1. Cutting Edge: Mucosal Application of a Lyophilized Viral Vector Vaccine Confers Systemic and Protective Immunity toward Intracellular Pathogens
- Author
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Georg Gasteiger, Ingo Drexler, Dirk H. Busch, Wolfgang Kastenmüller, and Leon Stross
- Subjects
Intracellular Fluid ,T-Lymphocytes ,viruses ,T cell ,Genetic Vectors ,Immunology ,Vaccinia virus ,Biology ,Antibodies, Viral ,Lymphocyte Activation ,Vaccines, Attenuated ,Injections, Intramuscular ,complex mixtures ,Virus ,Viral vector ,Dryvax ,Mice ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Drug Stability ,Vaccinia ,medicine ,Animals ,Immunology and Allergy ,Immunity, Mucosal ,Administration, Intranasal ,Intracellular parasite ,Virology ,t-cells ,selective expression ,memory ,immunization ,receptor ,design ,mva ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Vaccination ,Nasal Mucosa ,Freeze Drying ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Female ,Bifurcated needle ,Smallpox Vaccine - Abstract
A major problem of current vaccines is storage stability, often requiring strict maintenance of cold chains. In the course of the eradication of smallpox, a freeze-dried vaccinia virus (Dryvax), which proved to be very stable, was used to overcome this limitation. However, Dryvax needs to be reconstituted before usage and is administered using a bifurcated needle, procedures that pose a number of additional health risks. We report in this study that a stable, lyophilized, modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vaccine can be directly applied to the nostrils of mice without previous reconstitution. This direct mucosal application induced systemic Ab and T cell responses comparable to those achieved by i.m. administration. Importantly, mucosal application of lyophilized MVA induced long-lasting protective immunity against lethal bacterial and viral challenges. These data clearly demonstrate the potency of a simple needle-free vaccination, combining the advantages of mucosal application with the stability and efficiency of lyophilized MVA.
- Published
- 2009
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