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An undescribed species of Pinguicula (Lentibulariaceae), first collected in 1972 was recently rediscovered in the Arroyo Babarocos canyon, located in the Sierra Obscura region, in the municipality of Uruachi, Chihuahua, Mexico. This plant is described and illustrated as Pinguicula warijia. The taxon is compared with the related species P. oblongiloba and P. zamudioana, and a key to the species of P. section Orcheosanthus of western Mexico is provided, along with photographs, distribution map, and taxonomic discussion.

Comparatively few species of the insectivorous genus Pinguicula L. have been recognized in South America so far. In recent years, a number of narrowly endemic taxa from the Andes have been described that simultaneously refined the broad taxonomic concepts of the “historical” species. Here, we describe two striking new species from Southern Ecuador that further condense the circumscription of Pinguicula calyptrata Kunth. Pinguicula jimburensissp. nov. and P. ombrophilasp. nov. are clearly beyond the taxonomic scope of the known species and consequently described as new to science. The deviating morphological features of the two new taxa are described and illustrated and the remaining morphological spectrum of P. calyptrata in Ecuador is outlined. The two new species add to the exceptional biodiversity in the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone and underline its importance as a biodiversity hotspot in urgent need of protection.

3. Utricularia bicolor Saint-Hilaire & Girard (1838: 870) — Fig. 3K Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Serra da Candonga, near Tapanhuacanga (Itapanhoacanga, c. -18.75, -43.41667) 1816–21, Saint Hilaire B1-919 (P603309!; isolectotype P603308 [mixed collection with U. damazioi] image!). Description:—Terrestrial. Medium to large, perennial herb. Rhizoids numerous, from the base up to 10 mm above of peduncle base, robust with thin ramified branchlets; stolons few. Leaves 1–2, circular lamina from a long attenuate 5 mm long; traps on rhizoids, c. 1 mm long, simple trichomes around trap door, without chin-like swelling, stalk up to 1.5 mm long. Inflorescence simple, loosely, 170–360 mm long, peduncle usually papillose near base, 0.5–1.0 mm long; scales deltoid, 0.7–1.2 mm long; bracts and bracteoles subequal, connate near the base or at middle, glabrous or papillose, bract broadly ovate, apex acute, bracteoles linear, single nerved, obtuse apex, 1.2–2.0 mm long. Flowers 1–2(–3); pedicel erect, filiform 2.5–4.2 mm long; calyx lobes unequal, cartaceous, concave, papillae and glandular trichomes present, with inconspicuous simple nerves; upper lobe broadly ovate to almost circular, apex rounded, entire, slightly hyaline margin, 2.5–3.0 × 2.1–3.5 mm; lower lobe broadly elliptic, entire, margin not hyaline, apex emarginate, 1.1–1.8 × 2.1–2.5 mm; corolla lilac with a yellow spot at base of lower lip, 12–15 mm long; upper lip papillose, some glands present, broadly elliptic to circular, rounded apex 2.9–3.9 × 4.6–7.1 mm, twice as long than calyx; lower lip transversally elliptic, base forming bilobed swelling, apex shallowly 3-lobed, 5.8–7.9 × 7.3–11.0 mm; spur cylindrical from a larger base, apex obtuse, slightly longer than the lower lip, 6.5–8.7 mm long, sparsely glandular; filaments curved, 1.5 mm long, thecae 1mm long.; orary globose. Capsule globose c. 3 mm long., calyx not covering the stigma lip. Seeds obliquely ovoid c. 0.10 mm long. Distribution and ecology: — Utricularia bicolor is endemic to the Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil (Fig.1). It is found growing on rocky outcrops or on edges of creeks in campos rupestres. Its patchy and lower in number nature makes it hard to identify populations’ boundary, a pattern seen through out the genus in different levels (see comments on U. hirtella). (P.C.Baleeiro, pers. observation). Etymology: —From the latin bicolor = two colours, refering to the colour of the corolla; lilac with a yellow spot at the base of the lower lip. Conservation status: —Endangered—EN B1ab(iii) + B2ab(iii). Utricularia bicolor present a restricted range (AOO = 24 km 2; EOO = 4,325 km 2) with all known populations located outside of conservation areas and subject to threats such as increased fire frequency and intensity, invasive species, and habitat destruction. Notes: —Initially, PCB treated this plant from the Diamantina area (Minas Gerais) as a new taxon based on an initial comparison to one of Saint-Hilaire’s type specimens, and it was Included in the morphometric study of Baleeiro et al. (2016) with the code “DIA” (Fig.4K). However, after examining the other type for Utricularia bicolor at a different moment, it became clear that these plants from Diamantina corresponded to this taxon. The confusion is due to a mixture of both U. bicolor and U. damazioi (both species grow sympatrically) in the first type, and it seems that Saint-Hilaire & Girard (1838) based their description on both species as they describe the upper corolla lip as ovate, which is found in U. damazioi but not on U. bicolor. Therefore, here we designate as lectotype the specimen without the mixture. Utricularia bicolor is distinguished from all other species by the presence of slightly 3-lobed lower corolla lip lacking a white spot, and papillose calyx lobes containing some marginally placed glandular trichomes. Additional specimens Examined: — BRAZIL. MINAS GERAIS: Botumirim, alto da Serra da Canastra, 13 Out. 2001, Rivadavia 1267 (SPF); ibid, extremidade norte, 19 Set. 1992, Mello-Silva et al. 679 (SPF). Diamantina, grassy meadow and adjacent campo, 15 Jan. 1969, Irwin et al. 22001 (NY); ibid, ponto atrás do Campus 2- UFVJM, beira de córrego próximo ao ponto de captaç„o de água da Universidade, 9 Jun. 2012, Baleeiro et al. 181 (SPF); ibid, 06 Mar. 2013; Baleeiro et al. 291 (SPF); ibid, voltando da comunidade de Galheiros, lado direito da estrada, campo com córrego em meio a afloramento rochoso, 06 Mar. 2013, Baleeiro et al. 294 (SPF); ibid, S „o Jo„o da Chapada, brown sand and campo on steep gravelly slopes, ascending through dense creekside vegetation to c. 75 cm, 26 Mar. 1970, Irwin et al. 28411 (F / NY). Itacambira, alguns km de Itacambira pela estrada para Montes Claros, 13 out. 2001, Rivadavia 1284 (SPF). Santana do Pirapama, Serra do Cipó (Serra da Lapa), Distrito de S „o José da Cachoeira, trilha da Senhorinha, 19 Fev. 2007, Souza et al. 32788 (SPF)., Published as part of Baleeiro, Paulo C., Gonella, Paulo M., Sano, Paulo T. & Jobson, Richard W., 2022, Unveiling Utricularia amethystina's true colours: a taxonomic revision of one of the largest species complexes (U. sect. Foliosa, Lentibulariaceae), pp. 29-54 in Phytotaxa 576 (1) on pages 37-38, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.576.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7440860, {"references":["Baleeiro, P. C., Jobson, R. W. & Sano, P. T. (2016) Morphometric approach to address taxonomic problems: The case of Utricularia sect. Foliosa (Lentibulariaceae). Journal of Systematics and Evolution 54 (2): 175 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jse. 12186"]}

13. Utricularia trinervia Benjamin (1847: 247) — Figs.1A,B, 4O Type:— BRAZIL: S „o Paulo, Guaratingueta, Martius s.n. (Holotype: M!). = Utricularia selloi Werber ex Benjamin (1847: 247) Type:— BRAZIL: Southern Brazil, Sellow 147 (Holotype: photo M!). = Utricularia punctifolia Benjamin (1847: 492) Type:— VENEZUELA: Merida, Moritz 1133 (Holotype: BM!). Utricularia trinervia (Fig. 4 O) is not treated in detail here. A complete treatment can be found at (Guedes et al., 2021)., Published as part of Baleeiro, Paulo C., Gonella, Paulo M., Sano, Paulo T. & Jobson, Richard W., 2022, Unveiling Utricularia amethystina's true colours: a taxonomic revision of one of the largest species complexes (U. sect. Foliosa, Lentibulariaceae), pp. 29-54 in Phytotaxa 576 (1) on page 50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.576.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7440860, {"references":["Guedes, F. M., Coan, A. I., Araujo, G. B. & Alves, M. (2021) The identity of Utricularia trinervia (Lentibulariaceae): Taxonomic re- establishment and unpublished descriptions of trap morphology. Taxon 70 (4): 854 - 865. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / tax. 12496"]}

The genus Utricularia (Lentibulariaceae) is the most diverse and cosmopolitan among carnivorous plants. Utricularia sect. Foliosa sensu Taylor (1989) is composed of three South American species, U. amethystina, U. tricolor and U. tridentata, the first species being recognized as highly diverse. In his taxonomic revision of the genus Utricularia, Taylor (1989) circumscribed the polymorphic U. amethystina comprising 27 synonyms involving a wide variation in corolla size and colour, morphology of corolla parts, indumentum, and overall plant size. The original publications of the synonyms provide limited information disencouraging a revision study and therefore inflating U. amethystina as new variations were discovered. In order to shed light onto the problem, a taxonomic revision, a morphometric and a molecular study showed evidence of a larger complex than previously thought, and U. amethystina s.str. sister to U. tricolor. A previously published molecular phylogeny provided strong support for all sampled U. amethystina synonyms and potential new taxa found to be nested outside the U. amethystina s.str. and U. tricolor clade. Here, we incorporate these new relationships and describe and comment on the species that comprise U. sect. Foliosa, including the restablishment of six synonyms, the description of three new species and lectotypification of five names. The current study disentangles U. amethystina complex so that further studies can approach it in a more realistic way, especially studies using population genetics tools. Our study shows that more needs to be done and here U. hirtella is presented as a new complex.

