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ispartof: Report status: published

ispartof: Report status: published

We bestuderen de jobkwaliteit in België aan de hand van data van de Europese enquête naar de arbeidsomstandigheden (EWCS), uitgevoerd in 2021. Het onderzoek is opgedeeld in twee delen. In het eerste deel wordt een conceptueel kader uitgewerkt en wordt de situatie in 2021 en de evolutie van jobkwaliteit doorheen de tijd beschreven, inclusief de veranderende inhoud van taken binnen beroepen. Hiernaast wordt in dit deel de impact van de COVID-19-pandemie op de jobkwaliteit besproken. In het tweede deel van de studie worden verschillende thematische hoofdstukken uitgewerkt die dieper ingaan op specifieke aspecten van jobkwaliteit. Deze hoofdstukken behandelen onder andere de gevolgen van werk op gezondheid en welzijn, met name wat betreft de link tussen uitputting en bevlogenheid. Verder worden de prevalentie en evolutie van psychosociale risico’s en musculoskeletale aandoeningen op de werkvloer behandeld, evenals de uitdagingen rond de duurzame inzetbaarheid van oudere werknemers. Daarnaast wordt de problematiek van jobonzekerheid belicht, samen met de meest kwetsbare groepen van werknemers in België. In elk hoofdstuk wordt aandacht besteed aan verschillen tussen sectoren, beroepen en werknemers en de impact van de COVID-19-pandemie op de Belgische arbeidsmarkt. ispartof: Over.Werk - Tijdschrift van het Steunpunt Werk vol:33 issue:1/2023 pages:126-134 status: published

I SKILL (Industrial Relations to Kick-Start Inclusive Adult Learning) is a project that investigates how industrial relations and social dialogue may contribute to the advancement of adult learning in the EU. The project's first deliverable (D1.1) is a working paper with multiple objectives. The inquiry begins by establishing a conceptual framework, including concepts of the adult learning system, the twin transition, and their interrelationships. The twin transition is progressively changing the labour market, with Covid-19 acting as a catalyst. In this context, enhancing adult learning systems is without any doubt the correct course of action. Nevertheless, the interrelationship between adult learning and the twin transition presents numerous challenges, among which this deliverable describes which are the groups that participate less in adult learning, the reasons behind the limited participation and the development of inclusive strategies to prevent the escalation of inequalities in adult learning participation. Furthermore, it considers the academic and grey literature, as well as the policy documents, to identify different types of measures that support adult learning. The paper outlines governance structures and actors active in the design, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of such policy measures. For this aspect, a practical approach has been preferred to see how the selected Member States (Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, France, Italy, and Slovakia) design measures that address country-specific requirements (both old and new) in their adult learning systems. Furthermore, a critical review of the learning schemes and accounts is provided. Finally, the paper focuses on the role of social dialogue and industrial relations, which have to adapt to a forced, quick reorganisation of work, driven by the green and digital transitions and lockdown experiences. The circumstances that enable adult learning to flourish in a fast changing economy are investigated by going beyond social partners' contributions to establishing the right to adult learning, and by examining their activities for equitable access to quality adult learning opportunities. ispartof: ISKILL (Industrial Relations and Social Dialogue to Kick-in Inclusive Adult Learning) project deliverable 1.1 pages:1-104 status: published

ispartof: pages:1-50 status: published

ispartof: pages:1-48 status: published

Dit project heeft als doelstelling om na te gaan of platformwerk een opstap kan zijn tot kwalitatieve en duurzame werkgelegenheid voor personen met een (grote) afstand tot de arbeidsmarkt, en welke voorwaarden daarvoor vervuld moeten worden op korte en lange termijn. In de voorbije jaren is de platformeconomie sterk gegroeid, ook in Vlaanderen. Deze nieuwe vorm van werk brengt een aantal voordelen met zich mee, waaronder de lage drempels tot de arbeidsmarkt en de mogelijkheid om een inkomen te verdienen via flexibel werk. Platformwerk kan zo een opstap vormen naar tewerkstelling, binnen de platformeconomie en daarbuiten, met name voor zij die het moeilijk hebben om werk te vinden. Anderzijds worden er vragen gesteld bij de arbeidsomstandigheden van platformwerk en kan het de arbeidsmarktsegmentatie vergroten. Dit project wil daarom duiden of en hoe platformwerk tot kwalitatieve en duurzame tewerkstelling kan leiden en welke maatregelen er vanuit het beleid, sociale partners en andere actoren genomen kunnen worden om dat te ondersteunen. Daartoe worden er lessen getrokken uit beleidsmaatregelen die in andere Europese landen werden ingevoerd, alsook de impact daarvan op platformwerk meer algemeen en personen met een afstand tot de arbeidsmarkt in het bijzonder. ispartof: Onderzoeksrapport pages:1-118 status: published

