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O objetivo desse trabalho é relatar o uso de técnicas combinadas de curativo em membros torácico e pélvico de um felino, além de desbridamento cirúrgico, após ter sido atropelado, contrariando a indicação primária de amputação de ambos os membros como resolução para as lesões apresentadas e comparar as técnicas e abordagens em feridas aplicadas no caso relatado, com a literatura consultada. No primeiro atendimento as lesões foram limpas, o animal medicado e liberado com prescrição medicamentosa e orientações para curativos. Após dois dias, o animal retornou com os membros edemaciados e sinais de sepse, procedeu-se então, a internação do felino, realização de exames de imagem e laboratoriais, sendo iniciado um protocolo medicamentoso e preparo para o desbridamento cirúrgico. Após o procedimento, foram realizados curativos com o uso de soro fisiológico 0,9% morno, o uso do polihexametileno biguanida (PHMB) e do alginato de cálcio com prata durante toda a fase aguda da lesão. Após a diminuição do exsudato, passou-se a utilizar a pomada sulfadiazina de prata 1% até a completa cicatrização das lesões. Durante toda a internação, o paciente recebeu analgesia antes das trocas de curativo. Após três meses, as lesões foram completamente cicatrizadas e não houve a necessidade de amputação e o animal manteve comportamento e hábitos muito próximos aos animais saudáveis. Dessa forma a técnica empregada com os curativos escolhidos mostrou-se efetivas.

RESUMO O desenvolvimento de novas ferramentas, como a ecocardiografia bidimensional feature tracking (2D-FTI), permite diagnosticar, de forma precoce, se há disfunção miocárdica em doenças cardíacas, inclusive as congênitas. O defeito septal ventricular (DSV) é a alteração congênita mais observada em felinos, no entanto pouco se sabe sobre a disfunção cardíaca nessa cardiopatia, especialmente em animais assintomáticos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, por meio do 2D-FTI, a deformação miocárdica ventricular esquerda pela mensuração dos índices ecocardiográficos strain (St) e strain rate (StR) radial, circunferencial e longitudinal, em gatos saudáveis e com DSV. Foram avaliados 12 gatos saudáveis e seis gatos com DSV para obtenção de St e StR em diversos segmentos miocárdicos. No sentido longitudinal, houve diferença estatística (P

The present study evaluated the volume and function of the left atrium by two-dimensional echocardiographic feature-tracking imaging (2D-FTI) and Simpson’s monoplanar modeling in dogs with asymptomatic degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD). The study consisted of 80 dogs that were divided into the following three groups: Group 1, 21 dogs (A); Group 2, 30 dogs (B1) and Group 3, 29 dogs (B2). The variable strain (contraction phase) was significantly lower in Group 3 than in Group 1 (12.92±4.54 x 16.69±5.74, p=0.014), and significant differences in the contraction strain index (CSI) were observed between all of the groups that were evaluated (1 = 46.82±8.10, 2 = 39.88±8.03, 3 = 35.25±5.64, p

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:49:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Background: Hip dysplasia (HD) is the most common non-traumatic orthopedic disease in large breed dogs. Treatment is chosen according to the severity of the condition, the age of the dog and the involvement of osteoarthritis (OA). For puppies up to 20-weeks-old, surgical treatment by the juvenile pubic symphysiodesis (JPS) technique can be performed. This procedure promotes the ventrolateral rotation of the acetabulum over the femoral head, which improves hip joint congruence and stability. The objective of this study is to report the case of a young dog with HD treated with JPS and pectineus myectomy. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were assessed for up to one year after surgery. Case: A 17-week-old Saint Bernard puppy was attended at the University Veterinary Hospital showing abnormal weight bearing and lameness in pelvic limbs, without history of previous trauma. On orthopedic examination, there was a marked hypotrophy of the pelvic limb muscles, severe pain and laxity in the hip joints, and positive feature in the Ortolani test. The hip joint subluxation angle (SA) and reduction angle (RA) were measured. A radiographic study was carried out to evaluate the hip joints and measure the Norberg angle (NA), distraction index (DI), acetabular angle (AA) and dorsal acetabular rim angle (DARA). The 20-week-old dog underwent surgical treatment by JPS technique. A ventral surgical approach to the pubis was performed and the pubic symphysis was cauterized with electrocautery. Partial pectineus myectomy technique was also performed. Drug therapy and restriction of physical activities were indicated in the early postoperative. The dog was evaluated by clinical and radiographic examinations at 4 months and 1 year after the surgical procedure. In the reassessment after 4 months of surgical treatment, the patient showed improvement in clinical signs, with mild lameness and absence of painful sensitivity in the movement of the hip joints. Radiographically, hip joint incongruity was observed, but with progressive improvement in the values of the measured variables. In the clinical examination 1 year after the procedure, the dog showed satisfactory weight bearing with slight lameness in pelvic limbs in the running gait. There was improvement in the thigh muscles and no painful signs were observed in the hip joints, but a positive result was detected in the Ortolani test. In the radiographic examination, bilateral articular incongruity was still observed, however, there was a mild improvement in the coverage of the acetabulum over the femoral head. The measured angles and indices showed favorable results regarding the recovery of hip joint stability and proper development. Discussion: Studies evaluating the JPS technique for the treatment of HD have shown to be a relatively simple and effective procedure, which allows altering the acetabular coverage, reducing the development of HD and the progression of OA. The need for an early diagnosis of this condition is essential, so that the JPS technique can be used in young dogs and offer effective results. In the present report, in the late postoperative period, the dog showed improvement in clinical signs, with favorable weight bearing and ambulation in pelvic limbs, recovery of limb muscles, absence of pain in the hip joints and decrease in RA and SA. Radiographically, the reduction in joint subluxation, improvement in acetabular coverage over femoral heads, increase in NA and AA, reduction in DI and DARA are evidence of the favorable outcome of ventrolateral rotation of the acetabulum after surgical treatment. The surgical technique used was effective, which enabled the dog to recover the functional use of the pelvic limbs and improve the quality of life. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária (DMV) Faculdade de Zootecnia e Medicina Veterinária (FZMV) Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG Departamento de Medicina Veterinária (DMV) Universidade de Lavras (UNILAVRAS), Lavras Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP

Background : Radius curvus is a clinical manifestation of the premature closure of the distal ulnar physis and the most common physeal disease in dogs, representing 63% of all physeal injuries. There are few reports indicating the technique of stapling for treatment of radius curvus in squeletically immature dogs. The aim of this study is to report a case of radius curvus in a young dog successfully treated with a combination of 3 surgical tecniques: 1- Stapling the medial and cranial portions of the distal radial physis; 2- Oblique osteotomy of the proximal ulna and ostectomy of the distal ulna, and 3- Dynamic external skeletal fixation in the elbow joint. Case : A 5-month-old female dog was referred to the University Veterinary Hospital with a history of left thoracic limb deformity for 2 weeks. There was a history of possible traumatic event on the front limb, in addition to providing nutritional supplements daily. In the radiographic evaluation the changes were identified in the left thoracic limb: shortening of the ulna, procurvatum and medial angulation of the distal radius, increased joint space and articular incongruity of the elbow joint. The dog was subjected to surgical treatment by the combination of three main surgical techniques. For the stapling of the distal radial physis the surgical approach on the cranial-medial surface of the distal radius was made. Two surgical staples were positioned in the distal radial physis. Thereafter a caudal approach was made to the distal region of the ulnar diaphysis for the distal ostectomy of the ulna. A bone segment of 1 cm in length of the distal ulnar diaphysis was removed. Another caudal approach was made to the proximal region of the ulnar diaphysis and a proximal oblique osteotomy of the ulna was performed. For the dynamic external skeletal fixation in the elbow joint two Steinmann pins were inserted. The first pin was proximal to the supracondilar foramen of the humerus and the second pin was caudal to the trochlear notch of the ulna, both parallel to the joint surface. To create a dynamic system, the pin tips were connected with elastic rubber bands on the medial and lateral sides of the elbow joint. Clinical and radiographic revaluation were made at 15, 30 and 60 days after surgery. Total correction of the limb deviation was achieved at 60 days postoperative. Two years after the surgical procedure, the owner was contacted and reported that the dog was very well and with no change in the operated limb. Discussion : The most common cause of premature closure of the distal ulnar physis is trauma. Due to the proper conical shape of the distal ulnar physis, there is more predisposition to the compression of the germinative cells in traumatic events, leading to radius curvus disease. Another cause of the radius curvus is the nutritional disbalances. In the reported case the patient had both predisponent factors, although unilateral limb involvement suggested trauma with primary causative agent. The treatment included the interruption of the supplementation of the diet associated with surgical techniques. The stapling of the distal radial physis is usually indicated for mild angular valgus deviation. In the current case the technique was applied with success regardless of the higher grade of radial deviation. Generally, the ulnar ostectomy is preferred to the osteotomy, since it reduces the rate of ulnar osteosynthesis, ensuring that the restrictive effect of the ulna upon the radial growth does not restart. In the reported case the ulnar ostectomy was associated with ulnar osteotomy to achieve a more effective result. Furthermore, the proximal ulnar osteotomy is usually indicated when elbow subluxation is present. In the current case the joint congruence was improved with the use of the dynamic external skeletal fixator.

