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Introduction: The current study aimed to compare the quality of root canal obturation performed with cold lateral condensation with other obturation techniques. Materials and Methods: Diverse Search was conducted using six electronic/academic databases following PICOS (i.e. population, intervention, control, outcomes, and study design) strategy: (P) Extracted mature permanent teeth; (I) Obturation techniques except for cold lateral condensation; (C) Cold lateral condensation tyechnique; (O) Quality of root canal obturation; and (S) In vitro studies assessing parameters using micro-computed tomography. The statistical method used for the meta-analyses was the "inverse variance DerSimonian-Laird test". The heterogeneity data was calculated using the T2, Cochran Q test, and 12 statistics. Results: Fifteen studies were included for the final analysis; one had a low risk of bias, eight a moderate risk, and six a high risk of bias. Ten studies were selected for meta-analyses; three studies comparing cold lateral condensation with carrier-based gutta-percha techniques [P=0.96; mean difference (MD)=- 0.02; confidence interval (CI): (-0.77, 0.73); 12=21%]; three comparing cold lateral condensation with single-cone techniques [P=0.75; MD=-0.39; CI: (-2.77, 1.99); 12=92%]; two comparing cold lateral condensation and thermo-plasticized injectable techniques [P=0.37; MD=5.91; CI: (-7.13,18.94); 12=99%]; and five comparing cold lateral condensation with warm vertical condensation techniques [P<0.0001; MD=5.29; CI=(2.84, 7.74); 12=92%]. The overall effect reported significant results [P=0.0003; MD=2.69; CI=(1.23, 4.16); 12=96%]; favoring fewer voids and gaps for the other used obturation techniques. Conclusions: Cold lateral condensation and single-cone techniques presented no statistical differences. Nonetheless, Warm vertical condensation technique had better results compared to cold lateral condensation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the influence of the etching strategy of universal adhesives on bond degradation to sound and artificially-induced caries-affected dentin. Materials and Methods: The universal adhesives (Scotchbond Universal Adhesive; All-Bond Universal; Prime&Bond Elect) and adhesives used as controls (Adper Single Bond 2 and Clearfil SE Bond) were applied to sound and artificially-induced caries-affected bovine dentin. Microtensile bond strength was evaluated immediately (24 h) and after one year of water storage (1 year). Representative specimens were also prepared to assess nanoleakage. Bond strength data (MPa) were analyzed using three-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey's test (α = 0.05), considering each substrate separately. Results: Bonding degradation was observed for all universal adhesives on caries-affected dentin, irrespective of the etching strategy. On sound dentin, bonding degradation was observed when adhesives were used on the etchand-rinse strategy. Conclusion: The universal adhesives were not capable of maintaining bond stability over time on caries-affected dentin. The self-etch strategy seems better able to maintain the durability of adhesive interfaces created on sound dentin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To systematically review the literature to analyze the influence of endodontic irrigating solutions on the bond strength of adhesives to coronal enamel or dentin. Materials and Methods: The PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus electronic databases were used to select laboratory studies related to the research question, without publication year or language limits. From 2461 potentially eligible studies, 2451 were selected for full-text analysis, and 97 were included in the systematic review. Two authors independently selected the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias. Pooling bond strength data were calculated using RevMan5.1 with random effects model (α = 0.05), comparing control (no endodontic irrigating solution) and experimental groups (one or more endodontic solutions). Results: No significant difference was found between the control and experimental groups (p = 0.12) in the overall meta-analysis and in the meta-analysis excluding chlorhexidine (p = 0.06). High heterogeneity was found in the meta-analyses. Most included studies in the systematic review were scored as having a high risk of bias. Conclusion: The different endodontic irrigating solutions evaluated showed no negative influence on the bond strength of dental adhesives to coronal dental substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To examine the influence of phosphoric acid containing chlorhexidine on the dentin bond stability of a universal and a 2-step etch-and-rinse adhesive. Materials and Methods: Eighty sound bovine incisors were randomly assigned to 8 groups (n = 10) according to: phosphoric acid (37% phosphoric acid [CTR] or 37% phosphoric acid with 2% chlorhexidine [CHX]); adhesive (Scotchbond Universal Adhesive [SBU]or Adper Single Bond 2 [SB2]); and water storage time (24 h and 6 months). Both acids and adhesives were applied to flat dentin surfaces (following manufacturer's instructions) upon which composite cylinders were built up (0.72 mm²). After storage in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h or 6 months, the composite cylinders were submitted to microshear bond strength (μSBS) testing. Bond strength data (MPa) were analyzed using