Dit project heeft als doelstelling om na te gaan of platformwerk een opstap kan zijn tot kwalitatieve en duurzame werkgelegenheid voor personen met een (grote) afstand tot de arbeidsmarkt, en welke voorwaarden daarvoor vervuld moeten worden op korte en lange termijn. In de voorbije jaren is de platformeconomie sterk gegroeid, ook in Vlaanderen. Deze nieuwe vorm van werk brengt een aantal voordelen met zich mee, waaronder de lage drempels tot de arbeidsmarkt en de mogelijkheid om een inkomen te verdienen via flexibel werk. Platformwerk kan zo een opstap vormen naar tewerkstelling, binnen de platformeconomie en daarbuiten, met name voor zij die het moeilijk hebben om werk te vinden. Anderzijds worden er vragen gesteld bij de arbeidsomstandigheden van platformwerk en kan het de arbeidsmarktsegmentatie vergroten. Dit project wil daarom duiden of en hoe platformwerk tot kwalitatieve en duurzame tewerkstelling kan leiden en welke maatregelen er vanuit het beleid, sociale partners en andere actoren genomen kunnen worden om dat te ondersteunen. Daartoe worden er lessen getrokken uit beleidsmaatregelen die in andere Europese landen werden ingevoerd, alsook de impact daarvan op platformwerk meer algemeen en personen met een afstand tot de arbeidsmarkt in het bijzonder. ispartof: Internationale Inspiratienota status: published

Dit project heeft als doelstelling om na te gaan of platformwerk een opstap kan zijn tot kwalitatieve en duurzame werkgelegenheid voor personen met een (grote) afstand tot de arbeidsmarkt, en welke voorwaarden daarvoor vervuld moeten worden op korte en lange termijn. In de voorbije jaren is de platformeconomie sterk gegroeid, ook in Vlaanderen. Deze nieuwe vorm van werk brengt een aantal voordelen met zich mee, waaronder de lage drempels tot de arbeidsmarkt en de mogelijkheid om een inkomen te verdienen via flexibel werk. Platformwerk kan zo een opstap vormen naar tewerkstelling, binnen de platformeconomie en daarbuiten, met name voor zij die het moeilijk hebben om werk te vinden. Anderzijds worden er vragen gesteld bij de arbeidsomstandigheden van platformwerk en kan het de arbeidsmarktsegmentatie vergroten. Dit project wil daarom duiden of en hoe platformwerk tot kwalitatieve en duurzame tewerkstelling kan leiden en welke maatregelen er vanuit het beleid, sociale partners en andere actoren genomen kunnen worden om dat te ondersteunen. Daartoe worden er lessen getrokken uit beleidsmaatregelen die in andere Europese landen werden ingevoerd, alsook de impact daarvan op platformwerk meer algemeen en personen met een afstand tot de arbeidsmarkt in het bijzonder. ispartof: Persona's & User Journeys status: published

The digital platform economy is growing quickly and the work offered is as diverse as the workers themselves. Migrant and ethnic minorities, are more likely to engage in platform work, which may also represent an opportunity for persons with a disability and for women. While digital work can be a stepping stone into the labour market, it presents just as many dead ends. This Discussion Paper sheds light on the working conditions and OSH risks related to digital platform work for some groups of workers. The results show the way to ensure digital platform work serves as a jumping board to more secure, safer and healthier occupations. ispartof: Discussion Paper pages:1-33 status: published

status: Published online

status: Published online

La présente étude se penche sur la prévalence et les conséquences des horaires de travail atypiques dans le secteur du gardiennage. Sur la base d'une enquête représentative auprès de 497 agents de gardiennage, nous réalisons une typologie de l'aménagement du temps de travail dans le secteur belge du gardiennage à l'aide de huit caractéristiques du temps de travail. Ensuite, nous analysons le bien-être physique, mental et social des agents de gardiennage ainsi que la relation entre des caractéristiques spécifiques du temps de travail et les résultats en matière de bien-être. Nous examinons également comment les travailleurs évaluent eux-mêmes la soutenabilité de leur emploi. Enfin, au moyen d'une expérience de vignettes, nous examinons dans quelle mesure les travailleurs souhaitent recevoir une compensation financière pour des horaires de travail atypiques par rapport à un emploi classique en horaire de jour uniquement. ispartof: pages:1-105 status: published