Lesões traumáticas em coluna vertebral e medula espinhal ocorrem frequentemente na Medicina Veterinária, e o atropelamento por veículos automotivos é uma das causas mais prevalentes entre os cães. A fisioterapia veterinária, quando relacionada aos distúrbios locomotores e usada em conjunto com os tratamentos clínico e cirúrgico, tem o objetivo de restaurar, manter e promover a melhora da função e aptidão física, o bem-estar e a qualidade de vida do animal, facilitando sua rápida, e até completa, recuperação. Este trabalho relata os resultados do tratamento fisioterápico efetuado em um cão que apresentou diversas complicações em membros pélvicos, decorrentes de traumas na coluna vertebral e na medula espinhal, e destaca os benefícios da associação entre reabilitação e os tratamentos clínico e cirúrgico.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:36:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 Background: Angular deformity is characterized by the deviation of part of the bone that can occur in three different planes, frontal, sagittal and transverse. Trauma on physeal plates is the most common cause of angular deviations of the limbs in dogs. Currently the CORA (Center of Rotation of Angulation) methodology is the best way to evaluate and surgically correct these deformities. The objective of this study is to describe the surgical procedures performed to treat the uniapical valgus deviation affecting both tibial bones in a dog, comparing the outcomes of hybrid external skeletal fixator used in the right pelvic limb in relation to the locking plate used in the left pelvic limb. Case: A 10-month old Border Collie dog was attended at the University Veterinary Hospital with history of lameness and deviation of both pelvic limbs. In the orthopedic examination, it was possible to identify bilateral valgus deviation in the region of the tibio-tarsal joints and moderate lameness, with absence of pain or joint crepitation. Radiographic examination showed that the deformity was only uniapical in the frontal plane, affecting both tibial bones of the dog. Signs of osteoarthrosis were not observed and the preoperative examinations were within the normal limits for the species. The deformities were corrected in two surgical times starting with the procedure in the right tibia, which appeared to be clinically worse. Due to the fact that it was a bilateral affection and there was not a healthy pelvic limb to obtain the normal angles values of this dog, for planning according to the CORA methodology, the values of the tibial mechanical angles for dogs of similar size were taken from the literature. For surgical correction of the right tibia, a closed wedge osteotomy was performed following the second rule of Paley, with bone stabilization using type IB hybrid external skeletal fixator (ESF). The radiographic follow-up was done every 30 days postoperatively, however at 60 days the dog presented with severe lameness and the ESF had to be removed due to the breaking of one of the wires that composed the ring of the hybrid system. The limb continued to be treated by external bandages and total bone healing occurred at 210 days after surgery. Only after the complete recovery of the right limb, the left pelvic limb was operated and was also corrected by closed wedge osteotomy from the second Paley’s rule. However, the bone stabilization was achieved with the use of a T-shaped locking plate. Radiographic follow-up was performed every 30 days postoperatively and at 60 days the osteotomy gap was already consolidated and the dog showed good weight bearing in the pelvic limbs without signs of lameness or pain. Discussion: Currently, it is indicated that bone deformities in small animals should be corrected using the CORA methodology. The hybrid ESF is one of the most commonly used fixation systems for bone stabilization after corrective osteotomies due to great versatility, however, the reported complication rates are relatively high. The locking plates with special shapes, such as the “T” plate used in this study, provide the stable fixation of osteotomies with limited bone stock, as they allow the introduction of larger number of screws per area. Thus, this latter type of implant becomes advantageous for the correction of bone deformities close to the joints. It is concluded that CORA methodology is really effective in the planning of corrective surgeries of angular deviations in dogs. In this case report, the resulting tibial angles after the surgical corrections were within the normal range for healthy dogs of similar size. However, the use of locking plate provided better results with early bone healing and fewer complications than the type IB hybrid ESF. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária FCAV UNESP Departamento de Medicina Veterinária UFLA Pós-Graduação Ciência Animal UNIFRAN Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária FCAV UNESP

Introduction/objectives Parvoviral enteritis (PVE) can cause either primary or secondary myocardial injury; the latter is associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis. Strain (St) and strain rate (SR) are relatively new speckle tracking echocardiographic (STE) variables used to assess myocardial function and are less influenced by preload and volume status than are conventional variables. The aim of this study was to evaluate systolic function in dogs with PVE using two-dimensional STE. Animals Forty-five client-owned dogs were included. Materials and methods Dogs were classified into four groups: healthy (n = 9), PVE-mild (n = 15), PVE-severe (n = 13) and PVE-died (n = 8). Left ventricular global and segmental myocardial St and SR were assessed in radial, circumferential and longitudinal axes in the right parasternal transverse and apical 4-chamber views. In the circumferential and longitudinal axes, the value of each segment was determined separately at the endocardial and epicardial levels. Results Compared to healthy animals, all dogs with PVE showed significantly impaired St and SR values, mainly for PVE-severe and PVE-died groups. Moreover, the lowest SR value was observed in the circumferential axis at the mid-septal epicardial segment in the PVE-died group. For this variable, a cut-off value of 0.95 s−1 demonstrated 100% sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing between PVE-severe and PVE-died groups. Conclusions In the present study, all dogs with PVE developed systolic dysfunction, which was more severe in non-survivors. Assessment of St and SR in dogs with PVE might be clinically useful for evaluating haemodynamic status and developing suitable therapeutic strategies to improve prognosis.

There are few studies about the treatment options for cranial cruciate ligament rupture in growing dogs, especially with epiphysiodesis techniques. The aim of this study was to evaluate the electrocautery technique for proximal tibial epiphysiodesis in Labrador retriever puppies. The novel electrocautery technique was compared with the screw technique regarding the efficacy for tibial plateau leveling in growing dogs. Six healthy Labrador retriever puppies were divided into two groups. The screw technique was used in one group and the electrocautery technique was used in the other group. Both proximal tibial epiphysiodesis techniques for tibial plateau leveling were effective in achieving reduced tibial plateau angle and did not cause significant joint changes. The screw technique was more invasive and caused slightly greater morbidity than the electrocautery technique. The electrocautery technique seems to be a good alternative for proximal tibial epiphysiodesis in young dogs. RESUMO São descritos poucos estudos sobre as opções de tratamento para a ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial em cães na fase de crescimento, especialmente em relação às técnicas de epifisiodese. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a técnica de eletrocauterização para epifisiodese proximal da tíbia em cães filhotes da raça Labrador Retriever. A nova técnica de eletrocauterização foi comparada com a do parafuso em relação à eficácia para nivelamento do platô tibial em cães na fase de crescimento. Seis filhotes saudáveis da raça Labrador foram selecionados e divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos. A técnica do parafuso foi usada em um grupo, enquanto no outro foi usada a da eletrocauterização. Ambas as técnicas de epifisiodese proximal da tíbia para nivelamento do platô tibial foram eficazes na redução do ângulo do platô tibial e não causaram alterações articulares importantes. A técnica do parafuso foi considerada mais invasiva e causou morbidade um pouco mais acentuada do que a da eletrocauterização. Assim, a técnica da eletrocauterização parece ser uma boa alternativa para a epifisiodese proximal da tíbia em cães jovens.

RESUMO A hipertensão arterial pulmonar (HAP) é uma doença complexa, caracterizada por disfunção endotelial, que resulta em remodelamento vascular pulmonar e elevação da pressão arterial pulmonar, com consequente insuficiência cardíaca direita. O speckle tracking bidimensional (2D-STE) é uma das mais recentes ferramentas da ecocardiografia, o qual tem sido empregado para avaliação mais precoce da função ventricular e do efeito da HAP sobre a função dos ventrículos esquerdo e direito. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a deformação (St e StR) miocárdica radial do VE em modelo experimental de suínos com HAP induzida e tratados com angiotensina-(1-7), a fim de verificar as possibilidades desse novo fármaco nas respostas clínica e hemodinâmica, pois apresenta efeitos anti-inflamatório e vasodilatador, bem como ações antiproliferativas no sistema cardiovascular. Neste estudo, foi possível observar que os animais tratados com Ang-(1-7) apresentaram St e StR radiais maiores que o grupo placebo aos 60 dias de experimento, demonstrando uma melhora na função sistólica do miocárdio pelo aumento da deformação miocárdica (16,06±7,50 - placebo; 25,14±14,91 - Ang-(1-7)) e StR (1,28±0,51 - placebo; 1,51±0,58 - Ang-(1-7)). Essa melhora na função sistólica pode ser atribuída aos efeitos do fármaco, que reduziram também o desenvolvimento da hipertensão pulmonar. Diante dos resultados, acredita-se que a Ang-(1-7) possa ser um medicamento promissor para tratamento da HAP. ABSTRACT Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complex disease characterized by endothelial dysfunction resulting in pulmonary vascular remodeling, increased pulmonary arterial pressure, with subsequent right heart failure. The two-dimensional speckle tracking (2D-STE) is one of the newer tools used for early assessment of ventricular function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the radial myocardial deformation (St and StR) of LV in experimental pigs with induced PAH and treated with Ang- (1-7), checking the possibilities of this new drug in clinical and hemodynamic response, since it has anti-inflammatory effects and antiproliferative actions on the cardiovascular system. In this study we observed that animals treated with Ang (1-7) had radial St and StR higher than the placebo group at 60 days of the experiment demonstrating an improvement in systolic function of the myocardium by increased myocardial deformation (16.06±7.50 - placebo; 25.14±14.91 - Ang (1-7)) and StR (1.28±0.51 - placebo; 1.51±0.58 - Ang (1-7)). This improvement in systolic function can be attributed to drug effects while also reducing the development of pulmonary hypertension. Based on the results it is believed that Ang (1-7) may be a promising drug for the treatment of PAH.

RESUMO Avaliou-se a troponina I como biomarcador de lesão cardíaca na sepse, além de outros parâmetros hematológicos, em cadelas com piometra. Os grupos avaliados não diferiram estatisticamente na avaliação da concentração sérica da troponina I cardíaca. A quantidade total de leucócitos (mm3) e a porcentagem de bastonetes foram significativamente maiores no grupo sepse (23.221,74±16.848,80mm3 e 5,91±10,18%) quando comparado ao grupo não sepse (14.492,86±6.828,26mm3 e 1,93±1,64%) e ao grupo controle (10.320,00±3.999,02mm3 e 1,65±2,05%). Houve diferença significativa nas concentrações séricas da proteína C reativa (mg/dL) no grupo sepse (19,57±41,69md/dL) se comparado ao grupo não sepse (10,29±12,02mg/dL) e ao grupo controle (3,60±3,53mg/dL). Na avaliação da concentração sérica do lactato, houve diferença significativa entre cães com piometra e cães saudáveis, porém não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos sepse e não sepse. Os resultados do presente estudo indicam que a troponina I cardíaca não pôde ser considerada um biomarcador precoce para injúria miocárdica nos casos de cadela com piometra, pois os resultados das mensurações foram semelhantes entre os grupos, o que indica que pode não ter ocorrido lesão dos cardiomiócitos nessa fase. Já a proteína C reativa e o lactato são possíveis marcadores para inflamação sistêmica, uma vez que demonstraram concentrações séricas significativamente maiores em cadelas com piometra. ABSTRACT Troponin I as a biomarker of cardiac injury in sepsis, and other hematological parameters in female dogs with pyometra were evaluated. The groups did not differ in the assessment of serum cardiac troponin I. The total amount of leukocytes (mm3) and percentage of band cells was significantly higher in the sepsis group (23,221.74±16,848.80mm3 and 5.91±10.18%) compared to the non-sepsis group (14,492.86±6,828.26mm3 and 1.93±1.64%) and the control group (10,320.00±3,999.02mm3 and 1.65±2.05% respectively). There were significant differences in serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (mg / dL) in the sepsis group (19.57±41.69md / dL) compared to the non-sepsis group (10.29±12.02mg / dL) and control group (3.60±3.53mg / dL). In the evaluation of serum lactate concentration, there was a significant difference between dogs with pyometra and healthy dogs, but there was no significant difference between the sepsis and non-sepsis groups. The results of this study indicate that troponin I could not be considered an early biomarker of myocardial injury in cases of dogs with pyometra, because the results of the measurements were similar between groups, inferring that there may not have been an cardiomyocytes injury at this stage. C-reactive protein and lactate are potential markers for systemic inflammation, as demonstrated by significantly higher serum concentrations in dogs with pyometra.

