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Introduction: Today, bamboo is a resource frequently used by local people for their wellbeing and rural development in poor localities. Aims: This study aimed at identifying the ecosystem services offered by bamboo to the local population for their wellbeing. Duration and Place of Study: The study was carried out in January to February 2021 in Western highlands Agro ecological zone of Cameroon; more precisely in areas with high bamboo density according to literature review. Methodology: Three hundred and ten (310) questionnaires were administered to persons involved in bamboo activities including a direct observation in the field. This was complemented with key informant interviews. Results: The results showed that bamboo is highly utilized for subsistence purposes in many households in the Western Highlands of Cameroon, with at least 97 bamboo uses and products identified. These uses/products were grouped into 11 sectors/domains making use of bamboo. Agriculture, silviculture, handicrafts, furniture and house construction are the sectors using more bamboo products. Only 5% of respondents used bamboo in more than 10 sectors/domains. Conclusion: This baseline survey presents results which could orientate decisions of Policymakers and Development planners on how bamboo products could be valorized in the Western Highlands.

Introduction : L’evolution demographique et le vieillissement de la population concourent a l’augmentation des maladies d’Alzheimer ou apparentees. Encourage par les politiques de sante, le maintien a domicile des patients souffrant de ces pathologies est souvent dependant de la contribution de proches aidants. L’exigence de ce role peut fragiliser les personnes concernees et favoriser chez elles l’apparition d’un sentiment de fardeau necessitant le recours a des periodes de repit. Etude ancillaire d’un programme de recherche mene sur l’agglomeration de Geneve, notre travail vise a caracteriser les determinants d’un recours aux dispositifs de repit pour les proches aidants de patients atteints de demence,Methode : Recherche qualitative, menee par la methode de focus groupes, aupres des proches aidants de patients atteints de demence. Trois focus groupes ont ete menes, avec 12 participants dans les agglomerations de Geneve (Suisse) et Rouen (France).Resultats : Notre etude releve la concomitance de l’evolution des troubles de la personne aidee et l’emergence d’un sentiment de fardeau chez l’aidant, lie a la duree et l’intensite de l’aide prodiguee. Nos resultats permettent de distinguer les determinants d’un recours aux dispositifs de repit qui dependent de l’aidant ou des institutions et d’en proposer une modelisation.Conclusion : Les dispositifs de repit doivent beneficier d’une coordination et s’adapter aux exigences des beneficiaires, en termes de format et de qualite, afin d’en faciliter le recours aux populations les plus fragiles et d’eviter qu’il ne soit trop tardif.

La mucoviscidose est une maladie chronique touchant plusieurs tranches d'âge et diagnostiquée, la plupart du temps, dès l'enfance. Un enfant atteint de mucoviscidose doit obligatoirement recevoir de l'aide pour la gestion de sa maladie. De ce fait, les parents sont, dans la majorité des cas, leurs principaux aidants. Les complications qu'engendrent le rôle de proche aidant nécessite un accompagnement psychologique de toute la famille. Le modèle théorique de McGill est le plus en adéquation avec cette approche car il explique l'importance de la prise en soins familiale. De plus, les interventions infirmières appliquées dans ce contexte font référence aux attentes et aux besoins de la famille, permettant de faire face à la problématique ci-dessous.

A changing and aging population contributes to an increase of Alzheimer-type or related dementia. Encouraged by health policies, home care for patients suffering from these conditions is often dependent on their caregivers' contribution. The demands of such a role may weaken the caregivers and cause them a feeling of burden requiring the recourse to periods of respite. An ancillary study of a research program carried out in the Geneva agglomeration, our study aims to characterize, for the caregivers of patients with dementia, the determinants of a recourse to the devices of respite.Qualitative research conducted by focus groups of caregivers of patients with dementia. Three focus groups were conducted, with 12 participants in the cities of Geneva (Switzerland) and Rouen (France).Our study notes the concomitance of the evolution of the assisted person's disorder and the emergence of a feeling of burden on the caregiver, related to the duration and the intensity of the aid provided. Our results help to identify the determinants of a recourse to respite periods for the caregiver or institutions and to modelize these determinants.Devices of respite must be coordinated and adapted to the needs of caregivers, both in terms of format and quality, in order to facilitate the use of the most vulnerable populations and to avoid too late recourse.