Dit onderzoek bestudeert de prevalentie en gevolgen van atypische arbeidstijden in de bewakingssector. Op basis van een representatieve enquête bij 497 bewakingsagenten, typeren we de arbeidstijdregeling in de Belgische bewakingssector aan de hand van acht arbeidstijdkenmerken. Vervolgens analyseren we het fysieke, mentale en sociale welzijn van bewakingsagenten en onderzoeken we het verband tussen specifieke arbeidstijdkenmerken en welzijnsuitkomsten. Daarnaast gaan we ook na hoe werknemers de houdbaarheid van hun job zelf inschatten. Ten slotte onderzoeken we via een vignette experiment in welke mate werknemers willen gecompenseerd worden voor atypische arbeidstijden ten opzichte van een klassieke job waarbij uitsluitend overdag wordt gewerkt. ispartof: pages:1-99 status: published

ispartof: pages:1-51 status: published

Dit onderzoek bestudeert de prevalentie en de gevolgen van atypische arbeidstijden in de bewakingssector. Op basis van een representatieve enquête bij 497 bewakingsagenten typeren we de arbeidstijdregeling in de Belgische bewakingssector aan de hand van acht arbeidstijdkenmerken. Vervolgens analyseren we het fysiek, mentaal en sociaal welzijn van bewakingsagenten en onderzoeken we het verband tussen specifieke arbeidstijdkenmerken en welzijnsuitkomsten. De resultaten tonen onder andere aan dat roosterautonomie consistent positief verbonden is met goede welzijnsuitkomsten, in tegenstelling tot onregelmatigheid en oproepbaarheid. Naast welzijnsimpact en de relatie met arbeids tijd kenmerken gaan we ook na hoe werknemers de houdbaarheid van hun job zelf inschatten. Voor de verschillende houdbaarheidscomponenten die onderzocht worden (zoals inspraak en de leeftijd tot wanneer het werk houdbaar wordt geacht), zijn er aanwijzingen dat de bewakingssector slecht scoort. Ten slotte onderzoeken we via een vignette-experiment in welke mate werknemers willen gecompenseerd worden voor atypische arbeidstijden ten opzichte van een klassieke job waarbij uitsluitend overdag wordt gewerkt. ispartof: Over.Werk - Tijdschrift van het Steunpunt Werk vol:32 issue:2 pages:93-101 status: published

ispartof: BFORE Project Deliverable 1.1 Review on industrial relations and income inequality status: published

ispartof: VIRAGE Policy Brief status: published

ispartof: VIRAGE Policy Brief status: published

ispartof: VIRAGE Policy Brief status: published

This national report for Belgium is part of the VIRAGE - Visualising and Measuring the Role of Industrial Relations in Addressing Gender Equality - project on industrial relations, social dialogue and gender equality. VIRAGE aims to study how industrial relations and social dialogue can shape progress towards the achievement of gender equality in Europe. Funded by the Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion of the European Commission, the project is coordinated by the Brussels-based think tank CEPS and implemented in partnership with HIVA-KU Leuven (Belgium), University of Gothenburg (Sweden), Warsaw School of Economics (Poland) and Sapienza – University of Rome (Italy). This report presents an overview of the context, policies and legislation relevant to gender equality in Belgium, taking into consideration the national, regional and community levels, and the scope of actions by industrial relations actors. ispartof: VIRAGE Working Paper status: published

In the past thirty years, the European Union (EU) has always been a frontrunner in climate action. Recent initiatives, including the presentation of the European Green Deal (December 2019), the Just Transition Mechanism (January 2020), the Climate Law (March 2020), and the Fit for 55 Package (July 2021), have further stirred salience and urgency, and reinforced the EU’s status of climate leader. While the term ‘Just Transition’has its origins in the labour movement (Heyen et al., 2020), it has become one of the key concepts used by the European Commission to refer to its climate policies. ispartof: Building Capacities and Strategies of Trade Union Involvement in shaping a Just Transition towards a Sustainable and Decarbonised Industry status: Published online