1. Utricularia amethystina Salzm. ex Saint-Hilaire & Girard (1838: 870) — Figs. 2, 3A–C, E–F Type: — BRAZIL. Bahia: no date, Salzmann s.n. (Holotype: P!; Isotypes: F!, G image!, K!, LE, MEL!, MO!, MPU, P!, R!, W). ≡ Calpidisca amethystina (Salzm. ex A.St.-Hil & Girard) Barnhart (1931: 468) = Utricularia modesta De Candolle (1844: 17) = Calpidisca modesta (A.DC.) Barnhart (1931: 469) Type:— BRAZIL: Pará, no date, Poeppig 3017 (Holotype: G image!; Isotypes: B (destroyed; photo, M), LE, P image! (photo, M), W). = Utricularia obovata Miquel (1847: 144) Type:— SURINAME: Onoribo, no date, Focke 1051 (Holotype: U3678). = Utricularia versicolor Benjamin (1847: 488) Lectotype (designated here):— VENEZUELA: Monegas: Maturin, Otto 946 (P!). = Utricularia spatulifolia Pilger (1914: 190) Type:— VENEZUELA: Roraima, no date, Ule 8757 (Lectotype designated here: K!; Isolectotype: F!, G image!). = Calpidisca standleyae Barnhart (1933: 1234) = Utricularia standleyae (Barnhart) Rickett (1967: 518) Type:— USA: Florida: Lee County, “Vicinity of Fort Meyers” Among (c.f.) Palmetos; Standley 406 (Holotype: NY!; Isotype: US!). = Utricularia williamsii Steyermark (1950: 126) Type:— HONDURAS: oak-pine forest near Hoya-Grande, Río Yeguare drainage, Williams 10639 (Holotype: F!; Isotypes: BM!, EAP). = Utricularia turumiquirensis Steyermark (1953: 552) Type:— VENEZUELA: Sucre, Cerro Turumiquire, Steyermark 62752 (Holotype: F!; Isotype: VEN). Illustrations: — Taylor (1989), figs. 77a, 77b, showing a mix of specimens from different localities; Baleeiro et al. (2016), figs. 2a,g; Baleeiro et al. (2019), fig. 1a. Description:—Terrestrial or affixed sub-aquatic. Small to medium sized annual herb. Rhizoids 1–4, up to 14 mm long, branches ramified. Stolons numerous. Leaves 1–7, rosulate from peduncle base, lamina normally spathulate to circular (15–)30–40 × 1.5–8.5 mm; traps numerous on rhizoids and stolons, c. 1 mm long, globular, the trap door basal, stalk deltoid 0.5mm long. Inflorescence simple or loosely ramified (30–) 40–300 (–400) mm long, peduncle glabrous, capillary or sometimes thicker near the base, 0.35–1.3 mm diam.; scales basifix, glabrous, ovate, margin entire (3–6) c. 1.1 mm long; bracts and bracteoles unequal, basifix, often connate near base, glabrous without nerves, bract broadly ovate, apex acute, bracteoles linear, apex obtuse 1.2–2.0 mm long. Flowers 1–9 (usually single flowered); pedicel erect, filiform (–1) 2–11 (–18) mm long, 0.4 mm diam.; calyx lobes sub-similar, cartaceous, concave, glabrous, with inconspicuous simple nerves, upper lobe broadly ovate or oblong, apex rounded, entire margin hyaline (1.5–) 2.5–3.0 (–3.9) mm long.; lower lobe ± broadly elliptic, ± entire margin not hyaline, apex rounded or emarginate, 1.3–2.8 mm long; corolla lilac with single yellow spot bordered by white at base of lower lip, spur white at base with apex lilac, 7–12 mm long; upper lip glabrous, oblong, apex rounded 1.35–4.37 × 1.41–4.13 mm; lower lip broadly obovate, base forming bilobed swelling, apex shallowly 3-lobed, 1.4–5 × 2.22–6.73 mm; spur conical from the base, apex obtuse 3.2–7.0 mm long, sparsely glandular; filaments slightly curved, anther thecae 1/3 the size of the filament; ovary globose, some glands present, style very short, stigma lower lip semicircular, upper lip absent. Capsule globose 2–3mm diam., calyx lobe not embracing the stigma lips. Seeds obliquely ovoid, c. 0.35 mm long 0.15 mm wide. Distribution and ecology:—Widely distributed across northern South America, from the Brazilian Northeast coast (i.e. restingas and tabuleiro ecoregions) (Fig.1A,C), through to the Guiana Shield (Brazil, Guyana; French Guiana; Surinam, Venezuela), Amazonia lowland savannahs (Brazil and Peru), and on Trinidad and Tobago (Taylor 1989). Grows in water-soaked sand or clay substrate. On the Brazilian Northeast coast, it is distributed across the states of Bahia, from Maraú Peninsula’s restinga and further north; Sergipe, from Itabaiana mountain and coastal restinga; Paraíba, at Guaribas Biological Reserve; Rio Grande do Norte, Piauí and Maranh„o. In North Brazil it is found in the states of Pará (at Restinga or Mangrove), Amapá, Amazonas, and Roraima (Viruá National Park to Tapequém Mountain at northwest of Roraima state). In Venezuela it is found at Gran Sabana and some Tepuis, Guyana to French Guiana; and far west of Amazonia in Peru, a savannah site of Santuario Nacional de las Pampas del Heath. Flowering all year round, specially from Jun to Oct. Refer to species examined. Etymology:—From the Greek amethystos meaning violet, referring to the lilac corolla. Conservation status: —Least Concern. Based on its broad distribution range (EOO = 7,693,931 km 2; AOO = 228 km 2) and frequent presence in protected/conservation areas (Fig. 1), U. amethystina is here considered Least Concern under (IUCN, 2012) categories and criteria. Notes: —After Taylor’s (1989) monograph, U. amethystina was reported to be a polymorphic species. As a result, the whole U. section Foliosa became a large species complex, with all specimens not fitting the narrowly circumscribed U. tricolor and U. tridentata being placed in a broadly circumscribed U. amethystina by exclusion. Utricularia amethystina s.str., as defined here, is the most common and widespread species of the complex in northern South America. The common morphotype from the Brazilian Cerrado domain, with deeply 3-lobed lower corolla lip, is here recognized as U. damazioi. A typical character that differentiates U. amethystina from the others is the lower lip of corolla being slightly 3-lobed, with half to 2/3 of corolla lower lip base swollen and given the name gibba; and the leaves usually forming a rosette. For some, U. amethystina s.str. used to be mistaken as a stunted form of U. tricolor, a similarity that is supported by their closer position in the phylogenetic hypothesis of Baleeiro et al. (2019). As described by E. Ule (n. 8757) in the original publication of U. spatulifolia from Mt. Roraima’s lower campos (1600 m) “ The species is related to U. roraimensis N.E.Br., but it is distinguished by its larger growth, longer spur etc. ”. However, here we list this name as synonym of U. amethystina s.str. and not U. roraimensis, due to morphological affinities with the former. Besides that, the collections of Steyemark 59648 (F, NY), 59742 (US), 60154 (US) under the name U. spatulifolia and original from Ptari Tepui is here designated as U. amethystina. Future molecular studies of well-sampled populations from across the range might shed light and provide more evidence for elevating these populations to associated names under synonymy or new names. As mentioned before, studies suggest that the tepuis from the Guiana Shield harbour high levels of endemicity and that these regions are still poorly explored for many group of plants. The USA population collected on 14 Jan 1946 in Florida (L.J.Brass 15873, FSU 469) is described to have pale yellow flowers, but due to lack of sufficient material and since its natural population hasn’t been re-collected, this could not be placed under one of the names in the current monograph and the name U. standleyae remains as synonym. The Mexican population from Guerrero have yellow or white flowers and is found in savanna habitats around 1230m above sea level (Rendón and Ruiz, 2017). These populations are shown with a star in the map of distribution of species (Fig.1). Specimens Examined: — BRAZIL. BAHIA: Camaçari, km 11 da estrada Salvador-Camaçari-Dias d`Avila, em grande área brejosa a direita, 1 Jul. 2002, Rivadavia 1458 (SPF). Ituberá, encostas de morros com nascentes rodeando braço de mangue, a direita do km 15 da estrada p/ a praia de Pratigi, 8 Out. 2005, Rivadavia 2109 (SPF). Maraú, ca. 8km na estrada Maraú/Ubaitaba, 4 Set. 1999, Carvalho et al. 6768 (NY!, CEPEC!); ibid, 22 Jun. 2015, Baleeiro 384 (SPF); ibid, estrada sentido Itacaré/Maraú, depois da travessia do Rio de Contas, ca. 2 km, restinga arbórea, 7 Ago. 2005, Paixão et al 560 (CEPEC); ibid, estrada de Ubaitaba para a Barra Grande, na bifurcaç„o para Itacaré, 8 Out. 2005, Rivadavia 2115 (SPF); ibid, in restinga area, 3.8km N of the Rio de Contas at Itacaré ferry crossing on road to Maraú, 05 Aug. 2002, W. W . Thomas et al. 13121 (CEPEC). Mata de S „o Jo„o, brejo a direita no km 94 da rodovia do coco (BA099), próximo a praia de Massarandupio, 18 Jan. 2003, Rivadavia 1523 (SPF). Santa Luzia, km 31 da estrada Camaca-Canavieiras, a 10 km de Hermilandia, 26 Mar. 2005, Rivadavia 1971 (SPF). MARANHÃO: Barreirinhas, restinga alagada próximo a Lagoa Azul, Lençóis Maranhenses, 30 Mar. 2007, Rivadavia 2499 (SPF). PARÁ: Maracan „, Ilha de Maiandeua, 13 Jun. 1994, M. N . Bastos et al. 1688 (MG). Marapanim, estrada de Maruda para Praia do Crispim, 7 Ago. 2005, Rivadavia 2100 (SPF). Santarém, estrada Santarém-Alter do Ch „o, em brejo com buritis ao lado direito da estrada, 4 Mar. 2000, Rivadavia & Pozza 1194 (SPF). Vigia, km 16 da estrada de Vigia para S „o Caetano de Odivelas, 7 Ago. 2005, Rivadavia 2104 (SPF). PARAÍBA: Mamanguape, Reserva Biológica Guaribas, área 1 Capim Azul, 187 m, 19 ago. 2002, A. C. Sevilha & G. Pereira-Silva 2250 (CEN); ibid. Reserva Biológica Guaribas, área I - Capim Azul, 22 Jul. 2012, Silva 4 (JPB). RORAIMA: estrada Porto Velho-Cuiabá, BR 364, km 159, margem esquerda, vegetaç„o rupestre, 40m mais elevada que o resto da área, 9 Fev. 1983, Teixeira et al. 1400 (INPA). Caracaraí, ManausCaracaraí Road, km 130, Igarapé Lages, swampy ground on rocks, 16 May 1974, Prance et al. 21041 (NY!, INPA!). Parque Nacional Viruá, na grade da PPBIO, L1 / N6, campina, 12 Set. 2010, Costa & Barbosa 695 (INPA); ibid, Estrada Perdida, 22 Jul. 2010, Cavalcati et al 187 (INPA); ibid, campinarana gramíneo-lenhosa, com muitas Malpighiaceae, Clusiaceae, área alagável com solo arenoso, nas porçıes mais secas, areia branca, 12 Sep. 2010, El Ottra et al. 65 (INPA); ibid, grade da PPBIO L3-500, 04 Sep. 2012, Baleeiro 231 (SPF); ibid, estrada Perdida, próximo à guarita lado direito em direç„o à primeira bueira, 06 Sep. 2012, Baleeiro 249, 250, 256 (SPF). Boa Vista, Zona Urbana, 07 Sep. 2012, Baleeiro 263 (SPF); ibid, beira da estrada em igarapé do lado direito entre Boa Vista e entrada para Tepequém, 08 Sep. 2012, Baleeiro 268 (SPF). Serra do Tepequém, atrás da pousada da Gisele, 09 Sep. 2012, Baleeiro & R . Perdiz 270 (SPF). SERGIPE: Areia Branca, E. Ecológica Serra de Itabaiana, 16 Sep. 1995, Landim et al. 670 (UEFS); ibid, 28 Sep. 2013, Carregosa-Silva & E . Santos 501 e 502 (ASE). Pirambu, povoado samambaia, 09 Sep. 2013, CarregosaSilva et al. 500 (ASE). COLOMBIA. Upper Apaporis basin, Macaya river, Mount Chiribiquete, 24 Jul. 1943, Schultes 5618 (US). Cerro Castilho, 27 Jul. 1943, Schultes 5668 (US). Rio Kuduyari, Cerro Yaapoboda, 5–6 Oct. 1951, Schults & Cabrera 14378 (US). Rio Negro, San Felipe and vicinity (below confluence of Rio Guainia and Rio Casiquiare), 22 Oct. 1952, Schultes et al. 18131 (US). Rio Kubiy’u (tributary of Rio Vaupes), Cerro Kanenda, savannahs about 15 miles upstream from mouth. Quarzite base, 10 Nov. 1952, Schultes & Cabrera 18391 (US). Rio Kuduyari (tributary of Rio Vaupes), Yapoboda, 18 November 1952, Schultes et al. 18542 (US). Rio Parana Pichuna (tributary of Rio Vaupes), Jun. 1953, Schultes & Cabrera 19957 (US). FRENCH GUIANA. Wilhelmina Gebergte, Lucie Rivier, 2 km of the river, 2 km west of Oost Rivier, 225 m, 11 Jul. 1963, Maguire et al. 54135 (US). GUYANA. Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Imbaimadai, Savannah between Imbaimadai and Partang River crossing, 570 m, 14 Dec. 1989, Gillespie, L. J . & D.R. Smart 2667 (US). Potaro-Siparuni, Kaietuer Falls National park, near airstrip, 500 m, 2 Apr. 1988, Hahn, W., E . Judziewicz, S. Taiwari, & D. Gopaul. 4127 (US). Ttrail from abandoned balata bleeders’ camp at base of Mt. Makarapan to Rupununi river, 20 Apr. 1988, Maas, P. J. M ., Koek-N, J., Lall, H., Ter Welle, B. J. H. & Westra L. Y.Th. 7567 (INPA). PERU. MADRE DE DIOS: Rio Heath, Santuario nacional de las Pampas del Heath, 15 Jun. 1992, Castilho & Foster 6913 (F). SURINAME. East Creek branch of Lisa creek, savana like, sandy soil, 26 Jun. 1998, Lohmann, L .G. & Peckham H. 153 (MO). Tafelberg (Table Mountain), shallow bogs savannah 1, 3 Aug. 1944, Maguire, Basset 24197 (F); ibid, 5 km above falls, 525 m, 13 Sept. 1944, Basset Maguire 24727 (F). Lucie Rivier, 2 km north of Rivier, 225 m, 11 Jul. 1963, Maguire et al. 54135 (F). TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO. 1977–80, Fendler 551 (NY). Long stretch road side, 26 Sept. 1951, Simmonds et al. 4 and 9 (K). VENEZUELA. ESTADO BOLIVAR: Llanos between Cano Azul and rocky ridge 3 km. east cano Azul, 23 Oct. 1954, Wurdack & Guppy 167 (K). Vicinity of Salto Pacairao, bordering Rio Pacairao, about 3 km east to northeast off Santa Teresita de Kavanayen, 24 Nov. 1944, Steyemark 60483 (F). by Ven. 10, 8 km N of San Rafael just S of San Juan de Camoran, gravelly sandy seep in wet savanna, 29 Jul. 1983, Kral & Gonzales 70588 (MO). Piar, Gran Sabana. 25 km N de Kama-meru, Carretera El Dorado-Sta. Elena, 4 Abr. 1985, Holst et al. 2179 (MO). Kanavayen, estrada para Liworiwo, Salto Aponwao, em campos rupestres ao lado esquerdo da estrada, já próximo de Liworiwo, 20 Jan. 1999, Rivadavia & HoogenstriJd 815 (SPF). Luepa, em campos rupestres brejosos cheios de Stegolepis sp., beirando o km 145 da estrada El Dorado - Sta. Elena, 21 Jan. 1999, Rivadavia & HoogenstriJd 833 (SPF).

12. Utricularia tridentata Sylvén (1909: 28) — Fig. 4H Lectotype (designated by Taylor 1989):— BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul, S. Pedro do Rio Grande do Sul (S). Lindman A735 (lectotype: S image!). = Utricularia ternata Sylvén (1909: 29) Lectotype (designated here):— BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul: Canoas near Porto Alegre, Malme I: 310 (S image!). = Utricularia ostenii Hicken (1912: 180) Lectotype (designated here):— URUGUAY: Carrasco near Montevideo, Osten 5230 (IS 2130, Isolectotype: IS 2129, MVFA image!). = Utricularia rubra Larrañaga (1923: 15) Lectotype (designated here):— URUGUAY: 22 Dec 1812, presumably Larrañaga s.n. (MVFA image!). Illustrations: — Taylor (1989), fig. 78; Baleeiro et al. (2017), fig. 2m. Description:—Terrestrial. Medium sized annual herb. Rhizoids few, short branches, papillose, stolons few, c. 0.5 mm thick. Leaves 1–6, rosulate from peduncle base, lamina circular or broadly obovate from an attenuate base, 5–10 mm long, traps broadly ovoid, on rhizoid and stolon, 1.0– 1.5 mm long. Inflorescence simple, lax, rarely branched, 65–160(–230) mm long, peduncle glabrous 1 mm thick, scales basifixed, glabrous, ovate, up to 1 mm long, bract and bracteoles connate attached near middle, glabrous, 3 nerved or none, bracts ovate or deltoid, apex acute, bracteoles linear, smaller than the bracts. Flowers 1–3(–6), pedicel erect, filiform c. 5 mm long, calyx lobes unequal, cartaceous, concave, glabrous, with inconspicuous simple nerves, upper lobe ovate-oblong, apex rounded, entire margin hyaline 3 mm long, lower lobe broadly to transversally elliptic, margin entire, apex rounded or emarginate 2.8 mm long., corolla lilac with yellow spot bordered by white margin at base of lower lip, minutely papillose with few glandular trichomes 7.5–10.0 mm long, upper lobe ovate, apex rounded, same or slightly longer than the sepal, lower lip transversally elliptic or broadly obovate, base forming a 2–3 lobed swelling, apex 3–lobed, 4 × 10 mm, spur narrowly conical, apex obtuse, slightly longer than the lower lip, filaments slightly curved c. 1.5 mm long., anther theca sub-distinct, ovary globose, glandular, style short, stigma lower-lip semicircular, upper-lip absent. Capsule globose 2.5 mm diam., calyx not covering the stigma lips. Seeds narrowly cylindrical, 0.5–0.6 × 0.1–0.15 mm. Distribution and ecology: —Southern South America, Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil (Fig.1). In Brazil, the species is recorded in the southern states of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, and disjunctly at the higher mountains of Mantiqueira Range, at Itatiaia National Park in Rio de Janeiro, and Caparaó National Park at the Minas Gerais-Espírito Santo border. Occurring on wet substrate in high altitude grassland (campo de altitude) habitats. Flowering throughout the year. Etymology: —From the Latin tridentata = having three teeth. Refers to the margin of the bract and the bracteoles. In the past, it was common to describe the bract `tridentatis `, considering both bract and bracteoles as a single structure. Conservation status: —Least Concern. Even though U. tridentata is restricted to southern regions of South America (EOO = 181,082 km 2, AOO = 40 km 2), it commonly occurs within conservation areas. Following IUCN (2012) categories categories and criteria, it is to be considered Least Concern. The species is listed in the Brazilian Red List as Vulnerable (CNCFlora, 2021). Notes: — Utricularia tridentata (Fig. 4H) most closely resembles U. amethystina and U. lindmanii, with few morphological characters that differentiate between them. Geographically, their distributions do not overlap, and U. tridentata is found in wetlands at elevations between 1000 and 2000 m (Taylor 1989). The corolla is minutely papillose in U. tridentata vs. glabrous in U. amethystina and U. lindmanii. The leaves in U. tridentata are usually circular, whereas in U. amethystina they are spathulate, and filiform in U. lindmanii. Additional specimens examined:— BRAZIL. MINAS GERAIS: Alto Caparaó, Rivadavia et al. 525 (SPF), Serra do Cipó, 15. VI.1935, H. L. M. Barreto 1066 (RB). PARANÁ: Palmeira, Rio das Pombas, beirando o km522 da BR376, 25 Nov. 2006, Rivadavia & Rohrbacher 2455 (SPF). RIO GRANDE DO SUL: Cambará do Sul, Parque Nacional dos Aparados da Serra, Canion de Itaimbezinho, 23 Jul. 2000, Rivadavia & Valente 1207 (SPF). RIO DE JANEIRO: Itatiaia, estrada Nova, km 15, Mai. 1950, Brade, A. C . 20329 (RB). Teresópolis, Serra dos Órg „os, 12 Jul. 1891, Ule s.n. (R). SANTA CATARINA: Guaruva, em campos de altitude no alto da serra do Quiriri, Nov. 2006, Rivadavia & Rohrbacher 2437 (SPF). Gr„o Pará, início da descida da Serra do Corvo Branco, rodovia SC439, 28 Abr. 2007, Rivadavia 2516 (SPF). Rancho Queimado, Chapad„o Serra Boa Vista, 27 Abr. 2007, Rivadavia 2510 (SPF). S „o Joaquim, Dist. Bom Jardim, margin of falls and campo, east of Bom Jardim, 2 Jan. 1965, Smith & Reitzz 14190 (US). Boggy brook, Santa Barbara, 3 Jan. 1965, Smith & Reitz 14199 (US). Bog, Source of Rio Capivaras, Serra do Oratorio, 10km east of Bom Jardim da Serra (Cambajuva), 16 January 1957, Smith & Reitz 1013 (US). Urubici, km8 da estrada para o Morro da Igreja, 28 Abr. 2007, Rivadavia 2514 (SPF). URUGUAY. Near the mouth of the Arroyo Solis Chico, Dep. Canelones, 4 December 1955, Pedersen 3644 (US). Montevideo, Jan. 1871, Gilbert 1089 (K 533964), Carrasco, 20 Nov. 2010, Ex HERB. CORN. OSTEN 5337 (US)., Published as part of Baleeiro, Paulo C., Gonella, Paulo M., Sano, Paulo T. & Jobson, Richard W., 2022, Unveiling Utricularia amethystina's true colours: a taxonomic revision of one of the largest species complexes (U. sect. Foliosa, Lentibulariaceae), pp. 29-54 in Phytotaxa 576 (1) on pages 49-50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.576.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7440860, {"references":["Taylor, P. (1989) The Genus Utricularia - a taxonomic monograph. The Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, London, 736 pp.","Hicken, C. M. (1912) Dos nuevas plantas para la Flora Uruguaya. Boletin de la Sociedad Physis 1: 179 - 181.","Larranaga, D. A. (1923) Escritos de Don Damaso Antonio Larranaga 2. Instituto historico y geografico del Urugay, Imprenta Nacional, Montevideo, 511 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 116606","IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 3. Edited by P. by the I. S. S. Commission. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. [https: // portals. iucn. org / library / node / 10315]"]}