Background: Shearing wounds on the limbs of dogs usually affect the regions distally from the radiocarpal joint at the thoracic limb and from the tibiotarsal joint at the pelvic limb. The tissue coverage and re-epithelialization of the injured region are important factors that should be considered in the definitive surgical treatment. The hydrocolloid membrane promotes selective autolytic debridement and accelerates the formation of granulation tissue and epithelialization. The present study aims to describe the treatment with hydrocolloid membrane dressing of three cases of shearing wounds with concomitant orthopedic injuries in the pelvic limbs of dogs.Case: Three dogs with pelvic limb injuries after vehicular trauma were selected for treatment. Two patients had shearing lesions on the medial aspect of the pelvic limb with exposure of the tibia and fibula, the talus and the tibiotarsal joint, associated with bone loss on the medial surface of the limb and rupture of the medial collateral ligament of the tarsus. Another patient had a shearing wound on the dorsal surface of the distal region of the pelvic limb, with injury of the digital extensor tendons and bone exposure of the second and third metatarsals. Initially, the surgical debridement of the lesion was performed and during the first five days after trauma the wound was cleansed with chlorhexidine solution and topical application of crystallized sugar daily. In this initial period a dry adherent dressing was used on the lesions, without bandages for immobilization of the pelvic limb. In all dogs, the hydrocolloid membrane was applied from the sixth day after initial wound management. Immediately after the application of the hydrocolloid membrane, temporary immobilization of the affected pelvic limb with a padded Robert Jones bandage was performed. The first changes of the hydrocolloid membranes were performed after five days of their use. Subsequently, the membranes changes became more spaced and were performed within a period between 7 to 10 days. After wound repair, in one of the dogs with a shearing injury in the medial surface of the pelvic limb, the rupture of the medial collateral ligament was surgically treated with the use of anchor screws and nylon thread for the ligament reconstruction. The other dog presented with lesion in the medial surface of the pelvic limb and collateral ligament rupture was not submitted to late orthopedic surgical treatment. The latter was clinically managed and developed valgus deviation of the affected pelvic limb, but with functional use of the limb. The dog with a shearing lesion on the dorsal surface of the pelvic limb and injury to the extensor tendons was managed conservatively with use of orthosis and, after 45 days of initial trauma, the dog showed a functional lameness and absence of pain in the affected limb.Discussion: In all animals, the hydrocolloid membrane was applied on the wound from the sixth day after the initial lesion treatment. As the wound was healing the hydrocolloid dressing was changed in a more spaced period and this management allowed the proper tissue healing without complications. The wound treatment with dressing was aided by the application of temporary limb immobilization with padded bandage, until a late orthopedic procedure was performed or a final clinical resolution occurred. In general, the shearing wounds healed in a period ranging from 28 to 38 days. In conclusion, the use of the hydrocolloid membrane dressing associated with limb immobilization was an effective method for treatment of patients with shearing wounds, allowing proper healing of the affected tissues and good recovery of the limb function. The hydrocolloid membrane has the main benefits to allow the spaced changes of the dressings and the ability to stimulate the rapid healing of the wound.

Background : Uterine twisting in bitches is an uncommon disease in which the difficulty of diagnosis is due to nonspecific clinical signs. This condition is more commonly observed in pluriparous females and is usually associated with a pregnant uterus close to birth, or associated with hemometra, pyometra and neoplasms in non-pregnant bitches. This study reports a case of an 11-year-old Poodle bitch with a rare case of uterine twisting in a non-pregnant womb. Case : A 11-year-old Poodle dog, weighing 3.2 kg, was admitted at the institution with a history of anorexia, oligodipsia and apathy during one day. There was no information on the last phase of estrus or previous pregnancies. The patient arrived at the emergency room of the veterinary hospital with cardiorespiratory arrest and was resuscitated with mechanical ventilation, cardiac massage and administration of adrenaline (0.1 mg/kg IV, 1 mg/ml concentration), tramadol hydrochloride (2 mg/kg via IV) and oxygen therapy. Clinical examination revealed a distended and tense abdomen with a palpable mass in the mesogastric region. Ultrasound examination showed a heterogeneous structure (> 10cm. in diameter), with cavitary areas filled with heterogeneous anechoic content and septations, located between the liver and urinary bladder. It was not possible to identify in which organ or structure the mass originated, and the possibility of gestation and fetal death was discarded. The female died six hours after admission. The patient was submitted to necropsy and histopathological analysis revealed a dark red and enlarged segment of the uterine horn with a 360o twist, occupying most of the abdominal cavity. The left uterine horn was about 10 cm in diameter and firm, and cystic areas were observed on a reddish-black surface containing a large amount of bloody fluid. The right uterine horn was normal in appearance, but with a small amount of fluid, slightly viscous and translucent. The histopathological examination of the structure found in the left uterine horn showed areas of partially organized hematomas with red blood cells inside the vessels, without neoplastic or inflammatory cells. The definitive diagnosis was unilateral uterine twist, unrelated to the gestational or neoplastic process. Discussion : Uterine twist is an uncommon problem in most domestic species. The occurrence of this condition is higher in the gravid uterus, usually in pluriparous females at the end of gestation or delivery, or in non-pregnant bitches secondary to hemometra or pyometra. During uterine twist, occlusion of blood vessels occurs, with subsequent engorgement and vascular rupture, leading to intraluminal hemorrhage and tissue ischemia, which may lead to extravasation of blood into uterine lumen. Thus, the main suspect for the occurrence of unicornual twisting was hemometra in the left uterine horn, associated with relaxation of the uterine ligaments due to the advanced age of the patient. These factors may have favored abnormal mobility and the twist of the organ within the abdominal cavity, even in the absence of the most common predisposing factors, such as gestation and delivery. The rarity of the case is highlighted by the absence of a gestational process associated with the condition. In addition, due to the non-specific clinical signs, the difficulty in the accurate and immediate diagnosis was demonstrated, as well as the potential to cause a rapid clinical deterioration of the patient.

O figado, o maior tecido glandular do organismo, pode ser acometido por afeccoes localizadas, como neoplasias, abscessos e torcao do lobo, onde e indicada a hepatectomia parcial ou a lobectomia. Nesse experimento, avaliou-se a aplicabilidade e seguranca de uma forma modificada da tecnica de sutura em guilhotina para a lobectomia hepatica completa em gatos. Foram utilizados 13 gatos adultos jovens, sem raca definida, machos e clinicamente saudaveis. Empregou-se a tecnica de sutura em guilhotina de forma modificada na base do lobo hepatico lateral esquerdo, promovendo a hemostasia do orgao por meio de esmagamento dos tecidos. No periodo pos-operatorio, foram avaliados diversos parâmetros clinicos por 10 dias consecutivos e aos 11 dias apos a cirurgia realizou-se avaliacao ultrassonografica. Neste periodo, os parâmetros clinicos avaliados permaneceram dentro dos limites fisiologicos, demonstrando ausencia de complicacoes importantes decorrentes da cirurgia. Na modificacao da tecnica de guilhotina utilizada, dividiu-se a base do lobo hepatico em tres segmentos, permitindo que a sutura promovesse um adequado esmagamento do tecido hepatico e ligadura satisfatoria dos vasos sanguineos e ductos biliares, nao sendo observada hemorragia ou ascite nos exames clinicos e ultrassonograficos. Aos 11 dias apos a lobectomia, os figados apresentavam-se ultrassonograficamente normais com pequena area de hiperecogenicidade no local da ligadura, sugestiva de tecido cicatricial. A tecnica de sutura em guilhotina modificada foi considerada segura e com minima morbidade para a lobectomia hepatica em gatos.

The influence of the proximal tibia conformation in the rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) in dogs is still controversial, especially in Labrador Retrievers. The aim of this study was to compare the angles of the proximal tibia between Labrador Retrievers and other large breeds of dogs, both groups with and without CCL rupture. Radiographic images of 64 stifle joints were obtained and divided into four groups of 16 images. Group 1 consisted of Labrador dogs without orthopedic disorders, group 2 consisted of Labrador dogs with CCL rupture, group 3 consisted of dogs of various large breeds without orthopedic disorders, and group 4 consisted of dogs of various large breeds with CCL rupture. The radiographs were performed in mediolateral projection with the stifle joint positioned at an approximate angle of 135°. The tibial plateau angle showed an overall average of 22.17°±4.20°, and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. The patellar ligament angle in relation to the tibial plateau had a mean of 103°±4.20°, and there was a significant difference between groups 1 and 4. The patellar ligament angle in relation to the common tangent at the tibiofemoral contact point showed an average of 99.06°±6.08°, and there was no difference between the groups. The patellar ligament insertion angle had an overall average of 51.45°±5.06°, and there was a significant difference between the two groups of normal dogs and two groups of ruptured dogs. In conclusion, the tibial plateau angle, the patellar ligament angles and the patellar ligament insertion angle do not seem to be predisposing factors for rupture of the CCL in Labrador Retriever dogs. In general, there seems to be no relationship between the angles of the proximal tibia and the CCL rupture in dogs. RESUMOA influência da conformação da porção proximal da tíbia na ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial (LCC) em cães ainda é controversa, principalmente na raça Labrador Retriever. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os ângulos da tíbia proximal entre cães da raça Labrador Retriever e cães de outras raças grandes com e sem ruptura do LCC. Foram selecionadas 64 imagens radiográficas da articulação do joelho de cães, que foram divididas em quatro grupos com 16 imagens cada. O grupo 1 foi formado por cães da raça Labrador sem alterações ortopédicas, o grupo 2 por cães da raça Labrador com ruptura do LCC, o grupo 3 por cães de várias raças grandes sem alterações ortopédicas, e o grupo 4 por cães de diversas raças grandes com ruptura do LCC. Foram realizadas radiografias na projeção mediolateral com a articulação do joelho posicionada em angulação média de 135°. O ângulo do platô tibial apresentou média geral de 22,17°±4,20°, não sendo encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos. O ângulo do ligamento patelar em relação ao platô tibial apresentou média geral de 103,00°±4,20°, havendo diferença significativa entre os grupos 1 e 4. O ângulo do ligamento patelar em relação à tangente comum no ponto de contato tibiofemoral apresentou média geral de 99.06°±6.08°, não havendo diferença estatística entre os grupos. O ângulo de inserção do ligamento patelar teve média geral de 51.45°±5.06°, com diferença significativa entre os grupos dos cães normais e dos cães com ruptura. Conclui-se que o ângulo do platô tibial, os ângulos do ligamento patelar e o ângulo de inserção do ligamento patelar não parecem ser fatores predisponentes para a ruptura do LCC em cães da raça Labrador Retriever. Em geral, não há relação entre os ângulos da tíbia proximal e a ruptura do LCC em cães.

