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INTRODUÇÃO: O stent recoberto por titânio-óxido nítrico (Titan) mostrou-se eficaz para redução da hiperplasia neointimal comparado ao stent convencional em animais e seres humanos. Foi elaborado um estudo clínico prospectivo e randomizado do stent Titan versus stent de aço inoxidável, cujo objetivo foi comparar o índice de eventos cardíacos adversos maiores (ECAM) após dois anos. MÉTODO: No período de outubro de 2005 a maio de 2006, 200 pacientes (228 lesões) foram submetidos a implante de stent eletivo e randomizados para dois grupos: I) stent metálico (100) e II) stent Titan (100). O acompanhamento dos doentes foi realizado por consulta clínica. ECAM foram definidos como: morte, infarto agudo do miocárdio ou nova revascularização da lesão-alvo. As sobrevidas livres de ECAM e angina após dois anos foram comparadas entre os dois grupos. RESULTADOS: Foi obtido sucesso em todos os procedimentos. As características clínicas e angiográficas foram similares nos dois grupos. O período médio de seguimento foi de 482 ± 264 dias. Aos 30 dias, o índice de ECAM foi de 2% no grupo I e de 1% no grupo II (P = 0,32). Após dois anos, a sobrevida livre de ECAM foi melhor no grupo Titan que no grupo stent metálico (93,6% vs. 82,4%; P = 0,036), assim como a sobrevida livre de angina (84% vs. 71%; P = 0,02). CONCLUSÕES: O implante do stent Titan em pacientes com insuficiência coronariana crônica é seguro e efetivo, e cursa com índices de ECAM e angina após dois anos menores que os do stent de aço inoxidável.

In complex coronary artery disease, it is sometimes difficult to determine which lesions are associated with reversible ischemia and should be stented. Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is an established objective methodology to indicate which lesions produce ischemia. Despite this, the selection of lesions to be stented is often based on the subjectively interpreted angiogram alone. The aim of this study in patients admitted for elective percutaneous intervention (PCI) was to evaluate the change in strategy if the decision to intervene was based on FFR measurement rather than on angiographic assessment. Two hundred fifty consecutive patients (471 arteries) scheduled for PCI were included in this study. All stenoses ≥50% by visual estimation and initially selected to be stented by 3 independent reviewers were assessed by FFR measurements. If FFR was

INTRODUCTION: In complex coronary artery disease, it is sometimes difficult to determine which lesions are associated with reversible ischemia. Despite this, the selection of lesions to be stented is often based on the subjectively interpreted angiogram alone. Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is an established objective methodology to indicate which lesions are ischemia-producing. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study, in patients admitted for elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), was to evaluate the accuracy of angiography in defining culprit lesions, taking FFR as the gold standard, and also its correlation with FFR METHODS: Two hundred and fifty consecutive patients (471 arteries) scheduled for PCI were included in this study. All stenoses > 50% by visual estimation, initially selected to be stented by 3 independent reviewers were assessed by measurement of the FFR. When the FFR was 0.75, no interventional treatment was given. Offline quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) was performed for all stenoses, divided into intermediate (< 70% - 327) and severe (125). The correlation coefficient between the degree of stenosis (%DS) and FFR was determined as was the accuracy of the visual assessment of angiography in evaluating ischemia taking FFR as the gold standard. RESULTS: Optimal FFR readings were obtained in 452 lesions (96%). %DS and FFR were 56 ± 8% and 0.74 for moderate and 76 ± 6% and 0.49 for severe stenosis. Concordance between QCA and FFR was poor especially in intermediate stenosis (Spearman's rho = -0.33, p