In a context of demographic change accompanied by the increase in dementia-type diseases, one of the public health challenges is to support family caregivers to fight against their exhaustion and the hospitalization of sick relatives (2). Caregivers struggle with everyday problems, isolation and financial problems. They lack information and training and express a need for respite and recognition of their skills (3). Recognition is a basic need that requires, among other things, collaboration with the family and friends of caregivers. As a result, the research question in this research program concerns potential partnerships between caregivers and health institutions to recognize and support their skills.The Hestia research program is a comprehensive program of four studies that initially aimed to identify the factors influencing the decision-making of respite arrangements. Then, results were used to design the following study, which aimed to identify potential win-win partnerships between health-related institutions and caregivers of people with dementia. Since the partnership between caregivers and family caregivers was identified as essential to promote the recognition of the latter, the visibility of their skills was necessary to consider an intervention based on a win-win partnership.The studies of the Hestia research program showed that caregivers and health-related institutions were under certain conditions favourable to collaboration based on a win-win partnership in the areas of training, organization/management, research, care, support and service delivery. In addition, eleven skills were highlighted while through the literature seven skills are identified., Dans un contexte d’évolution démographique accompagné par l’augmentation des maladies de types démence, un des défis de santé publique est de soutenir les proches aidants pour lutter contre leur épuisement et l’hospitalisation des proches malades (2). En effet, les proches aidants luttent contre les problèmes quotidiens, l’isolement et les problèmes financiers. Ils manquent d’information et de formation et expriment un besoin de répit et de reconnaissance de leurs compétences (3). La reconnaissance est un besoin élémentaire qui passe entre autres par la collaboration avec l’entourage des proches aidants. De ce fait, la question de recherche d programme Hestia concerne les partenariats entre les proches aidants et les institutions de santé permettant de favoriser leur reconnaissance.Le programme de recherche Hestia est un programme complet de quatre études qui dans un premier temps avait pour ambition d’identifier les facteurs influençant la prise de décision des dispositifs de répit. Puis, des éléments de résultat ont permis la conception de l’étude suivante qui avait pour objectif d’identifier les partenariats potentiels entre les institutions liées à la santé et les proches aidants de personnes confrontées à la démence. Le partenariat entre les soignants et les proches aidants étant identifié comme primordial pour favoriser la reconnaissance de ces derniers, la mise en visibilité de leurs compétences était nécessaire pour envisager une intervention fondée sur le partenariat gagnant/gagnant.Les études du programme de recherche Hestia ont montré que les proches aidants et les institutions liées à la santé étaient, sous certaines conditions, favorables à une collaboration fondée sur le partenariat gagnant/gagnant et ceci dans le domaine de la formation, de l’organisation/gestion, de la recherche, des soins, de l’accompagnement ainsi que dans la prestation de service. De plus, onze compétences ont été mises en avant alors qu’au travers de la littérature sept compétences sont recensées.

This working paper presents the overall and spatial accuracy assessment of the European Space Agency (ESA) 20 m prototype land cover map for Africa for four countries: Kenya, Gabon, Ivory Coast and South Africa. This accuracy assessment was undertaken as part of the ESA-funded CrowdVal project. The results varied from 44% (for South Africa) to 91% (for Gabon). In the case of Kenya (56% overall accuracy) and South Africa, these values are largely caused by the confusion between grassland and shrubland. However, if a weighted confusion matrix is used, which diminishes the importance of the confusion between grassland and shrubs, the overall accuracy for Kenya increases to 79% and for South Africa, 75%. The overall accuracy for Ivory Coast (47%) is a result of a highly fragmented land cover, which makes it a difficult country to map with remote sensing. The exception was Gabon with a high overall accuracy of 91%, but this can be explained by the high amount of tree cover across the country, which is a relatively easy class to map.

Questionnaire, potential partnerships between health-related institutions and caregivers. (DOCX 94 kb)

Participants’ answers to the open-ended questions of the questionnaire. (DOCX 46 kb)

Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die Darstellung und Diskussion der unterschiedlichen statistischen Methoden der Pharmakovigilanz bei der Generierung von Signalen aus Spontanberichtmeldungen, die von den Daten der Food and Drug Administration (FDA) stammen. OpenVigil 2.1 und OpenVigil FDA sind öffentlich zugängliche Anwendungstools für Pharmakovigilanzanalysen, mit denen sich einfache bis komplexe Anfragen zu Signalen für Arzneimittelinteraktionen stellen und berechnen lassen. Es erfolgte die Prüfung verschiedener statistischer Rechenmethoden der Pharmakovigilanz und die Testung von unterschiedlichen Medikamentenpaaren im Hinblick auf ihre Nebenwirkungen jeweils in OpenVigil 2.1 und OpenVigil FDA als Vergleich. Dabei konnten einige Signale gefunden werden, die für eine Arzneimittelinteraktion sprachen und Anhaltspunkte für weitere Forschung darstellen. The aim of this work was to show and discuss different statistical methods in pharmacovigilance analysis concerning signal findings in spontaneous adverse event reports from data of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). OpenVigil 2.1 and OpenVigil FDA are practical and publicly available tools for pharmacovigilance analyses. OpenVigil 2.1 and OpenVigil FDA can calculate simple to complex queries for analyzing signals for drug-drug-interactions (DDI). Different statistical calculation methods of the pharmacovigilance analysis were discussed. Therefore different drug pairs with regard to their adverse events (AE) or adverse drug reaction (ADR) were tested and compared - both in OpenVigil 2.1 and OpenVigil FDA. Signals were found that could be possible drug-drug-interactions but need to be used for further research.

The search equations used were as follows for the articles. (DOCX 12 kb)

summary table.docx. This table lists all selected articles by specifying the article reference, study type, purpose, participants, and MMAT quality score where indicated. (DOCX 64 kb)

MMAT grill evaluation. Reference: Pluye, P., Robert, E., Cargo, M., Bartlett, G., O’Cathain, A., Griffiths, F., Boardman, F., Gagnon, M.P., & Rousseau, M.C. (2011). Proposal: A mixed methods appraisal tool for systematic mixed studies reviews. Retrieved on [date] from http://mixedmethodsappraisaltoolpublic.pbworks.com . Archived by WebCite® at http://www.webcitation.org/5tTRTc9yJ . (DOCX 310 kb)