11. Utricularia tricolor Saint-Hilaire (1833: 418) — Fig. 4–I Type: — BRAZIL. RIO DE JANEIRO: Lieux humides & sablonneux voisins de la mer près S. Joao de Barra, 1816–21, St.Hilaire B2-161 (holotype: P! (photo, M), Isotype: MPU, P). = Utricularia fontana Saint-Hilaire & Girard (1838: 870) Type:— BRAZIL. SÃO PAULO: in quodam fonte prope Paulopolium, Saint-Hilaire C1-1147 (Holotype: P image!, Isotype: P image!). = Utricularia gomezii De Candolle (1844: 13) Type:— BRAZIL. RIO DE JANEIRO: Gomez s.n. (Holotype: G, Isotype: K!, P image!). = Utricularia globulariifolia Martius ex Benjamin (1847: 241) Type:— BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO: Gardner 590 (Holotype: BM!, Isotype: G!, K!, NY!, P image!, S, W). = Utricularia fusiformis Warming (1874: 9) Type:— BRAZIL. MINAS GERAIS: Lagoa Santa, Warming s.n. (Holotype: C image! (photo, M)). = Utricularia globulariifolia var. caudata Sylvén (1909: 23) Type:— BRAZIL. MINAS GERAIS: Caldas, Mosén 4349 (Holotype: C image!). Illustrations: — Taylor (1989), fig. 79; Baleeiro et al. (2016), fig. 2m; Baleeiro et al. (2019), fig. 1c. Description:—Terrestrial, or affixed sub-aquatic. Small to medium sized, annual herb. Rhizoids up to 90 mm long. Leaves usually 1(–3) from peduncle base, lamina obovate to circular, 5–55(–65) mm long, traps numerous on rhizoids and stolons, broadly ovoid, 1–2 mm long. Inflorescence simple (240–) 300–750 mm long, peduncle glabrous, 0.5– 1.4mm long, scales basifix, glabrous, deltoid, apex acute, margin entire 1.3–1.5 mm long, bract ovate to deltoid, apex acute c. 1.5 mm long, bracteoles smaller or similar length, lanceolate, connate near the base, or sometimes middle, glabrous. Flowers 1–8, pedicel (1–) 2–4 mm long, calyx lobes unequal, coriaceous, usually glabrous or papillose near margin, rarely with sparse sessile glands, inconspicuous simple nerves, upper lobe ovate-oblong or broadly elliptic to circular, concave, apex rounded, margin entire, hyaline 2.8–3.1 × 2.3–2.7 mm, lower lobe broadly elliptic, entire, margin not hyaline, apex crenate or emarginate, 1.5–2.0 × 2.5–3.1 mm, corolla lilac with yellow spot with white margin at base of lower lip, 10–25 mm long, with papillae and few glandular trichomes, upper lip broadly ovate, apex rounded, equal to about twice the length of calyx lobes, 2.0– 4.3 mm long, lower lip transversally elliptic or broadly obovate, base forming a bilobed swelling, apex entire or shallowly 3-lobed, 6–9 × 8–10 mm, spur slightly conical, apex obtuse, equal or slightly larger than the lower lip, 7.2–8.4 mm long, filaments curved, anther thecae sub-distinct, ovary globose with some glands on the outside wall. Capsule globose up to 4 mm diam. Seeds narrowly cylindrical c. 1 mm long, 0.15 mm wide. Distribution and ecology: — Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Uruguay, and Venezuela (Fig. 1). In Brazil, in the states of Bahia, Espirito Santo, Goiás, Maranh„o, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and S„o Paulo. Grasslands bordering creeks, lakes, gallery forests, veredas (a phytophysiognomy composed of the palm Mauritia flexuosa L.f.), restingas, and campo rupestre. Flowering August to May. Etymology: —The epithet tricolor refers to the three colors of the corolla, lilac with yellow and white at base of the lower lip. Conservation status: —Least Concern. Based on its wide distribution (EOO = 8,284,102 km 2, AOO = 132 km 2) and frequent presence in protected/conservation areas, U. tricolor is here considered Least Concern, in accordance with Cross et al. (2020). Notes: — Utricularia tricolor (Fig.4I) is easily distinguished from all other U. sect. Foliosa species by its robust specimens with tall inflorescence scapes and large flowers. The most similar species is U. bicolor (previously a synonym of U. amethystina), which can be mistaken for U. tricolor from the Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais, where both taxa are sympatric, and specimens of U. tricolor are often smaller. In some specimens, it is possible to observe a few trichomes and papillae near the calyx margin, one of the defining characters of U. bicolor. However, U. tricolor has a larger corolla with lower lip apex almost entirely or shallowly 3-lobed and glabrous calyx, except in some populations collected from the Espinhaço Range. At this site it is notable that U. bicolor does not possess a white margin surrounding the yellow spot at the base of lower lip, as does U. tricolor. Nevertheless, the material examined during this study suggests hybridisation between these two taxa. It is worth mentioning that these two species are not phylogenetically close, with U. tricolor sister to U. amethystina s.str., and U. bicolor sister to a clade containing the U. hirtella complex (Baleeiro et al. 2019). Additional specimens Examined: — ARGENTINA. Corrientes, Dep. San Tome, 4km E de Ruta Nac. n.14, caminho a colônia Garabi, 3 Dic. 1970, Krapovickas s/n (RB 176498). BRAZIL. BAHIA: Abaíra, Catolés, subindo riacho que desce da serra do Guarda-mor, 26 Jul. 1995, Rivadavia 479 (SPF); ibid, em campos rupestres beirando a trilha para o campo da Mutuca, Serra da Mesa, Vila de Catolés, 15 Jul. 2005, Rivadavia et al. 2020 (SPF). Mucugê, Serra de S „o Pedro, 17 Dez. 1984, Lewis et al. CFCR 7078 (SPF). Piat„, campos rupestres ao lado da capelinha na trilha subindo a Serra do Santana, 13 Jul. 2005, Rivadavia et al. 2001 (SPF). Rio de Contas, campos rupestres próximo a trilha para o alto do Pico do Itobira, Serra da Mesa, 18 Jul. 2005, Rivadavia et al. 2077 (SPF). GOIÁS: Alto Paraiso de Goiás, Parque Nacional dos Veadeiros, córrego dos Ingleses, 19 Jun. 2013, Baleeiro & Carneiro 335 (SPF); ibid, Parque Nacional dos Veadeiros, cachoeiras Almecegas I e II, 21 Jun. 2013, Baleeiro & Carneiro 341 & 344 (SPF); ibid, Chapada dos Veadeiros, km 200 da estrada Brasília—Alto Paraíso, 13 Abr. 1995, Rivadavia & R. C . Ogassavara 373 (SPF). Barro Alto, GO-080, 6 Jan. 2001, Rivadavia 1229 (SPF). Cristalina, BR-060. RPPN Linda Serra dos Topázios, 9 Jun. 2009, Baleeiro et al. 72 (R). Mineiros, estrada para o Parque Nacional das Emas, 3 Mai. 1999, Rivadavia & R. K . Sano 1041 (SPF). Rio Verde, BR 060, 16 Jan. 2004, C. P . Bove et al. 1332 (R). DISTRITO FEDERAL: Brasília, Reserva Ecológica do IBGE, brejo entre o Guará e o setor da indústria, 21 Fev. 1981, F . Chagas & Silva 390 (IBGE). Gama, estrada para o Santuário Ecológico, 26 Abr. 1999, Rivadavia & R. K . Sano 944 (SPF). MATO GROSSO DO SUL: Rio Verde do Mato Grosso, estrada para Morro do Padre, vereda, 3 Nov. 20112, A. V. Scatigna et al. 281 (UEC). MINAS GERAIS: Chapada Gaúcha, nascente brejosa com buritis no lado E do Parque Nacional Grande Sert „o Veredas, 28 Abr. 1999, Rivadavia & R. K. Sato 960 (SPF). Diamantina, Parque Nacional Sempre Vivas, 8 Mar. 2013, Baleeiro et al. 307 (SPF); ibid, campo em frente ao entroncamento para Conselheiro Mata, 9 Mar. 2013, Baleeiro et al. 310 (SPF). Jaboticatubas, Serra do Cipó, 11 Set. 1994, Rivadavia 307 (SPF). Prata, c. 2.5km ao noroeste da cidade, brejo beirando a BR497, 28 Jul. 2007, Gonella et al. 19 (SPF). Rio Vermelho, Pedra Menina, Serra do Ambrósio, Espig„o do Meio Faz. Vargem do Anjo, 8 Set. 1986, Mello-Silva et al. CFCR 10208 (SPF). Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, em nascente brejosa antes da bifurcaç„o da BR10 para Conceiç„o do Mato Dentro e Morro do Pilar, 12 Nov. 2007, Gonella et al. 43 (SPF); ibid, trilha para cachoeira Capivara, 5 Jul. 2012, Baleeiro et al. 204 (SPF). S „o Roque de Minas, 13 Mar. 1990, Souza, H. C. s/n (BHCB); ibid, caminho do Abrigo de Pedra, Parque Nacional Serra da Canastra, 22 Dez. 1991, Rivadavia 42 (SPF). Uberaba, em brejo c. 30km ao noroeste da cidade, no lado leste da MG 190, 27 Jul. 2007, Gonella et al. 8 (SPF). PARAÍBA: Mamanguape, 1 Jan. 1900, Felix 2104 (JPB). PARANÁ: Palmeira, Rio das Pombas, beirando o km 522 da BR376, 25 Nov. 2006, Rivadavia & Rohrbacher 2454 (SPF). RIO DE JANEIRO: Cabo Frio, entre Lagoa de Araruama e Praia de Massambaba, brejo dos Espinhos, 20 Dez. 1982, fl., Pedrosa, D. S. et al. 742 (GUA). Carapebus, praia entre Lagoa Paulista e Lagoa de Carapebus, C. P. R. Batista 35 et al. (R). Saquarema, Praia do Sossego, C. B. Moreira 53 et al. (R). Teresópolis, descendo a estrada Petrópolis-Teresópolis (BR 495) em direç„o a Teresópolis, 19 Nov. 2000, Rivadavia 1220 (SPF). SÃO PAULO: Bocaina, 10 Fev 1870, Glaziou 8218 (R). Botucatu, c. 1km pela estrada de ferro da FEPASA a partir da rodovia Marechal Rondon, em nascentes brejosas em encosta de morro acima dos trilhos, 21 Mar 1999, Rivadavia et al. 860 (SPF). Cananéia, Parque Estadual Ilha do Cardoso, 9 dez. 2002, Foster et al. 978 (SPF). Itararé, descendo trilho de trem em direç„o a Gruta Santa, próximo à divisa SP / PR, 25 Jan. 1993, Rivadavia 167 (SPF). Ribeir„o Pires, Velha estrada para Santos, próximo ao início da decida da Serra, 11 Jan. 1992, Rivadavia & Cardoso 53 (SPF). S „o Jose do Barreiro, Parque Nacional da Bocaina, cachoeira de Santo Izidro, 22 Out. 2002, Rivadavia & Morais 1414 (SPF). Vargem Grande do Sul, brejo na estrada para Casa Branca, antes do Rio Verdinho, 14 Nov. 1997, J. H. A. Dutilh & W. Marcondes-Ferreira s/n (UEC 94951). SANTA CATARINA: Itapiruba, sul da cidade, a alguns km da BR 101, 7 Set. 2004, Rivadavia 1861 (SPF). Tocantins, Parque Estadual do Jalap„o, Brejo do Porco Podre, local de colheita do capim dourado, 19 Jun. 2002, Barbosa Cavalcanti 3005 (CEN). COLOMBIA. SANTANDER: Charala, corregimento de Virolin: em zonas pantanosas cerca de Virolin, 21 Mar. 2008, Vieira, S . 4 (SPF). VENEZUELA. ESTADO AMAZONAS: Cerro Duidia, pico ao extremo NW do maciço, vizinho a aldeia indígena de Culebra, 5 Jan. 2003, Rivadavia & HoogenstriJd 1515 (SPF)., Published as part of Baleeiro, Paulo C., Gonella, Paulo M., Sano, Paulo T. & Jobson, Richard W., 2022, Unveiling Utricularia amethystina's true colours: a taxonomic revision of one of the largest species complexes (U. sect. Foliosa, Lentibulariaceae), pp. 29-54 in Phytotaxa 576 (1) on pages 47-49, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.576.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7440860, {"references":["De Candolle, A. L. P. P. (1844) Lentibularieae. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 8. Sumptibus Sociorum Treuttel et Wu ¨ rtz, Parisii, pp. 2 - 32.","Warming, J. E. B. (1874) Lentibulariaceae. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i KJObenhavn 1 - 2: 1 - 12.","Taylor, P. (1989) The Genus Utricularia - a taxonomic monograph. The Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, London, 736 pp.","Baleeiro, P. C., Jobson, R. W. & Sano, P. T. (2016) Morphometric approach to address taxonomic problems: The case of Utricularia sect. Foliosa (Lentibulariaceae). Journal of Systematics and Evolution 54 (2): 175 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jse. 12186","Baleeiro, P. C., Sano, P. T. & Jobson, R. W. (2019) Molecular Phylogeny of the Utricularia amethystina complex (Utricularia sect. Foliosa) assessed using plastid and nuclear sequence data. Systematic Botany 44 (2): 398 - 404. https: // doi. org / 10.1600 / 036364419 X 15562052252045","Cross, A. T., Krueger, T. A., Gonella, P. M., Robinson, A. S. & Fleischmann, A. S. (2020) Conservation of carnivorous plants in the age of extinction. Global Ecology and Conservation 24: e 01272. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. gecco. 2020. e 01272"]}