Background : The most common conditions that compromise the stifle joint in dogs are medial patellar luxation (MPL) and cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture. Surgical procedures are usually indicated for the treatment of these diseases. One ordinary technique for the treatment of MPL is the tibial tuberosity transposition, and one prominent technique for CCL rupture is the tibial tuberosity advancement. These techniques can be associated in one surgical procedure called tibial tuberosity transposition and advancement (TTTA) for the simultaneous treatment of both stifle diseases. The aim of this study is to report the surgical treatment of a dog with MPL and CCL rupture affecting the same joint by the TTTA technique with the use of a TTA-Maquet cage-only. Case : A 3-year-old Pitbull dog weighing 39 kg was attended at Veterinary Hospital with a history of marked lameness in the left pelvic limb. The orthopedic examination showed positive results for cranial drawer motion and tibial compression tests, and a complete CCL rupture was diagnosed. The presence of patellar luxation was evaluated by manual pressure on the patella, and grade 3 of MPL was diagnosed. Both conditions were affecting the same stifle joint. In addition, survey radiographs of the affected joint were performed. Surgical treatment was indicated by the TTTA technique. Radiographic measurements were taken to calculate the cranial tibial tuberosity advancement by the tibial plateau and the common tangent methods, and a titanium TTA-Maquet cage-only of 10.5 x 20.0 mm was selected. Linear osteotomy was performed on the tibial tuberosity with the aid of an oscillating saw, based on the Maquet hole technique. The tibial tuberosity was carefully displaced cranially and the cage was inserted at the site of osteotomy. The cage ears were molded on the tibial surface and fixed with 2.4 mm self-tapping cortical screws. At the moment of the cage attachment to the tibial tuberosity, orthopedic washers of 2 mm wide were placed between the cranial ears of the cage and the tibial tuberosity, thus promoting a lateral transposition of the tibial tuberosity. The patient was maintained in the early postoperative period with Robert Jones bandage, and with antibiotic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs. On the second day after the procedure partial limb support with presence of mild lameness was observed. At three months postoperatively, the animal had no claudication and MPL was corrected. The radiographic examination showed the proper process of bone repair at the osteotomy site. In the clinical evaluation performed at one year after surgery the patient was in good condition without lameness and with proper limb support and muscular gain. Discussion : The studies that evaluated the association of tibial tuberosity transposition and tibial tuberosity advancement techniques (TTTA) for the simultaneous treatment of MPL and CCL rupture demonstrated that this is a viable and effective procedure. In this report, the accomplishment of tibial osteotomy based on the Maquet hole and the advancement of the tibial tuberosity with the TTA-Maquet cage-only allowed the dynamic stabilization of the CCL deficient stifle and the early use of the affected limb. In addition, the TTTA technique proved to be effective for the correction of grade 3 of MPL in a large dog, allowing adequate recovery of the limb function without complications during a one year evaluation period.

Background: Articular cartilage has a limited capacity for regeneration and of the various treatments proposed, none have reached appropriate therapeutic effectiveness. This study aimed to evaluate autogenous osteochondral grafts in intact or macerated format, in association with or without insulin-like growth factor type-1 (IGF-1) in the repair of osteochondral defects induced in the femoral trochlear groove of rabbits.Materials, Methods & Results: Seventeen healthy White New Zealand rabbits were selected for this study. The rabbits were female, six months old, and had an average body weight of 4.5 kg. All 34 stifle joints were subjected to autogenous osteochondral grafting in the femoral trochlear groove. The joints were divided into four groups designated as intact osteochondral graft with IGF-1 (INT + IGF), intact osteochondral graft with physiological solution (INT + FIS), macerated osteochondral graft with IGF-1 (MAC + IGF), and macerated osteochondral graft with physiological solution (MAC + FIS). Serial evaluations were performed by orthopedic and radiographic examination. After 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively, the grafted area was subjected to macroscopic, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses. Although no statistically significant differences were found between the groups in relation to clinical, macroscopic, histological, and immunohistochemical aspects, a tendency of IGF-1 to promote tissue repair was evident. In the radiographic evaluation, the articular surface and the recipient site in both groups with IGF-1 showed significantly more effective filling (P ≤ 0.05). Regardless of the group, collagen type 2 production, as assessed by immunohistochemistry, was found to be appropriate on the grafted articular surface.Discussion: In extensive cartilage lesions, the use of intact osteochondral grafts may be infeasible due to donor site morbidity. An alternative is the use of macerated osteochondral grafts, which cover a larger area and act as a support and cellular source in the repair process. Growth factors have been evaluated in association with grafted tissues to aid tissue repair, and IGF-1 is currently prominent. In the radiographic analysis of the present study, when comparing sites subjected to osteochondral grafting, presence of the whole graft evidenced adequate local filling in all groups. However, graft integration was apparently rapid and effective in the INT + IGF and MAC + IGF groups from the sixth and ninth weeks of the procedure, respectively. In the macroscopic evaluation at the twelfth week, graft integration with the original cartilaginous tissue was more evident, especially in both groups treated with IGF-1. It is likely that the property of IGF-1 to increase chondrogenesis in the cartilage repair of articular lesions in vivo may have contributed to these results in radiographic and macroscopic examinations. Histological examination showed no significant difference between groups in the same period of time; however, it was observed that addition of IGF-1 promoted a more evident tissue reaction and cellular activation, potentiating the process of reabsorption and repair in the grafted tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis showed similar immunoreactivity for collagen type 2 in all groups as early as the sixth week. However, a small portion of these tissues cannot be considered true hyaline cartilage due to the absence of some typical features. In summary, addition of IGF-1 to the autogenous osteochondral graft seemed to stimulate reabsorption and replacement processes in the grafted tissue. The grafts showed adequate ability to repair articular cartilage, displaying formation of collagen type 2 similar to that in the original tissue.

Mixomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is one of the most common cardiac abnormalities in dogs and humans that can lead to cardiac heart failure (CHF). Its diagnosis remains based on echocardiography and clinical signs. However, the early diagnose of MMVD can contribute to a better prognosis and avoid CHF. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, radiographic and echocardiographic presence of CHF in dogs with MMVD in combination with a statistical model as a mathematical tool. For this purpose, dogs were divided into three groups (healthy; MMVD without CHF; and MMVD with CHF), according the clinical, radiographic and echocardiographic evaluation findings. Thus, linear discriminant functions were obtained by analyzing the variables weight, body surface area, aortic diameter, the ratio of the left atrium/aortic diameter, the ratio between the mitral regurgitation jet area and the left atrial area, vena contracta diameter and mitral valve proximal isovelocity surface area. Then, mathematical equations were established for each group of dogs. Statistical functions obtained in this study enabled to classify the dogs, regarding the presence of CHF with a probability of correct classification of 90.4%. Thus the statistical model demonstrated that it could be used as an auxiliary method for identifying CHF in dogs with MMVD. A doença mixomatosa da valva mitral (DMVM) é uma das alterações cardíacas mais comuns em cães e humanos, a qual pode levar à insuficiência cardíaca congestiva (ICC). O diagnóstico dessa alteração ocorre com base principalmente no exame ecocardiográfico e na presença de sinais clínicos. No entanto, o diagnóstico precoce da DMVM pode contribuir para um melhor prognóstico e evitar o desenvolvimento de ICC. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a presença de ICC em cães com DMVM, por meio de exames clínico, radiográfico e ecocardiográfico em combinação com um modelo estatístico. Para este propósito, os cães foram divididos em três grupos (sadios; DMVM sem ICC; e DMVM com ICC), de acordo com os achados dos exames realizados. Então, as funções lineares discriminantes foram obtidas por meio da análise das variáveis peso; superfície de área corporal; diâmetro aórtico; relação entre o diâmetro do átrio esquerdo e aórtico; relação entre a área do jato regurgitante mitral e a área do átrio esquerdo; diâmetro da vena contracta e área da isovelocidade proximal mitral (PISA). As equações matemáticas foram estabelecidas para cada grupo de cães e demonstraram ser possível classificar os animais de acordo com a presença de ICC, com uma probabilidade de classificação correta de 90,4%. Diante disso, o modelo estatístico poderia ser uma ferramenta auxiliar para a identificação de ICC em cães com DMVM.

As cardiopatias cursam com alteracoes do controle autonomico do coracao, resultando em taquicardia e consequente diminuicao na variabilidade da frequencia cardiaca (VFC). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se o desenvolvimento de insuficiencia cardiaca secundaria a degeneracao valvar mitral (DVM) leva a alteracoes no controle autonomico do coracao, as quais podem ser determinadas pela eletrocardiografia continua (Holter). Caes foram distribuidos em grupos experimentais apos avaliacao clinica e ecocardiografica da seguinte maneira: controle (saudaveis; n=6), DVM sem insuficiencia cardiaca (n=8) e DVM com insuficiencia cardiaca (n=13). Arritmias e VFC foram determinadas pelo Holter. Animais portadores de DVM, quando comparados ao controle, apresentaram diminuicao significativa da potencia total, a qual e representativa de toda a VFC. Somente caes doentes e com insuficiencia cardiaca apresentaram incidencia elevada de arritmias supraventriculares, frequencia cardiaca aumentada, pequena quantidade de pausas superiores a 2,0s entre batimentos consecutivos, permanencia por mais tempo em taquicardia do que em bradicardia, diminuido indice de alta frequencia (indicativo de controle parassimpatico) e elevado indice de baixa frequencia (indicativo de controle simpatico e parassimpatico), quando comparados ao controle (p

An evaluation of the electrocardiographic profile of 50 clinically healthy Quarter Horses, with ages ranging from six months to 28 years old, 34 females and 16 males, was performed. Heart rate has not decreased with age, and duration of the QRS complex increased with the growth of the animal. The amplitude of the S and T1 waves were higher in male subjects than in female Quarter Horses.