This document contains an extensive literature review of the state-of-the-art related to the research in UNTANGLED work packages (WPs) 3 to 6. The literature covered relates to (a)the impact of the three mega-trends of technological transformations, globalisation and demographic changes, and how they affect labour markets and social outcomes (WPs 3 to 5); and (b)literature related to building scenarios for Europe (WP 6). The document is divided into four sections. Each of the first three sections is concerned with the effect of these trends at the macro (WP3), meso (WP4) or micro (WP5_ societal level. The last section looks at scenario building (WP6). It is a living document in the sense that throughout the project additional sources will be added to keep the literature review up to date.

Digital technologies are transforming the world of work in the European Union. Digital labour platforms are at the centre of this change. Despite the new job opportunities they provide, the scientific and policy communities have raised concerns about the working and employment conditions of digital platform work, including in the safety and health area. This report sheds light on occupational safety and health (OSH) in digital platform work. It presents the most recent evidence on the OSH challenges and opportunities in this type of work and examines if and how these are dealt with. The report provides an overview of regulation, policies and practices that address OSH in digital platform work. It also includes conclusions and recommendations for various stakeholders taking into account the different types of platform work. ispartof: Executive Summary status: published

Digital technologies are transforming the world of work in the European Union. Digital labour platforms are at the centre of this change. Despite the new job opportunities they provide, the scientific and policy communities have raised concerns about the working and employment conditions of digital platform work, including in the safety and health area. This report sheds light on occupational safety and health (OSH) in digital platform work. It presents the most recent evidence on the OSH challenges and opportunities in this type of work and examines if and how these are dealt with. The report provides an overview of regulation, policies and practices that address OSH in digital platform work. It also includes conclusions and recommendations for various stakeholders taking into account the different types of platform work. ispartof: Report status: published

Workers such as plumbers and electricians who perform handiwork face several occupational safety and health (OSH) challenges. These include working in uncomfortable positions, carrying out awkward manual tasks, lifting heavy objects, being exposed to hazardous substances, slips, trips and falls, as well as verbal abuse, bullying and harassment. This case study explores handiwork provided through digital labour platforms. It presents the OSH risks that workers performing handiwork encounter when providing work through a digital labour platform. It also outlines the factors that influence or complicate the management of OSH challenges and risks in handiwork provided through digital labour platform. By highlighting digital labour platforms’ practices and actions, the case study examines whether and how to prevent and manage such risks. ispartof: Case study status: published

Parcel delivery work, or courier services, is becoming increasingly organised through digital labour platforms. This presents new challenges to the safety and health of delivery workers. Parcel delivery platform workers usually do not know what kind of tasks they will be doing, for how long and where. There is also an increase in subcontracting and non-standard work arrangements. This case study explores parcel delivery performed in the platform economy. It examines the occupational safety and health (OSH) risks related to parcel delivery work through a digital labour platform. The study also covers OSH risk prevention and management. Lastly, it highlights the growing importance of parcel delivery, which receives much less attention than food delivery and passenger transport. ispartof: Case study status: published

Programmers carry out tasks such as writing and testing code that involve desk-based work and heavy computer use. They are exposed to several physical and psychological health and safety risks when performing their work. These risks may be increased when working remotely. This case study explores remote programming provided through digital labour platforms. It examines the occupational safety and health risks this type of work presents to platform workers. The study also covers whether and how such risks are prevented and managed, emphasising practices and actions implemented by the platforms. It includes interviews with both workers and platforms. ispartof: Case study status: published

Online content review work provided through digital labour platforms is stressful, emotionally and physically demanding, and can lead to musculoskeletal disorders. Digital labour platforms do not address such severe occupational safety and health (OSH) risks, or do so in a limited way. This case study examines the OSH risks the relatively new type of work presents to platform workers. It also explores whether and how such risks are prevented and managed, emphasising practices and actions implemented by platforms. ispartof: Case study status: published

This document presents the conceptual framework guiding the UNTANGLED project and a glossary of key terms and concepts related to the topics that it covers. The framework considers definitions, measurement, available data, and indicators. This document also presents research protocols underpinning the quantitative and qualitative research carried out in the project. &nbsp