9. Utricularia pantaneira Baleeiro, Gonella, R.W.Jobson, sp. nov. — Fig. 4N Type: — BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Santo Antônio do Leverger, 15˚36’40.6’’ S, 55˚29’41.1’’ W, 766m alt., 6 May 2013, Baleeiro & Cardoso 325 (Holotype: SPF, Isotype: NSW, UFMT). Diagnosis: — U. pantaneira is morphologically close to U. chapadensis due to corolla colour and size, but it is distinguished by its broader lower lip corolla lobes and spur cylindrical from a larger base. In addition, molecular data support this new species as sister to U. lindmani i, which does not share morphological similarities with U. pantaneira. Description: —Terrestrial or affixed sub-aquatic. Small to medium sized perennial herb, rhizoids absent. Stolons leaf like. Leaves dimorphic, at peduncle base spathulate to almost circular near the apex 2–6, forming a rosette up to 12 mm long, parallel nerves from the apex to petiole base, or linear 1–3, single nerve, up to 25 mm long. Traps on the linear leaves, dimorphic, type 1 globoid, sub-sessile, appendages deltoid, shorter trichomes under the appendages and around the trap door, up to 2.5 mm long., type 2 ovoid and much smaller 0.33 mm long, entrance lateral, chin-like welling and reduced appendages, stalk the same of trap length, capillary. Inflorescence simple, loosely, (130–) 160–280 mm long, peduncle glabrous 0.5–1.0 mm thick, scales chartaceous, ovate or ovate-elliptic, apex of upper-most scales 3-lobed 0.7 mm long, lower scales with entire rounded apex 0.4–0.6 mm long, bract and bracteoles connate above the middle, up to 1 mm long. Flowers 1–6, calyx lobes subsimilar, chartaceous, concave (culpulate), glabrous, inconspicuous simple nerves, upper lobe broadly ovate, apex rounded, margin not hyaline, 1.9–3.0 × 6.0– 2.5 mm, lower lobe broadly ovate, not hyaline, apex rounded, 1.2–2.2 × 1.6–2.4 mm, corolla yellow, 14–22 mm long, upper lip with sparse glandular trichomes, ovate or broadly ovate, apex rounded, up to x2.5> than calyx lobes, 2.6–4.6 × 2.1–4.4 mm, lower lip transversally elliptic, base gibbous, apex slightly 3-lobed, 4.8–7.0 × 6.6–10.8 mm, spur cylindrical from a larger base, minutely papillose 8.0– 10.5 mm long, filaments curved, 0.9–1.2 mm long, thecae distinct 0.75–0.80 mm long, ovary globose, glabrous, 0.5 mm long, style short, sparse trichomes, stigma lower lip semicircular, border ciliate, upper lip inconspicuous. Capsule globose 3 mm long, stigma covered by calyx at maturity. Seeds obliquely ovoid c. 0.35 mm long. Distribution and ecology: —Endemic to flooded regions of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, Centra–West Brazil, in the Pantanal wetlands. Flowers during the wet season from January to May. Etymology: —The epithet is a name in apposition of the Portuguese demonym for an inhabitant of the Pantanal, pantaneira. Conservation status:—Vulnerable—VU D2. Utricularia pantaneira is known for a few populations from the east margin of Pantanal Wetland, a region that suffers from intense human interference, such as the record burning of 2020 (Pivello et al., 2021). Although intensifying sampling efforts in the region could uncover further populations of the taxon, the increasing pressure on natural habitats in the region could lead the species to a more severe category of threat in the short term. Additional specimens Examined: — BRAZIL. MATO GROSSO: Santo Antônio do Leverger, regi„o das chácaras do Aricá, 22 Fev. 1994, Rivadavia & Cardoso 248 (SPF). MATO GROSSO DO SUL: Fazenda Santa Rosa, Paiaguas, Pantanal, 24 Maio 1986, Pott, A . 2227 (UFMT)., Published as part of Baleeiro, Paulo C., Gonella, Paulo M., Sano, Paulo T. & Jobson, Richard W., 2022, Unveiling Utricularia amethystina's true colours: a taxonomic revision of one of the largest species complexes (U. sect. Foliosa, Lentibulariaceae), pp. 29-54 in Phytotaxa 576 (1) on pages 45-46, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.576.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7440860, {"references":["Pivello, V. R., Vieira, I., Christianini, A. V., Ribeiro, D. B., da Silva Menezes, L., Berlinck, C. N., Melo, F. P. L., Marengo, J. A., Tornquist, C. G., Tomas, W. M. & Overbeck, G. E. (2021) Understanding Brazil's catastrophic fires: Causes, consequences and policy needed to prevent future tragedies. Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation 19 (3): 233 - 255. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. pecon. 2021.06.005"]}

Utricularia sect. Foliosa Kamieński, Lentibulariaceae preprint from Nat. Pflanzenfam. 120 (1891) TYPE: Utricularia amethystina Salzm. ex A.St. -Hil. & Girard. (Designated by P. Taylor). Illustrations: figs.77a,b; 78; 79 P. Taylor (1989); fig.2 Baleeiro et al. 2016, fig.1 Baleeiro et al. 2019. Description. Terrestrial, affixed sub-aquatic or lithophitic herbs. Rhizoids few to many, simple or ramified branches, normally present semi-aquatic species; stolons few to many, filiform. Leaves simple at peduncle base, or rosulate, lamina filiform, spathulate to circular, base attenuate, apex rounded, ascendant or prostate, 1- or multinerve (0–)1– 7; traps globular, stalk basally inserted c. 1 mm long, two dorsal deltoid appendages with trichomes on abaxially portion and around trap door, chin-like swelling at base of trap present or absent. Inflorescence simple or ramified, erect, glabrous or papillose near base; scales, bract and bracteoles basifix, entire, glabrous; bract deltoid to broadly ovate; bracteoles linear to ovate, united at some degree with the bract; calyx lobes similar or unequal, glabrous, papillose, or with simple or glandular trichomes, margin entire; corolla bilabiate with spur, lower lip violet with yellow surrounded by white spot at base of, or entirely yellow, or white with yellow spot at base; upper lip ovate, elliptic or circular, glabrous or papillose, or simple or glandular trichomes; lower lip obovate to transversally elliptical, base with a prominent bilobed swelling, apex ± entire to deeply 3-lobed. Filament curved to ± straight, theca distinct or subdistinct; polen oblade to prolate, 6–15 colporate. Ovary globose, glabrous or glandular, style usually shorter than the ovary, stigma bilabiate, lower lip semicircular with ciliate margin, upper lip reduced. Capsule globose 1.5–4mm diam., dorsiventrally bivalvate. Seed ovoid to narrowly cylindrical. Distribution and ecology across the biodiverse regions Cerrado and The Guiana Shield: Utricularia sect. Foliosa is found in most of the countries in South and Central America, Mexico and possibly USA (Fig.1); however, it is in the Brazilian Cerrado (including campos rupestres) and the Guiana Shield formation the responsibility for the striking diversity not only inside this section, but also for the entire genus Utricularia (Taylor 1989). These adjacent complex regions have been documented highly important due to their high levels of diversity and endemisms of vascular plants (Giulietti et al. 1997; Kelloff & Funk 2004; Funk et al. 2007). U. sect. Foliosa habitat elevation ranges from sea level in the Brazilian restingas to 2994 m on Neblina peak in Brazil and countless table mountains in the pantepui province (e.g. Mt. Roraima and Kukenan tepui ~ 2800 m). Even though a range of different elevation is seen with one of the newest species from Pantanal wetlands shown in this study, the greatest levels of diversity and endemism seem to be associated with high elevations and cooler climates in three main areas, such as the campos rupestres of the quartzitic massifs of the Chapada dos Veadeiros (Souza & Bove 2012) and Espinhaço Range in Brazil and the pantepui province of the Guiana Shield. These regions have been traditionally reported as showing similar levels of richness and distribution for other group of plants (Rapini et al. 2008; Rando & Pirani 2011). The “archipelago” nature provided by the pantepui province with tabletop mountains above the surrounding rainforest is a unique biogeographic region and harbours an incredible diversity. The evolutionary historic pathways provided by these so called “islands in the sky” across the landscape is still controvertial, but nonetheless, their old uplifting age has probably been providing as a barrier and limiting genetic flow, in the flora of the different tabletop Mountains. The Pantepui is less than one percent in area of the total Guiana Shield. Yet, it harbours about 2450 vascular plant species, with 60% endemic to the Guiana Shield, 40% to the Pantepui and 25% to a single mountain (Berry & Riina 2005). According to the same authors, the genus Utricularia