Search

According to the Brazilian National Program for the Control and Eradication of Animal Brucellosis and Tuberculosis (PNCEBT), the routine tests for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in the country are the simple intradermal tuberculin test (SITT) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA), the caudal fold test and the comparative intradermal tuberculin test (CITT). The latter is also used as a confirmatory test. A group of 53 animals from three dairy herds in a focal area for bovine tuberculosis, that were submitted to depopulation in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, were submitted to the CITT. Tissues were cultured and the resulting colonies were confirmed by PCR and DNA sequencing. Among the 53 animals analyzed using the CITT, 32 (60.4%) were negative, 14 (26.4%) were positive and seven (13.2%) results were inconclusive. The CITT detected 11 of the 39 animals with culture-confirmed M. bovis infection as positive. Among the total of 14 uninfected animals based on cultures, the CBT detected eight as negative. Thus, the CITT demonstrated sensitivity of 28.2% and specificity of 57.1% for the population sampled. A total of 24/32 (75.0%) of the animals with negative CITT results were culture positive (confirmed by PCR) and were considered false negatives based on the CITT. The maintenance of these false-negative animals in herds has serious implications for the control of the disease, since they can be a source of infection. The addition of complementary tests could help identify such animals and increase the odds of diagnostic success. RESUMO: No Brasil, segundo o Programa Nacional de Controle e Erradicação da Brucelose e Tuberculose Animal (PNCEBT), do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA), os testes de rotina para o diagnóstico de tuberculose bovina são o teste cervical simples (TCC), o teste da prega caudal (TPC) e o teste cervical comparativo (TCC), sendo que o último também é utilizado como teste confirmatório. Um grupo de 53 animais oriundos de três rebanhos leiteiros de área de foco para tuberculose bovina que foram submetidos a vazio sanitário no Rio Grande do Sul foi submetido ao TCC. Os tecidos destes animais foram cultivados e as colônias resultantes confirmadas por PCR e sequenciamento de DNA. Dos 53 animais analisados no TCC, 32 (60,4%) foram negativos, 14 (26,4%) positivos e sete (13,2%) inconclusivos, com base no PNCEBT. O TCC detectou como positivos 11 dos 39 animais com infecção por M. bovis confirmada por cultivo. Do total de 14 animais não infectados, baseado na cultura, o TCC detectou oito como negativos. Assim, o TCC apresentou, para a população amostrada, sensibilidade de 28,2% e especificidade de 57,1%. Um total de 24/32 (75,0%) dos animais negativos ao TCC foi positivo no cultivo (confirmado por PCR), sendo considerados falso-negativos ao TCC. A manutenção destes animais falso-negativos nos rebanhos tem sérias implicações para o controle da enfermidade, já que os mesmos podem ser fonte de infecção. A adição de testes complementares poderia auxiliar na identificação destes animais, aumentando a cobertura diagnóstica.

Tristeza Parasitaria Bovina (TPB) e um complexo de doencas transmitidas pelo carrapato Riphicephalus (Boophilus) microplus e que tem como agentes etiologicos os protozoarios Babesia bovis e B. bigemina e a riquetsia Anaplasma marginale.

Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) based on recombinant major surface protein 5 (rMSP5) and initial body (IB) antigens from a Brazilian isolate of Anaplasma marginale were developed to detect antibodies against this rickettsia in cattle. Both tests showed the same sensitivity (98.2%) and specificities (100% for rMSP5 and 93.8% for IB ELISA) which did not differ statistically. No cross-reactions were detected with Babesia bigemina antibodies, but 5 (rMSP5 ELISA) to 15% (IB ELISA) of cross-reactions were detected with B. bovis antibodies. However, such difference was not statistically significant. Prevalences of seropositive crossbred beef cattle raised extensively in Miranda county, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, were 78.1% by rMSP5 ELISA and 79.7% by IB ELISA. In the analysis of sera from dairy calves naturally-infected with A. marginale, the dynamics of antibody production was very similar between both tests, with maternal antibodies reaching the lowest levels at 15-30 days, followed by an increase in the mean optical densities in both ELISAs, suggesting the development of active immunity against A. marginale. Results showed that all calves were seropositive by one-year old, characterizing a situation of enzootic stability. The similar performances of the ELISAs suggest that both tests can be used in epidemiological surveys for detection of antibodies to A. marginale in cattle.

Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) based on recombinant MSP1a and MSP2 from a Brazilian isolate of Anaplasma marginale were developed to detect antibodies against this rickettsia in cattle. The high sensitivities (99% for both tests) and specificities (100% for both tests) were confirmed with sera from cattle positive or negative for A. marginale antibodies, respectively, by immunofluorescent antibody test. By the analysis of 583 sera from cattle of three regions of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, the agreement between both tests was high, with a kappa index of 0.89. The similar performances of the ELISAs suggest that both tests can be used in epidemiological surveys for detection of antibodies to A. marginale in cattle.

Canine visceral leishmaniasis poses important concerns for public health and veterinary medicine in many areas of the world. Resistance to it seems to be associated with cellular specific immune responses of the so-called Th1 type. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is one of the most potent inducers of Th1 type of immune responses to co-administered antigens. Herein, the cloning of canine IL-12, as a single-chain fusion protein (sccaIL-12), and its expression in biologically active form in COS-7 cells is reported. Supernatants from these cells stimulated the expression of comparable amounts of interferon gamma mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from dogs with natural visceral leishmaniasis. In addition, after stimulation with sccaIL-12, there was no difference between interferon gamma mRNA expressions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of dogs with visceral leishmaniasis and from normal healthy control animals.

Background: Very few studies have been carried out so far aiming at modulating cellular immune responses in dogs. In this study, we evaluated the ability of recombinant canine IL-2 (rcaIL-2) and IL-12, in the form of a single-chain fusion protein (rsccaIL-12), to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy mongrel dogs. Results: Recombinant canine IL-2 purified from Escherichia coli or present in the supernatant of COS-7 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1-caIL-2 (COS-7 caIL-2 supernatant) was able to induce proliferation of CTLL-2 cells, thus showing their functional activity. In addition, purified rcaIL-2 and COS-7 caIL-2 supernatant stimulated resting canine PBMC proliferation to a level higher than baseline level. Neither COS-7 sccaIL-12 supernatant nor COS-7 caIL-2 supernatant alone was able to induce significant production of interferon gamma by resting PBMC. However, COS-7 sccaIL-12 supernatant in combination with COS-7 caIL-2 supernatant induced production of IFN-γ by those cells. Conclusions: The data shown herein suggest that the combination of canine recombinant IL-12 and IL-2 can be useful to promote cellular immune responses in dogs.

Considerando as limitações dos atuais métodos de controle contra a anaplasmose bovina, o desenvolvimento de uma vacina efetiva se faz necessário. A partir do advento da análise genômica e proteômica, novas proteínas de membrana de Anaplasma marginale foram identificadas como possíveis candidatas a componentes de uma vacina, tais como, VirB9,VirB10 e Fator Termo Instavél de Elongação de Peptídeos (EF-Tu). Embora estas proteínas ainda não estejam bem caracterizadas na membrana de A. marginale, a produção destas na forma recombinante (rVirB 9, rVirB10 e rEF-Tu)tem sido realizada, mas as mesmas ainda não foram exploradas em formulações vacinais. Neste trabalho, avaliou-se ouso de rVirB9, rVirB10 e rEF-Tu emulsionadas em adjuvante Montanide em camundongos. Nas condições testadas, verificou-se a indução de forte resposta imune humoral com a produção de IgG1 e IgG2a, sendo que as proporções dos níveis de produção destas subclasses indicam predomínio de IgG1. Entretanto, esplenócitos de animais, que foram injetados com rVirB9 ou rVirB10, produziram interferon-gama acima do limite de detecção do ensaio após estimulação in vitro, sinalizando assim resposta celular específica. Assim, novas avaliações serão realizadas com a finalidade de modular o perfil de resposta imune obtido em bovinos e avaliar a proteção contra A. marginale.

To expand the available panel of recombinant proteins that can be useful for identifying Leishmania -infected dogs and for diagnosing human visceral leishmaniasis (VL), we selected recombinant antigens from L. infantum , cDNA, and genomic libraries by using pools of serum samples from infected dogs and humans. The selected DNA fragments encoded homologs of a cytoplasmic heat-shock protein 70, a kinesin, a polyubiquitin, and two novel hypothetical proteins. Histidine-tagged recombinant proteins were produced after subcloning these DNA fragments and evaluated by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with panels of canine and human serum samples. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with different recombinant proteins had different sensitivities (67.4–93.0% and 36.4–97.2%) and specificities (76.1–100% and 90.4–97.3%) when tested with serum samples from Leishmania -infected dogs and human patients with VL. Overall, no single recombinant antigen was sufficient to serodiagnosis all canine or human VL cases.

