality of quail eggs and bones. Furthermore, by using intermediate EB levels (265 and 315) mEq/kg, it is possible to improve egg production and egg quality, and using high levels increases bone mineral density. School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition São Paulo State University (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:30:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-06-02 This study evaluated the effects of the inclusion of the by-product passion fruit seed (BPFS) in the diet of laying hens on performance, blood variables, quality, and lipid oxidation in eggs. A total of 384 Hy-line W36 layers (32 wk old) were distributed in a completely randomized design, with six treatments (control, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, 10.0%, and 12.5% inclusion of BPFS), eight replicates and eight birds each. The productive performance was evaluated for three cycles of 28 d each. There was no difference (P > 0.05) in egg production and feed conversion. However, feed intake showed increased linearly (P < 0.05). The egg weight, egg mass, percentage of eggshell, eggshell thickness, and Haugh unit did not differ (P > 0.05); however, the specific gravity of eggs increased (P < 0.05). Total cholesterol and blood triglycerides decreased linearly (P < 0.05). To evaluate the lipid yolk oxidation, a 6 × 5 × 2 factorial design (six levels of BPFS × five storage periods × two temperatures) was used. There was an interaction (P < 0.05) among the levels of BPFS, time, and storage temperature with the lowest oxidation level of 12.5% when eggs were refrigerated. The BPFS can be included at a level up to 5.0% without compromising bird performance and 12.5% for egg quality, and this level reduced yolk lipid oxidation. Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) Departamento de Agronomia Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de Dracena Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de Dracena

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:46:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) This study evaluated the effect of three phytases in reduced nonphytate phosphorus (NPP) diets. In total, 2100 male Cobb 500® chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design. Ten experimental diets were used: NPP1 reduction of 0.12% NPP plus phytase A, B, C, or without; NPP2 reduction of 0.22% NPP plus phytase A, B, C, or without; positive control diet, attending nutrient requirements; negative control diet, deficit of 0.10% NPP. The 2 × 4 + 2 (two levels NPP, three phytases or without, and two controls) design was used, and the means were compared by Tukey’s or Dunnet’s (p < 0.05) tests. There were significant interactions on day 21 for weight gain (p < 0.01), feed conversion ratio (p < 0.01), and day 35 for weight gain (p < 0.01), feed intake (p < 0.01), feed conversion ratio (p < 0.01), European production efficiency factor (p < 0.01), and it was shown that three phytases in NPP1 diet had the same result as positive control (PC) diet. NPP2 diets without phytase promoted high calcium (p < 0.01) and low phosphorus (p < 0.01) in plasma, and the significant interaction showed higher activity for alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.023). The significant interactions for resistance (p = 0.001) and ash (p < 0.01) of femur indicate that inclusion of phytases in diet NPP1 improved the availability of minerals, suggesting that this reduction plus phytase would be enough for better results. São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Agriculture Department of Crop Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences Department of Technology São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Agriculture Department of Crop Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences Department of Technology FAPESP: 2014/27175-8

Two experiments were carried out to determine the chemical composition of okara and to evaluate the performance and carcass yield of broilers fed diets containing increasing levels of okara. In experiment 1, a total of 72 21-d-old Cobb male broilers were distributed in an entirely randomized experimental design consisting of three treatments and four replicates of six birds each. The energy in okara was 2972 kcal of AME kg−1, with an apparent metabolizable energy (AME) coefficient of 60.72 (% dry matter). In experiment 2, a total of 840 male Cobb male chicks were distributed in an entirely randomized experimental design consisting of six treatments (0.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, and 10% okara inclusion) and six replicates of 28 birds each. The inclusion of increasing levels of okara from 1 to 21 d of age linearly reduced (P 0.05) feed conversion, carcass, breast, drumstick, and thigh yields at 42 d of age. Economic analysis indicated that a 10.0% inclusion level of okara in broiler diets during the starter phase produced the best economic results.

Two experiments were performed to determine the chemical composition of by-product of passion fruit seed (BPFS) and to evaluate the performance, blood variables, carcass yield, meat quality, and oxidation of broilers fed diets containing increasing levels of BPFS. In experiment 1, a total of 60 twenty-one-day-old Cobb male broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design, with two treatments (reference feed and test diet) and five replicates of 6 birds each. Energy content in BPFS was 3945 kcal kg−1 of apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance and 10.68% crude protein. In experiment 2, a total of 864 one-day-old male Cobb broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design, with six treatments (control, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, 10%, and 12.5% BPFS) and six replicates of 24 birds each. Feed conversion linearly worsened (P

Objetivou-se com a pesquisa avaliar o desempenho de frangos de corte alimentados com dietas contendo níveis crescentes de inclusão de farelo de acerola em substituição ao milho e analisar a viabilidade econômica desse sistema de produção. Foram utilizados 980 pintos de corte com um dia de idade, machos, da linhagem Cobb, distribuídos num delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos - níveis de inclusão (0, 5, 10 e 15%) de farelo de acerola em substituição ao milho - e sete repetições com 35 aves por unidade experimental. Aos 21 e 42 dias de idade as aves foram pesadas para a mensuração dos dados de desempenho. No período de 1 a 21 dias de idade, foram observadas diferenças somente no consumo de ração e na conversão alimentar, onde a inclusão de farelo de acerola diminuiu linearmente o consumo de ração e melhorou a conversão alimentar até o nível de 10,25%. No período total de criação o tratamento controle apresentou maior peso corporal. A conversão alimentar apresentou efeito linear, piorando os resultados com o aumento da quantidade de farelo de acerola nas dietas. Nesse mesmo período, não houve diferença significativa no consumo de ração e no fator de produção. Quanto à análise econômica, verificou-se que o menor custo final por frango foi observado nas dietas com 10% de inclusão de farelo de acerola em substituição ao milho.