comes in the list of the richest genera for the Pantepui flora (21spp.), but we think this number is underestimated as new species of animals (Kok, 2010; Kok et al., 2015, 2018) and not as much of plants (Barbosa-Silva et al., 2018) have been introduced. The study of Vasconcelos et al. (2020) shows recent and rapid radiations (around 2–5 Myr) of different linneages on an ancient formation of campos rupestres in Brazil. It points out studies of plant radiations in such old mountains, unlike what is more recently seen in the literature of lineage age matching mountain uplifting. Another study show recent radiations (2–4 Myr) rather than old of the endemic lineages of frogs Tepuihyla (of the 7 spp., 4 ssp. are known from a single tepui) in an ancient region this time the pantepui province presented by Salerno et al. (2012). Notes: Examination of all binomials and morphotypes of U. sect. Foliosa using morphometric analyses (descriptive and multivariate) (Baleeiro et al. 2016) and molecular phylogenetics (Baleeiro et al. 2019) highlighted the need to reassess 11 synonymised taxa. Seven of these were considered accepted species prior to Taylor`s taxonomic treatment of the genus and are here raised to species level (Taylor 1989). A further three non-synonymised taxa included in the study are here described as new species. Characters that group the taxa in the section include the basally positioned trap door with two trichome-covered dorsal appendages, bract and bracteoles basifix, bracteoles usually attached near the base or up as high as the middle length of the bract, and capsule dehiscence via a dorsiventral slit. Key defining characters between species include the shape and size of corolla lower and upper lip, calyx, and corolla colour and indumentum, and the pedicel and peduncle length (Baleeiro et al. 2016). At the between section level defining characters include the small stature of the stamens that does not differ across the section, although the size of which is not seen across the genus. Pollen size and shape can vary strongly between species, but also within the same population or on an individual. Therefore, these two latter characters are not considered useful for differentiation at the specific level. In addition, a morphometric study of seed size and shape across and between U. sect. Foliosa and U. sect. Psyllosperma (Menezes et al., 2014) shows that there is insufficient morphological information for differentiation at the specific level and sectional levels., Published as part of Baleeiro, Paulo C., Gonella, Paulo M., Sano, Paulo T. & Jobson, Richard W., 2022, Unveiling Utricularia amethystina's true colours: a taxonomic revision of one of the largest species complexes (U. sect. Foliosa, Lentibulariaceae), pp. 29-54 in Phytotaxa 576 (1) on pages 31-33, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.576.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7440860, {"references":["Taylor, P. (1989) The Genus Utricularia - a taxonomic monograph. The Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, London, 736 pp.","Baleeiro, P. C., Jobson, R. W. & Sano, P. T. (2016) Morphometric approach to address taxonomic problems: The case of Utricularia sect. Foliosa (Lentibulariaceae). Journal of Systematics and Evolution 54 (2): 175 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jse. 12186","Baleeiro, P. C., Sano, P. T. & Jobson, R. W. (2019) Molecular Phylogeny of the Utricularia amethystina complex (Utricularia sect. Foliosa) assessed using plastid and nuclear sequence data. Systematic Botany 44 (2): 398 - 404. https: // doi. org / 10.1600 / 036364419 X 15562052252045","Giulietti, A. M., Pirani, J. R. & Harley, R. M. (1997) Espinhaco range region. eastern brazil. Centres of plant diversity. a guide and strategies for the conservation, Vol. 3: The Americas. WWF & IUCN, Cambridge, pp. 397 - 404.","Kelloff, C. L. & Funk, V. A. (2004) Phytogeography of the Kaieteur Falls, Potaro Plateau, Guyana: Floral distributions and affinities. Journal of Biogeography 31 (3): 501 - 513. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 0305 - 0270.2003.01038. x","Funk, V., Hollowell, T., Berry, P., Kelloff, C. & Alexander, S. N. (2007) Checklist of the Plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 55: 1 - 584.","Souza, P. C. B. & Bove, C. P. (2012) Lentibulariaceae. In: Flora dos estados de Goias e Tocantins. Colec \" o Rizzo, PRPPG / UFG, Goiania, Brasil, 69 pp.","Rapini, A., Ribeiro, P. L., Lambert, S. & Pirani, J. R. (2008) A flora dos campos rupestres da Cadeia do Espinhaco. Megadiversidade 4 (1 - 2): 197 - 217.","Rando, J. G. & Pirani, R. (2011) Padries de distribuic \" o geografica das especies de Chamaecrista sect. Chamaecrista ser. Coriaceae (Benth.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby, Leguminosae - Caesalpinioideae. Brazilian Journal of Botany 34: 499 - 513. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 84042011000400004","Berry, P. E. & Riina, R. (2005) Insights into the diversity of the Pantepui Flora and the biogeographic complexity of the Guayana Shield. Biologiske Skrifter 55: 145 - 167.","Kok, P. J. R. (2010) A new species of Chironiu s Fitzinger, 1826 (Squamata: Colubridae) from the Pantepui region, northeastern South America. Zootaxa 2611: 31 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2611.1.3","Kok, P. J. R., Ratz, S., Tegelaar, M., Aubret, F. & Means, D. B. (2015) Out of taxonomic limbo: A name for the species of Tepuihyla (Anura: Hylidae) from the Chimanta Massif, Pantepui region, northern South America. Salamandra 51: 283 - 314.","Kok, P. J. R., Nicolai, M. P. J., Lathrop, A. & MacCulloch, R. D. (2018) Anomaloglossus meansi sp. n., a new Pantepui species of the Anomaloglossus beebei group (Anura, Aromobatidae). ZooKeys 759: 99 - 116. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 759.24742","Barbosa-Silva, R. G., Trovo, M., Martinelli, G. & Forzza, R. C. (2018) Up on the table mountains in Brazil: New Bromeliaceae and Eriocaulaceae (Poales) from the Pantepui in the Guayana Shield. Plant Ecology and Evolution 151 (1): 130 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.5091 / plecevo. 2018.1392","Vasconcelos, T. N. C., Alcantara, S., Andrino, C. O., Forest, F., Reginato, M., Simon, M. F. & Pirani, J. R. (2020) Fast diversification through a mosaic of evolutionary histories characterizes the endemic flora of ancient Neotropical mountains. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287: 20192933. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2019.2933","Salerno, P. E., Ron, S. R., Senaris, J. C., Rojas-Runjaic, F. J. M., Noonam, B. P. & Cannatella, D. C. (2012) Ancient tepui summits harbor young rather than old lineages of endemic frogs. Evolution 66 (10): 3000 - 3013. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1558 - 5646.2012.01666. x","Menezes, C. G., Gasparine, E. C., Baleeiro, P. C. & de Miranda, V. F. O. (2014) Seed morphology of bladderworts: A survey on Utricularia sect. Foliosa and sect. Psyllosperma (Lentibulariaceae) with taxonomic implications. Phytotaxa 167 (2): 173 - 182. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 167.2.3"]}

2. Utricularia biceps Gonella & Baleeiro (2018: 215) — Fig. 4J Type:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, Botumirim, Rio do Peixe, 10 February 2011, Gonella et al. 376 (holotype: SPF!). The species is endemic to the northern Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais, Brazil. For the complete treatment of the species, see Gonella & Baleeiro (2018)., Published as part of Baleeiro, Paulo C., Gonella, Paulo M., Sano, Paulo T. & Jobson, Richard W., 2022, Unveiling Utricularia amethystina's true colours: a taxonomic revision of one of the largest species complexes (U. sect. Foliosa, Lentibulariaceae), pp. 29-54 in Phytotaxa 576 (1) on page 37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.576.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7440860, {"references":["Gonella, P. M. & Baleeiro, P. C. (2018) Utricularia biceps (Lentibulariaceae), a new carnivorous species endemic to the campos rupestres of brazil. Phytotaxa 376 (5): 214 - 222. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 376.5.4"]}

6. Utricularia hirtella Saint-Hilaire & Girard (1838: 869) — Fig. 4A–D Type: — BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: in terra humida propè urbem S. Joao del Rei; Saint Hilaire B2-2392 (Holotype: P image! (photo, M)). = Utricularia genliseoides Benjamin (1847:250) Type:— BRAZIL: Minas Gerais, Tejuco; Martius s.n. (Holotype: M image!). = Utricularia spatulata Splitg. ex de Vriese (1848: 324) Type:— SURINAM: Pará; Splitgerber 674 (Holotype: L image!). = Utricularia adenantha Standley (1936: 366) Type:— BELIZE: All Pines, in swampy places, at sea level, growing in sandy soil; 2 Sept, W. A . Schipp S-89 (Holotype: F!; Isotype: BM!, BRH, G image!, K!, MICH, MO!, NY!, S image!, Z). = Utricularia kaieteurensis Steyermark (1948: 658) Type:— GUYANA: Kaieteur Savanna, Maguire & Fanshawe 23204 (Holotype: F!; Isotype: K!, NY!, VEN). = Utricularia bolivarana Steyermark (1953: 538) Type:— VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Gran Sabana, Steyermark 59191 (Holotype: F!; Isotype: VEN). Illustrations: — Baleeiro et al. (2016), fig 2 L, N. Description:—Terrestrial. Small to medium sized annual herb. Rhizoids absent or 2–4, simple ramification, 3–7 mm long. Stolons few to numerous (10) up to 6 mm long. Leaves absent or up to 7, from peduncle base, lamina obovate, reniform to almost circular, multinerved; 2 mm long; traps on stolons, globose, 0.5–2.0 mm long, stalked 0.5–3.0 mm long. Inflorescence simple or loosely branched, 30–150 mm long, peduncle glabrous 0.19–0.42 mm thick; scales basifix, glabrous, ovate, margin entire 0.5–0.7 mm long, bract and bracteoles basifixed, connate at about the middle, glabrous, without or 1-nerved, bract ovate apex acuminate obtuse, 0.6–1.0 mm long, bracteoles narrowly ovate, shorter or the same level than the bracts. Flowers 1–3 