No século XVIII a Europa foi devastada pela varíola. Naquela ocasião Edward Jenner, um médico inglês do interior do país, observou que mulheres que ordenhavam vacas costumavam ter uma forma branda da doença (a varíola bovina) e não adoeciam nem morriam de varíola humana. Jenner então decidiu testar na prática sua teoria, a de que o contato prévio com a varíola bovina pudesse proteger as pessoas contra a varíola humana. Assim, ele inoculou material de pústulas de varíola bovina em um menino de oito anos. Posteriormente, Jenner inoculou pústula de varíola humana no menino e este não adoeceu (sim, naquele tempo não havia qualquer regulamentação ética para uso de seres humanos como ?cobaias?). Assim surgiu a vacinação (do latim vaccinus ou ?a partir de vacas?).[...] Disponibilizado também em: https://www.agorams.com.br/vacina-sim-na-medicina-veterinaria-tambem/

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-23T09:04:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 11-Bovine-brucellosis-vaccine-strain-S19-detected-in-calves-before-vaccination.pdf: 538938 bytes, checksum: a11dac72e07f729176a3321735cfbaa3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

According to the Brazilian National Program for the Control and Eradication of Animal Brucellosis and Tuberculosis (PNCEBT), the routine tests for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in the country are the simple intradermal tuberculin test (SITT) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA), the caudal fold test and the comparative intradermal tuberculin test (CITT). The latter is also used as a confirmatory test. A group of 53 animals from three dairy herds in a focal area for bovine tuberculosis, that were submitted to depopulation in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, were submitted to the CITT. Tissues were cultured and the resulting colonies were confirmed by PCR and DNA sequencing. Among the 53 animals analyzed using the CITT, 32 (60.4%) were negative, 14 (26.4%) were positive and seven (13.2%) results were inconclusive. The CITT detected 11 of the 39 animals with culture-confirmed M. bovis infection as positive. Among the total of 14 uninfected animals based on cultures, the CBT detected eight as negative. Thus, the CITT demonstrated sensitivity of 28.2% and specificity of 57.1% for the population sampled. A total of 24/32 (75.0%) of the animals with negative CITT results were culture positive (confirmed by PCR) and were considered false negatives based on the CITT. The maintenance of these false-negative animals in herds has serious implications for the control of the disease, since they can be a source of infection. The addition of complementary tests could help identify such animals and increase the odds of diagnostic success. Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-23T01:01:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Falsenegativereactionstothecomparative.pdf: 548823 bytes, checksum: 41ac5b4fca3c2148bcdb3a1849762c3f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-22 Título em português: Reações falso-negativas ao teste cervical comparativo para tuberculose bovina.

Considerando as limitações dos atuais métodos de controle contra a anaplasmose bovina, o desenvolvimento de uma vacina efetiva se faz necessário. A partir do advento da análise genômica e proteômica, novas proteínas de membrana de Anaplasma marginale foram identificadas como possíveis candidatas a componentes de uma vacina, tais como, VirB9, VirB10 e Fator Termo Instavél de Elongação de Peptídeos (EF-Tu). Embora estas proteínas ainda não estejam bem caracterizadas na membrana de A. marginale, a produção destas na forma recombinante (rVirB 9, rVirB10 e rEF-Tu) tem sido realizada, mas as mesmas ainda não foram exploradas em formulações vacinais. Neste trabalho, avaliou-se o uso de rVirB9, rVirB10 e rEF-Tu emulsionadas em adjuvante Montanide em camundongos. Nas condições testadas, verificou-se a indução de forte resposta imune humoral com a produção de IgG1 e IgG2a, sendo que as proporções dos níveis de produção destas subclasses indicam predomínio de IgG1. Entretanto, esplenócitos de animais, que foram injetados com rVirB9 ou rVirB10, produziram interferon-gama acima do limite de detecção do ensaio após estimulação in vitro, sinalizando assim resposta celular específica. Assim, novas avaliações serão realizadas com a finalidade de modular o perfil de resposta imune obtido em bovinos e avaliar a proteção contra A. marginale. Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-16T01:02:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 a05v49n5.pdf: 252301 bytes, checksum: cab29895f568219ee71ae6557588f0c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012