Objetivou-se por meio deste relato a ocorrência de fístula abomaso-umbilical em bezerro Girolando, descrevendo a sintomatologia clínica e tratamento instituído. Um bezerro com quatro meses de idade e 80 kg, apresentou histórico de onfaloflebite e lesão eritematosa com edemaciação umbilical. À inspeção física, verificou-se gotejamento de secreção esbranquiçada com aspecto leitoso e presença de orifício na região umbilical. Verificou-se pela palpação digital a presença de tecido pregueado semelhante mucosa abomasal. Por meio desses achados, sugeriu-se o diagnóstico de fístula abomaso-umbilical e procedeu-se a correção cirúrgica da lesão fistulante. Após 15 dias do tratamento instituído, o animal recebeu alta médica. Dessa forma, pôde-se concluir que, apesar de rara, essa patologia foi de fácil diagnóstico clínico e a terapia foi capaz promover a completa recuperação do animal.

RESUMO: Foi analisado o perfil eletrocardiográfico pré-cirúrgico de 124 cães submetidos a diferentes intervenções cirúrgicas com objetivo de relacionar as variáveis idade, sexo, porte, ausência ou presença de alterações cardiovasculares detectadas durante o exame físico e afecção cirúrgica com os achados eletrocardiográficos. Não foi observada associação entre essas variáveis e as alterações eletrocardiográficas. Um total de 79 animais (63,7%) apresentou algum tipo de alteração no eletrocardiograma. Assim, este estudo sugere que o exame eletrocardiográfico pré-cirúrgico é de grande valia, independente do sexo, idade, peso, histórico ou sinais clínicos associados a doença cardíaca. ABSTRACT: An analysis of the pre-surgical electrocardiographic profile was made of 124 dogs submitted to different surgical interventions to correlate the variables age, sex, size, absence or presence of cardiovascular abnormalities detected during physical examination and of the surgical cases with electrocardiographic findings. No association between these variables and electrocardiographic changes were observed. A total of 79 cães (63.7%) showed some type of change in the electrocardiogram. The study suggests that pre-surgical electrocardiographic examination is of great importance, regardless of sex, age, weight, historic or clinical signs associated with heart disease.

The measurement of cardiovascular features of wild animals is important, as is the measurement in pets, for the assessment of myocardial function and the early detection of cardiac abnormalities, which could progress to heart failure. Speckle tracking echocardiography (2D STE) is a new tool that has been used in veterinary medicine, which demonstrates several advantages, such as angle independence and the possibility to provide the early diagnosis of myocardial alterations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the left myocardial function in a maned wolf by 2D STE. Thus, the longitudinal, circumferential and radial strain and strain rate were obtained, as well as, the radial and longitudinal velocity and displacement values, from the right parasternal long axis four-chamber view, the left parasternal apical four chamber view and the parasternal short axis at the level of the papillary muscles. The results of the longitudinal variables were -13.52±7.88, -1.60±1.05, 4.34±2.52 and 3.86±3.04 for strain (%), strain rate (1/s), displacement (mm) and velocity (cm/s), respectively. In addition, the radial and circumferential Strain and Strain rate were 24.39±14.23, 1.86±0.95 and -13.69±6.53, -1.01±0.48, respectively. Thus, the present study provides the first data regarding the use of this tool in maned wolves, allowing a more complete quantification of myocardial function in this species. A obtenção de parâmetros cardiovasculares em animais selvagens são importantes de serem avaliados, assim como em animais de companhia, para a obtenção da função miocárdica e determinação precoce de alterações cardíacas que poderiam evoluir para insuficiência cardíaca . A ecocardiografia speckle tracking (2D STE) é uma ferramenta nova que tem sido utilizada em medicina veterinária, a qual tem demonstrado várias vantagens quanto ao seu uso, como a independência do ângulo de insonação e a possibilidade de se obter o diagnóstico precoce de alterações miocárdicas. Objetivou-se avaliar a função miocárdica esquerda de um lobo guará por meio do uso da 2D STE. Desta forma, foram obtidas as variáveis Strain e Strain Rate longitudinais, circunferenciais e radiais, assim como a velocidade e o deslocamento longitudinais e radiais, utilizando os cortes eixo longo paraesternal direito quatro câmaras, paraesternal esquerdo apical quatro câmaras e eixo curto paraesternal direito no plano dos músculos papilares. Os resultados das variáveis longitudinais fora -13,52±7,88, -1,60±1,05, 4,34±2,52 e 3,86±3,04 para Strain (%), Strain rate (1/s), deslocamento (mm) e velocidade (cm/s), respectivamente. Quanto ao Strain e Strain rate radiais e circunferenciais foram obtidos 24,39±14,23, 1,86±0,95 e -13,69±6,53, -1,01±0,48. Portanto, o presente estudo fornece os primeiros dados a respeito do uso desta ferramenta em lobos guarás, permitindo uma quantificação da função miocárdica de forma mais completa nesta espécie.

Avaliou-se o enxerto da fascia lata na substituição artroscópica do ligamento cruzado cranial (LCC), realizou-se a caracterização histológica do enxerto e da interface enxerto-osso e avaliou-se, por meio de exames artroscópicos e anatomopatológicos, o efeito da fisioterapia pós-operatória. Foram utilizados 16 cães, sem raça definida, machos, pesando entre 19,2 e 26,3kg, submetidos à ruptura experimental do LCC e subsequente substituição artroscópica desse ligamento pelo enxerto autógeno da fascia lata. Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos de oito cada: no grupo I, os cães foram submetidos ao programa de fisioterapia pós-operatória e, no grupo II, à imobilização temporária do membro. Os exames artroscópicos e histológicos mostraram alterações articulares sugestivas de processo degenerativo aos 60 dias após a cirurgia, que se apresentavam mais acentuadas nos cães do grupo II. Na análise histológica do enxerto, observou-se reorganização das fibras colágenas, que ocorreu de forma mais intensa e precoce nos animais do grupo I. Houve progressiva integração das fibras colágenas na interface enxerto-osso. Conclui-se que é viável utilizar a fascia lata como substituto do LCC por cirurgia artroscópica, que o enxerto sofre processos de ligamentação e de osteointegração, e que a fisioterapia reduz a progressão das alterações degenerativas e incentiva o processo de ligamentação do enxerto.

Background : It is believed that the inclined tibial plateau angle to be a major cause of cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture, and the treatment of this disease is the tibial plateau leveling for decrease the cranial tibial thrust. However, there are breeds predisposed to rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament and in this patterns breed the tibial plateau is more in­clined due to the conformation of the limb. The aim of this communication was to evaluate the effectiveness of the locking screw and cauterizing the growth plate of the tibial plateau as a preventive method of cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Case : In a young dog, one stifle joint randomly chosen for placing a screw in order to block the tibial plateau growth line. There was placed a 3.5 mm x 20 mm cancellous bone screw in the dorsocranial surface of the tibial plateau of the left hindlimb. Two months after the first surgical intervention, the contralateral limb was cauterized in the tibial plateau growth line. Electrocauterization was performed with a spatula electrode set at 60 watts, performing ablation on the cra­nial third of the tibial plateau physis with access to the medial and lateral surfaces of the proximal tibia. The electrode was placed against the physis for 10 seconds at each site. Both members were followed radiographically to measure the tibial plateau angle and observed the angle reduction. After 30 and 60 days post-surgery, the tibial plateau angle in left hindlimb decreased to 11 o and -4 o , respectively. However, the decrease plateau tibial angle was intense and severe and the screw was removed of the bone. However, even with the proximal tibial physis still open, withdrawing the screw did not alter the tibial plateau angle, which remained at -4o until the animal reached adulthood. The right left hindlimb was used as a control until the dog was 6 months old, when the tibial plateau angle exhibited a 26°. With the electrocauterization technique the tibial plateau angle decreased to 18° and 16° at 30 and 60 days after surgery, respectively, remaining at this last value until the animal completed its growth. Discussion : In the animals with cranial cruciate ligament rupture is indicate same surgical procedures like tibial plateau leveling osteotomy. In these cases, the recommended tibial plateau angle is aproximattely 5 o . This study sought to block the line of growth of the tibial plateau to be reached an angle of approximately 5 o . Epiphysiodesis technique with screw was already described for treating CCL rupture in young dogs, and the tibial plateau slope was reduced in all dogs studied. The surgical technique used was effective in blocking the physis; however, we observed that the tibial plateau slope was excessively modified and the screw was removed. This fact is explained by the dog’s immaturity, since the plateau leveling occurs more intensively in very young dogs. In epiphysiodesis using the electrocauterization technique, the same surgical principle of juvenile pubic symphysiodesis for treating coxofemoral dysplasia was used. However, in the current pilot study, it was unable to achieve the desired tibial plateau slope with this technique, possibly due to performing the procedure at an age in which the proximal tibial physis would have limited functional capacity. In this study, there was a reduction in the angle of the tibial plateau in both the techniques. However, further studies should be conducted to in order to confirm the actual effectiveness of both techniques described in this report. Keywords: cranial cruciate ligament, locking screw, electrocauterization, stifle joint