Background: The angiography has been used as a reference standard to define coronary artery disease (CAD), although its limitations are well-known. The significance of the myocardial fractional flow reserve (FFR) in the assessment of CAD is well established. Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of angiography when defining ischemic lesions and its correlation with FFR. Methods:Two hundred and fifty consecutive patients (471 arteries) were included in this study. All stenoses ≥ 50% at the angiography visual estimate (AVE) were assessed by FFR measurements. When FFR was < 0.75, stenting was performed; when FFR was ≥ 0.75, no interventional treatment was carried out. Offline quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) was performed in all stenoses, which were divided in intermediate (< 70% - 327) and severe (125). The correlation coefficients between the diameter of the stenosis (%DS) and FFR and the accuracy of VA of the angiography when assessing ischemia were determined. Results: FFR could be obtained in 452 lesions (96%). Mean %DS and FFR were 56 ± 8% and 0.74 and 76 ± 6% and 0.48 for moderate and severe stenoses, respectively. Concordance between QCA and FFR was poor, especially in intermediate stenoses (Spearman's rho = - 0.33, p

The angiography has been used as a reference standard to define coronary artery disease (CAD), although its limitations are well-known. The significance of the myocardial fractional flow reserve (FFR) in the assessment of CAD is well established.The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of angiography when defining ischemic lesions and its correlation with FFR.Two hundred and fifty consecutive patients (471 arteries) were included in this study. All stenosesor= 50% at the angiography visual estimate (AVE) were assessed by FFR measurements. When FFR was0.75, stenting was performed; when FFR wasor= 0.75, no interventional treatment was carried out. Offline quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) was performed in all stenoses, which were divided in intermediate (70% - 327) and severe (125). The correlation coefficients between the diameter of the stenosis (%DS) and FFR and the accuracy of VA of the angiography when assessing ischemia were determined.FFR could be obtained in 452 lesions (96%). Mean %DS and FFR were 56 +/- 8% and 0.74 and 76 +/- 6% and 0.48 for moderate and severe stenoses, respectively. Concordance between QCA and FFR was poor, especially in intermediate stenoses (Spearman's rho = - 0.33, p0.0001). Visual assessment resulted in an accuracy of 57% and 96% in intermediate and severe lesions, respectively.Neither the visual assessment of an angiogram nor QCA can accurately predict the significance of most intermediate coronary stenoses, which emphasizes the importance of associating it to a functional evaluation of the coronary circulation, resulting in an adequate treatment of these stenoses.

From all congenital cardiopathies, anomalous origin of anterior interventricular artery occurs once per 300,0000 live births, reporting high mortality in the first year after birth. However, if good collateral circulation is available for the artery related to the abnormality, the patient may be kept asymptomatic until mature age. This is the report on a rare case of a 43-year-old patient who was oligosymptomatic, with normal ventricular function in this pathology presentation. The patient was submitted to surgical treatment with no extracorporeal circulation.

It is known that coronary atherosclerosis is a diffuse process, very little visible at angiography. This article describes a stable angina patient, three months after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and a severe lesion in anterior descending artery (ADA), evinced by coronariography. Myocardial fractional flow reserve (FFR), obtained through intracoronary pressure measurements, was 0.37 during maximum hyperemia, clearly showing the presence of ischemia. A stent was implanted in ADA and, despite the excellent angiographic result, post-stent FFR was only 0.75, the minimum limit, below which there is ischemia. When the pressure wire (PW) was slowly drawn back from the distal portion of ADA to its proximal portion, a continuous and gradual increase in intracoronary pressure was noted, which clearly indicates diffuse atherosclerosis and not focal stenosis. A gradient was not observed at the stent place. The patient was kept under medical treatment and has been asymptomatic so far.

It is known that coronary atherosclerosis is a diffuse process, very little visible at angiography. This article describes a stable angina patient, three months after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and a severe lesion in anterior descending artery (ADA), evinced by coronariography. Myocardial fractional flow reserve (FFR), obtained through intracoronary pressure measurements, was 0.37 during maximum hyperemia, clearly showing the presence of ischemia. A stent was implanted in ADA and, despite the excellent angiographic result, post-stent FFR was only 0.75, the minimum limit, below which there is ischemia. When the pressure wire (PW) was slowly drawn back from the distal portion of ADA to its proximal portion, a continuous and gradual increase in intracoronary pressure was noted, which clearly indicates diffuse atherosclerosis and not focal stenosis. A gradient was not observed at the stent place. The patient was kept under medical treatment and has been asymptomatic so far.