The prevalence and activities of online platforms used to match labour demand and supply have rapidly increased in the EU in the last 10 years. Responses to this emerging digital platform economy were initially limited and mostly delivered on the part of businesses, workers and their representative organisations as well as local and regional policymakers. The phenomenon has since gained increased attention at EU and Member State levels, with more emphasis now also given to working conditions and occupational safety and health (OSH) of digital platform workers. This policy brief highlights key findings and takeaways from an in-depth study of OSH-related regulations, policies, strategies, initiatives, actions and programmes. It builds on four case studies, review of the literature, and consultation with EU-OSHA’s national focal points. The OSH challenges of and responses to digital platform work are explored as are developments in Spain, Italy and France. Four key takeaways for policymakers and decision-makers present considerations moving forward and tangible recommendations for improving on OSH issues in digital platform work. ispartof: Policy Brief status: published

Digital platform work presents challenges to labour and occupational safety and health (OSH) regulations as well as their monitoring and enforcement. These have implications for the work of labour and social security inspectorates, and for platform workers regarding their status and conditions of work. This case study offers insights into the roles and actions of labour and social security inspectorates as regards OSH in relation to digital platform work. Through a closer look at initiatives on the part of inspection services in Belgium, Spain and Poland, the report outlines lessons that can be learned from the issues these services have encountered as well as the strategies developed to tackle them. The implications for policy, underlining key points related to core issues that remain, such as the ambiguous employment status of platform workers, are discussed. The importance of coordinated actions, awareness raising, and capacity building and training of inspectors are among the good practices which Member States can refer to as example. ispartof: Policy Case Study status: published

Digital platform workers’ rights in the areas of occupational safety and health, working hours and compensation are not clearly established under existing labour laws in most European Union countries. This case study highlights the main features of the Italian regulation applicable to digital platform work and the initiative of the Municipality of Bologna, in northern Italy, to protect platform workers (mainly food-delivery riders) by introducing the ‘Charter of Fundamental Rights of Digital Labour in the Urban Context’. The Charter, voluntarily adopted at regional level, also influenced legislation at national level to recognise rights of self-employed delivery riders. It has become a model in other regions of Italy and could inspire policy-makers throughout Europe. According to stakeholders, several platforms implemented measures of the Charter and working conditions improved for delivery riders. They recommend measures that should be extended to other types of platform workers. ispartof: Policy case study status: published

Digital platform work has become a topic of concern in recent years because workers’ rights regarding working conditions and occupational safety and health (OSH) are not clearly established under existing laws. This case study looks at several legislative initiatives introduced in France to regulate the rights of platform workers and improve their working conditions. Specifically, these initiatives are aimed at granting individual and collective rights to self-employed platform workers; increasing transparency in platform work and combatting social fraud; and giving platform workers in the transport sector the right to refuse assignments and to disconnect without being penalised for that. Although these initiatives are important steps to improving working conditions in a platform economy, many stakeholders agree that their scope does not sufficiently address the enforcement of OSH regulations. ispartof: Policy case study status: published

The employment status of digital platform workers is often ambiguous. As such, their rights regarding occupational safety and health, working hours and compensation are not clearly established under existing laws. This is further worsened by algorithmic management of platform workers that influences their working conditions and work allocation. This case study highlights an initiative in Spain to regulate rights of platform workers by introducing the so-called Riders’ Law through provisions to the Workers’ Statute. These provisions address key issues such as dependent employment status for platform workers in the delivery sector and the need for algorithmic transparency of all digital platforms. The case study concludes by outlining the strong points and shortcomings of this initiative. ispartof: Policy case study status: published

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Executive summary of the report "Musculoskeletal disorders and psychosocial risk factors in the workplace — statistical analysis of EU-wide survey data" status: published

This report presents a conceptual framework to explain work-related risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and mental wellbeing. It analyses data from the latest European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) and European Survey of Enterprises on New and Emerging Risks (ESENER) to explore how job characteristics of individual workers (such as biomechanical and psychosocial factors) and company-level occupational safety and health management practices are related to MSDs and wellbeing. Finding that some psychosocial factors strongly influence MSDs and wellbeing, the report provides recommendations and highlights the need for holistic risk assessments, to minimise negative health outcomes at workplace level. ispartof: Musculoskeletal disorders and psychosocial risk factors in the workplace — statistical analysis of EU-wide survey data status: published

status: Published online