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:32:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-01-01 Background: Ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) are increasingly popular as pets. They require similar medical and surgical care as small animals, and orthopedic lesions are more and more common. Fracture diagnosis is based on history, orthopedic exam, and diagnostic imaging. The preferred treatment for femur fractures is surgery, which has a favorable outcome in the majority of cases. However, surgical fracture repair in ferrets can be challenging due to the small size of the bones. The objective of this paper is to report the surgical repair of a femoral fracture in a ferret using an external skeletal fixation system type IA connected to an intramedullary pin (tie-in configuration). Case: An adult ferret was referred to the veterinary hospital after being stepped on. The ferret was diagnosed with an oblique diaphyseal fracture of the left femur and surgery was recommended. Open fracture reduction was performed with a 1 mm intramedullary pin (Kirschner wire) placed in a retrograde direction into the proximal bone segment. After fracture reduction, the intramedullary pin was inserted into the distal bone segment. The external skeletal fixator type IA was created by the insertion of a 1.5 mm Schanz pin into the distal diaphysis and another, also 1.5 mm, inserted into the proximal metaphysis, both percutaneously. The three pins were connected externally to an aluminum bar with the aid of three staples to form a tie-in system. Rest and restriction of activity were recommended during the first month after surgery. The ferret recovered well and, at 120 days, orthopedic and radiographic exams showed complete fracture healing. The implant was removed and no functional changes related to ambulation were observed. Discussion: The orthopedic knowledge applied to ferrets commonly originates in procedures performed on cats and dogs. Overall, the main objective when dealing with fractures is to stabilize the broken bone to allow early ambulation. Due to the location and type of fracture, an external immobilization was contraindicated in this case. A plate was considered, but the small diameter of the femur and the consequent risk of iatrogenic fractures made this option not feasible. Therefore, the external skeletal fixator in a tie-in configuration was selected. This method permitted control of the forces acting on the fracture site and had the advantage of low cost and ease of application and removal. Nevertheless, the vast musculature that covers the femur could hinder the use of the external pins and lead to discomfort. The method has been reported with some changes in ferrets, though with inconclusive results due to lack of follow-up. In the present report, a less rigid method, type I, was used since types II and III have a biplanar configuration and were thus inadequate due to the possible contact between the fixator and the abdominal or inguinal region. The precautions taken during placement of the implant were the same as in cats and dogs since their anatomy follows the same pattern. The implant was rigid, light, and effective, allowing early weight-bearing on the affected limb without discomfort to the patient. As such, the external fixator type IA connected to the intramedullary pin in a tie-in configuration was an effective method for the treatment of the oblique diaphyseal femoral fracture in this ferret. Although it is not the recommended method for this type of fracture in cats and dogs, there were no complications in the ferret, with complete fracture healing and return to function of the affected limb. Since there has yet to be a consensus on the recommended procedures in these animals, reports of this nature are important due to the growing number of ferret patients in veterinary practice. Doutorado Terceiro Ciclo de Estudos em Ciências Veterinárias Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD) Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), MG Doutorado Programa de Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (FCAV-UNESP), SP Departamento de Medicina Veterinária UFLA M.V. Autônoma, MG Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) Doutorado Programa de Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (FCAV-UNESP), SP

An adult red-legged seriema (Cariama cristata) was referred for examination with history of trauma by capture. The physical examination revealed lameness in the right pelvic limb, sensibility to touch and open fracture of tarsumetatarsus. The treatment was done with surgical closed reduction using a external skeletal fixator type II with acrylic connecting bar. The surgical technique applied was satisfactory for the treatment of the fracture of tarsumetatarsus, since there was bone healing and functional return of the limb at 60 days after surgery.

The electrocardiography (ECG) QT interval is influenced by fluctuations in heart rate (HR) what may lead to misinterpretation of its length. Considering that alterations in QT interval length reflect abnormalities of the ventricular repolarisation which predispose to occurrence of arrhythmias, this variable must be properly evaluated. The aim of this work is to determine which method of correcting the QT interval is the most appropriate for dogs regarding different ranges of normal HR (different breeds). Healthy adult dogs (n=130; German Shepherd, Boxer, Pit Bull Terrier, and Poodle) were submitted to ECG examination and QT intervals were determined in triplicates from the bipolar limb II lead and corrected for the effects of HR through the application of three published formulae involving quadratic, cubic or linear regression. The mean corrected QT values (QTc) obtained using the diverse formulae were significantly different (ρ

Mitral flow propagation velocity (Vp) is an index used to evaluate the left ventricular diastolic function. Its influence on human and small animal cardiopathies has been studied; however there are few reports evaluating this variable in domestic felines. In addition, there is a lack of studies in non-sedated healthy cats. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to establish values for Vp and its correlation with other echocardiographic indexes in non-sedated healthy cats in order to provide new perspectives related to diastolic function in this species. Twenty-six clinically healthy cats were submitted to echocardiography to assess the animals' cardiac conditions. Variables such as age, heart rate (HR), body surface area (BSA), initial (E mitral) and late (A mitral) ventricular filling waves, isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) and E/IVRT relation were correlated to Vp. No proven relation between any of these variables and Vp was observed in this present study, except for HR and BSA. In the variability analysis, higher values were verified for inter-observer analysis. This study concludes that Vp proved to be an useful index for estimating left ventricular relaxation in non-sedated healthy domestic cats and provides reference ranges for this variable. A velocidade de propagação do fluxo mitral (Vp) é um índice utilizado para avaliação da função diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo. Sua importância nas cardiopatias em humanos e pequenos animais vem sendo estudada; porém, há poucos trabalhos avaliando essa variável em gatos domésticos. Nessa espécie, estudos utilizando animais saudáveis e não sedados não foram encontrados na literatura. Dessa forma, objetivou-se estabelecer os valores da Vp e sua correlação com outros índices ecocardiográficos em gatos domésticos saudáveis e não sedados, de forma a fornecer novas perspectivas relacionadas à função diastólica nessa espécie. Foram utilizados 26 gatos domésticos clinicamente saudáveis, submetidos à ecocardiografia para se avaliar a condição cardíaca dos animais. As variáveis idade, frequência cardíaca (FC), área de superfície corporal (SAC), idade, onda de enchimento ventricular inicial (E mitral) e tardio (A mitral), tempo de relaxamento isovolumétrico (TRIV) e a relação E/TRIV foram correlacionadas com a Vp. No presente estudo não foi observada correlação da Vp com nenhuma das variáveis estudas, exceto com a FC e o SAC. Quanto à análise de variabilidade, foi observado um maior valor para a análise inter-observador. O estudo permite concluir que a Vp demonstrou ser um índice útil para se estimar o relaxamento ventricular esquerdo em gatos domésticos saudáveis e não sedados, além de fornecer valores de referência para essa variável.

Um canino macho, sem raça definida, com três anos, pesando 36kg, foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, apresentando tosse noturna, intolerância ao exercício, cansaço freqüente, emagrecimento e episódios de síncope. O exame clínico revelou mucosas discretamente cianóticas, tempo de perfusão capilar aumentado, presença de sopro sistólico no ápice cardíaco esquerdo e sinais de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva. Foram realizados exames radiográficos, eletrocardiográficos e ecocardiográficos, sendo diagnosticada cardiomiopatia dilatada canina. A three year-old male mixed breed dog, weighing 36kg was presented to Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Veterinary Hospital, Brazil with history of nocturnal coughing, exercise intolerance, weakness, weight loss and syncopal episodes. Physical examination revealed cyanotic mucous membranes, prolonged capillary refill time, systolic regurgitant murmur at left apex and signs of congestive heart failure. Diagnostic techniques for heart disease were performed such as radiography, eletrocardiography and ecocardiography. These tests showed canine dilated cardiomyopathy.

A ten year-old male Poodle dog, weighing 3kg, was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of UFMG due to nocturnal coughing, exercise intolerance, weakness and weight loss. Physical examination revealed pale mucous membranes, prolonged capillary refill time, holosystolic regurgitant murmur at left apex and signs of congestive heart failure. M-mode, two-dimensional, and Doppler echocardiography revealed mitral chronic valvular disease

Background : : : : Surgical sterilization of male cats is one of the most commonly procedures in the small animals practice, used as a control method against the overpopulation of domestic cats. Orchiectomy also aims to prevent or treat hormone-mediated diseases, disorders of the reproductive organs, such as testicular cancer, orchitis, prostatic diseases, trauma or abscesses. In addition, it may be used to control undesirable changes in behavior in adult cats such as the case of territorial marking and aggression. Several surgical techniques are described for orchiectomy in cats using different methods of hemostasis and/or ligation of the spermatic cord. There is a paucity of scientific studies and comparative data that supports one technique over the other, so this experiment was conducted to compare the three major open surgical techniques of ligation of the spermatic vessels to perform orchiectomy in cats. Materials, Methods & Results : Thirty-nine young entire adult male cats, with an average weight of 2.7 kg, were divided into three groups. In group I, animals underwent orchiectomy using the suture technique to ligation of the spermatic cord. In group II, the spermatic cord was used to perform an “eight-knot” on itself. In group III, the vas deferens and spermatic cord were used together to make “square-knots”. The outcome of surgical procedures was assessed by clinical examination, incidence of complications trans and postoperatively, duration of the procedure and ease of implementation. None of the animals had immediate or delayed bleeding after hemostasis. During surgery, there was no significant difference in procedure duration among the three different techniques. Postoperatively, the overall clinical evaluation was normal and there were no changes in behavior in any animal. It was noted a statistically significant difference in respiratory rate among groups, with the GI animals showing high frequency at the postoperative period when compared to animals from GII and GIII. There were no major complications in any of the techniques used and the parameters showed no significant difference among the groups. Discussion : The three most widely used techniques to perform orchiectomy in cats were evaluated in this study. Even though the respiratory rate has been shown to be statistically different among the groups, it was not a significant factor, because all other parameters were normal. These clinical data reflect the absence of major complications of surgery such as infection, pain, hypotension, hypovolemia or shock. In the current study, only adult cats were used and the structures of the spermatic cord showed strong and efficient ligation of testicular vessels with the techniques used. It was clinically observed that there was more edema in the group whose ligature employed was the suture technique. The catgut acts as a foreign body and interferes with the inflammatory reaction, the time of absorption and wound healing. The “eight-knot” technique is safe and effective, however, requires greater skill of the surgeon when compared to other techniques evaluated. The technique of “square-knot” resulted in less tissue manipulation without damaging the spermatic vessels, demonstrated by the absence of bleeding and minimal inflammatory reaction. This technique was effective, without complications postoperatively and easy to perform. These data suggest that the three techniques are considered easy and efficacious to perform orchiectomy in cats, but the technique of “square-knot” performed seems to be easier .

Foi desenvolvida e descrita uma técnica cirúrgica para fistulação e canulação do rúmen em animais utilizados nos estudos de nutrição animal. O método cirúrgico foi empregado para canulação de 25 vacas e oito cordeiros. A fistulação permanente foi realizada no centro da fossa paralombar esquerda em estágio operatório único. Uma cânula de borracha foi implantada na parede ruminal após o afastamento da musculatura da parede abdominal e a sutura do rúmen ao peritôneo e à pele. Não foram observadas complicações graves advindas da canulação ruminal, mas houve a ocorrência de discreto vazamento de conteúdo em alguns animais. As cânulas permaneceram funcionais por longo período e permitiram a obtenção de quantidades suficientes de amostra. A surgical technique for rumen fistulation and cannulation was developed for animal nutritional studies. The surgical method was used to cannulated 25 adult cows and eight lambs. The permanent fistula was made in the middle of the left paralumbar fossa in a one-stage operation. It was performed the spreading of the abdominal muscle layers and the sutures from the rumen to the peritoneum and to the skin, and the rubber cannula was inserted into the rumen wall. No severe complication was observed in ruminal cannulation, but minor leakages were observed in some animals. The cannulas had a long functional life and permited convenient sampling of digesta.