pedicel erect, filiform, glabrous or glandular trichomes next to calyx, 1–9 mm long; calyx lobes unequal, chartaceous, concave, glandular trichomes present, with inconspicuous simple nerves, upper lobe ovate or ovate-elliptic, apex rounded, margin hyaline, entire 1.1–2.1 mm long; lower lobe ovateoblong, margin not hyaline, apex crenate or emarginate, 0.8–1.6 mm long; corolla white, cream, or light pink, with yellow spot at base of lower lip, surfaces hirsute (densely covered by trichomes); upper lip oblong towards the base, ovate towards the rounded apex; lower lip transversally elliptic, base slightly gibbous, apex slightly 3-lobed, lateral and middle lobes rounded; spur conical, apex obtuse, x2> the length of lower lip, trichomes cover much surface 2.2–5.1 mm long; filaments slightly curved, anther thecae same width as filaments; ovary globose, surface covered with glandular or simple trichomes. Capsule globose 1.0– 1.5 mm long., not embracing the style lips. Seeds obliquely ovoid to narrowly cylindrical, 0.2–0.5 × 0.15 mm. Distribution and ecology: —This group is found in Belize, Brazil, British Guyana, French Guyana, Honduras, Guatemala, Venezuela and Surinam. In Brazil, in the states of Bahia, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Roraima, and Tocantins. Although its distribution ranges from Central to South America and across many biogeographical barriers (Fig. 1A–C), it is mostly hard to measure population size, and the number of specimens is low, similar nature found in U.trinervia. Specimens grow in sandy, wet, poor soils of mostly high in elevation rocky outcrops and grasslands in the Brazilian and Guiana Shield Savannas and close to sea level savannas of the Amazon so-called campinaranas. Flowers from March to September. Etymology: —The species epithet refers to the indumentum of simple and glandular trichomes covering the surface of the calyx and corolla. Conservation status: —Least Concern. Utricularia hirtella s.l. (Fig.4A–D) as here defined, is considered to be a species complex with a widespread distribution (EOO = 7,237,840 km 2; AOO = 160 km 2), found within several protected areas. If this complex taxon is further delimited in the future, the additional taxa may require reevaluation of threat status. Notes: —Although an attempt was made to sample populations representing each of the currently accepted taxa or synonyms of published names (Baleeiro et al. 2019), none of the accessions in the U. hirtella clade represents the type locality so instead morphologically similar specimens were included (Fig.4A,B). The closest or possibly the type location is presented in the study of da Silva et al., (2011) of Serra de Sao Jose and a photo is provided (Fig. 3A, Silva et al. 2011). In addition, access to populations across many northern regions of South America is limited (i.e., the Tepuis, Venezuela), and further collections are required to examine this species complex of species. In summary, U. hirtella is differentiated from other related taxa by the presence of papillae and/or trichomes on its calyx, and a usually white corolla. At the same time, Baleeiro et al. (2019) study showed U. hirtell a is a multi-lineage independent from U. amethystina s.str. it also revealed a morphological diversity that requires further investigation. Additional specimens examined: — BRAZIL. AMAZONAS: Manaus-Caracaraí, km 130, Igarapé Lages, 9 Mai. 1974, Prance et al. 21041 (NY). GOIÁS, Alto Paraiso de Goiás, campo gallery forest and adjacent wet campo (brejo), c. 20km N. of Alto Paraiso, 19 Mar. 1971, Irwin et al. 32716 (NY); ibid, Parque Nacional Veadeiros, entrando +- no km 190 da estrada Brasília-Alto Paraíso, 11 Abr. 1995, Rivadavia & Ogassavara 370 (SPF); ibid, 14 Abr. 1995, Rivadavia & Ogassavara 379 (SPF); ibid, Parque Nacional Veadeiros, campo úmido inclinado próximo ao córrego dos Ingleses, 2 Jun. 2009, Baleeiro et al. 13 (R); ibid, estrada, entre Alto Paraíso de Goiás e Teresina de Goiás (GO-118), km 196, 5 Jun. 2009, Baleeiro et al. 43 (R); ibid, 20 Mar. 2012, caminho pelo morro Cauda da Baleia em direç„o à Teta de Moça, Baleeiro et al. 119 (R); ibid, 11 km de Alto Paraíso de Goiás em direç„o a S „o Jorge, lado esquerdo da pista, ambiente com gramíneas beirando córrego pequeno, 23 Mar. 2012, Baleeiro et al. 149 (SPF); ibid, 24 Mar 2012, campo rupestre 27.8 km de Alto Paraíso em direç„o a Teresina, Baleeiro et al. 158 (SPF). Cavalcante, ponto a 20 km de Cavalcante, estrada em direç„o ao povoado de Kalunga, 23 Mar. 2012, Baleeiro et al. 141 (SPF). Mineiros, encosta brejosa de morro à direita do km11 da estrada para o Parque Nacional das Emas, 3 Mai. 1999, Rivadavia & Sato 1050 (SPF). Pirenópolis, nascente brejosa com buritis à direita da estrada para Três Picos, 22 Abr. 1999, Rivadavia & Sato 919 (SPF). Posse, campo limpo úmido envolta de um buritizal, 30 Jul 2012, Baleeiro et al. 208 (SPF). Santo Antônio do Descoberto, nascente brejosa com buritis à esquerda da BR-070 pouco antes da divisa com o DF, 23 Abr. 1999, Rivadavia & Sato 933 (SPF). MATO GROSSO: Barra do Garças, próximo a Cachoeira da Bateia, no complexo do Roncador, aproximadamente 40km a leste da cidade, 9 Nov. 2007, Cardoso 105 (SPF). Chapada dos Guimar „es, Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimar„es, campo antes da entrada da cidade de Chapada dos Guimar„es à esquerda, 11 Jun. 2011, Baleeiro & Cardoso 99 (SPF). MINAS GERAIS: Buenópolis, estrada que sobe ao sul da cidade para alto da Serra do Cabral em direç„o ao Brejo Grande, 3 Jul. 2003, Rivadavia & Menezes 1647 (SPF). Diamantina, em campos rupestres próximos a cachoeira da Toca, 25 Fev. 1992, Rivadavia 78 (SPF); ibid, em campos rupestres ca. 4km ao sudeste da cidade pela estrada para a Gruta do Salitre, 13 Mai. 2007, Rivadavia 2548 (SPF); ibid, Biribiri, córrego/cachoeira Sentinela, 9 Jun. 2012, Baleeiro et al. 184 (SPF); ibid, Parque Nacional Sempre Vivas, 8 Mar 2013, Baleeiro et al. 304 (SPF); ibid, Parque Estadual do Biribiri, cachoeira Sentinela, lado esquerdo sentido contrário das águas, na beira da trilha, 9 Mar. 2013, Baleeiro et al. 315 (SPF). Gr „o Mogol, Trilha da tropa, 2 Jun. 1994, Rivadavia 280 (SPF). Jaboticatubas, campos rupestres dentro da Fazenda da Serra do Cipó, 26 Fev. 1992, Rivadavia 95 (SPF). S „o Gonçalo do Rio Preto, Parque Estadual do Rio Preto, descendo o Ribeir„o das Águas pela margem esquerda, entre as cachoeiras Deitada e Sempre-Viva, 28 Jun. 2003, Rivadavia & Deco 1627 (SPF). Serro, Distrito de milho verde, 5 Abr. 2003, Rivadavia & Neves 1551 (SPF); ibid, campos rupestres à esquerda da estrada de Milho Verde para Diamantina, Km 22.5, 6 Abr. 2003, Rivadavia 1573 (SPF). SÃO PAULO: Botucatu, Distrito de Vitoriana, Porto Said, estrada Marciano Zacarias, em nascente brejosa na encosta de morro descendo da estrada, 20 Mar. 1999, Rivadavia et al. 853 (SPF). TOCANTINS: Mateiros, Cachoeira das Velhas, APA do Jalap „o, 14 Jun. 2006, Rivadavia 2220 (SPF). Ponte Alta, Cachoeira da fumaça, estrada entre Rio da Conceiç„o e Ponte Alta, 17 Jul. 2006, Rivadavia 2257 (SPF). RORAIMA: Tepequém Pré-Tepui, regi„o da Cachoeira do Barata, área de campo aberto entre a casa do Norton e a mata, 9 Set. 2012, Baleeiro 275 (SPF). VENEZUELA. BOLIVAR: Gran Sabana, beira da estrada, lado esquerdo sentido Caracas, 11 Set. 2012, Baleeiro 282 (SPF)., Published as part of Baleeiro, Paulo C., Gonella, Paulo M., Sano, Paulo T. & Jobson, Richard W., 2022, Unveiling Utricularia amethystina's true colours: a taxonomic revision of one of the largest species complexes (U. sect. Foliosa, Lentibulariaceae), pp. 29-54 in Phytotaxa 576 (1) on pages 42-44, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.576.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7440860, {"references":["de Vriese, W. H. (1848) Lentibularieae. Nederlandsch Kruidkundig Archief 1: 323 - 325.","Standley, P. C. (1936) Lentibulariaceae. Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical Series 12: 366 - 367.","Steyermark, J. A. (1948) Lentibulariaceae. In: Maguire, B. & collaborators: Plant explorations in Guiana in 1944, chiefly to the Tafelberg and the Kaieteur Plateau-VI. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 75 (6): 658. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2482346","Steyermark, J. A. (1953) Lentibulariaceae. Fieldiana Botany 28: 534 - 553.","Baleeiro, P. C., Jobson, R. W. & Sano, P. T. (2016) Morphometric approach to address taxonomic problems: The case of Utricularia sect. Foliosa (Lentibulariaceae). Journal of Systematics and Evolution 54 (2): 175 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jse. 12186","Baleeiro, P. C., Sano, P. T. & Jobson, R. W. (2019) Molecular Phylogeny of the Utricularia amethystina complex (Utricularia sect. Foliosa) assessed using plastid and nuclear sequence data. Systematic Botany 44 (2): 398 - 404. https: // doi. org / 10.1600 / 036364419 X 15562052252045","Silva, N. G. da, Alves, R. J. V., Pereira, J. F. & Rivadavia, F. (2011) Lentibulariaceae, Serra de S \" o Jose, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Check List 7 (2): 120 - 127. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 7.2.120"]}