three-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey's test (α = 5%). Results: The interaction among factors was significant (p = 0.012). Both adhesives showed similar 24-h bond strengths regardless of the phosphoric acid. After 6 months, similar values were found for both materials when control phosphoric acid was used, but CHX phosphoric acid produced statistically significantly lower bond strengths for SBU. SB2 bond strength was not affected by acid type. Conclusion: Phosphoric acid containing chlorhexidine induced premature bond strength degradation of Scotchbond Universal Adhesive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To systematically review the literature on laboratory studies to determine whether the bond strength of adhesives to primary teeth is similar to that to permanent teeth. Materials and Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42014015160). A comprehensive literature search was conducted considering in vitro studies published up to June 2015 in the PubMed/MEDLINE database, with no limit on year of publication. Two reviewers independently selected papers, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. From 422 eligible studies, 42 were fully analyzed. Thirty-seven studies were ultimately included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. A global comparison was performed with a random-effects model at a significance level of p < 0.05, expressed by the difference of means between the groups. The mean bond strengths and standard deviations were tabulated and statistical analyses were conducted in RevMan 5.1 (The Cochrane Collaboration). Results: There was a significant difference between groups, with permanent teeth presenting higher bond strength than primary teeth (p = 0.0005). When the enamel and dentin substrates were considered separately, dentin presented the same trend (p = 0.002), while for enamel there was no significant difference between the dentitions (p = 0.11). The majority of the studies had a high bias risk. Conclusion: Adhesives have higher bond strengths when applied to permanent than to primary teeth. This difference was also valid when the comparison was made between permanent and primary dentin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the bonding performance of a universal adhesive to sound and artificially-created caries-affected dentin, using either the etch-and-rinse or self-etch strategy. Materials and Methods: Flat midcoronal dentin surfaces from 48 third molars were randomly assigned to eight groups according to the substrate (sound dentin and artificially-created caries-affected dentin [pH cycling for 14 days]) and the adhesive or application mode (Scotchbond Universal: self-etch or etch-and-rinse strategies; Adper Single Bond 2 and Clearfil SE Bond, a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive and a two-step self-etch adhesive as controls, respectively). Then, composite blocks were constructed, the specimens were further stored in water for 24 h, and composite-dentin sticks were prepared (0.8 mm2) and tested under tension at 1.0 mm/min. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). Results: All adhesives tested on artificially-created caries-affected dentin presented similar μTBS (p > 0.05), and inferior bonding performance when compared to sound dentin (p = 0.000). On sound dentin, Scotchbond Universal presented higher bond strengths when applied in the etch-and-rinse than self-etch mode, but comparable bond strength in each application mode in relation to the respective control adhesive (p = 0.04). Conclusion: Scotchbond Universal can be used in different application modes when bonded to artificially-created caries-affected dentin; however, the etch-and-rinse strategy improves its bonding ability to sound dentin. Moreover, Adper Single Bond 2 and Clearfil SE Bond presented similar bond strengths, regardless of the dentin condition and comparable performance in relation to each strategy of Scotchbond Universal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the immediate and six-month microshear bond strength (μSBS) of a universal adhesive applied using different etching strategies on sound and eroded dentin. Materials and Methods: Eighty bovine incisors were polished to obtain flat buccal dentin. Forty teeth were submitted to a pH-cycling model to simulate artificial erosion (3x/day cola drink for 7 days). Teeth from both dentin conditions (sound and eroded) were randomly assigned to four groups according to the adhesive and etching approach: a universal adhesive in self-etch and etch-and-rinse modes (Scotchbond Universal Adhesive), and as controls a twostep etch-and-rinse adhesive (Adper Single Bond Plus), and a two-step self-etch adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond). Four composite restorations (Z250) were built up on each dentin surface, using the area delimitation technique. Half of the specimens were evaluated in the μSBS test after 24 h of water storage, and the other half were evaluated six months later. Data (MPa) were analyzed with three-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests (α = 0.05). Results: The μSBS values of all adhesives significantly decreased after six months of aging (p = 0.01). Lower μSBS values were obtained in eroded dentin (p = 0.04). The universal adhesive showed similar μSBS to the selfetch adhesive used as control, irrespective of the etching strategy. However, Scotchbond Universal Adhesive applied in self-etch mode performed better than the