Avaliou-se o perfil eletrocardiográfico de 60 eqüinos da raça Mangalarga Marchador, clinicamente sadios, com idades variando de um a 28 anos, sendo 39 fêmeas e 21 machos. A freqüência cardíaca tendeu a diminuir com a idade e a amplitude da onda P aumentou ao longo do crescimento do animal. Os parâmetros de duração de QRS e amplitude de S foram maiores em machos que em fêmeas. For the electrocardiographic evaluation of Mangalarga Marchador breed horses, 60 electrocardiograms were recorded from clinically healthy equines aging from one to 28-year-old, being 39 females and 21 males. The heart rate tended to decrease with age and the amplitude of P wave increased with the growth of the animals. The duration of the QRS complex and the amplitude of S wave were greater in males than in females.

Gestational period in a bitch, after natural mating with a normal dog, was evaluated by two-dimensional conventional, high-resolution two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasonography. High-resolution two-dimensional ultrasonography show better image and provides early diagnosis of pregnancy (15 days) in comparison to conventional one (20 days). Three-dimensional ultrasonography was use to evaluate fetal morphology during late gestation period, however its application is still limited.

We present a compared experimental investigation of the (a,b) plane vortex-state complex resistivity at 48 GHz in YBaCuO, SmBaCuO and BiSrCaCuO (2212). In YBaCuO and SmBaCuO the field dependence of the response can be consistently described by a combination of flux flow and strong pair breaking due to the presence of lines of nodes in the gap. In BiSrCaCuO (2212), by contrast, the data might be described by the pair breaking alone., 4 printed pages, 3 eps figures, uses elsart.cls and elsart3.cls styles, presented at SNS2004, accepted for publication on J. Phys. Chem. Solids

Investigaram-se os efeitos do ozônio nas lesões de reperfusão intestinais de eqüinos. Induziu-se obstrução vascular (2h) seguida de reperfusão (12h) e os animais receberam os seguintes protocolos: não tratado (n=7, 500ml solução salina 0,9%) e tratado com ozônio (n=6, 50µgkg-1). Amostras intestinais foram examinadas em 0, 1, 2h (obstrução) e 1, 2, 12h (reperfusão). Os seguintes escores histomorfológicos apresentaram-se significativamente atenuados: na região da mucosa - desprendimento epitelial, infiltrado de neutrófilos e hemorragia; na submucosa - infiltrado de neutrófilos e edema. Essas diferenças ocorreram na fase inicial da reperfusão, coincidindo com a geração de radicais livres derivados do oxigênio. Os efeitos conservadores observados podem estar associados à modulação de enzimas antioxidantes, ou à propriedades bioquímicas do ozônio, que interferiram com etapas bioquímicas da reperfusão, representando uma alternativa terapêutica para o tratamento de pacientes acometidos por abdome agudo. This study was designed to investigate the effects of ozone on attenuating jejunum reperfusion injury in horses. Vascular obstruction(2h)/reperfusion(12h) was induced and the animals received the following protocols: not treated (n=7, 500ml saline solution) or treated with ozone (n=6, 50µg.kg-1). Intestinal samples were histomorphologically examined at 0, 1, 2h (obstructive) and 1, 2, 12h (reperfusion phase). The following scores were significantly attenuated: mucosal region- epithelial loss, neutrophil infiltration and hemorrhage; submucosal region- neutrophil infiltration and edema. These effects may be related to the antioxidant enzyme modulation, or ozone biochemical properties, which interfered with biochemical steps of reperfusion injury. The results indicate an alternative for the treatment of equine acute abdomen.

Este estudo teve como objetivo estabelecer os índices ecocardiográficos modo-M normais de cães da raça Pastor Alemão do canil da Polícia Militar do Estado de Minas Gerais. Sessenta cães clinicamente sadios foram submetidos ao exame ecocardiográfico. O diâmetro interno do ventrículo direito na diástole e do ventrículo esquerdo na diástole e na sístole, massa ventricular esquerda, dimensão do arco aórtico e átrio esquerdo, espessura do septo interventricular e parede posterior do ventrículo esquerdo na diástole e sístole tiveram correlações significativas com o peso corporal. A relação espessura do septo interventricular e parede posterior, no final da diástole, relação diâmetro do átrio esquerdo e aorta, porcentagem de espessamento sistólico do septo interventricular, porcentagem de espessamento sistólico da parede posterior de ventrículo esquerdo e porcentagem de encurtamento sistólico do diâmetro ventricular esquerdo não se correlacionaram com o peso corporal, sexo ou idade.

Sixty clinically normal German shepherd dogs, 31 males and 29 females, ranging in age from 1 and 5 years and with a body weight ranging from 22 to 37.2 kg, were examined by the two-dimensional mode, M-mode, and Doppler echocardiography. In Doppler mode, the mitral valve flows were obtained, where the aim was to determine the velocity peaks and ratios of the E and A waves and the mitral E wave deceleration time. The velocity peaks were obtained for the tricuspid, pulmonary and aortic valves. On the left ventricular outflow tract flow, the time velocity integral and aortic cross-sectional area was used to calculate the cardiac output. A statistically significant correlation with the body weight was found for the systolic left atrial and diastolic aortic diameter on two-dimensional mode. On M-mode, there was a significant correlation between the body weight and the systolic left atrium and diastolic aortic dimension, systolic and diastolic left ventricular, septal and posterior wall dimensions. Doppler echocardiography showed that there was no significant correlation between the body weight and the mitral, tricuspid, pulmonary and aortic valves flows. These results demonstrate that it is important to know the normal echocardiographic values for German shepherd dogs because there are some characteristics peculiar to this particular breed. The data obtained is expected to be helpful for studies on small animal cardiology.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:55:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-06-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:29:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-736X2018000601190.pdf: 1159473 bytes, checksum: 074a1f2f686aefd1482d68fe1728de66 (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) A influência dos ângulos da parte proximal da tíbia sobre a ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial (LCC) em cães é ainda controversa, e pouco é descrito sobre este tópico em gatos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e comparar os ângulos da tíbia proximal em cães e gatos, ambas as espécies com e sem ruptura do LCC. Foram obtidos exames radiográficos retrospectivos e prospectivos das articulações do joelho e divididos em quatro grupos: no grupo 1 foram incluídas 70 imagens radiográficas da articulação do joelho de cães sem distúrbios ortopédicos (cães saudáveis), no grupo 2 foram 70 imagens radiográficas articulação do joelho de cães com ruptura do LCC, no grupo 3 foram 50 imagens radiográficas da articulação do joelho de gatos sem distúrbios ortopédicos (gatos saudáveis), e no grupo 4 foram 25 imagens radiográficas articulação do joelho de gatos com ruptura do LCC. As imagens radiográficas da articulação do joelho foram obtidas na projeção mediolateral, mantendo-se a articulação posicionada na angulação de apoio do membro pélvico. Em relação ao ângulo do platô tibial (APT), os cães com ruptura do LCC tiveram estatisticamente maiores valores médios do APT quando comparados aos cães saudáveis. Não foi observada diferença significativa em relação ao APT entre os gatos saudáveis e os gatos com ruptura do LCC. Em relação ao ângulo do ligamento patelar mensurado pelo método do platô tibial, os valores médios observados para os cães saudáveis foram significativamente mais elevados do que os valores encontrados para os cães com ruptura do LCC. De forma semelhante, os gatos saudáveis também apresentaram valores médios mais elevados do que os gatos com ruptura do LCC. Para o ângulo do ligamento patelar mensurado pelo método da tangente comum, não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos de cães. No entanto, entre os dois grupos de gatos, os animais com ruptura do LCC apresentaram valores médios significativamente mais elevados do que os gatos saudáveis. Em geral, os grupos de cães demonstraram valores médios mais elevados quando comparados aos grupos de gatos. Em relação ao ângulo de inserção do ligamento patelar (AILP), os cães saudáveis apresentaram valores médios significativamente mais elevados do que os cães com ruptura do LCC. No entanto, não foi observada diferença significativa entre os dois grupos de gatos. Em conclusão, o APT e o AILP possivelmente exercem influência na etiologia da ruptura do LCC em cães, mas não influenciam nos gatos. Em gatos, os reduzidos ângulos do ligamento patelar observados pelo método da tangente comum podem influenciar favoravelmente na baixa incidência da ruptura do LCC nessa espécie. The influence of the proximal tibial angles in the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture in dogs is still controversial, and little is known regarding this topic in cats. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the angles of the proximal portion of the tibia in dogs and cats with and without CCL rupture. Retrospective and prospective radiographs of the stifle joints were obtained and divided into four groups. Group 1 was composed of 70 stifle joint images of dogs without orthopedic disorders (healthy dogs), group 2 had 70 stifle joint images of dogs with CCL rupture, group 3 had 50 stifle joint images of cats without orthopedic disorders (healthy cats) and group 4 had 25 stifle joint images of cats with CCL rupture. Radiographs were taken with the stifle joint in the mediolateral projection, positioned at the angle of hind limb support. Between the two groups of dogs evaluated, the dogs with CCL rupture had statistically greater tibial plateau angle (TPA) compared with healthy dogs. No difference was shown in relation to the TPA between healthy cats and cats with CCL rupture. In relation to the patellar ligament angle by tibial plateau method the values for the healthy dogs were significantly higher than those for the CCL ruptured dogs. Similarly, healthy cats had significantly higher mean values than cats with CCL rupture. In the patellar ligament angle by common tangent method there was no significantly difference between the two groups of dogs. Between the two groups of cats, animals with CCL rupture had statistically higher mean values than healthy cats. In general, the groups of dogs showed higher mean values than the groups of cats. For the patellar ligament insertion angle (PLIA) healthy dogs showed a significantly higher mean than dogs with CCL rupture. There was no significant difference between the groups of cats. In conclusion, the TPA and the PLIA possibly influence the etiology of CCL rupture in dogs but not in cats. The low patellar ligament angle measured by common tangent method may favorably influence the reduced incidence of CCL rupture in cats. Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Av. Doutor Sylvio Menicucci 1001, Cx. Postal 3037 Setor de Cirurgia Veterinária Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Av. Doutor Sylvio Menicucci 1001, Cx. Postal 3037 Setor de Diagnóstico por Imagem Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Av. Doutor Sylvio Menicucci 1001, Cx. Postal 3037 Setor de Clínica Médica de Pequenos Animais Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Av. Doutor Sylvio Menicucci 1001, Cx. Postal 3037 Residência em Clínica Cirúrgica em Animais de Companhia Escola de Veterinária Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627 Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, SP Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, SP

The relationship between the diameter of the left atrium (LA) and aorta (Ao) is considered as a prognostic factor in chronic mitral valve disease. As the left atrium is a three-dimensional structure, methods based on measurement of the chamber volume can be more accurate than linear methods.The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of measuring LA volume with 2D echocardiography using the biplane modified Simpson (SIMP) method in 33 dogs with various classes of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), as well as to present values of LA function using the atrial diastolic and systolic volume indices (ADVI and ASVI), cardiac index (ACI) and atrial ejection fraction (AEF). We observed agreement among the LA/Ao ratio and the atrial volume indices (ADVI and ASVI) and the ACI, suggesting that the values of the variables increase as the LA/Ao ratio increases due to atrial remodeling that accompanies MMVD progression. The data demonstrated a good assessment of atrial function, allowing a better understanding of LA's role in the pathophysiology of MMVD.

