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The main topic of this thesis is about the design and prototyping of automotive antennas that allows Vehicle to Everything (V2X) communications, that is the communication between the vehicle and all what else is relevant. In particular 5G will be an enabling technology for these communications. Vehicular connectivity is a mandatory feature in nowadays car. Typical applications are that one related to the infotainment, i.e. radio or mobile telephone, or security ones, i.e. radars. The antennas that support this type of communications can be divided in two frequency range: the sub-6GHz range and the millimeter wave (mmW) range. Also the 5G standard can be divided in this two frequency ranges. In this work different automotive antennas solutions are presented for both the frequency bands. For the sub-6GHz range two different antennas are presented: a tin sheet 5G-sub6 radiating element and a complete 5G-GNSS-V2X shark fin module. For the mmW frequency band, an automotive PCB planar solution is presented. Since these frequencies are a novelty for the automotive market, satellite communications (SatCom) field has been considered. In SatCom applications mmW solutions are a well-established technology. Thus, also mmW antennas solutions for SatCom applications are here presented.

In this paper a multiband automotive antenna for 5G and Vehicle to Everything (V2X) communications is presented. The antenna is designed to fit the commonly used sharkfin radome. To overcome the problem of the small volume available a 3D full metal radiating element is proposed. In order to validate the design a prototype is realized and measured. The proposed antenna achieves good matching conditions (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) < 2.5) trough the worldwide 5G frequency bands. Furthermore, the radiation characteristics fulfill the goal showing a Linear Average Gain (LAG) ranging between -5 dBi and 0 dBi.

In this paper an antenna module for automotive 5G communication is presented. The antenna is designed to cover all the 3GPP n258 frequency band i.e. from 24.25 GHz to 27.5 GHz. At these frequencies, the path loss and obstacles attenuation are high. For this reason, to reach an acceptable communication distance a relatively high gain is required. Furthermore, to achieve a more robust system to multipath interferences the antenna is designed to operate with dual linear polarization. The proposed antenna is composed by an array of 8 dual polarized stacked patches. Finally, in order to suppress the radiation pattern distortion due to surface waves (SWs) propagation, an Electronic Band Gap (EBG) structure is implemented. To validate the design a prototype has been realized and measured.