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The literature contains little information on several non-clinical factors such as the association between graduate residency programs and the application of minimally invasive dentistry, or on dentists’ clinical decision-making processes for replacing restorations for esthetic reasons. This study evaluated whether non-clinical subjective factors influence the treatment decisions made by Brazilian dentists regarding technical and esthetic matters. Dentists were invited to participate in a cross-sectional survey by answering an electronic questionnaire containing clinical cases, regarding what treatment they would select for: T1 - a molar tooth with significant crown destruction and spontaneous pain, and T2 - premolar teeth with extensive amalgam restorations and no carious lesion or associated complaint. The survey also included questions about subjective variants (sociodemographic and professional). Chi Square test and Fischer’s Exact test were used to analyze the answers to T1, and one-factor analysis of variance and post-hoc Tamhane were applied to T2. The significance level was set at 5% for all analyses. A total 302 professionals participated in the study. For T1, it was found that clinical decision-making was influenced by the Brazilian region of clinical practice (p=0.005). For T2, a significant association was found between increased loss of patient tooth tissues and whether the professional had completed a residency program in Operative Dentistry (p=0.035), worked in a private practice (p=0.033), or if most of his/her patients belonged to a high estimated socioeconomic level (household income above $4350) (p=0.002). In conclusion, the clinical decision-making of Brazilian dentists varies according to professional profile, mainly with relation to the replacement of restorations due to esthetic concerns.

The text explores the production of statistics on public sector governance in Brazil both by the official statistical office (IBGE) and other producers, most of them control agencies. The article gives details about the main data sources. Some challenges and perspectives related to regular and comprehensive production are explored. There is also an example of analysis with data on transparency in municipal government collected using different methodologies. This exercise shows some issues faced when one tries to put together different data sources.

The literature contains little information on several non-clinical factors such as the association between graduate residency programs and the application of minimally invasive dentistry, or on dentists' clinical decision-making processes for replacing restorations for esthetic reasons. This study evaluated whether non-clinical subjective factors influence the treatment decisions made by Brazilian dentists regarding technical and esthetic matters. Dentists were invited to participate in a cross-sectional survey by answering an electronic questionnaire containing clinical cases, regarding what treatment they would select for: T1 - a molar tooth with significant crown destruction and spontaneous pain, and T2 - premolar teeth with extensive amalgam restorations and no carious lesion or associated complaint. The survey also included questions about subjective variants (sociodemographic and professional). Chi Square test and Fischer's Exact test were used toanalyzetheanswers to T1, and one-factor analysis of variance and post-hoc Tamhane were applied to T2. The significance level was set at 5% for all analyses. A total 302 professionals participated in the study. For T1, it was found that clinical decision-making was influenced by the Brazilian region of clinical practice (p=0.005). For T2, a significant association was found between increased loss of patient tooth tissues and whether the professional had completed a residency program in Operative Dentistry (p=0.035), worked in a private practice (p=0.033), or if most of his/her patients belonged to a high estimated socioeconomic level (household income above $4350) (p=0.002). In conclusion, the clinical decision-making of Brazilian dentists varies according to professional profile, mainly with relation to the replacement of restorations due to esthetic concerns.Vários fatores não clínicos, como a associação entre programas de especialização e a aplicação da odontologia minimamente invasiva, ainda são escassos na literatura. Outro aspecto relevante é a tomada de decisão clínica do dentista quanto à substituição de restaurações em função da aparência estética. Este estudo avaliou se fatores subjetivos não clínicos influenciam na tomada de decisão clínica de dentistas brasileiros com base em questões técnicas e estéticas. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com um questionário eletrônico contendo casos clínicos que foram apresentados a uma lista de profissionais. No questionário, interrogou-se o tratamento proposto para um dente molar com destruição coronária significativa e dor espontânea (T1). Também foi questionado o tratamento proposto para dentes prémolares com extensas restaurações de amálgama e sem lesão cariosa ou queixas associadas (T2). Em seguida, foram questionadas as variantessubjetivas(sociodemográfica eprofissional). Na análise de T1, foram utilizados os testes Qui Quadrado e Exato de Fischer. Em T2, foi aplicada a análise de variância de um fator e post-hoc Tamhane. Para todas as análises, o nível de significância foi estabelecido em 5%. Um total de 302 profissionais participaram deste estudo. A tomada de decisão clínica para T1 foi influenciada pela região brasileira de prática clínica (p = 0,005). Em T2, realizar especialização em Dentística Operatória (p = 0,035), trabalhar em consultório particular (p = 0,033) e a maioria dos pacientes apresentar nível socioeconômico estimado elevado (renda familiar acima de R$10.000,00) (p = 0,002) aumentou significativamente a perda de tecidos dentários. Em conclusão, a tomada de decisão clínica dos dentistas brasileiros varia de acordo com o perfil dos profissionais, principalmente no que se refere à substituição de restaurações por questões estéticas.