7. Utricularia lindmanii Sylvén (1909: 26) — Fig. 3G Type: — BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Tangará da Serra, Serra do Itapirapuan, 29 Apr. 1894, Lindman A2935 (holotype: S image!). Illustrations: —(Sylvén, 1909), fig. 1–3 taf.2. Description:—Terrestrial. Small to medium sized annual herb. Rhizoids numerous, c. seven simple ramifications. Stolons few. Leaves 1–7(–10) from peduncle base, filiform, up to 20 mm long, 1 mm wide, traps on rhizoids or stolons, stalked basal entrance, 2 mm long. Inflorescence simple or loosely branched, 60–180 mm long, peduncle glabrous 0.7 mm thick, scales basifix, glabrous, deltoid or elliptic 0.6 mm long, bract and bracteoles unequal, connate at the middle, glabrous, three nerves, bract broadly ovate, apex obtuse 1 mm long., bracteoles ovate 0.8 mm long. Flowers 1–3, pedicel erect, filiform (–5) 8–20 mm long, calyx lobes subequal, chartaceous, concave, glabrous, with inconspicuous simple nerves, upper lobe ovate, apex rounded, entire margin hyaline 1.9–3.3 × 1.4–2.1 mm wide, lower lobe broadly elliptic, entire margin not hyaline, apex rounded, 1.6–3.2 × 1.6–2.5 mm wide, corolla lilac with a yellow spot bordered by white margin at base of lower lip, upper lip with few sessile glands, oblong or oblong-ovate, rounded apex 2–4.5 × 2.6–4.0 mm wide, lower lip transversally elliptic, base forming bilobed swelling, apex 3-lobed, 2.4–5.3 × 4.6–8.9 mm wide, spur conical from a larger base, apex obtuse, longer than the lower lip 3.4–6.7 mm long, filaments slightly curved, anther thecae shorter than the filaments, ovary globose, style very short, stigma lower lip semicircular with glandular trichomes, upper lip absent. Capsule globose, 2 mm long., calyx lobes covering stigma lips. Seeds obliquely ovoid c. 0.30 mm long. Distribution and ecology: —Found mostly in the east and southeast of the state of Tocantins, Brazil (Fig.1 A). However, the type specimen was collected in the state of Mato Grosso at a location that has since been cleared of native vegetation and converted to farmland. Grows in moist clay substrate within grassland with other species of Utricularia and Genlisea. Flowers from June to August. Further fieldwork may uncover populations at under-explored locations such as Jalap„o, west Tocantins and Goiás, and Northeast of Mato Grosso. Etymology:—The epithet honours Carl Axel Magnus Lindman (1856–1928), a Swedish naturalist who travelled to Brazil from 1892–1894. Conservation status: — Vulnerable— VU B1 ab(iii) + B2 ab(iii). Utricularia lindmanii presents restricted range (EOO = 5,988 km 2, AOO = 28 km 2) and occurs in a region severely affected by habitat destruction and interference with conversion of land use for agricultural purposes. The species is likely extinct at the type location and the new records from Tocantins fall outside the Jalap „o State Park. Notes: —The holotype specimen is from a savannah habitat in central Mato Grosso. The attempt to sample from the type population failed, as large portions of the natural land have been lost to agriculture, cattle stations and due to the constant urban expansion in the past decades. Therefore, the populations from Tocantins are here denominated U. lindmanii (Fig. 3G) and not a new taxa after examining the illustration introduced by the original publication (protologue) for U. lindmanii and type material. Morphologically, U. lindmanii resembles U. amethystina s.str., but distinguishes by linear vs. spathulate/rotund leaves, upper and lower corolla lobes about the same length vs. lower corolla lobe larger than upper. Besides, molecular data (Baleeiro et al. 2019) shows no affinities with U. amethystina s.str., and rather being in a clade sister to U. chapadensis. Additional specimens examined: — BRAZIL. TOCANTINS: Ponte Alta, estrada sentido Rio da Conceiç „o-Ponte Alta, lado direito da estrada quase chegando em Ponte Alta, 5 Ago. 2012, Baleeiro et al. 222 (SPF). Rio da Conceiç „o, TO-476, estrada Dianópolis—Rio da Conceiç„o, a 45 km do trevo, entrada para estrada de terra ca. de 6km, Cachoeira Cavalo Queimado, 7 Jun. 2009, Baleeiro et al. 63 (R). Taguatinga, beira da rodovia, sentido Alto Paraíso de Goiás, 7 Ago. 2012, Baleeiro et al. 227 (SPF)., Published as part of Baleeiro, Paulo C., Gonella, Paulo M., Sano, Paulo T. & Jobson, Richard W., 2022, Unveiling Utricularia amethystina's true colours: a taxonomic revision of one of the largest species complexes (U. sect. Foliosa, Lentibulariaceae), pp. 29-54 in Phytotaxa 576 (1) on pages 44-45, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.576.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7440860, {"references":["Baleeiro, P. C., Sano, P. T. & Jobson, R. W. (2019) Molecular Phylogeny of the Utricularia amethystina complex (Utricularia sect. Foliosa) assessed using plastid and nuclear sequence data. Systematic Botany 44 (2): 398 - 404. https: // doi. org / 10.1600 / 036364419 X 15562052252045"]}

4. Utricularia chapadensis Baleeiro, Gonella, R.W.Jobson, sp. nov. — Fig. 4L–M Type:— BRAZIL: Mato Grosso. Municipality of Chapada dos Guimar„es, outside the limit of Chapada dos Guimaraes National Park, beside the track to Cave Aroe Jari, soaked rocky soil. -15.611278, -55.49475 766 m alt, 28 April 2013, Baleeiro & Cardoso 320 (Holotype: SPF!; Isotype: NSW!, UFMT!). Diagnosis:— U. chapadensis is morphologically distinct for its bright yellow corolla with rounded gibba and long curved spur at least 2x longer than the lower lip. Illustrations: —fig. 2K (Baleeiro et al. 2016). Description:—Terrestrial. Small to medium sized annual herb. Rhizoids not observed. Stolons leaf like up to 20 mm long. Leaves dimorphic, at peduncle base, spathulate, 2–4(–6) mm long, multinerved, some nerves converging the base, or linear 1–3, single nerve up to 10 mm long.; traps dimorphic, both types globose, larger up to 2 mm long, smaller c. 0.5 mm long. Inflorescence simple, lax, (5–)70–100(–250) mm long, peduncle glabrous; scales chartaceous, rhombic, deltoid or ovate-elliptic, entire rounded apex 0.35–0.4(–0.6) mm long; bract and bracteoles connate above the middle, up to 1 mm long. Flowers not racemose, 1(–3); calyx lobes unequal, chartaceous, glabrous, inconspicuous nerves simple, upper lobe broadly ovate, culpulate, apex rounded, margin not hyaline, 1.9–3.0 x 1.6–2.4 mm wide; lower lobe shorter, broadly elliptic, not hyaline, apex emarginate, 1.1–2.2 × 1.2–2.3 mm; corolla bright yellow, 14–25 mm long, upper lip with sparse glandular trichomes on adaxial surface, ovate or ovate deltoid, apex rounded, 2x> than calyx lobes, 2.9–4.9 × 2.3–4.8 mm, lower lip transversally elliptic, base gibbous, apex 3-lobed, 4.4–7.0 × 4.7–8.4 mm, spur conical usually curved backwards, 8.5–12.7 mm long 2–3x longer than the lower lip; filaments curved, 0.8–1 mm long, theca similar. Ovary globose. Capsule globose 3 mm long; stigma lip not covered by calyx lobe. Seeds obliquely ovoid c. 0.35 mm long. Distribution and ecology: —This species occurs in the southwest of Goias and southeast Mato Grosso, Central– West Brazil. Flowering from March to June, fruiting from May to June. Etymology: —The specific epithet refers to the type locality, Chapada dos Guimar„es National Park. Conservation status: —Endangered—EN B2ab(i, ii, iii). Utricularia chapadensis presents a relatively broad range (EOO = 78,500 km 2), but is known from few locations (AOO = 28 km 2) in populations that are severely fragmented in a region that suffers from intense habitat destruction, intensification of anthropogenic fires, eutrophication of wetlands, and invasive species. Therefore, we recommend that the species be assessed as Endangered, following IUCN (2012) categories and criteria. While U. chapadensis. Notes: —While Utricularia chapadensis (Fig. 4L,M) most closely resembles U. pantaneira, due to the yellow corolla, the molecular phylogeny of Baleeiro et al. (2019) places it as sister to U. lindmanii from Tocantins. U. pantaneira differs from U. chapadensis by having a round gibba, short lower lobes and a spur at least 2x longer than the flower lip. The habitat is also distinct from that U. chapadensis, found in in small patches on rocky outcrops of sandy-soaked soils. Besides that, U. chapadensis can be easily confused with members of U. sect. Setiscapella as seen in Coelho et al. (2017) identified as U. pusilla Vahl (1804: 202). The easiest way to distinguish both sections is by the basifix bract with two bracteoles connected in the base in U. sect. Foliosa, opposed to the peltate and lacks bracteoles in U. sect. Setiscapella. Additional specimens Examined: — BRAZIL. GOIÁS: Jataí, entrando a direita no km 268 da BR158 para Estância, seguindo 3km por estrada de terra até morro com encosta brejosa a direita, 2 Mai. 1999, Rivadavia & Sato 1025 (SPF). Portelândia, Alto da Pedra Aparada, alguns km ao norte da cidade pela estrada para Ponte Branca, 5 Mai. 1999, Rivadavia & Sato 1078 (SPF); ibid, 25 Jun. 2013, Baleeiro & Carneiro 350 (SPF). MATO GROSSO: Chapada dos Guimarães; córrego próximo a caverna Aroe Jari (estrada velha), solo encharcado, 5˚36’33.8’’, 55˚29’03.7’’, 28 Abr. 2013, Baleeiro & Cardoso 317 (SPF). Chapada dos Guimar „es, ao lado da trilha para a caverna Aroe Jari (trilha nova), limite com o Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimar „es, 28 Abr. 2013, Baleeiro & Cardoso 320 (SPF). Jaciara, Fazenda Usina, 21 Mai. 2009, Ramos 3 (UFMT)., Published as part of Baleeiro, Paulo C., Gonella, Paulo M., Sano, Paulo T. & Jobson, Richard W., 2022, Unveiling Utricularia amethystina's true colours: a taxonomic revision of one of the largest species complexes (U. sect. Foliosa, Lentibulariaceae), pp. 29-54 in Phytotaxa 576 (1) on page 39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.576.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7440860, {"references":["Baleeiro, P. C., Jobson, R. W. & Sano, P. T. (2016) Morphometric approach to address taxonomic problems: The case of Utricularia sect. Foliosa (Lentibulariaceae). Journal of Systematics and Evolution 54 (2): 175 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jse. 12186","IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 3. Edited by P. by the I. S. S. Commission. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. [https: // portals. iucn. org / library / node / 10315]","Baleeiro, P. C., Sano, P. T. & Jobson, R. W. (2019) Molecular Phylogeny of the Utricularia amethystina complex (Utricularia sect. Foliosa) assessed using plastid and nuclear sequence data. Systematic Botany 44 (2): 398 - 404. https: // doi. org / 10.1600 / 036364419 X 15562052252045","Coelho, N., Gomes-Klein, V. L. & Dantas-Queiroz, M. V. (2017) Lentibulariaceae from Serra dos Pireneus, Goias, Brazil. Rodriguesia 68 (4): 1347 - 1356. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 2175 - 7860201768416","Vahl, M. (1804) Diandria, Monogynia. In: Enumeratio Plantarum 1: 191 - 205."]}