control etch-and-rinse adhesive (p = 0.02). Conclusion: The universal adhesive does not provide the same bonding efficacy on eroded dentin as on sound dentin, and its performance does not depend on the etching mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of the etching strategy on the immediate and 1-year microtensile bond strength (µTBS) and structural reliability of a universal adhesive to sound and artificially-induced caries-affected dentin of primary teeth. Materials and Methods: Flat midcoronal dentin surfaces were exposed in 50 primary molars, which were then randomly assigned to 10 groups according to substrate (sound dentin [SD] and artificially-induced caries-affected dentin [CAD] with pH cycling for 14 days) and etching approach using Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (self-etching or dry or wet-bonding etch-and-rinse strategies) with Adper Single Bond Plus (two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive) and Clearfil SE Bond (two-step self-etching system) as controls. Composite buildups were constructed and sectioned to obtain bonded sticks (0.8 mm2) to be subjected to microtensile testing immediately or after 1 year of water aging. Data were analyzed using three-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Weibull modulus and characteristic strength were also determined. Results: A decrease in bond strength was observed after 1 year of water aging, except when the universal adhesive was used in the dry-bonding etch-and-rinse and self-etching approaches. However, the self-etching approach resulted in lower µTBS values in SD, while no difference among experimental groups was observed in CAD. Overall, higher Weibull modulus values were achieved in the groups with higher bond strength. The relationship between characteristic strength and bond strengths was not linear for all groups. Conclusion: The bond longevity of the universal adhesive using the dry-bonding etch-and-rinse approach on sound and artificially-induced caries-affected primary dentin was better than the other bonding agents and approaches tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review aimed to investigate if there is a better interceptive treatment for palatally displaced canines (PDC) in the mixed dentition stage. The PubMed/MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Scopus, and EMBASE databases were searched for randomized clinical trials related to the research topic. The gray literature and reference lists were also assessed. Network meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the effects of different approaches on PDC eruption. The surface under the cumulative ranking area was calculated to rank the treatments. The certainty of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach. Of the 892 eligible studies, 18 were selected for full-text analysis and 9 for meta-analysis, involving 506 participants and 730 PDC, to compare 9 approaches. The proportion of erupted PDC was significantly higher for all interceptive treatments compared with control (no intervention). Furthermore, the proportion of erupted PDC was higher in patients subjected to rapid maxillary expansion (RME) than those who underwent double extraction of primary canine and primary molar (relative risk (RR) = 2.68 ICr95%: 1.12-9.35). A higher proportion of erupted PDC was found for RME (RR = 3.07 ICr95%: 1.31-10.67), RME plus use of transpalatal arch (TA) plus extraction of primary canine(s) (EC) (RR = 1.43 ICr95%: 1.09-1.95), EC plus use of cervical pull headgear (RR = 1.38 ICr95%: 1.11-1.79), and EC plus use of TA (RR = 1.36 ICr95%: 1.00-1.9) than for EC. RME was most likely to be considered as the best interceptive treatment. Overall, the certainty of the evidence was considered low due to imprecision and indirectness. In conclusion, no intervention in the mixed dentition stage is the worst choice for PDC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the bonding of a new universal adhesive applied using different etching strategies on sound and caries-affected dentin of primary teeth. Materials and Methods: Flat dentin surfaces from 50 primary molars were randomly assigned to 10 groups according to substrate (sound dentin [SD] vs caries-affected dentin [CAD] pH cycled for 14 days) and bonding approach (Scotchbond Universal Adhesive: self-etching, vs dry or wet-bonding etch-and-rinse strategies; Adper Single Bond Plus [two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive] and Clearfil SE Bond [two-step self-etching system] as controls). After 24 h of water storage, bonded sticks with cross-sectional areas of 0.8 mm² were tested for microtensile bond strength (μTBS). Two sticks from each tooth were immersed in silver nitrate solution in order to evaluate nanoleakage (NL) with SEM. The μTBS means were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests. For NL, the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used (α = 0.05). Results: The influence of the etching strategy on the bonding performance of the universal adhesive was substrate dependent. The self-etching approach resulted in lower μTBS values and higher silver nitrate uptake into hybrid layers for Scotchbond Universal Adhesive on SD, while no difference among experimental groups was observed in CAD. Conclusion: It is preferable to use the universal adhesive following either a dry- or wet-bonding etch-and-rinse approach on both sound and caries-affected primary dentin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]