Objetivo: conhecer as principais práticas adotadas atualmente por cirurgiões dentistas, clínicos gerais e endodontistas na realização do tratamento endodôntico. Material e Métodos: um questionário contendo 21 perguntas de múltipla escolha foi enviado para os profissionais, nas cinco regiões do país. As perguntas abordaram o tempo de experiência, tipos de técnicas, materiais e recursos auxiliares. Resultados: a maior parte dos respondentes são do Sudeste e Sul, endodontistas há menos de 10 anos. Realizam até 20 tratamentos/mês, utilizam localizador apical, instrumentação manual com limas de aço inoxidável associada a brocas gates glidden/largo, lupa e isolamento absoluto. O hipoclorito de sódio (2,5 a 5%) e o EDTA são os irrigantes mais utilizados juntamente com o ultrassom. O tratamento é feito em sessão única, porém o diagnóstico pulpar pode alterar o número de sessões. Quando é necessário o uso de medicação intracanal, o hidróxido de cálcio associado a outras formulações é a primeira escolha. Para obturação do sistema de canais radiculares é utilizada a técnica de condensação lateral e o cimento à base de óxido de zinco e eugenol. O selamento coronário entre sessões é feito com coltosol e com cimento de ionômero de vidro ao término do tratamento, quando os pacientes são encaminhados a outro profissional para restauração final. Atualizam-se através de artigos científicos e mostram abertura para testar novos produtos. Conclusão: a maioria dos participantes aderem a práticas atuais com uso de novas tecnologias durante o tratamento e se atualizam através da leitura de artigos científicos Objective: to be aware of the main practices currently adopted by general dentists and endodontists when performing endodontic treatments. Material and methods: a questionnaire containing 21 multiple-choice questions was sent to professionals in the five regions of Brazil. These questions covered experience time, techniques, materials and auxiliary resources. Results: most participants are from the Southeast and South regions of Brazil and have been specialized in endodontic for less than 10 years. They perform up to 20 treatments per month, use apex locator, manual instrumentation with stainless steel files associated with gates-glidden or largo burs, magnifying loupes and absolute isolation. Sodium hypochlorite (2.5 to 5.0%) and EDTA are the most used substances for irrigation associated with ultrasound. The treatment is done in a single visit, but pulp diagnosis might alter the number of visits. When intracanal medication is required, calcium hydroxide associated with other formulations is the first choice. For root canal filling, lateral condensation technique, zinc oxide and eugenol based sealers are used. Coronal sealing between sessions is done with Coltosol® and glass ionomer cement at the end of treatment, when patients are referred to another professional for final restoration. These professionals update their knowledge with scientific articles and show availability to test new products. Conclusion: most participants have been adhering to current practices (new technologies) during treatment and has kept updated by reading scientific articles

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Oxygen and Argon plasma on gutta-percha surfaces. A total of 185 flat smooth gutta-percha surfaces were used. Samples were divided into groups: control: no plasma treatment; Oxygen: treatment with Oxygen plasma for 1min; Argon: treatment with Argon plasma for 1min. Samples were evaluated topographically by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy; and chemically by Fourier Transform-infrared Spectroscopy. A goniometer was used to determine the surface free energy and the wettability of the endodontic sealers. Additionally 60 bovine teeth were filled using pellets of gutta-percha (control, oxygen and argon plasma) and the sealers. Teeth were evaluated by push-out and microleakage tests. Data were statistically analyzed using specific tests. Argon plasma did not change the surface topography, while Oxygen plasma led to changes. Both treatments chemically modified the gutta-percha surface. Argon and Oxygen plasma increased the surface free energy and favored the wettability of AH Plus and Pulp Canal Sealer EWT. Regarding bond strength analysis, for AH Plus sealer, both plasma treatments on gutta-percha favored the bond strength to dentin. However, for Pulp Canal Sealer, there is no statistically significant influence. For leakage test, dye penetration occurred between sealer and dentin in all groups. In conclusion, Oxygen plasma led to both topographic and chemical changes in the gutta-percha surface, while Argon plasma caused only chemical changes. Both treatments increased the surface free energy, favoring the wettability of AH Plus and Pulp Canal Sealer EWT sealers and influenced positively in the adhesion and leakage.