RESUMO: Este trabalho teve o objetivo de determinar as características e a aplicabilidade do exame de ressonância magnética na avaliação de enxerto ostecondral autógeno, em formato íntegro ou macerado, associado ou não ao fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina tipo 1 (IGF-1), utilizado no reparo de lesões induzidas na cartilagem articular de coelhos. Foram utilizados 9 coelhos da linhagem Nova Zelândia, em que as 18 articulações fêmoro-tíbio-patelares foram submetidas à enxertia osteocondral autógena no sulco troclear femoral. Estas foram divididas em quatro grupos, denominados como enxerto osteocondral íntegro + IGF-1 (n=5), enxerto osteocondral íntegro + solução fisiológica (n=4), enxerto osteocondral macerado + IGF-1 (n=5) e enxerto osteocondral macerado + solução fisiológica (n=4). Os animais foram eutanasiados em 12 semanas após a cirurgia e as articulações foram submetidas ao exame de ressonância magnética utilizando um aparelho scanner de 1,5 Tesla de alto campo magnético. Além disso, amostras dos locais de enxertia foram submetidas aos exames anatomopatológicos. O exame de ressonância magnética mostrou-se eficaz como um método não invasivo para avaliação do tecido de reparação em enxertos osteocondrais na cartilagem articular do fêmur de coelhos, fornecendo dados complementares aos exames macroscópicos e histológicos. Por meio destas imagens e dos exames anatomopatológicos, foram observados resultados satisfatórios em relação ao processo de reparação dos enxertos osteocondrais autógenos na cartilagem de coelhos, independentemente de seu formato ou da adição de IGF-1. ABSTRACT: This study aimed to determine the characteristics and applicability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of autogenous osteochondral graft in intact or macerated format, with or without insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1) used in repair of cartilage lesions induced in rabbits. Nine New Zealand rabbits were used, in which 18 stifle joints underwent grafting procedure in the femoral trochlear groove. These were divided into four groups, referred as intact osteochondral graft + IGF-1 (n=5), intact osteochondral graft + saline solution (n=4), macerated osteochondral graft + IGF-1 (n=5) and macerated osteochondral graft + saline solution (n=4). Animals were euthanized 12 weeks after surgery and the joints were subjected to MRI using a high magnetic field scanner of 1.5 Tesla. In addition, samples of grafting sites were subjected to anatomopathological examination. The MRI was effective as a noninvasive method to evaluate the repair tissue in osteochondral grafts in articular cartilage of the femur of rabbits by providing complementary data to macroscopic and histological examinations. Through these images and anatomopathological examinations satisfactory results were observed in relation to the repair process of autogenous osteochondral grafts in cartilage of rabbits, regardless of its format or the addition of IGF-1.

Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar a estabilidade craniocaudal e rotacional da articulação femorotibiopatelar (FTP) durante o apoio, bem como mensurar sua goniometria de flexão e extensão, após o emprego das técnicas intra-articular, extra-articular e osteotomia de nivelamento do platô tibial (TPLO) em membros de cães com ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial (LCCr). Foram utilizados 30 membros pélvicos de cães, divididos em três grupos, segundo a técnica de estabilização empregada. Os espécimes foram preparados e montados em um aparelho para realização dos testes com aplicação de carga axial de 40% do peso corporal do animal. As análises foram realizadas antes da ruptura do LCCr, após a ruptura do LCCr e após a estabilização cirúrgica. A estabilidade craniocaudal foi avaliada pelas imagens obtidas com uma câmera fotográfica de alta resolução no plano sagital e a estabilidade rotacional por aquelas realizadas no plano dorsal. As fotografias foram realizadas em triplicatas e analisadas em software de processamento de imagens. A goniometria foi mensurada nos três tempos com um goniômetro transparente. As respostas paramétricas foram analisadas por ANOVA no teste de Fisher e pelos testes de Friedman e Kruskal-Wallis para as respostas não paramétricas. As diferenças foram consideradas significativas para p

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico A ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial (LCCr) é uma das afecções ortopédicas mais comuns em pequenos animais e no homem. Diversas técnicas de tratamento foram descritas, sendo as técnicas minimamente invasivas guiadas por artroscopia muito utilizadas em humanos e cães, mas ainda pouco descrita em gatos. Métodos de reabilitação pós operatória são geralmente associados aos tratamentos cirúrgicos e a laserterapia de baixa potência é um recurso fisioterapêutico que pode favorecer o retorno precoce das funções de membros lesionados. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o efeito da laserterapia de baixa potência no tratamento da ruptura do LCCr de gatos. Foram utilizados 16 gatos adultos que foram submetidos a cirurgia de ruptura experimental do LCCr do membro direito e tratamento imediato guiado por videoartroscopia. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos. Somente um grupo foi tratado com laserterapia. Foi utilizado laser GaAs de 904 nm, aplicados em quatro pontos da articulação fêmoro-tíbio-patelar (FTP) direita na dose de 4 J/cm² a cada 48 horas, durante 21 dias. Os animais foram avaliados antes da cirurgia e aos 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias após o procedimento quanto ao grau de claudicação, mensuração da circunferência dos membros, análises do líquido sinovial, radiográfica e cinemática. Foi possível a realização do procedimento artroscópico na articulação FTP de gatos de forma semelhante ao realizado em cães. Os animais tratados demonstraram início do retorno da função do membro a partir de 30 dias de pós operatório, com resultados diferentes entre os grupos nos dias 45 e 60 de pós operatório. Em ambos os grupos verificou-se o desenvolvimento do processo articular degenerativo, mas as alterações observadas no grupo tratado foram mais discretas. A laserterapia exerce efeito benéfico sobre a articulação FTP de gatos no tratamento da ruptura do LCCr. The cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) rupture is one of the most frequent orthopedic affection in small animals and humans. Several treatments techniques have been described, been the minimally invasive video assisted arthroscopical technique extensively utilized in humans and dogs, but still few described in cats. Pos operatory rehabilitation methods are generally associated to the surgical treatment and the low level lasertherapy is a physiotherapeutic tool that may allow early return of function of injured members. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of low level lasertherapy in the treatment of the CrCL rupture in cats. 16 adult cats were submitted to the video assisted arthroscopic surgery of experimental rupture of the CrCL and immediate treatment. The animals were divided in two groups. Only one group was treated with low level lasertherapy. An GaAs laser with 904 nm was used in four points of the right stifle joint at 4 J/cm² every 48 hours during 21 days. The animals were evaluated before surgery and at days 15, 30, 45 and 60 after surgery for the degree of lameness, circumferential measurement of members and synovial fluid, radiographic, goniometric and kinematical analysis. Is was possible to perform the video assisted arthroscopic procedure in the stifle joint of cats in a way similar in dogs. The treated animals showed begining of return of function at 30 days pos op, with different results beetween groups at 45 and 60 days pos op. In both groups the degenerative articular process was verified, but in the low level lasertherapy treated group more discrete alterations were verified. The low level lasertherapy has benefic effect on cat´s stifle joints in the CrCL rupture treatment.

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o compósito de polihidroxibutirato 70% e hidroxiapatita 30% na forma de placa de fixação óssea em gatos. Foram usadas placas com 60mm de comprimento, 10mm de largura e espessura variando de 3 a 5mm, com seis orifícios. As placas foram submetidas aos testes de flexão, compressão e torção, empregando como referência placas de aço. Os resultados foram semelhantes para as forças máximas e torque máximo. A reação tecidual ao compósito foi avaliada por implantação subcutânea na região lombar e por implantação óssea no fêmur direito em 12 gatos adultos jovens. Os gatos foram divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos de acordo com o tempo de avaliação. As avaliações nos tecidos subcutâneo e ósseo foram realizadas aos 15, 30 e 45 dias e aos 30, 60 e 90 dias respectivamente. A reação subcutânea ao compósito foi caracterizada por uma reação inflamatória granulomatosa com infiltrado inflamatório misto. No tecido ósseo verificou-se em torno do implante a formação de uma camada de tecido conjuntivo fibroso com infiltrado inflamatório composto por mononucleares e células gigantes. A placa de compósito foi empregada na fixação de osteotomia de fêmur em quatro gatos, totalizando seis intervenções. Verificou-se a ruptura de cinco placas ( 83,33%) até o quarto dia e de uma placa (16,67%) aos 21 dias quando o animal já apresentava um calo ósseo exuberante. Os resultados obtidos no teste tecidual mostraram que o compósito não é osteocondutor e não permite a invasão vascular. Os testes mecânicos e a implantação da placa mostraram que o compósito não é apropriado para emprego como placa de fixação óssea em gatos The aim of this study was to evaluate the composite of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) 70% and hydroxyapatite (HA) 30% as plates for bone fixation in cats. The employed composite plates presented six orifices and measured 60 and 10 mm, length and width respectively, with thickness ranging from 3 to 5 mm. The plates were subjected to bending, compression and torsion tests, using as reference a 2 mm stainless steel plate. The results were similar for the maximum forces and torque. For the in vivo evaluation, samples of composite were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue and in the femur. Twelve adult mixed-breed cats were used. The cats were randomly distributed into three groups; GI, GII, and GIII, according to the time of evaluation. The assessments were performed at days 15, 30, and 45 for the subcutaneous tissue and at days 30, 60, and 90 for the osseous one. The reaction to the subcutaneous composite was characterized by a granulomatous inflammatory response. In bone, there was formation of a layer of fibrous connective tissue around the composite with predominance of macrophages and giant cells. The composite plate was used in the fixation of femoral osteotomy in four cats, in a total of six interventions. There were ruptures in five plates (83.33%) until Day 4 and in one plate (16.67%) on the Day 21. The results of tissue evaluation demonstrated that the composite does not allow vascular invasion and that it is not osteoconductive. The mechanical tests revealed the minimal ductility of the composite and the clinical results evidenced that the composite does not have sufficient strength to be used as plate of femoral fixation in cats